48:
277:; toward the south the Wailaki, from whom they were separated by Kekawaka Creek; toward the west the Sinkyone (Sinkine) on Southfork of Eel River. Their dialect resembles the Hupa in its morphology and the Wailaki in its phonology. The majority of them perished during the first few years of the occupancy of their country by white people, a bounty being placed on their heads and the traffic in children for slaves being profitable and unrestrained. A few families of them are still living in the neighborhood of their former homes.
286:
116:
1245:
1010:
108:
249:
943:(1976) suggested a total of 4,700 for the Nongatl, Sinkyone, Lassik, Wailaki, Mattole, and Kato. Martin A. Baumhoff (1958) estimated the aboriginal populations as 2,325 for the Nongatl, 4,221 for the Sinkyone, 1,411 for the Lassik, and 2,760 for the Wailaki, or a total of 10,717 for the four Eel River Athapaskan groups.
854:
K'aa'snaikot-kaiyaah ("arrow-??-creek - band") or
Kekawaka band ("The people on the north side of Kekawaka creek and on the east side of Eel river were known to the Wailaki as kasnaikotkaiya, arrow creek people. North of them were the Lassik. These people joined with the whites in the extermination
855:
of the
Wailaki. That they ever had any political bond with the Wailaki is improbable. They were related by marriage, however, with the iLkodANkaiya, to whose country they came for acorns and buckeyes when their own harvest was short." (Goddard, Hab.Wail.p. 108))
598:
Nee'lhtciichow-kaiyaah ("ground-red-AUG - band") or
Seeghaa'-kaiyaah ("moss (rock-hair) - band"), Shaahnaa'ntcin'chii'-kaiyaah ("stream-dirty-tail - band"); band on eastern side Eel River from McDonald Creek north to mouth of North Fork Eel
265:, the name of their last chief) had about 20 villages and occupied a portion of main Eel River south to Kekawaka Creek, and its east tributaries, Van Duzen River, Larabee, and Dobbyn creeks, as well the headwaters of the
434:
Nin'keniitc-kaiyaah ("earth-middle - band") or Nee'taash-kaiyaah ("landslide - band"); band on western side Eel River from opposite mouth of North Fork Eel River extending about a mile south of there (north of McDonald
843:(Kekawaka and allies, neither Wailaki nor Lassik; language like Wailaki, not Lassik) (both sides Eel River north of Boulder Creek on east side and Chamise Creek on west; north to Lassik border (around Kekawaka Creek))
1176:
Keter, Thomas S. All Those Things that Youāre Liable To Read in the
Ethnographic Literature They Aināt Necessarily So, Paper Presented to The Society for California Archaeology, Modesto, California, March 13,
850:
Ilhkoodin-kaiyaah ("??? - band") or
Yoiyidee'-kaiyaah ("far north - band"); band on eastern side Eel River from Boulder Creek north to Lassik Border? Possibly neither Eel Wailaki or Lassik, but a separate
621:
Seechow-kiiyaahaan ("stone-AUG - band"); band on north and south side North Fork Eel River, next group after the
Seetaandoon'-kaiyaah, extending for about one mile to a little downstream from Wilson Creek
1599:
687:
Seetaandoon'-kaiyaah or
Seetaandoon'chii'-kaiyaah ("stone-goes straight into water(-tail) - band"); band on north side North Fork Eel River from its mouth on Eel River extending about 1/2 mile upstream
847:
Daa'lhsow-kaiyaah ("surface-blue - band", "blue ground people"), band on western side Eel River north of
Chamise Creek, to Lassik border? Possibly not Eel Wailaki or Lassik, but separate people
384:
Daadii'schow-kaiyaah ("grasshopper-big - band") or Daadii'sdin-kaiyaah ("grasshopper-place - band"); band on western side Eel River from opposite mouth of North Fork Eel north to
Natoikot Creek
1233:
958:
217:
776:
T'ohchaah-kiiyaahaan ("grass/prairie-big - band", "prairie large people"), band on both sides of North Fork Eel River from Hull's Creek north to about a mile south of Red
