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832:. The first launch from Site 32 was conducted from pad 2 on 24 June 1977, with the first from Site 32/1 following on 23 January 1980. The last launch from Site 32/1 occurred on 28 December 2001. Site 32/2 was retired on 30 January 2009, along with the Tsyklon-3. All 122 Tsyklon-3 launches were conducted from the site. 57 launches were recorded as having been from pad 1 and 65 were recorded from pad 2.
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And from 1964, on the basis of rocket connection started the establishment of research proving ground missiles and space weapons. Such conversion were the favourable geographical location and a significant number of systems already deployed by the end of 1964 were on duty, four launchers R-7A, seven
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of
Arkhangelsk Oblast. In the summer of 1963, the state leadership decided to use the Plesetsk launch facilities for launching spacecraft. In September 1963, the Council of Ministers of the USSR 3rd ALM and NIIP converted to "53 minutes Research Proving Ground". Three test management, employees of
922:
configuration—from Site 35/1 on 9 July 2014, flying a successful suborbital test mission. The first orbital launch from the site was the inaugural launch of the Angara A5 on 23 December 2014, which carried a mass simulator. A second orbital test flight of the Angara A5 took place almost six years
889:
Following the cancellation of Zenit launches from
Plesetsk, Russia had originally planned to use parts constructed for Site 35 to repair one of the Zenit pads at Baikonur that had been heavily damaged when a rocket lost thrust and fell back into the flame trench seconds after launch. Instead, the
712:
spokesman
Colonel Alexei Zolotukhin said Russia will spend over 5 billion rubles (US$ 170 million) on the development and expansion of the cosmodrome in 2011. This includes the reconstruction of a local motorway and modernising the energy supply system. New facilities will be built, including a
565:
to the south of
Arkhangelsk. The official birthday of the proving ground was 15 July 1957. That day Colonel Gregorjev assumed his post as the missile unit commander. By 15 July 1961, four missile complexes for R-7 ICBMs were at combat status.
678:
at 28° 31' north). In addition, the high latitude means that lift capacity for boosters launched from
Plesetsk is slightly lower than Baikonur launches. By the 2000s, Russia had completely phased out military launches from Baikonur.
620:, Russian for "peaceful". By 1997, more than 1,500 launches to space had been made from the site, more than from any other launch facility, although the usage has declined significantly since the break-up of the Soviet Union.
493:
485:
477:
965:, an armed missile was placed on Site 41. It would have had a response time of 8–12 hours should an order have been given to launch it. No launches were conducted from Site 41 whilst it was operational.
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missiles, however no launches were conducted from the complex whilst it was operational. After its retirement from service in 1966, it was cannibalised for parts which were needed to repair
430:
placed into high inclination and polar orbits since the range for falling debris is clear to the north which is largely uninhabited Arctic and polar terrain. It is situated in a region of
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670:, which demands rent for its continued use. Plesetsk is not ideally suited for low inclination or geostationary launches because of its high latitude of 62° north (as compared to the
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exploded during fueling operations at Pad 4. The disaster injured dozens more, while damaging the pad so severely that it was not used again until 1984. On 18 June 1987, a
117:
903:
When Russia began development of the Angara rocket, launch pads at both
Plesetsk and Baikonur were planned. Several existing sites at Plesetsk were considered, including
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satellites, which were launched in large numbers during the 1970s-80s, the USSR did not admit to its existence, but it was discovered by
British physics teacher
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government passed the resolution about the foundation of a special military object with the secret name "Angara". This secret object had to be situated in
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missiles. The first launch to use the complex was an R-7A test on 21 December 1965, from Site 43/3. The first launch from 43/4 followed on 25 July 1967.
