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significant change at the
Clydebank factory. In 1958, Singer reduced production at their main American plant and transferred 40% of this production to the Clydebank factory in a bid to reduce costs. Between 1961 and 1964, the Clydebank factory underwent a £4 million modernisation programme which saw the Clydebank factory cease the production of cast iron machines and focus on the production of aluminium machines for western markets. As part of this modernisation programme, the famous Singer Clock was demolished in 1963. At the height of its productiveness in the mid-1960s, Singer employed over 16,000 workers but by the end of that decade, compulsory redundancies were taking place and 10 years later the workforce was down to 5,000. Financial problems and lack of orders forced the world's largest sewing machine factory to close in June 1980, bringing to an end over 100 years of sewing machine production in Scotland. The complex of buildings was demolished in 1998.
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389:. Originally, two main buildings were constructed, each 800-foot (240 m) long, 50-foot (15 m) wide and three storeys high. These were connected by three wings. Built above the middle wing was a 200-foot (61 m) tall clock tower with the "Singer" name clearly displayed for all to see for miles around. A total of 2.75 miles (4.43 km) of railway lines were laid throughout the factory to connect the different departments such as the boiler room, foundry, shipping and the lines to main railway stations.
718:. The original Singer company announced in July 1986 that it would be spinning off its sewing machine business under the name SSMC Ltd. In 1989 Semi-Tech Global purchased SSMC along with the rights to the Singer name, allowing for the renaming of SSMC back to Singer. As a result the former Singer Corporation was renamed to Bicoastal Corporation. Semi-Tech Global incorporated Singer (former SSMC Ltd.) into Singer N.V. based in Netherlands Antilles owned by the Hong Kong holding company.
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on sewing as a livelihood still suffered from poor wages, which dropped further in response to the time savings gained by machine sewing. Singer offered credit purchases and rent-to-own arrangements, allowing people to rent a machine with the rental payments applied to the eventual purchase of the machine, and sold globally through the use of direct-sales door-to-door canvassers to demonstrate and sell the machines.
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606:. In 1968 also, Singer bought out GPS Systems and added it to the Link Simulations Systems Division (LSSD). This unit produced nuclear power plant control room simulators in Silver Spring, Maryland: Tech Road building for Boiling Water Reactor (BWR), Parkway building for Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) and later moved to Broken Land Parkway in
725:. In 1997, Singer (Singer N.V.) US operations moved its consumer products to LaVergne, Tennessee. This location also served its wholesale distribution of sewing machines and parts. In 2006 The parent company of Singer – Kohlberg & Company, acquired Husqvarna and Pfaff brands. This merged the three brands into the current company the
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421:, sewing machine production gave way to munitions. The Singer Clydebank factory received over 5000 government contracts, and made 303 million artillery shells, shell components, fuses, and aeroplane parts, as well as grenades, rifle parts, and 361,000 horseshoes. Its labour force of 14,000 was about 70% female at war's end.
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factory, Singer built a 200 feet (61 m) clock tower, which stood over the central wing and had the reputation of being the largest four-faced clock in the world. Each face weighed five tons, and it took four men fifteen minutes twice a week to keep it wound. The tower was demolished in 1963, and
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Sales and profits grew until the 1940s. The market was affected in several ways. The US market matured after WWII. European and
Japanese manufacturers ate into the market with zig-zag sewing machines. Under the leadership of Donald P. Kircher, Singer diversified into markets such as office equipment,
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By 1971 Singer was also producing portable/home audio/visual equipment as evidenced by the Singer-branded record and cassette tape players and film-strip viewers that can be found on e.g., eBay. In order to support this venture, Singer sponsored concerts such as the 1971 A&R Studio concerts on
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Singer's marketing emphasized the role of women and their relationship to the home, evoking ideals of virtue, modesty, and diligence. Though the sewing machine represented liberation from arduous hand sewing, it chiefly benefited those sewing for their families and themselves. Tradespeople relying
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with the company name was established in 1907 with connections to adjoining towns and central
Glasgow to assist in transporting the workforce to the facility. Increased productivity came from 'scientific management' techniques which increased workloads whilst keeping salary overheads low, and in
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Singer delivered 500 units to the U.S. government. Although Singer was unable to produce 100 guns a day, which the government contract required, the War
Department was impressed with the quality of their pistols and asked the company to produce navigation and targeting equipment components. The
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With nearly a million square feet of space and almost 7,000 employees, it was possible to produce on average 13,000 machines a week, making it the largest sewing machine factory in the world. The
Clydebank factory was so productive that in 1905, the U.S. Singer Company set up and registered the
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on John Street. The Vice
President of Singer, George Ross McKenzie selected Glasgow because of its iron making industries, cheap labour, and shipping capabilities. Demand for sewing machines outstripped production at the new plant and by 1873, a new larger factory was completed on James Street,
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In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Singer sponsored rock and roll concerts to help advertise a variety of products including a line of Singer record players. The 1971 concert series was broadcast by WPLJ New York from the A&R Recording
Studios and included the Paul Butterfield Blues Band,
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From its opening in 1884 until 1943, the
Kilbowie factory produced approximately 36,000,000 sewing machines. Singer was the world leader and sold more machines than all the other makers added together. In 1913, the factory shipped 1.3 million machines. The late 1950s and 1960s saw a period of
505:. The following April 17, Singer was given an educational order of 500 units with serial numbers S800001 – S800500. The educational order was a programme set up by the Ordnance Board in the U.S. to teach companies without gun-making experience to manufacture weapons.