Mountain Creek
576:
Kaiyeeh-kiiyaahaan "(??-under - band"); band on north and south side North Fork Eel River, from Seechow-kiiyaahaan boundary west of Wilson Creek eastward to boundary with Pitch Wailaki
807:
T'ohdinin'-kiiyaahaan ("grass/prairie-slope - band", "prairie slope people"), band on both sides of North Fork Eel River from Hull's Creek southwest to border with North Fork Wailaki
537:
Tciiskot-kaiyaah ("ochre-creek - band") or Toos'aan-kaiyaah ("water-lies - band", "water stands people"); band on eastern side Eel River from Copper Mine Creek north to Boulder Creek
954:
409:
Kaikiitce-kaiyaah ("live oak - band") or Shaahnaa'ndoon'-kaiyaah ("Chamise Creek - band"); band on western side Eel River from Pine Creek at Horseshoe Bend north to Chamise Creek
329:(Pitch Wailaki or Pitch band) (located farther up the North Fork of the Eel River). These regional groupings were divided into several bands and contained almost 100 villages:
1156:, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 190ā204. Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 8, William C. Sturtevant, general editor. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
643:
Seelhgaichow-kaiyaah ("stone-white-AUG - band", "rock white large people"), band on eastern side Eel River from McDonald Creek south to border with Yuki at Big Bend Creek
950:
572:(both sides North Fork Eel from its mouth to about a mile up from Asbill Creek; East side Eel River between Cottonwood Creek and Yuki border (around Blue Rock Creek))
1201:
1192:
662:
Seelhtciichow-kaiyaah ("stone-red-AUG - band", "rock red large people"), band on eastern side Eel River from mouth of North Fork Eel River north to Cottonwood Creek
1226:
347:
Bis-kaiyaah ("slide/riverbank - band") or Ch'inisnoo'-kaiyaah ("Indian Creek - band"); band on eastern side Eel River from Cottonwood Creek north to Willow Creek
237:
word meaning "Athapaskan to the south") lived traditionally in the territory around the Van Duzen River, from its outlet on the Eel River to its headwaters near
47:
1211:
970:
1594:
1219:
1086:
1074:
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 315
1108:
497:
Seeyaadin-kaiyaah or Slaa-kaiyaah ("plural things/rope lies? - band"); band on eastern side Eel River from Willow Creek north to Copper Mine Creek
876:
Seetaalhtciichow-kaiyaah ("pestle-red-AUG - band", "pestle red large people"), band north of Daa'lhsow-kaiyaah, at or near Jewett rock, close to
1589:
273:. They had for neighbors toward the north the Whilkut inhabitants of the valley of Mad River and Redwood Creek; toward the east the Wintu of
144:
715:(North Fork Eel from a mile up from Asbill Creek all the way up to Lassik border (at Salt Creek); includes Hull's Creek and Casoose Creek)
946:
Kroeber estimated the combined population of the Nongatl, Sinkyone, and Lassik in 1910 as 100, and the population of the Wailaki as 200.
457:
Seetaah-kaiyaah or Seetaahbii'-kaiyaah ("stone-among(-in it) - band"); band on western side Eel River from Natoikot north to Pine Creek
1039:
762:
Chowkot-kiiyaahaan ("AUG?-creek - band"); band on North Fork Eel from south of Red Mountain Creek to border with Lassik at Salt Creek
1249:
919:
343:(both sides Eel River from Boulder Creek to Cottonwood Creek, then West side south to Yuki border (around Blue Rock Creek))
1175:
1030:
1000:
SOCIAL STUDIES FACT CARDS CALIFORNIA INDIANS - SOUTHERN ATHAPASKANS - Lassik, Mattole, Nongatl, Sinkyone, Wailaki
274:
167:
961:(formerly: Covelo Indian Community Yuki, Wailaki, Concow, Little Lake Pomo, Nomlacki, and Pit River peoples).
1197:
1604:
1518:
1083:
270:
148:
1105:
916:
Estimates for the pre-contact populations of most native groups in California have varied substantially.