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in
Arkhangelsk Oblast had a railway station, essential for the transport of missile components. A new town for the support of the facility was named
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608:. Since that time, the rocket base "Angara" has become Plesetsk Cosmodrome. Construction started in 1957 and it was declared operational for
874:. The construction of a Zenit launch complex at Plesetsk was authorised in 1976; however, development did not begin until the completion of
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After its retirement from service as a missile base, it was converted for use as a space launch complex. The first orbital launch was of a
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347:. As of 2024, it is Europe's only operational orbital spaceport and the northernmost spaceport in the world. Originally developed as an
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882:, which was also constructed for Zenit. Construction at Site 35 began in the mid-1980s, but the programme was abandoned following the
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launch site at
Plesetsk in the late 1950s. The Soviet Union did not officially admit the existence of Plesetsk Cosmodrome until 1983.
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test of an R-7A Semyorka missile, on 14 December 1965. The first orbital launch from the complex occurred on 17 March 1966, when a
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2011:
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In 1970, the building of a highly automated launch complex for
Tsyklon-3 booster began at Site 32, which was designed by
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created the "Research Proving Ground missile and space weapons USSR Ministry of Defense" near the Ilez railway station,
367:, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from
202:
1831:
915:; Site 35/1 was determined to be the most suitable. Construction began in 2004 but was not completed until April 2014.
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Work to rebuild the complex began in 1979, and was completed in 1981. The first launch from Site 16 was conducted by a
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charged $ 115 million usage fees annually. Consequently, Plesetsk has seen considerably more activity since the 2000s.
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The use of the cosmodrome will likely increase in the future since there are concerns with security in operating the
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combat duty, tests of rocket and space complexes, holding and processing of telemetry and trajectory measurements.
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satellite launch from Plesetsk on 6 October 1969 was one of the earliest launches observed and photographed from
635:, who carefully analysed the orbit of the Kosmos 112 satellite in 1966 and deduced it had not been launched from
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17 March 1966 was the space birthday of Plesetsk. That day was the first missile launching of the rocket booster
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810:. It consists of a two launch pads, Site 32/1 and Site 32/2, which were used between 1977 and 2009. It has the
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984:. In total, 308 orbital and two suborbital launches were conducted from the complex, using R-7A, Vostok-2,
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PU P-16U, and three PU R-9A. Since then, the landfill has developed in two directions: rocket and space.
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anti-ballistic missile systems are located at the Cosmodrome, at the former launch site of the
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Site 16 has been used for Soyuz-U and Molniya-M launches, and is still in service as of 2012.
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Both pads were damaged by explosions in the 1980s. At 16:01 UTC on 18 March 1980, 48 people
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817:. Site 32 is, along with Site 35 and Site 41 one of three sites under consideration for the
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rocket was designed to be launched primarily from Plesetsk (and also eventually from the
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derived rockets since 1960. It has launched a total of 136 rockets across its lifespan.
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has been tested and launched there, and is seen as eventually replacing the aging RS-18/
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rocket exploded at liftoff on Pad 3. Both were rebuilt, and are in service as of 2009.
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Because Plesetsk was used primarily for military launches, especially Zenit photo
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553:. The first Soviet Combat formation of intercontinental ballistic missiles
17:
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on 15 September 1989. Since this launch, the pad has been disassembled.
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1027:. It consists of a two pads, Sites 43/3 and 43/4, and has been used by
993:
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2231:"Second test launch of Angara-A5 heavy rocket carried out in Plesetsk"
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makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the
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rockets. The last launch to use the complex was of a Soyuz-U with
702:
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705:(SS-18 Satan) that are the backbone of Russia's missile forces.
656:
348:
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2327:
782:
652:
2475:
2008:"Russia Test-Launches New Intercontinental Ballistic Missile"
571:
Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
950:. It consisted of a single pad, Site 41/1, and was used by
537:
under the leadership and supervision of lieutenant general
27:
Spaceport in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, northwestern Russia
2318:
513:
The trajectory of the missile flight from Plesetsk to the
1883:
On 26 June 1973, 9 people were killed by an explosion of
1982:"First Angara rocket launched on suborbital test flight"
843:
at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a launch complex used by
3416:
2034:"Russia to sink $ 170 mln into Plesetsk space center"
549:, Arkhangelsk Oblast. It was named after the town of
457:
are launched from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome. The heavy
317:
529:
Plesetsk Cosmodrome was originally developed by the
3232:
3109:
3087:
3037:
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2857:
2775:
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1916:
project failed to launch and exploded, killing one.