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406:', took place in support of twelve women polishers, who had seen three staff dismissed, but the workload remained the same with no extra pay. It was significant in its recognition of the rights of women workers and '
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The Singer sewing machine was the first complex standardised technology to be mass marketed. It was not the first sewing machine, and its patent in 1851 led to a patent battle with Elias Howe, inventor of the
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machine. This eventually resulted in a patent sharing accord among the major firms. Marketing strategies included focusing on the manufacturing industry, gender identity, credit plans, and "hire purchases."
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Seatrain, Procol Harum, Incredible String Band, Mother Earth, and
Delaney & Bonnie and Friends. In 1968, Singer sponsored "Singer Presents ... Elvis", commonly referred to as the '68 Comeback Special.
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During the 1980s Singer sewing machine markets were being hit with
Japanese machines and European brands including Bernina, Pfaff, and Viking. In 1986 Singer purchased Dalmo Victor for $ 174m from
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that year. The company demonstrated the first workable electric sewing machine in 1910. Singer was also a marketing innovator and a pioneer in promoting the use of installment payment plans.
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679:) and became CAE-Link. The nuclear power simulator division became S3 Technologies, and later GSE Systems, and relocated to Eldersburg, MD. The Sewing Machine Division was sold in 1989 to
517:. Approximately 1.75 million 1911A1 pistols were produced during World War II, making original Singer pistols relatively rare and collectable. In 2017, one sold at auction for $ 414,000.
802:, completed in 1908, was also designed by Flagg, who designed two landmark residences for Bourne. Constructed during Bourne's tenure, the Singer Building (demolished in 1968 for the
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An archive about the factory, the strike and the history of its business in Scotland, is regarded as a recognised collection of national significance by Museums Galleries Scotland.
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Singer consolidated enough patents in the field to enable him to engage in mass production, and by 1860 his company was the largest manufacturer of sewing machines in the world.
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1904:
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490:, the company suspended sewing machine production to take on government contracts for weapons manufacturing. Factories in the United States supplied the American forces with
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Singer resumed developing sewing machines in 1946. They introduced one of their most popular, highest-quality and fully-optioned machines in 1957, the 401 Slant-o-Matic.
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In 1882, McKenzie, by then President-elect of the Singer Manufacturing Company, undertook the ground breaking ceremony on 46 acres (19 ha) of farmland at Kilbowie,
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1991:
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to build a 12-story loft building at Broadway and Prince Street in Lower Manhattan. The building is now considered architecturally notable, and it has been restored.
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was too busy producing other systems to build the required number of M7's. After testing in September 1940, the Army accepted the Kerrison as the M5, and later, the
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652:
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Press for Conversion! magazine, Issue 53, "Facing the Corporate Roots of American Fascism," March 2004. Published by the Coalition to Oppose the Arms Trade.
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Singer Manufacturing Company Ltd. in the United Kingdom. Demand continued to exceed production, so each building was extended upwards to 6 storeys high. A
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was the building contractor and the factory was designed to be fire proof with water sprinklers, making it the most modern factory in Europe at that time.
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in August 1851 for an improved sewing machine that included a circular feed wheel, thread controller, and power transmitted by gear wheels and shafting.
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In 1867, the Singer Company decided that the demand for their sewing machines in the United Kingdom was sufficiently high to open a local factory in
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defense, and aerospace. While 90% of Singer's revenue was from sewing machines before diversification, this was reduced to 35% after the change.
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By 1876, Singer was claiming cumulative sales of two million sewing machines and had put the two millionth machine on display in Philadelphia.
1523:
Coffin, Judith G. (1994). "Credit, Consumption, and Images of Women's Desires: Selling the Sewing Machine in Late Nineteenth-Century France".