877:
889:
306:
305:("the people") lived in northwestern California, along the Eel River south of Kekawaka Creek and the
266:
238:
171:
719:
Ch'i'aankot-kiiyaahaan ("something's den/cave-creek - band"); band on Hull's Creek and Casoose Creek
980:
858:
K'in'din-kaiyaah ("bow-place - band", "bow people"), band on Jewett Creek (called by the Wailaki
1188:
285:
147:
that traditionally live in present-day Mendocino, Trinity, and Humboldt counties on or near the
1166:
940:
924:
298:
183:
1038:. Contributions to American Ethnology from the C. Hart Merriam Collection. Berkeley, Calif.:
1300:
1052:
163:
83:
79:
53:
31:
999:
1434:
1112:
1090:
1022:
152:
1171:. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 78. Washington, D.C., Volume 1, Page 142-158
1513:
1480:
1305:
975:
936:
210:
179:
513:
K'ai'tc'il'iintaahdin (Christmas berries-among-place); "Christmas berries among place"
115:
1583:
1533:
1485:
1413:
1026:
234:
1407:
1284:
203:
186:
Other related Athapaskan groups neighboring the Eel River Athapaskans included the
99:
1145:
Driver, Harold E. 1937. "Culture Element Distributions: X Northwest California".
1563:
1553:
1418:
1331:
1310:
1270:
1152:
Elsasser, Albert B. 1976. "Mattole, Nongatl, Sinkyone, Lassik, and Wailaki". In
1063:
700:
Seetaandoon'chii' (rock-goes straight into water-tail); "rock runs to the water"
375:
Seedibiintcekinee'din (stone-sharp-DIM-base-place); "rock sharp (?) under place"
290:
242:
525:
Toommischowdaa'din (water-slide-AUG-tip-place); "water slide large point place"
1438:
1386:
1381:
1295:
1265:
1244:
589:
Seeghaakindin (rocks-it floats through-place); "rocks through it (water) goes"
245:
and Larabee Creek (Elsasser 1978; Golla 2011). They had at least 35 villages.
156:
67:
1548:
1452:
1402:
1365:
1280:
1315:
888:
The Sinkyone, with about 70 villages, had the land along the Eel River and
479:
Laashee'lhgottcedin (buckeye-pierced-DIM-place); "buckeye small hole place"
473:
Ch'inaa'ghaan'tc'eedai' (something's eye-?asleep?-door?); "eye closed door"
1497:
1491:
1375:
1360:
1290:
1275:
1260:
932:
1159:
Essene, Frank. 1942. "Culture Element Distributions: XXI Round Valley".
586:
Nooleehchowtaahdin (waterfall-AUG-among-place); "waterfalls large among"
209:
The Whilkut, Nongatl and Lassik were essentially annihilated during the
107:
17:
1523:
1475:
1469:
1429:
1424:
1396:
1344:
1340:
1326:
928:
901:
522:
T'ohch'ilishchowkii' ? (grass-?-AUG-tail); "grass sour large tail"
248:
199:
195:
191:
95:
1206:
1032:
Ethogeographic and Ethnysynonymic Data from Northern California Tribes
445:
Bischowdaadin (stream bank-AUG-mouth-place); "slide large mouth place"
400:
Lhtciishseeyeehbii' (ashes-stone-under-in it); "ashes rock shelter in"
1558:
1507:
1502:
1459:
1444:
550:
Seechowkinee'din (rock-large-base-place); "rock large its base place"
507:
Ch'oolhittcebinin' (graveyard-DIM-its hillside); "graveyard hillside"
470:
Ch'idee'kinee'din (something's horn-base-place); = Seetaahbii' ?
