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ruling, the Court found that the injunction had been granted properly, and that, while, the city could sell the property in a bona fide sale, it could not simply avoid the prohibition on discrimination through leasing the property. saying, "the right of citizens to use public property without
178:, was on-going, Simkins, who had been one of the six, filed the present case in Federal District Court and obtained an injunction in March 1957 against the golf course preventing them from operating the course on a discriminatory basis. That ruling was appealed to the Fourth Circuit.
165:, which had been built with public funds. The six paid greens fees and began to play despite being told they would not be allowed to. That night, the six were charged with trespassing, and convicted on that charge in February 1956, a conviction which was set aside by the
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The trespassing charges that had begun this story were later retried, and all six men were found guilty, as records of this trial and injunction were withheld in that case. The sentences of the six men were later commuted.
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discrimination on the ground of race may not be abridged by the mere leasing of the property." Some commentators consider this the case that overturned
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to stop discriminating on the basis of race at its
Gillespie Park Golf Club, even though it was leasing the club to a private organization. The
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The
Passion of Tiger Woods: An Anthropologist Reports on Golf, Race, and Celebrity Scandal
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International
Relations Theory and International Law: A Critical Approach
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City of
Greensboro and the Gillespie Park Golf Club, Incorporated v.
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Rather than desegregating its golf courses, the city sold them.
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Richardson, Christopher M.; Luker, Ralph E. (June 11, 2014).
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United States Court of
Appeals for the Fourth Circuit cases
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December 1955, six African-American men (Leon Wolfe,
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141:1957), was a 1957 case which required the City of
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469:United States racial desegregation case law
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203:decision was limited to public schools.
358:Kirsch, George B. (December 30, 2008).
296:. Duke University Press. pp. 75–.
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464:History of Greensboro, North Carolina
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169:in June of the following year.
147:Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals
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454:1957 in United States case law
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397:Simkins v. City of Greensboro
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134:Simkins v. City of Greensboro
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167:North Carolina Supreme Court
182:Decision of the 4th Circuit
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175:Wolfe v. North Carolina
149:affirmed the decision.
479:Golf in North Carolina
474:1957 in North Carolina
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241:246 F.2d 425
159:George Simkins, Jr.
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194:Plessy v. Ferguson
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172:While that case,
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139:4th Cir.
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