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Singer's original design was the first practical sewing machine for general domestic use. It incorporated the basic eye-pointed needle and
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In 1939, the company was given a production study by the government to draw plans and develop standard raw material sizes for building
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830:, built to serve the factory, is only one of two railway stations in the UK named after a factory, and is still in operation today.
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The Clarks of Cooperstown: Their Singer Sewing Machine Fortune, Their Great and Influential Art Collections, Their Forty-year Feud
2133:
675:). The four Link divisions developing and supporting industrial and flight simulation were sold to Canadian Avionics Electronics (
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Mindell, David A. (April 1995). "Anti-aircraft fire control and the development of integrated systems at Sperry, 1925-40".
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From the American System to Mass Production, 1800–1932: The Development of Manufacturing Technology in the United States
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Godley, Andrew. "Selling the Sewing Machine Around the World: Singer's International Marketing Strategies, 1850–1920",
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1326:. Ishbel Ballantine, Glasgow Labour History Workshop, Clydebank District Library. : Clydebank District Library. 1989.
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In 1978 Singer moved its HQ from Rockefeller Plaza to Stamford, Connecticut. 430 jobs were moved to the new location.
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Jack, Andrew B. "The channels of distribution for an innovation: The sewing-machine industry in America, 1860–1865".
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382:. By that point, Singer employed over 2,000 people in Scotland, but they still could not produce enough machines.
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875:. Singer had manufactured sewing machines in Australia at a purpose-built plant in the western Sydney suburb of
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Wickramasinghe, Nira. "Following the Singer Sewing Machine: Fashioning a Market in a British Crown Colony," in
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In December 1940, Singer won a contract to produce the M5 Antiaircraft Director, a version of the UK-designed
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651:" rescuer appeared. To recover his money, Bilzerian sold off parts of the company. Kearfott was split, the
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1716:"Delaney & Bonnie with Gregg Allman, Duane Allman, and King Curtis live at A&R Studios on 7/22/71"
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414:'. A centenary film was made by the BBC about the female workers who stood up to the American management.
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1860:
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282:). The Singer company began to market its machines internationally in 1855 and won first prize at the
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2412:
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Godley, Andrew. "Singer in Britain: the diffusion of sewing machine technology and its impact on the
1489:"Selling the Sewing Machine Around the World: Singer's International Marketing Strategies, 1850–1920"
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fame) made by another Massachusetts company, Graphic Systems Inc. This division was purchased by
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1879:"General Instrument Corp. annnounced [sic] Tuesday it has agreed to... - UPI Archives"
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Peacefully Working to Conquer the World: Singer Sewing Machines in Foreign Markets, 1854–1920
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apartments and other Manhattan buildings in the 1880s. In 1900, the Singer company retained
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and was the tallest building to be intentionally demolished until the Twin Towers of the
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In 2018, a large factory fire destroyed a Singer distribution office and warehouse in
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rifle receivers, while factories in Germany provided their armed forces with weapons.
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Peacefully working to conquer the world: Singer sewing machines in foreign markets
861:) is officially recognised as an object of Russian historical-cultural heritage.
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2009:
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1578:"When the Singer Sewing Machine Company Built the Best .45 Pistol Ever Made"
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Singer Manufacturing Company, 321 First Street, Elizabeth, Union County, NJ
1826:
1809:
International directory of company histories. Vol. 30 / ed. Jay P. Pederson
252:
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Singer was heavily involved in Manhattan real estate in the 1800s through
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Godley, Andrew. "The Global Diffusion of the Sewing Machine, 1850–1914".
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For several years in the 1970s, Singer set up a national sales force for
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Singer sewing machine info from serial numbers: dates, models, factories
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1720:
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in Manhattan, the tallest in the world at the time of its construction
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1956:
1842:"Singer Co. Is Moving to. Stamford to Surprise of New York Officials"
872:
850:
742:
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in 1988 and renamed Plessey Electronic Systems (and then acquired by
2066:
2148:"SINGER Sewing Assistant App for iPhone & Android | Singer.com"
1971:
Robb, Gregory A.; Times, Special To the New York (March 23, 1989).
1777:
Miller, Matthew; Clifford, Mark L.; Zegel, Susan (August 5, 2002).
1536:
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Joan Perkin, "Sewing Machines: Liberation or Drudgery for Women?"
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348:
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1142:. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp.
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2855:
1250:"The contribution of women in the Singer factory strike of 1911"
746:
714:, It would subsequently be resold in 1989 for $ 175m in cash to
626:
2401:
864:
In 2017, they launched their new Singer Sewing Assistant App.
2896:
1666:"The Singer Brand History – 160+ Years of Sewing | Singer.com"
1254:
The contribution of women in the Singer factory strike of 1911
659:
in 1988 and the Electronic Systems Division was purchased the
509:
pistol tooling and manufacturing machines were transferred to
235:, who won a patent-infringement suit against Singer in 1854.
