366:. Rifting commenced in the Early Cretaceous, peaked in the Late Cretaceous, and ended in the early Cenozoic, resulting in the triple junction within the basin. The Late Cretaceous rifting event is characterized by formation of a sequence of northwest-trending horsts and grabens that step progressively downward to the east; the Sirte Trough represents the deepest portion of the basin. These horsts and grabens extend from onshore areas northward into a complex offshore terrane that includes the
716:
1341:
1355:
989:
962:
936:
909:
855:
828:
801:
772:
745:
687:
660:
631:
602:
575:
1369:
279:
410:). Oil and gas trapped within the porous rock unit migrate to a high point in the structure because of their low density. In the Sirte Basin the dominant trap style is structural (84 percent), with the remainder considered stratigraphic or a combination of the two. As examples of combined traps, bioherm developments in the Paleocene Zelten Group are found on horst blocks, and clastic
882:
514:
10 m) as of
January 2007) and accounted for roughly 90% of the country's total oil output, which was 1.80 Mbbl/d (286,000 m/d) in 2006. Over twenty-three large oil fields and sixteen giant oil fields occur in the province. Libya's onshore oil has historically been discovered mainly
325:
density of one new field wildcat per 145 km. Overall drilling density of the basin is 3.3 wells per 100 km, with an average field depth of 2,100 m. Recent indications of hydrocarbons within grabens suggest that these areas have potential as well as clastic reservoirs beneath the
446:, magnetic, and gravity data being collected. From 1956 to 1961 giant oil fields were discovered. Libya started exporting oil in 1961 and by 1966 it was the 7th largest oil-producing nation in the world. During 1969, output from the Sirte Basin had even exceeded production from
1273:
Clifford, H.J., Grund, R., and
Musrati, H., 1980, Geology of a Stratigraphic Giant: Messla Oil Field, Libya, in Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade: 1968-1978, AAPG Memoir 30, Halbouty, M.T. editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists,
338:
of a continental rift (extensional) area and is referred to as part of the
Tethyan rift system. According to the designation scheme of Bally and Snelson, it is classified as 1211; a cratonic basin located on earlier rifted grabens on a rigid
189:
generally have roughly equivalent thermal regimes relative to the primary source rock. Along the southwest and west margins of the province are extrusive igneous deposits that tend to diminish the hydrocarbon potential of these areas. The
1291:
Brady, T.J., Campbell, N.D.J., and Maher, C.E., 1980, Intisar 'D' Oil Field, Libya, in Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade: 1968-1978, AAPG Memoir 30, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American
Association of Petroleum Geologists,
405:
In geology, "trap" refers to the stratigraphic or tectonic structural feature that ensures the juxtaposition of reservoir and seal such that hydrocarbons remain trapped in the subsurface, rather than escaping (due to their natural
17:
498:), and ETAP of Tunisia. In 2020, operations were transferred by Wintershall Aktiengesellschaft to Sarir Oil Operations. In August 2021, state-owned company NOC announced plans for resuming operations in the basin.
2216:
1506:
466:. Additional sanctions applied by the US Sanctions Act of 1996 were relaxed in 1999. Since then, American and other foreign oil companies have returned to resume their operations in Libya, led by
1264:
Sanford, R.M., Sarir Oil Field, Libya-Desert
Surprise, in Geology of Giant Petroleum Fields, AAPG Memoir 14, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, p. 449
302:. In a relatively narrow, northern coastal strip, some land areas are as much as 47 m below sea level. The basin is floored by a northwest-southeast-trending mosaic of narrow horsts and
1054:
Due to the debts of companies in the sector, oil production dropped by 300,000 barrels per day in Libya, falling to less than 1 million b/d in April 2021 from 1.3 million the month before.
1201:
1255:
Roberts, J.M., 1970, Amal Field, Libya, in
Geology of Giant Petroleum Fields, AAPG Memoir 14, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, p. 438.