561:had to be located in that place, in thick northern
489:
In the Assembly and test building of the cosmodrome
359:launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high
248:
233:
228:
218:
208:
198:
193:
183:
146:
34:
3483:Buildings and structures built in the Soviet Union
918:The Angara made its maiden flight—in the one-off
497:Transporting the launch vehicle to the launch pad
2209:"Russia's new heavy-lifter rolled to launch pad"
747:at the Cosmodrome. It consists of a single pad,
1390:: R-7, Vostok-2M, Voskhod, Molniya-M, Soyuz-U,
862:Site 35 was originally intended to support the
612:in December 1959. The urban-type settlement of
3478:Buildings and structures in Arkhangelsk Oblast
2097:
2095:
1975:
1973:
968:In 1963, the complex was converted for use by
2491:
2339:
305:
50:
8:
2063:
2061:
2059:
434:, or flat terrain with boreal pine forests.
2256:. Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from
383:, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and
124:
94:
3498:Soviet and Russian space program locations
2517:
2498:
2484:
2476:
2346:
2332:
2324:
972:. The first launch from the complex was a
855:, Site 35/1, which was first used for the
481:Administrative buildings at the cosmodrome
31:
2157:"Angara rocket launches on maiden flight"
1034:The site was originally built for use by
655:had begun to suspect the existence of an
569:In January 1963, a joint decision of the
957:Site 41 was originally built for use by
758:Site 16 was originally built for use by
588:
520:
508:
3508:1957 establishments in the Soviet Union
3423:
1969:
1031:derived rockets since the early 1960s.
954:derived rockets between 1959 and 1989.
465:rockets can only be land-launched from
343:and approximately 200 km south of
75:Great emblem of the Plesetsk Cosmodrome
2176:
2174:
2150:
2148:
2014:from the original on 29 December 2007
1892:48 people were killed by an explosion
1692:: mobile ICBM: Topol/Topol-M/RS-24 –
469:(Zenit may also be launched at sea).
355:missile, it also served for numerous
326:
7:
2183:"Angara launch facility in Plesetsk"
1988:from the original on 23 October 2020
1787:Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site Yubileynaya
693:In May 2007, a new ICBM, called the
2207:Clark, Stephen (19 November 2014).
535:intercontinental ballistic missiles
525:1967 photo from a US spy satellite
25:
2105:Spacecraft Launch Sites Worldwide
2044:from the original on 27 July 2014
1832:Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site Yuzhnaya
851:rocket. The complex has a single
3503:Military installations of Russia
3450:
3438:
3426:
1927:
328:[kəsmɐˈdromplʲɪˈsʲet͡sk]
123:
116:
93:
86:
69:
37:
2314:RussianSpaceWeb.com on Plesetsk
2155:Graham, William (9 July 2014).
884:dissolution of the Soviet Union
785:satellite on 19 February 1981.
1902:, during a fuelling operation.
1023:at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in
946:at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in
890:parts were eventually used on
830:Vladimir Nikolayevich Chelomey
505:ZATO Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast
137:Show map of Arkhangelsk Oblast
1:
3488:Rocket launch sites in Russia
1980:Stephen Clark (9 July 2014).
870:saw as a replacement for the
770:following the explosion of a
339:, about 800 km north of
923:later, on 14 December 2020.
859:of the Angara in July 2014.
826:Omsk Transmash Design Bureau
2661:Japanese private launches:
1781:List of active launch silos
1341:: R-7, Vostok-2M, Voskhod,
701:(SS-19 Stiletto) and RS-20/
318:
291:GPX (secondary coordinates)
203:Russian ministry of defence
3524:
2559:Chinese private launches:
1235:(previous development for
651:, it was learned that the
541:. On 11 January 1957, the
2445:
2362:
2285:Encyclopedia Astronautica
2074:Encyclopedia Astronautica
1887:rocket, ready for launch.