2134:"Singer Clydebank history on West Dunbarton Council website"
1115:. Charleston: Walker, Evans & Cogswell. 1876. p. 29
1973:"COMPANY NEWS; Semi-Tech Is Winner: $ 38 a Share for SSMC"
647:" run at Singer, and ended up owning the company when no "
369:
Workers leaving Singer sewing machine factory on Clydebank
138:
2397:
2308:
2028:"A WHISTLE-BLOWER TO GET $ 7.5 MILLION IN BIG FRAUD CASE"
721:
Singer N.V. filed bankruptcy in 1999 and was acquired by
536:
anti-aircraft guns, but the gun proved temperamental and
2286:
Metallic Modern: Everyday Machines in Colonial Sri Lanka
1370:"Exclusive pics of 1911 shoot: Singer Factory Strike"
575:
In the 1960s, the company diversified, acquiring the
184:. Best known for its sewing machines, it was renamed
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A Capitalist Romance: Singer and the Sewing Machine
1463:
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1423:"Singer Sewing Machine Factory Kilbowie, Clydebank"
274:" sewing machine, an improvement over contemporary
133:
123:
110:
99:
78:
56:
46:
3270:Historic American Engineering Record in New Jersey
2090:"Style Standard for Early Steel-Framed Skyscraper"
1946:
1944:
1861:"Textron sold its Dalmo Victor division to Singer"
1374:Hopscotch Films | TV & Film Production Company
1135:
3290:Home appliance manufacturers of the United States
2202:Daniel Hilken & Albert Wong (July 1, 2005).
435:Painted Singer Sewing sign in Kingston, New York
1811:. Chicago: St. James Press. 2000. p. 418.
1279:International Sewing Machine Collectors Society
2049:"Singer sewing company to be sold to Kohlberg"
1905:"SINGER ANNOUNCES SALE OF SIXTH BUSINESS LINE"
1518:
1516:
1514:
1479:
1477:
1074:Dictionary of Scottish Architects: Robert Ewan
653:Kearfott Guidance & Navigation Corporation
402:1911, a mass walk out of 10,000 workers, the '
2413:
1225:"The Strike at Singer's by John Maclean 1911"
966:A Singer model 66 with Lotus decals from 1922
410:' and predated the labour movement known as '
8:
2340:Sewing Machines, Historical Trade Literature
1736:"A New Lease of Life for Singer's System 10"
787:, a founder of the company. Clark had built
32:
3255:Manufacturing companies established in 1851
683:, a publicly traded Toronto-based company.
3275:American subsidiaries of foreign companies
3240:Manufacturing companies based in Tennessee
3026:
2420:
2406:
2398:
1859:Archives, L. A. Times (February 4, 1986).
1572:
1570:
1033:Ellis Island: Immigration's Shining Center
38:
31:
2288:. (Berghahn Books, 2014) pp. 16–40.
610:while flight simulators were produced in
464:, Milan 1963. The machine is a model 191.
694:
293:
168:is an American manufacturer of consumer
27:American manufacturer of sewing machines
3260:1851 establishments in New York (state)
2323:Singer's contribution to the war effort
2026:Stevenson, Richard W. (July 15, 1992).
1200:"Red Clydeside: The Singer strike 1911"
1022:
954:A Singer model 12K fiddle-bed from 1878
944:
941:Popular domestic Singer sewing machines
826:the factory itself was closed in 1980.
584:General Precision Equipment Corporation
3250:American companies established in 1851
1992:"BILZERIAN RESIGNS AS SINGER CHAIRMAN"
1347:
2116:"New York Architecture Images – Home"
1173:. Sir Robert McAlpine. Archived from
1087:. Machine-History.Com. Archived from
857:building (situated just opposite the
7:
2388:Historic American Engineering Record
2372:Singer Manufacturing Company Records
2347:Singer Manufacturing company records
699:Woman with Singer sewing machine in
262:In 1885 Singer built a new works at
2263:in the United Kingdom, 1860–1905".
2204:"Semi-Tech's Ting jailed six years"
2088:Gray, Christopher (June 29, 1997).
657:Astronautics Corporation of America
1840:Sterba, James P. (June 14, 1978).
691:Late 20th and early 21st centuries
25:
2343:Smithsonian Institution Libraries
1323:The Singer strike Clydebank, 1911
1112:Fort Moultrie Centennial, Part II
924:Joseph Bernard Flavin (1975–1987)
3197:
3184:
2272:Explorations in Economic History
1744:. September 18, 1979. p. 27
983:
971:
959:
947:
903:George Ross McKenzie (1882–1889)
2179:. July 10, 1989. Archived from
1990:Knight, Jerry (June 30, 1989).