194:
is a relatively small horst block in the eastern Sirte Basin. It is most important and primarily known for the stacked oil fields in rocks ranging from the Early
Cretaceous to
198:
age. There are several billion barrels of oil reserves associated with the structure both over the crest of the horst as well as flanking the high in the adjacent graben.
1499:
169:
Hydrocarbon generation commenced about 50 million years ago (Ma) in the deeper basins, about 40 Ma in many other areas, and may continue to the present day.
434:
interrupted exploration efforts. Competitive bidding for concessions was subsequently permitted by two mineral laws passed in 1953 and 1955, and exploration by
385:. The Pelagian province to the west, particularly the pull-apart basins of the Sabratah Basin and extending along the South Cyrenaica Fault Zone (SCFZ) and the
1492:
1456:
112:), an amount that constitutes 1.7% of the world’s known oil reserves. The basin consists of one dominant total petroleum system, known as the Sirte-Zelten.
1070:
2217:
New
Apterodontinae (Hyaenodontida) from the Eocene Locality of Dur At-Talah (Libya): Systematic, Paleoecological and Phylogenetical Implications
2241:
1838:
1176:
2271:
2266:
422:
The first reported petroleum occurrence in the Sirte Basin was observed in a coastal water well drilled by
Italian colonists during the
423:
2059:
1390:
507:
510:
estimated that the Sirte Basin
Province contains approximately 80% of Libya's total proven oil reserves (41.5 billion barrels (6.60
1311:
1297:
1279:
1394:
2261:
1405:
2231:
1652:
326:
carbonate reservoirs in the Central Sirte Basin. The offshore area beyond 200 m depths is largely unexplored.
2236:
2029:
1003:
2256:
2251:
2246:
1682:
606:
483:
1202:"LIBYA : How the NOC is trying to resurrect the ill-fated Mourzouq and Ghadames oil basins - 30/08/2021"
1971:
455:
335:
343:
and not associated with formation of megasutures. Clifford terms it as an interior fracture basin near the
2049:
2019:
1961:
1750:
1074:
1647:
1039:
with fault blocks discovered from a seismic survey. The Messla Field produces from the Lower Cretaceous
2064:
2044:
1931:
1584:
1244:
1657:
458:. By 1986, the US government ordered remaining US companies to cease activities in Libya. In 1992, the
1823:
1021:
454:
its oil industry in 1973, and some American oil companies began withdrawing in 1982, following a 1981
156:
145:
2188:
1715:
1677:
1672:
1383:
1803:
1014:
2139:
2054:
1946:
1745:
1619:
1562:
1422:
1414:
1043:
Sarir sandstone 27 m thick at a depth of 2682 m. The Intisar 'D' Oil Field produces from an upper
359:
170:
109:
1886:
725:
640:
2203:
2173:
2124:
2119:
1936:
1911:
1901:
1828:
1725:
1662:
1604:
781:
119:
2009:
696:
306:, an important structural characteristic that distinguishes it from the adjacent intracratonic
2144:
2104:
2094:
2079:
2034:
2014:
1951:
1921:
1906:
1853:
1798:
1793:
1778:
1293:
1275:
463:
390:
295:
287:
59:
2099:
2074:
2069:
1999:
1740:
1720:
1667:
1642:
1576:
1557:
1547:
1018:
322:
291:
149:
1002:
1. USGS 2002 (Bbbl = "billion barrels of oil"). 2. LOF = large oil fields (>100 million
58:
and cratonic sag basins along its southern margins. The province extends offshore into the
2168:
2004:
1871:
1843:
1730:
1624:
1609:
1599:
1594:
1521:
1177:"Libya: Operations onshore Sirte Basin transferred to new company | The North Africa Post"
351:
182:
116:
48:
36:
1430:
426:. The Italian government embarked on geologic investigations of the area and produced a
2183:
2134:
2109:
2089:
1991:
1966:
1788:
1735:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1346:
459:
344:
163:
1484:
2225:
2129:
2084:
2024:
1981:
1976:
1768:
1614:
1542:
1530:
1453:
Secondary Carbonate Porosity as related to Early Tertiary Depositional Facies, Zelten
1360:
715:
411:
374:
370:
311:
299:
67:
1941:
1926:
1916:
1861:
1833:
1818:
1813:
1783:
1589:
1552:
1536:
1374:
1340:
515:
within the confines of three major geological trends occurring in the Sirte Basin:
495:
491:
451:
447:
431:
427:
394:
382:
363:
87:
286:
The land area in the Sirte basin is characterized by desert steppes and includes
2039:
1896:
1881:
1808:
1773:
1025:
340:
134:
126:
123:
63:
278:
2178:
2163:
1876:
1634:
1401:
1336:
1029:
1011:
479:
378:
367:
355:
191:
142:
2198:
2193:
2154:
1354:
1044:
1036:
1032:
386:
195:
153:
130:
83:
52:
1475:
Hydrocarbon Habitat of the Oil & Gas fields of North Africa: Sirt Basin
1891:
407:
347:
margin, which characteristically has an axis at an angle to that margin.