175:
488:
Seenaaghaatcedin (rock-wander-DIM-place); "stones walk around place"
1568:
1543:
1538:
1528:
1391:
1355:
1350:
905:
284:
247:
114:
106:
1140:
The Conflict between the California Indian and White Civilization
1464:
1370:
1336:
798:
T'aantcintaanteelhdin (pepperwood-flat-place); "pepperwood flat"
357:
Daabisch'i'aandin (ant-something's den-place); "ants nest place"
187:
1215:
631:
Seelhtciidaadin (rock-red-mouth-place); "stone red mouth place"
27:
Native American group in northwestern California, United States
372:
Sait'ooyeeh (sand-?-under); winter shelter under Sait'oo cliff
369:
Sait'ohdaadin (sand-?-mouth-place); village near Sait'oo cliff
1064:
California Athapascan Home Page - Northern Wailaki Band Names
653:
Seelhgaichowdin (rock-white-AUG-place); "rock white large..."
519:
T'ighiskotin (cottonwood-trail down); "cottonwood trail down"
516:
Naataalliinkii' (step over-flow-tail); "step over creek tail"
547:
K'ishs'aandin (alder tree-lies-place); "alder stands place"
1131:
Baumhoff, Martin A. 1958. "California Athabascan Groups".
1116:
San Diego State University Library and Information Access.
1094:
San Diego State University Library and Information Access.
1011:
California Athapascan Home Page - Basic Database Searching
959:
Round Valley Indian Tribes of the Round Valley Reservation
634:
Tootak'it (water-between); "between water", a summer camp
467:
Ch'ibeetcekii' (pick grass-DIM-tail); "gather grass tail"
301:
term meaning "north language.") or in their own language
482:
Sait'ootcedaadin (sand-?-DIM-tip-place); "sand point on"
366:
Kotc'ildjildin (he slips down-place); "man slipped down"
325:(North Fork Wailaki or North Fork Eel River band); and
675:
K'ai'lhtciitaahdin (redbud-among-place); "redbud place"
609:
K'ai'lhtciitaahdin (redbud-among-place); "redbud place"
510:
Kaaslinchowdin (spring-AUG-place); "spring large place"
1600:
Native American tribes in Mendocino County, California
892:, and a portion of coastline from Spanish Flat south.
955:
Grindstone Indian Rancheria of Wintun-Wailaki Indians
485:
Seedik'aandin (rock-ridge-place); "rock ridge place"
425:
Naadilyaasdin (pine-young-place); "pine seeds place"
862:- "lung creek") north to Lassik Border on Eel River
786:
K'ishkonteelhdin (alder-valley-place); "alder flat"
89:
73:
61:
826:Aantcinyaashbinin' (pepperwood-small-its hillside)
612:Tseegholkiliinseeyeeh ? (rock-?-?-rock-under)
935:, and Lassik as 2,000, and the population of the
951:Scotts Valley Band of Pomo Indians of California
317:(Eel River Wailaki or Mainstem Eel River band);
1202:Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
1193:Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
1149:1:297-433. University of California, Berkeley.
1135:16:157-238. University of California, Berkeley.
949:Today, some Wailaki people are enrolled in the
908:into baskets and use the leaves to weave mats.
729:Ch'i'aanmiiyeeh (something's den/cave-under it)
363:Dilkitts'oo'kaaliindin (??-milk-flows up-place)
927:(1925:883) proposed a 1770 population for the
394:Baahntceekii (warrior-cry); "war (ghosts) cry"
216:Some Wailaki people are registered members of
1227:
1106:California Indians and Their Reservations: G.
8:
40:
1163:8:197. University of California, Berkeley.
1142:. University of California Press, Berkeley.
971:Eel River Athapaskan traditional narratives
1234:
1220:
1212:
1084:California Indians and Their Reservations.
792:Seelhtcinninyeeh (rock-black?-face?-under)
46:
39:
735:Ch'ilkoochowkinee'din (??-AUG-base-place)
992:
750:T'aan'chowsiidin (leaf-AUG-head?-place)
397:Daadii'schowdin (grasshopper-AUG-place)
360:Daabistciis'aandin (ant-red-lies-place)
823:T'ohchaahdin (grass/prairie-big-place)
678:Seetaatciikaiyaa (stone-??-DIM-tribe?)