618:WPLJ-New York mentioned above.
452:Marketing before the World Wars
2173:"A Raider's Days of Reckoning"
1300:"Singer Sewing Factory strike"
1275:"Singer Sewing Machine Strike"
936:Stephen H. Goodman (1998–2004)
918:Milton C. Lightner (1949–1958)
671:, and later incorporated into
200:. Its first large factory for
1:
3285:2006 mergers and acquisitions
3280:1989 mergers and acquisitions
2010:"EPA correspondence AR002072"
1632:IEEE Control Systems Magazine
1395:Davies, Robert Bruce (1976).
1011:List of sewing machine brands
1006:History of the sewing machine
921:Donald P. Kircher (1958–1975)
808:tallest building in the world
623:CAT phototypesetting machines
3245:Rutherford County, Tennessee
3235:Vacuum cleaner manufacturers
2256:(2006) 7#2 pp. 266–314.
2247:Research in Economic History
1030:Cunningham, John T. (2004).
853:branch of the company. This
841:, was built in 1902–1904 at
270:) which produced its first "
186:Singer Manufacturing Company
62:; 173 years ago
18:Singer Manufacturing Company
2063:"SVP Group | SingerSA"
1764:"Old Phototypesetter Tales"
1559:Robert S. Clark (1877–1956)
1401:. Arno Press. p. 170.
1168:"A portrait of achievement"
978:A Singer model 99 from 1939
729:. Its main competitors are
528:had previously adopted the
3306:
2377:November 17, 2018, at the
1302:. BBC – Scotland's History
933:Iftikhar Ahmed (1989–1997)
883:List of company presidents
806:development) was then the
681:Semi-Tech Microelectronics
669:Marconi Electronic Systems
639:In 1987, corporate raider
460:Advertising photograph by
3180:
2383:Hagley Museum and Library
2367:Hagley Museum and Library
1741:The Sydney Morning Herald
1605:"Singer Manufacturing Co"
1525:French Historical Studies
1134:Hounshell, David (1984).
894:Inslee Hopper (1863–1875)
600:The Kearfott Company, Inc
342:
37:
2390:(HAER) No. NJ-51, "
2334:serial numbers and dates
2281:(Alfred A. Knopf, 2007).
2254:Enterprise & Society
2208:The Standard (Hong Kong)
1952:"The wrecking of Singer"
1058:"Sewing machine history"
907:Frederick Gilbert Bourne
837:, designed by architect
760:The tower of the former
588:Singer Business Machines
513:whilst some went to the
192:in 1963. It is based in
2317:Singer history timeline
1691:"Machines | Singer.com"
879:, from 1959 until 1967.
849:as headquarters of the
586:in 1968. Friden became
172:, first established as
3113:Frister & Rossmann
2805:Hook-and-loop fastener
2361:June 10, 2020, at the
2356:Singer Company records
2332:Singer sewing machine
2238:Davies, Robert Bruce.
1783:Bloomberg Businessweek
1779:"Dishonored Dealmaker"
1493:Enterprise and Society
1354:: CS1 maint: others (
1036:. Arcadia Publishing.
828:Singer railway station
814:were destroyed in the
780:
765:
723:Kohlberg & Company
704:
604:Link Flight Simulation
572:
465:
448:
447:with electric retrofit
436:
370:
354:
247:
246:for his sewing machine
224:
174:I. M. Singer & Co.
162:
3230:Sewing machine brands
3083:Barthélemy Thimonnier
2277:Weber, Nicholas Fox.
1603:Karash, Karl (2002).
1441:west-dunbarton.gov.uk
1204:gdl.cdlr.strath.ac.uk
913:Sir Douglas Alexander
771:
759:
698:
667:in 1990, renamed GEC-
567:
459:
442:
434:
408:collective bargaining
368:
352:
241:
219:
206:Elizabeth, New Jersey
204:was built in 1863 in
180:with New York lawyer
154:
3193:at Wikimedia Commons
2120:nyc-architecture.com
2069:on November 27, 2020
1911:. UPI. July 19, 1988
994:model 222k from 1954
992:Singer Featherweight
816:September 11 attacks
612:Binghamton, New York
582:company in 1965 and
544:in place of the M1.
194:La Vergne, Tennessee
104:La Vergne, Tennessee
3204:Clothing portal
2468:Fabric tube turning
2267:27.1 (1996): 59–76.
2242:(Arno Press, 1976).
2235:(Lippincott, 1977).
2183:on December 2, 2008
1376:. December 15, 2011
590:which produced the
391:Sir Robert McAlpine
290:Early sales figures
34:
2249:20#1 (2001): 1–46.