315:
138:
33:
29:
362:
that consolidated a number of proto-continental fragments into an early
350:
The area's structural weakness is exemplified by alternating periods of
108: cu ft (1,070 km) of gas, 0.1 bbl (0.016 m) of
1040:
443:
414:
traps such as at Sarir or Messla field are superimposed on structures.
1006:): GOF = giant oil fields (>500 million barrels of oil equivalent).
1866:
1692:
1572:
1442:
Sedimentology & Reservoir Heterogeneities of the Nubian Formation
487:
303:
186:
160:
55:
44:
389:
Platform to the east, is strongly influenced by extensional dextral
1051:
385 m thick, 5 km in diameter, and at a depth of about 2700 m
430:
in 1934. Shows of natural gas were observed in the late 1930s, but
321:
The area of the Sirte Basin occupies about 230,000 km, with a
988:
961:
935:
908:
881:
854:
827:
800:
771:
744:
686:
659:
630:
601:
574:
439:
307:
277:
16:
15:
1760:
1435:
1048:
475:
467:
435:
71:
40:
1488:
2114:
471:
95:
1312:"Libya to study the establishment of several oil refineries"
397:
is the stable continental basement for this rifted basin.
62:, with the northern boundary drawn at the 2,000 meter (m)
1432:
Sirte Basin Province: Sirte-Zelten Total Petroleum System
358:
originating in the Late Precambrian, commencing with the
462:
sanctioned Libya in response to the 1988 bombing of
2153:
1990:
1852:
1759:
1691:
1633:
1571:
1520:
1316:Econostrum | Economic News in the Mediterranean
1024:at a depth of 10,000 feet (3,000 m). The
334:The Sirte Basin province is considered to be a
1500:
1464:Geology of the Nafoora Oil Field, Sirte Basin
373:to the northeast. This plain is underlain by
82:The Sirte Basin ranks 13th among the world's
8:
969:
943:
916:
889:
862:
835:
808:
779:
752:
723:
694:
667:
638:
611:
582:
555:
255:
247:
239:
231:
223:
215:
1507:
1493:
1485:
1071:"NPA Group - Oil and Mineral Study: Libya"
133:range in rock type and age from fractured
1410:, Social & Economic Development Group
1010:The Amal Field produces from the Cambro-
533:
442:, Texas Gulf, and others commenced with
205:
94:10 m) of oil equivalent (36.7
66:contour. It borders in the north on the
1062:
90:estimated at 43.1 billion barrels (6.85
530:Basin petroleum data: selected fields
482:(France), Nimir (Saudi Arabia), WOC (
7:
1839:West and Central African Rift System
924:100,000 bbl/d (16,000 m/d)
704:350,000 bbl/d (56,000 m/d)
137:basement, clastic reservoirs in the
1515:Major African geological formations
870:80,000 bbl/d (13,000 m/d)
47:that was initiated during the late
43:(extensional basin) along northern
1130:A. Bally and S. Snelson (1980) p.9
977:24,000 bbl/d (3,800 m/d)
381:to the north and east beneath the
14:
1391:Energy Information Administration
508:Energy Information Administration
166:usually in the form of bioherms.
