20:
99:
58:. The singa represents a benevolent and protective power. The singa is described as "part human, part water buffalo, and part crocodile or lizard". It is variedly represented, but always has an elongated face, with big bulging eyes, a well-defined nose, and long spiraling beard. It is often represented only with its head, but sometimes it may also be represented full body. Other figures - such as other protective deity or ancestral figures - may also be represented standing or sitting on top of the head of the singa.
155:
106:
Images of singa are carved in various objects such as domestic utensils, medicine containers, jewelries, amulets, wood coffins, stone sarcophagi, barns, and Batak traditional houses. Its frequent use made the singa a symbol of the Batak culture. Carving of singa on a Batak house is called
122:
may stem from the Hindu-Buddhism period of Batak during the ninth century (the Batak people are predominantly
Christian or Muslim community). One of the major features of Hindu-Buddhist architecture in
19:
306:
275:
872:
754:
299:
610:
847:
741:
217:
809:
721:
292:
799:
764:
716:
650:
579:
98:
479:
360:
680:
315:
207:
867:
31:(Batak medicine man), is often carved with an image of the singa, sometimes with other figures mounting on it.
173:
605:
835:
345:
338:
86:, the primeval water serpent from the Hindu-Buddhist mythology. It is not fully understood why the name
178:
78:
has a predominantly magical - rather than zoological - meaning, so it does not symbolize a lion, but
794:
784:
774:
561:
685:
645:
489:
399:
385:
269:
213:
47:
139:
style at the beginning of the ninth century, that these Batak version of kirtimukha - called
789:
615:
571:
432:
160:
39:
769:
466:
355:
43:
830:
804:
759:
749:
861:
630:
51:
825:
690:
620:
530:
499:
370:
244:
640:
625:
556:
417:
407:
350:
600:
451:
375:
323:
150:
132:
695:
660:
655:
635:
525:
520:
504:
474:
380:
284:
136:
55:
779:
494:
390:
456:
412:
79:
422:
731:
726:
711:
584:
551:
535:
484:
365:
168:
97:
18:
128:
124:
288:
16:
Figure from the mythology of the Batak people of North
Sumatra
135:
over arches and doorways. It was during the period of the
249:. Christian Literature Society, University of California.
818:
740:
704:
673:
593:
570:
544:
513:
465:
441:
398:
337:
322:
209:
Bali houses: new wave Asian architecture and design
206:Francione, Gianni; Luca Invernizzi Tettoni (2003).
27:(magical substance) container, attribute of a
300:
8:
334:
307:
293:
285:
274:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
238:
236:
189:
267:
102:A figure of singa as parchment holder.
7:
212:. Tuttle Publishing. p. 110.
14:
819:Post-colonial & contemporary
722:Mosque architecture in Indonesia
153:
873:Indonesian legendary creatures
90:is attributed to this figure.
1:
755:Church buildings in Indonesia
70:is derived from the Sanskrit
717:List of mosques in Indonesia
246:Batak fruit of Hindu thought
674:Hindu-Buddhism in Indonesia
580:Sundanese traditional house
143:- appeared in full relief.
889:
480:Javanese traditional house
361:Balinese traditional house
844:
681:Ancient monuments of Java
316:Architecture of Indonesia
74:, "lion". The Batak term
264:. Frankfurt. p. 38.
262:Batak, Kunst aus Sumatra
118:The apotropaic use of a
324:Vernacular architecture
174:Architecture of Sumatra
243:Parkin, Harry (1978).
103:
32:
836:Soejoedi Wirjoatmodjo
346:Bali Aga architecture
196:Sibeth 1991: 119, 122
101:
22:
179:Culture of Indonesia
795:Nieuwe Zakelijkheid
785:Indies Empire style
775:Henri Maclaine Pont
705:Islam in Indonesia
131:is the ubiquitous
104:
33:
855:
854:
669:
668:
84:Boru Saniang Naga
880:
810:Wolff Schoemaker
790:New Indies Style
356:Balinese temples
335:
309:
302:
295:
286:
280:
279:
273:
265:
257:
251:
250:
240:
231:
230:
228:
226:
203:
197:
194:
163:
161:Indonesia portal
158:
157:
156:
115:of the house".
42:figure from the
888:
887:
883:
882:
881:
879:
878:
877:
868:Batak mythology
858:
857:
856:
851:
840:
814:
770:Han Groenewegen
736:
700:
665:
589:
566:
540:
509:
461:
437:
394:
333:
318:
313:
283:
266:
260:Sibeth (2000).