422:Dindaidin (flint-place); "flint place"
1169:Handbook of the Indians of California
7:
1323:(Lassik, Nongatl, Sinkyone, Wailaki)
817:Nee'lhghiindin (ground-greasy-place)
789:Naandoon'din (it is straight?-place)
528:Tootcedin (water?, grass?-DIM-place)
174:which is prominently represented in
62:Regions with significant populations
162:These groups speak dialects of the
119:Athapaskan languages in California.
111:Map of the Eel River drainage basin
1040:University of California, Berkeley
738:K'aishkonteelhdin (?-valley-place)
553:tcadEtokInnEdAN (??-??-base-place)
476:Ilhgaichowkii' (??white?-AUG-tail)
202:on the coast to the west, and the
25:
869:Villages (no village names given)
769:Villages (no village names given)
1595:Indigenous peoples of California
1250:Indigenous peoples of California
1243:
697:Seenchiiyeeh; "rock large under"
448:Nin'keniitcit (earth-the middle)
920:Population of Native California
1421:(Monache, Owens Valley Paiute)
904:weave the roots and leaves of
829:Seetcimmii' (stone-kind-in it)
732:Ch'ilkoochowdin (??-AUG-place)
1:
1118:2010 (retrieved 30 June 2010)
1096:2009 (retrieved 27 July 2009)
1590:Eel River Athapaskan peoples
1053:CALIFORNIA ATHABASCAN GROUPS
309:in three main subdivisions:
1621:
1207:ROUND VALLEY INDIAN TRIBES
747:Seetciitciikidaadin ?
252:Lucy Young, a Lassik woman
218:Round Valley Indian Tribes
172:Athapaskan language family
29:
1256:
1138:Cook, Sherburne F. 1976.
753:T'aan'tciighittcin ?
94:
78:
66:
45:
744:Min'k'itdin (pond-place)
275:South Fork Trinity River
168:Pacific Coast Athapaskan
30:Not to be confused with
1519:Plains and Sierra Miwok
1378:(DiegueƱo, Ipai, Tipai)
1161:Anthropological Records
1147:Anthropological Records
1133:Anthropological Records
820:T'antcaanchowdin ?
672:chug/-ge/-tah (Merriam)
832:Laawaasoonk'ait ?
294:
253:
120:
112:
1488:(Konomihu, Okwanuchu)
1321:Eel River Athapaskans
1167:Kroeber, A. L. 1925.
741:Loonbistee'din ?
288:
251:
125:Eel River Athapaskans
118:
110:
1198:Eel River Athabaskan
890:South Fork Eel River
307:North Fork Eel River
267:North Fork Eel River
239:Dinsmore, California
41:Eel River Athabaskan
981:Alaskan Athabaskans
570:North Fork Wailaki
42:
1111:2010-01-10 at the
1089:2009-03-11 at the
884:Sinkyone (Sinkine)
878:Harris, California
795:Sin'aanyeeh ?
295:
254:
198:to the north, the
141:Sinkyone (Sinkine)
121:
113:
1577:
1576:
1027:Heizer, Robert F.
941:Sherburne F. Cook
925:Alfred L. Kroeber
341:Eel River Wailaki
184:southwestern U.S.
166:belonging to the
105:
104:
84:Eel River/Wailaki
52:A Wailaki man by
16:(Redirected from
1612:
1248:
1247:
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1222:
1213:
1200:overview at the
1191:overview at the
1189:Nongatl language
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997:
709:Che-teg-gah-ahng
327:Che-teg-gah-ahng
164:Wailaki language
155:of northwestern
145:Native Americans
98:(historically),
54:Edward S. Curtis
50:
43:
32:Eel River people
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419:Daakostaatcedin
337:Tsen-nah-ken-ne
315:Tsen-nah-ken-ne
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153:Van Duzen River
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323:Bah-ne-ko keah
282:
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213:in the 1860s.
211:Bald Hills War
206:to the south.
180:western Canada
103:
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1042:. p. 94.