2094:The New York Times
2032:The New York Times
1977:The New York Times
1935:The New York Times
1846:The New York Times
1584:. November 2, 2021
1064:on March 28, 2010.
812:World Trade Center
781:
766:
716:General Instrument
705:
608:Columbia, Maryland
573:
538:Sperry Corporation
530:M7 Computing Sight
522:Kerrison Predictor
515:Ithaca Gun Company
492:Norden bomb sights
466:
449:
437:
371:
361:Singer in Scotland
355:
284:Paris World's Fair
276:transverse shuttle
248:
225:
188:in 1865, then the
166:Singer Corporation
163:
33:Singer Corporation
3217:
3216:
3209:Glossary of terms
3189:Media related to
3176:
3175:
3158:Tape edge machine
2577:Embroidery stitch
2261:clothing industry
1865:Los Angeles Times
1789:on August 6, 2002
1644:10.1109/37.375318
1582:Popular Mechanics
1557:Sanders, Richard
1505:10.1093/es/khj037
1408:978-0-405-09270-1
1091:on March 28, 2010
1085:"Sewing Machines"
1043:978-0-7385-2428-3
804:One Liberty Plaza
634:Wang Laboratories
347:
346:
272:vibrating shuttle
149:
148:
16:(Redirected from
3297:
3202:
3201:
3188:
3163:Viking/Husqvarna
3027:
2422:
2415:
2408:
2399:
2351:Newberry Library
2312:
2311:
2309:Official website
2274:9.3 (1957): 113.
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2065:. Archived from
2059:
2053:
2052:
2051:. June 15, 2004.
2045:
2036:
2035:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1948:
1939:
1938:
1937:. July 15, 1986.
1931:"Singer Spinoff"
1927:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1785:. Archived from
1774:
1768:
1767:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1712:
1706:
1705:
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1681:
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1678:
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1662:
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1627:
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1616:
1600:
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1589:
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1555:
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1311:
1309:
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1265:
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1246:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1221:
1215:
1214:
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1210:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1179:
1172:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1141:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1060:. Archived from
1054:
1048:
1047:
1027:
987:
975:
963:
951:
847:Saint Petersburg
777:Saint Petersburg
655:was sold to the
592:Singer System 10
542:Bofors 40 mm gun
294:
255:
250:Singer obtained
145:
142:
140:
70:
68:
63:
42:
35:
21:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3196:
3172:
3071:
3063:
3018:
2977:
2961:
2892:Pattern notcher
2887:Needle threader
2860:
2824:
2768:
2692:
2674:
2641:
2520:
2512:
2498:Heirloom sewing
2473:Floating canvas
2431:
2426:
2381:(1860–1878) at
2379:Wayback Machine
2365:(1851–1990) at
2363:Wayback Machine
2321:Singer in WWII
2307:
2306:
2303:
2265:Textile History
2231:Brandon, Ruth.
2228:
2226:Further reading
2223:
2222:
2212:
2210:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2186:
2184:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2156:
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2109:
2099:
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2087:
2086:
2082:
2072:
2070:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2047:
2046:
2039:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1996:Washington Post
1989:
1988:
1984:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1950:
1949:
1942:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1914:
1912:
1909:Washington Post
1903:
1902:
1898:
1888:
1886:
1885:. July 18, 1988
1877:
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1664:
1663:
1659:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1614:
1612:
1609:coolgunsite.com
1602:
1601:
1597:
1587:
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1576:
1575:
1568:
1556:
1552:
1522:
1521:
1512:
1483:
1482:
1475:
1471:52 (Dec. 2002).
1466:
1455:
1445:
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1435:
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1177:
1170:
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1154:
1133:
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1128:
1118:
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1109:
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1094:
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1083:
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1056:
1055:
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1044:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1002:
995:
988:
979:
976:
967:
964:
955:
952:
943:
898:Edward C. Clark
889:Isaac M. Singer
885:
859:Kazan Cathedral
843:Nevsky Prospekt
800:Singer Building
785:Edward C. Clark
762:Singer Building
693:
661:Plessey Company
594:. GPE included
562:
560:Diversification
550:
503:M1911A1 pistols
484:
454:
419:First World War
399:railway station
363:
353:Old Singer logo
292:
253:patent no. 8294
251:
231:, developed by
214:
202:mass production
182:Edward C. Clark
178:Isaac M. Singer
170:sewing machines
137:
95:
91:Edward C. Clark
86:Isaac M. Singer
66:
64:
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3303:
3301:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3222:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3194:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3079:
3077:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3035:
3033:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2984:Cloth merchant
2980:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2907:Pinking shears
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2846:Textile/fabric
2843:
2838:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2719:Grommet/eyelet
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2665:Seam allowance
2662:
2657:
2651:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2528:
2526:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2488:Gore (fabrics)
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2402:
2396:
2395:
2385:
2369:
2353:
2344:
2336:
2330:
2325:
2319:
2315:Singer Direct
2313:
2302:
2301:External links
2299:
2298:
2297:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2194:
2164:
2139:
2125:
2107:
2080:
2054:
2037:
2018:
2001:
1982:
1963:
1940:
1922:
1896:
1870:
1851:
1832:
1817:
1800:
1769:
1766:. Haagens.com.