51:. It borders a relatively stable
1367:
1353:
1339:
987:
960:
934:
907:
880:
853:
826:
799:
770:
743:
714:
685:
658:
629:
600:
573:
70:and extends south into northern
1385:Dahab Field: Sirte Basin, Libya
1:
1396:Libya: Country Analysis Brief
2242:Sedimentary basins of Africa
1468:Journal of Petroleum Geology
2288:
2272:Cenozoic rifts and grabens
2267:Mesozoic rifts and grabens
1653:Central African Shear Zone
1470:, Vol. 12, p. 353–366
970:
944:
917:
890:
863:
836:
809:
780:
753:
724:
695:
668:
639:
612:
583:
556:
256:
248:
240:
232:
224:
216:
2030:Central Pangean Mountains
1683:Western Meseta Shear Zone
1479:Geology of the Sirt Basin
1446:Geology of the Sirt Basin
1424:Mineral Industry of Libya
1416:Mineral Industry of Libya
1004:barrels of oil equivalent
86:provinces, having proven
1157:T. Ahlbrandt (2002) p.21
1139:A. Clifford (1986) p.336
484:National Oil Corporation
1235:H. Belazi (1989) p. 353
1166:P. Mobbs (2004) p. 19.1
1148:T. Ahlbrandt (2002) p.9
220:Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic
179:1.8 °F/100 ft
148:, and Lower Cretaceous
2050:Eastern Rift mountains
1972:Tanzania Coastal Basin
1751:Terra Australis Orogen
1440:G. Abdulghader (1996),
1407:Libya: Economic Report
1245:Major Discoveries 2001
283:
21:
2065:Great Karas Mountains
2045:Eastern Arc Mountains
1585:Arabian-Nubian Shield
1103:G. Abdulghader (1996)
281:
175:1 °F/100 ft
173:generally range from
19:
2262:Oil fields of Africa
1962:Somali Coastal Basin
1673:Mwembeshi Shear Zone
1429:T. Ahlbrandt (2001)
1094:USGS Bulletin 2202–F
918:Nafoora-Augila Field
502:Petroleum occurrence
393:. To the south, the
391:strike-slip faulting
260:Tethyan Rift System
171:Geothermal gradients
2140:Teffedest Mountains
2055:Ethiopian Highlands
1746:Pan-African orogens
1716:East African Orogen
1648:Broodkop Shear Zone
1620:West African Craton
1563:Victoria Microplate
1310:Dubessy, Frédéric.
1206:Africa Intelligence
1181:northafricapost.com
522:North-central Libya
360:Pan-African orogeny
282:Topography of Libya
241:Dominant trap style
2232:Geography of Libya
2204:List of inselbergs
2174:Jugurtha Tableland
2125:Sankwala Mountains
2120:Rwenzori Mountains
1937:Ouled Abdoun Basin
1932:Orange River Basin
1854:Sedimentary basins
1663:Foumban Shear Zone
1605:Saharan Metacraton
1473:A. Futyan (1996),
1462:H. Belazi (1989),
1451:D. Bebout (1975),
424:Italian-occupation
290:deposits from the
284:
22:
2212:
2211:
2145:Tibesti Mountains
2105:Mitumba Mountains
2095:Mandara Mountains
2080:Imatong Mountains
2035:Chaillu Mountains
2015:Bambouk Mountains
1952:Rio del Rey Basin
1922:Niger Delta Basin
1907:Iullemmeden Basin
1799:Gulf of Suez Rift
1794:East African Rift
1779:Bahr el Arab rift
1726:Gondwanide Orogen
1658:Chuan Shear Zones
1382:C.J Lewis (1990)
1007:
997:
996:
754:Hateiba gas field
613:Dahra-Hofra Field
543:Annual Production
464:Pan Am Flight 103
450:(3 Mmbpd). Libya
418:Petroleum history
296:Kalansho Sand Sea
270:
264:
263:
228:≈230,000 km
60:Mediterranean Sea
2279:
2237:Geology of Libya
2100:Marrah Mountains
2075:Hoggar Mountains
2070:Guinea Highlands
2060:Great Escarpment
1824:Sangha Aulacogen
1741:Mauritanide Belt
1668:Kandi Fault Zone
1643:Aswa Dislocation
1558:Seychelles Plate
1548:Madagascar Plate
1509:
1502:
1495:
1486:
1421:P. Mobbs (2000)
1413:P. Mobbs (2002)
1377:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1349:
1344:
1343:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1307:
1301:
1289:
1283:
1271:
1265:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1247:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1227:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1208:. 30 August 2021
1198:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1173:
1167:
1164:
1158:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1131:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1113:
1110:
1104:
1101:
1095:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1073:. Archived from
1067:
1028:produces from a