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713:Pitch Wailaki
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316:
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308:
304:
300:
297:The Wailaki (
292:
287:
280:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
256:
250:
246:
244:
240:
236:
233:The Nongatl (
228:
223:
221:
219:
214:
212:
207:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
170:group of the
169:
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138:
134:
130:
126:
117:
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101:
97:
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81:
77:
72:
69:
65:
60:
55:
49:
44:
33:
19:
1510:(GabrieliƱo)
1494:(FernandeƱo)
1399:(Bear River)
1320:
1168:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1115:
1101:
1093:
1079:
1070:
1059:
1048:
1031:
1017:
1006:
995:
948:
945:
917:
915:
899:
887:
859:
840:
839:
712:
708:
707:
569:
565:
561:
560:
340:
336:
333:Tsennahkenne
332:
331:
326:
322:
318:
314:
311:Tsennahkenne
310:
302:
296:
262:
261:The Lassik (
260:
241:, and along
232:
215:
208:
161:
140:
136:
132:
128:
127:include the
124:
122:
100:Christianity
37:Ethnic group
1514:TĆ¼batulabal
1332:Halchidhoma
1311:Coast Miwok
1271:Ahwahnechee
896:Ethnobotany
291:Nicole Mann
243:Yager Creek
1584:Categories
1439:Kucadikadi
1382:Lake Miwok
1296:Chemehuevi
1266:Acjachemen
1154:California
1126:References
957:, and the
939:as 1,000.
912:Population
289:Astronaut
182:, and the
157:California
143:groups of
68:California
1549:Wukchumni
1453:Ramaytush
1449:Costanoan
1410:(Klamath)
1403:Mechoopda
1366:Kitanemuk
1301:Chimariko
1281:Bay Miwok
860:Dask'ekot
814:Villages
783:Villages
726:Villages
694:Villages
669:Villages
650:Villages
628:Villages
606:Villages
583:Villages
544:Villages
504:Villages
464:Villages
442:Villages
416:Villages
391:Villages
354:Villages
303:Kinist'ee
271:Mad River
149:Eel River
74:Languages
56:, c. 1924
1498:Timbisha
1492:Tataviam
1376:Kumeyaay
1361:Kawaiisu
1291:Cahuilla
1276:Atsugewi
1261:Achomawi
1109:Archived
1087:Archived
1025:(1976).
965:See also
933:Sinkyone
263:Las'-sik
90:Religion
18:Sinkyone
1524:Vanyume
1481:Serrano
1476:Salinan
1470:Quechan
1430:Nomlaki
1425:Nisenan
1397:Mattole
1387:LuiseƱo
1345:Whilkut
1341:Chilula
1327:Esselen
1306:Chumash
1029:(ed.).
937:Wailaki
929:Nongatl
902:Wailaki
562:Bahneko
319:Bahneko
281:Wailaki
229:Nongatl
200:Mattole
196:Chilula
192:Whilkut
137:Nongatl
129:Wailaki
96:Animism
80:English
1559:Yokuts
1534:Washoe
1508:Tongva
1503:Tolowa
1486:Shasta
1472:(Yuma)
1460:Patwin
1445:Ohlone
1414:Mohave
1316:CupeƱo
1285:Saklan
953:, the
851:people
299:Wintun
257:Lassik
224:Tribes
176:Alaska
139:, and
133:Lassik
1569:Yurok
1544:Wiyot
1539:Wintu
1529:Wappo
1408:Modoc
1392:Maidu
1356:Cahto
1351:Karuk
1036:(PDF)
987:Notes
918:(See
906:Carex
599:River
435:Creek
1564:Yuki
1554:Yana
1465:Pomo
1419:Mono
1371:Kizh
1337:Hupa
1177:2009
900:The
269:and
235:Hupa
204:Kato
188:Hupa
151:and
123:The
711:or
568:or
339:or
321:or
313:or
1586::
1343:,
931:,
922:.)
564:,
335:,
220:.
178:,
159:.
135:,
131:,
82:,
1441:)
1437:(
1347:)
1339:(
1287:)
1283:(
1235:e
1228:t
1221:v
194:-
190:-
34:.
20:)
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