1755:
1727:
1707:
1682:
1657:
1638:(2): 108–113.
1622:
1595:
1566:
1550:
1537:10.2307/286691
1531:(3): 749–783.
1510:
1499:(2): 266–314.
1485:Godley, Andrew
1473:
1453:
1428:
1414:
1407:
1387:
1361:
1332:
1313:
1291:
1266:
1241:
1216:
1191:
1180:on May 8, 2016
1159:
1153:978-0801831584
1152:
1126:
1102:
1076:
1067:
1049:
1042:
1021:
1020:
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1015:
1014:
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1008:
1001:
998:
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996:
989:
982:
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977:
970:
968:
965:
958:
956:
953:
946:
942:
939:
938:
937:
934:
931:
928:Paul Bilzerian
925:
922:
919:
916:
910:
904:
901:
895:
892:
884:
881:
692:
689:
641:Paul Bilzerian
561:
558:
549:
546:
511:Remington Rand
483:
480:
453:
450:
445:sewing machine
362:
359:
345:
344:
340:
339:
336:
333:
330:
327:
324:
321:
317:
316:
313:
310:
307:
304:
301:
298:
291:
288:
280:bobbin drivers
222:sewing machine
220:A Singer 1851
213:
210:
190:Singer Company
160:sewing machine
147:
146:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
115:Sewing machine
112:
108:
107:
101:
97:
96:
94:
93:
88:
82:
80:
76:
75:
58:
54:
53:
48:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3302:
3291:
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3281:
3278:
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3263:
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3258:
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3253:
3251:
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3246:
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3233:
3231:
3228:
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3207:
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3200:
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3187:
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3169:
3166:
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3141:
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3119:
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3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3023:Manufacturers
3021:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2958:
2957:Tracing wheel
2955:
2953:
2952:Tracing paper
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2932:Stitching awl
2930:
2928:
2927:Sewing needle
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
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2890:
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2878:
2875:
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2765:
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2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2729:Passementerie
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
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2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
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2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
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2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2463:Embellishment
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
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2441:
2440:
2438:
2434:
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2320:
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2295:
2294:j.ctt9qd0gq.6
2291:
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2258:
2255:
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2237:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2209:
2205:
2198:
2195:
2182:
2178:
2177:Time Magazine
2174:
2168:
2165:
2153:
2149:
2143:
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2129:
2126:
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2117:
2111:
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2029:
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2019:
2011:
2005:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1986:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1967:
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1958:
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1947:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1932:
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1910:
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51:Manufacturing
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30:
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3265:Clark family
3152:
2942:Tape measure
2937:Tailor's ham
2922:Sewing gauge
2800:Hook-and-eye
2572:Cross-stitch
2562:Chain stitch
2557:Catch stitch
2547:Blind stitch
2338:
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2264:
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2211:. Retrieved
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2181:the original
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1229:marxists.org
1228:
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1175:the original
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1117:. Retrieved
1111:
1105:
1095:September 3,
1093:. Retrieved
1089:the original
1079:
1070:
1062:the original
1052:
1032:
1025:
866:
863:
855:modern style
835:Singer House
832:
820:
797:
793:Ernest Flagg
782:
773:Singer House
720:
709:
706:
685:
649:White Knight
638:
620:
616:
587:
574:
554:
551:
534:37 mm gun M1
519:
507:
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488:World War II
485:
482:World War II
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384:
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261:
258:
249:
244:patent model
226:
189:
185:
173:
165:
164:
100:Headquarters
29:
2999:Haberdasher
2917:Seam ripper
2749:Self-fabric
2724:Interfacing
2704:Collar stay
2660:Felled seam
2602:Pick stitch
2567:Coverstitch
2157:October 20,
2096:. p. 7
1700:October 20,
1675:October 20,
1611:. Moore, Ty
930:(1987–1989)
915:(1905–1949)
909:(1889–1905)
900:(1875–1882)
891:(1851–1863)
869:Seven Hills
839:Pavel Suzor
833:The famous
751:Aisin Seiki
673:BAE Systems
665:GEC-Marconi
462:Paolo Monti
268:Robert Ewan
229:lock stitch
176:in 1851 by
3224:Categories
3098:Elias Howe
3059:Simplicity
2994:Dressmaker
2902:Pincushion
2882:Needlecase
2877:Dress form
2836:Grain/bias
2790:Buttonhole
2759:Twill tape
2670:Style line
2597:Pad stitch
2587:Lockstitch
2552:Buttonhole
2532:Backstitch
2436:Techniques
2213:August 15,
2152:singer.com
1695:singer.com
1670:singer.com
1017:References
789:The Dakota
701:East Timor
596:Librascope
580:calculator
568:Singer in
532:for their
496:M1 Carbine
471:lockstitch
233:Elias Howe
118:Upholstery
3049:Clothkits
3039:Butterick
3009:Silkwoman
2974:Suppliers
2829:Materials
2699:Bias tape
2632:Topstitch
2607:Rantering
2582:Hemstitch
2100:August 1,
1793:March 25,
1652:1066-033X
1615:April 15,
1446:March 10,
1380:March 10,
1350:cite book
1306:March 10,
1284:March 10,
1259:March 10,
1234:March 10,
1209:March 10,
1184:April 24,
823:Clydebank
821:At their
731:Baby Lock
727:SVP Group
645:greenmail
636:in 1978.