1022:Maragh Formation
1019:Early Cretaceous
999:
992:
991:
965:
964:
939:
938:
912:
911:
885:
884:
864:Bu Attifel Field
858:
857:
831:
830:
804:
803:
775:
774:
748:
747:
719:
718:
690:
689:
663:
662:
634:
633:
605:
604:
578:
577:
540:Geological Trend
534:
513:
456:US trade embargo
330:Geologic setting
323:wildcat drilling
266:
252:Triple junction
206:
180:
176:
157:Zelten Formation
150:Nubian Sandstone
146:Gargaf Sandstone
104:
103:
93:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2257:Mesozoic Africa
2252:Jurassic Africa
2247:Cenozoic Africa
2222:
2221:
2213:
2208:
2169:Mount Gorongosa
2149:
2010:Aurès Mountains
2005:Atlas Mountains
1992:Mountain ranges
1986:
1872:Blue Nile Basin
1848:
1844:White Nile rift
1755:
1721:Eburnean Orogen
1687:
1678:Todi Shear Zone
1629:
1625:Zimbabwe Craton
1610:Tanzania Craton
1600:Kalahari Craton
1595:Kaapvaal Craton
1567:
1516:
1513:
1481:: Amsterdam v.2
1448:: Amsterdam v.2
1373:
1368:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1335:
1330:
1320:
1318:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1290:
1286:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1211:
1209:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1185:
1183:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1112:C. Lewis (1990)
1111:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1080:
1078:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1001:
986:
959:
933:
906:
879:
852:
825:
798:
769:
742:
720:ConocoPhillips
713:
684:
657:
628:
599:
572:
532:
519:Western fairway
511:
504:
420:
403:
332:
276:
268:
204:
202:Characteristics
178:
174:
122:is the primary
117:Late Cretaceous
101:
99:
91:
80:
78:Characteristics
49:Jurassic Period
37:triple junction
12:
11:
5:
2285:
2283:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2189:Mont Niénokoué
2186:
2184:Mulanje Massif
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2160:
2158:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2135:Serra da Chela
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2110:Nuba Mountains
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2090:Loma Mountains
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2020:Blue Mountains
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1967:Taoudeni Basin
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1858:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1804:Lamu Embayment
1801:
1796:
1791:
1789:Blue Nile rift
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1765:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1731:Kibaran Orogen
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1706:Cape Fold Belt
1703:
1697:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1639:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1581:
1579:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1539:
1535:Minor plates:
1533:
1529:Major plates:
1526:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1471:
1460:
1449:
1438:
1427:
1419:
1411:
1399:
1388:
1379:
1378:
1364:
1350:
1347:Geology portal
1334:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1302:
1284:
1266:
1257:
1248:
1237:
1228:
1219:
1193:
1168:
1159:
1150:
1141:
1132:
1123:
1114:
1105:
1096:
1087:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1015:Amal Formation
995:
994:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
968:
967:
957:
954:
951:
949:
946:
942:
941:
931:
928:
925:
922:
919:
915:
914:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
888:
887:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
861:
860:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
834:
833:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
807:
806:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
778:
777:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
751:
750:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
722:
721:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
693:
692:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
666:
665:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
637:
636:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
610:
609:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
581:
580:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
554:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
531:
528:
527:
526:
525:Easterly trend
523:
520:
503:
500:
460:United Nations
419:
416:
402:
399:
377:that is being
345:tectonic plate
331:
328:
275:
272:
262:
261:
258:
254:
253:
250:
246:
245:
242:
238:
237:
234:
230:
229:
226:
222:
221:
218:
214:
213:
210:
203:
200:
79:
76:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2284:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2130:Serra da Leba
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2115:Rif Mountains
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2085:Jebel Uweinat
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2025:Cameroon line
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
2000:Aïr Mountains
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1982:Turkana Basin
1980:
1978:
1977:Tindouf Basin
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1947:Reggane Basin
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1769:Afar Triangle
1767:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1736:Kuunga Orogen
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1711:Damara Orogen
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1701:Alpine Orogen
1699:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1615:Tuareg Shield
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1543:Lwandle Plate
1541:Microplates:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1532:
1531:African Plate
1528:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1510:
1505:
1503:
1498:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1365:
1362:
1361:Energy portal
1356:
1351:
1348:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1317:
1313:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1270:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1241:
1238:
1232:
1229:
1223:
1220:
1207:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1154:
1151:
1145:
1142:
1136:
1133:
1127:
1124:
1121:Futyan (1996)
1118:
1115:
1109:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1091:
1088:
1077:on 2007-07-14
1076:
1072:
1066:
1063:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1008:
1005:
990:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
971:En-Naga Field
963:
958:
955:
952:
950:
947:
937:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
910:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
891:Intisar Field
883:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
856:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
829:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
802:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
783:
773:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
746:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
727:
717:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
698:
688:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
661:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
642:
632:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
608:
603:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
576:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
535:
529:
524:
521:
518:
517:
516:
509:
506:In 2007, the
501:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
417:
415:
413:
412:stratigraphic
409:
400:
398:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
375:oceanic crust
372:
371:abyssal plain
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
346:
342:
337:
336:type locality
329:
327:
324:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
300:Sahara Desert
297:
293:
289:
280:
273:
271:
269:1. USGS 2002.
259:
251:
243:
235:
227:
219:
211:
208:
207:
201:
199:
197:
193:
188:
184:
172:
167:
165:
162:
158:
155:
151:
147:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
125:
121:
118:
113:
111:
107:
97:
89:
85:
77:
75:
73:
69:
68:Gulf of Sidra
65:
61:
57:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
35:
31:
27:
18:
2157:(aka koppie)
1956:
1942:Owambo Basin
1927:Ogaden Basin
1917:Murzuq Basin
1887:Douala Basin
1862:Angola Basin
1834:Urema Valley
1819:Red Sea Rift
1814:Muglad Basin
1784:Benue Trough
1590:Congo Craton
1553:Rovuma Plate
1537:Somali Plate
1478:
1474:
1467:
1463:
1452:
1445:
1441:
1431:
1423:
1415:
1406:
1395:
1384:
1375:Libya portal
1333:Bibliography
1321:15 September
1319:. Retrieved
1315:
1305:
1287:
1269:
1260:
1251:
1240:
1231:
1226:EIA 2005 p.2
1222:
1212:15 September
1210:. Retrieved
1205:
1196:
1186:15 September
1184:. Retrieved
1180:
1171:
1162:
1153:
1144:
1135:
1126:
1117:
1108:
1099:
1090:
1079:. Retrieved
1075:the original
1065:
1053:
1009:
998:
810:Messla Field
757:Northcentral
730:Northcentral
726:Nasser Field
701:Northcentral
641:Raguba Field
552:Operator(s)
505:
496:Amerada Hess
452:nationalized
448:Saudi Arabia
432:World War II
428:geologic map
421:
404:
395:Nubian Swell
383:Hellenic arc
364:Gondwanaland
349:
333:
320:
285:
265:
236:Sirte Shale
168:
114:
105:
88:oil reserves
81:
39:continental
25:
23:
20:Map of Libya
2040:Drakensberg
1957:Sirte Basin
1912:Kufra Basin
1902:Gabon Basin
1897:Karoo Basin
1882:Congo Basin
1829:Atbara rift
1809:Melut Basin
1774:Anza trough
1635:Shear zones
1026:Sarir Field
837:Gialo Field
782:Sarir Field
584:Beida Field
557:Samah Field
478:(Germany),
474:(Austria),
341:lithosphere
244:Structural
233:Source rock
135:Precambrian
124:hydrocarbon
120:Sirte Shale
64:bathymetric
26:Sirte Basin
2226:Categories
2179:Mount Mabu
2164:Anti-Atlas
2155:Inselbergs
1877:Chad Basin
1402:World Bank
1298:0891813063
1280:0891813063
1081:2007-09-12
1058:References
1030:Cretaceous
1012:Ordovician
945:Amal Field
697:Waha Field
669:Bahi Field
401:Trap style
368:Ionian Sea
356:subsidence
192:Gialo High
164:carbonates
143:Ordovician
131:Reservoirs
28:is a late
2199:Zuma Rock
2194:Wase Rock
1466:: In the
1047:pinnacle
1045:Paleocene
1037:anticline
1033:Sandstone
792:12.0 Bbbl
549:Discovery
470:(Italy),
387:Cyrenaica
379:subducted
274:Land area
249:Rift Type
225:Land area
217:Formation
209:Statistic
196:Oligocene
154:Paleocene
84:petroleum
53:Paleozoic
1892:El Djouf
1404:(2006),
1300:, p. 543
1282:, p. 507
1017:and the
993:Harouge
966:Harouge
736:2.5 Bbbl
546:Reserves
492:Marathon
408:buoyancy
318:basins.
316:Ghadames
139:Cambrian
34:Cenozoic
30:Mesozoic
1693:Orogens
1577:shields
1573:Cratons
1393:(2007)
1041:fluvial
974:Western
948:Eastern
921:Eastern
894:Eastern
867:Eastern
840:Eastern
813:Eastern
786:Eastern
672:Western
645:Western
616:Western
587:Western
560:Western
444:seismic
304:grabens
298:of the
292:Rebiana
212:Amount
187:grabens
1867:Aoukar
1522:Plates
1459:, v.59
1296:
1278:
1035:in an
1000:Notes:
940:Agoco
832:Agoco
805:Agoco
488:Conoco
352:uplift
314:, and
312:Murzuk
288:eolian
267:Notes:
257:System
183:horsts
161:Eocene
127:source
98:, 37.7
56:craton
45:Africa
1761:Rifts
1477:, in
1444:, in
886:Agip
537:Field
480:Total
440:Mobil
308:Kufra
129:bed.
1575:and
1457:AAPG
1436:USGS
1323:2021
1294:ISBN
1276:ISBN
1214:2021
1188:2021
1049:reef
983:1998
956:1959
930:1965
913:ZOC
903:1967
876:1968
859:WOC
822:1971
795:1961
776:SOC
766:1960
749:SOC
739:1956
710:1961
691:NOC
681:1958
664:SOC
654:1961
635:WOC
579:WOC
476:Veba
468:AGIP
436:Esso
354:and
294:and
185:and
159:and
115:The
72:Chad
41:rift
32:and
24:The
980:Gof
953:Gof
927:Gof
900:Gof
873:Gof
846:Gof
819:Gof
707:Gof
651:Gof
622:Gof
607:NOC
593:Gof
566:Gof
472:OMV
177:to
152:to
110:NGL
96:bbl
2228::
1455::
1314:.
1204:.
1179:.
897:NA
849:NA
843:NA
816:NA
789:NA
763:NA
760:NA
733:NA
678:NA
675:NA
648:NA
625:NA
619:NA
596:NA
590:NA
569:NA
563:NA
494:,
490:,
486:,
438:,
310:,
181:;
102:10
74:.
1508:e
1501:t
1494:v
1325:.
1216:.
1190:.
1084:.
512:×
141:-
106:^
100:×
92:×
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