259:
258:
254:
242:
241:
234:
224:
222:
220:
205:
204:
200:
195:
191:
187:
159:
154:
152:
149:
96:
64:
17:
12:
11:
5:
886:
884:
876:
875:
870:
860:
859:
853:
852:
845:
842:
841:
839:
838:
833:
831:Liem Bwan Tjie
828:
822:
820:
816:
815:
813:
812:
807:
805:Thomas Karsten
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
765:Frans Ghijsels
762:
760:Cosman Citroen
757:
752:
750:Albert Aalbers
746:
744:
742:Dutch colonial
738:
737:
735:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
708:
706:
702:
701:
699:
698:
693:
688:
683:
677:
675:
671:
670:
667:
666:
664:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
597:
595:
591:
590:
588:
587:
582:
576:
574:
568:
567:
565:
564:
559:
554:
548:
546:
542:
541:
539:
538:
533:
528:
523:
517:
515:
511:
510:
508:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
471:
469:
463:
462:
460:
459:
454:
449:
445:
443:
439:
438:
436:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
404:
402:
396:
395:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
341:
332:
331:
328:
326:
320:
319:
314:
312:
311:
304:
297:
289:
282:
281:
252:
232:
218:
198:
188:
186:
183:
182:
181:
176:
171:
165:
164:
148:
145:
95:
92:
63:
60:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
885:
874:
871:
869:
866:
865:
863:
850:
849:
843:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
823:
821:
817:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
800:Pieter Moojen
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
747:
745:
743:
739:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
709:
707:
703:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
678:
676:
672:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
598:
596:
592:
586:
583:
581:
578:
577:
575:
573:
569:
563:
562:Thousand Legs
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
549:
547:
543:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
518:
516:
512:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
472:
470:
468:
464:
458:
455:
453:
450:
447:
446:
444:
440:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
405:
403:
401:
397:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
340:
336:
330:
329:
327:
325:
321:
317:
310:
305:
303:
298:
296:
291:
290:
287:
277:
271:
263:
256:
253:
248:
247:
239:
237:
233:
221:
219:9780794600136
215:
211:
210:
202:
199:
193:
190:
184:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
166:
162:
151:
146:
144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
121:
116:
114:
110:
109:singa ni ruma
100:
93:
91:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
61:
59:
57:
53:
52:North Sumatra
49:
45:
41:
37:
30:
26:
21:
846:
826:Jengki style
780:Indies style
691:Candi bentar
594:Other region
531:Rumah Gadang
500:Kalang house
427:
371:Candi bentar
261:
255:
245:
223:. Retrieved
208:
201:
192:
140:
119:
117:
112:
108:
105:
94:As ornaments
87:
83:
75:
71:
67:
65:
35:
34:
28:
24:
514:Minangkabau
452:Long houses
408:Rumah Bolon
351:Bale kulkul
225:January 27,
141:singhamugam
862:Categories
376:Meru tower
185:References
133:kirtimukha
50:people of
40:apotropaic
696:Paduraksa
641:Palembang
626:Manggarai
572:Sundanese
526:Rangkiang
521:Balairung
505:Saka guru
475:Alun-alun
386:Padmasana
381:Paduraksa
270:cite book
137:Aparajita
66:The word
62:Etymology
56:Indonesia
44:mythology
848:Category
631:Mentawai
616:Gayonese
601:Acehnese
495:Pendhapa
467:Javanese
391:Wantilan
339:Balinese
147:See also
611:Enggano
457:Sandung
413:Geriten
46:of the
656:Toraja
606:Banjar
545:Papuan
490:Kraton
423:Jambur
216:
111:, or "
38:is an
732:Tajug
727:Surau
712:Bedug
686:Candi
661:Uluan
651:Sumba
646:Sasak
621:Malay
585:Leuit
552:Honai
536:Surau
485:Joglo
448:Liang
442:Dayak
428:Singa
418:Gorga
400:Batak
366:Bhoma
169:Batak
120:singa
113:singa
88:singa
76:singa
72:singa
68:singa
48:Batak
36:Singa
25:pupuk
636:Nias
433:Sopo
276:link
227:2011
214:ISBN
129:Bali
127:and
125:Java
80:NÄga
29:datu
557:Jew
82:or
864::
272:}}
268:{{
235:^
54:,
23:A
308:e
301:t
294:v
278:)
229:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