443:A Singer
387:Clydebank
380:Bridgeton
242:Singer's
198:Nashville
155:A Singer
3138:New Home
3069:Machines
3054:McCall's
3031:Patterns
2912:Scissors
2773:Closures
2754:Soutache
2744:Rickrack
2655:Neckline
2622:Stoating
2592:Overlock
2537:Bar tack
2518:Stitches
2508:Shirring
2375:Archived
2359:Archived
2073:July 20,
1827:8607050M
1437:"Singer"
1342:22625271
1000:See also
779:, Russia
643:made a "
548:Post-war
343:Source:
338:262,316
335:232,444
332:181,260
264:Kilbowie
111:Products
79:Founders
47:Industry
3093:Brother
3088:Bernina
2947:Thimble
2841:Selvage
2764:Wrights
2714:Galloon
2709:Elastic
2683:Notions
2617:Sashiko
2612:Running
2542:Blanket
2453:Darning
2443:Basting
1915:May 17,
1889:May 17,
1748:June 3,
1721:YouTube
877:Penrith
851:Russian
739:Brother
735:Bernina
712:Textron
526:US Army
486:During
417:In the
375:Glasgow
329:43,053
326:10,953
212:History
196:, near
157:treadle
141:.singer
134:Website
65: (
57:Founded
3191:Sewing
3153:Singer
3148:Sewmor
3133:Merrow
3118:Janome
3108:Feiyue
3014:Tailor
3004:Mercer
2989:Draper
2970:Trades
2872:Bobbin
2851:Thread
2820:Zipper
2785:Button
2780:Buckle
2739:Ruffle
2734:Piping
2637:Zigzag
2493:Gusset
2478:Gather
2429:Sewing
2292:
2187:May 1,
1957:Forbes
1825:
1815:
1650:
1545:286691
1543:
1405:
1340:
1330:
1150:
1040:
873:Sydney
743:Janome
703:(2017)
602:, and
577:Friden
524:. The
320:Units
106:, U.S.
3168:White
3143:Pfaff
3123:Jones
3044:Burda
2865:Tools
2810:Shank
2647:Seams
2503:Pleat
2483:Godet
2290:JSTOR
2013:(PDF)
1541:JSTOR
1178:(PDF)
1171:(PDF)
1146:–94.
630:troff
570:Malta
315:1876
312:1873
309:1871
306:1867
303:1859
300:1853
297:Year
124:Owner
3128:Juki
3103:Elna
3074:list
2856:Yarn
2815:Snap
2795:Frog
2688:Trim
2627:Tack
2523:list
2458:Ease
2215:2010
2189:2007
2159:2018
2102:2010
2075:2020
1917:2024
1891:2024
1813:ISBN
1795:2007
1750:2012
1702:2018
1677:2018
1648:ISSN
1617:2019
1590:2022
1448:2022
1403:ISBN
1382:2022
1356:link
1338:OCLC
1328:ISBN
1308:2022
1286:2022
1261:2022
1236:2022
1211:2022
1186:2016
1148:ISBN
1121:2014
1097:2012
1038:ISBN
749:and
747:Juki
627:UNIX
625:(of
494:and
323:810
143:.com
67:1851
60:1851
2897:Pin
2448:Cut
2349:at
1883:UPI
1640:doi
1533:doi
1501:doi
845:in
775:in
677:CAE
139:www
71:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