575:USSR Council of Ministers
426:) is used especially for
414:62.9256444°N 40.5778778°E
337:Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast
306:
286:GPX (primary coordinates)
261:Map all coordinates using
80:
68:
61:
51:
46:
2233:. TASS. 14 December 2020
2102:Daphne Burleson (2007).
2010:. Fox. 7 December 2011.
1834:: ICBM: Topol-M/RS-24 –
1789:: ICBM: Topol-M/RS-24 –
1549:: Kosmos-3, Kosmos-3M –
713:dormitory and hospital.
633:Kettering Grammar School
269:Download coordinates as:
3368:Soviet Union / Russia:
1854:62.870510°N 41.780921°E
1809:62.889450°N 41.759721°E
1757:63.008509°N 41.554723°E
1737:: mobile ICBM: Topol –
1712:63.008379°N 41.547953°E
1182:(inactive since 2009):
1133:(inactive since 2001):
799:at the Cosmodrome is a
751:, and has been used by
672:Centre Spatial Guyanais
647:. After the end of the
515:Kura Missile Test Range
1905:On 15 October 2002, a
828:led by Chief Designer
597:
526:
518:
506:
498:
490:
482:
419:62.9256444; 40.5778778
2620:Shahroud Space Center
2159:. NASASpaceflight.com
2131:"Cosmodrome Plesetsk"
961:missiles. During the
592:
533:as a launch site for
524:
512:
504:
496:
488:
480:
281:GPX (all coordinates)
168:62.92556°N 40.57778°E
3493:Spaceports in Europe
3089:International waters
2040:. 7 September 2011.
1943:Vostochny Cosmodrome
1859:62.870510; 41.780921
1814:62.889450; 41.759721
1762:63.008509; 41.554723
1717:63.008379; 41.547953
1049:on 3 December 1969.
963:Cuban Missile Crisis
688:Vostochny Cosmodrome
682:The new all-Russian
676:Kennedy Space Center
631:and his students at
557:of general designer
319:Kosmodrom "Plesetsk"
213:Russian Space Forces
3473:Plesetsk Cosmodrome
3060:Barreira do Inferno
2765:Dombarovsky / Yasny
2565:Wenchang Commercial
2355:Plesetsk Cosmodrome
2080:on 29 December 2007
1984:. Spaceflight Now.
1953:Svobodny Cosmodrome
1948:Baikonur Cosmodrome
1849: /
1804: /
1752: /
1707: /
1662: /
1613: /
1564: /
1519: /
1470: /
1417: /
1360: /
1311: /
1254: /
1201: /
1152: /
1103: /
880:Baikonur Cosmodrome
768:Baikonur Cosmodrome
708:In September 2011,
674:at 5° north or the
666:in now-independent
664:Baikonur Cosmodrome
637:Baikonur Cosmodrome
604:with space vehicle
428:military satellites
410: /
307:Космодром «Плесецк»
302:Plesetsk Cosmodrome
164: /
131:Plesetsk Cosmodrome
101:Plesetsk Cosmodrome
52:Космодром «Плесецк»
35:Plesetsk Cosmodrome
3239:Algeria / France:
2871:Cape Canaveral SFS
2847:Spaceport Cornwall
1935:Spaceflight portal
1890:On 18 March 1980,
1284:(1965–1989): R-7,
1068:List of launchpads
866:rocket, which the
598:
539:Galaktion Alpaidze
527:
519:
507:
499:
491:
483:
209:Controlled by
173:62.92556; 40.57778
107:Show map of Russia
3414:
3413:
3124:Kulasekharapatnam
3105:
3104:
2941:Spaceport America
2473:
2472:
2319:Plesetsk web site
2291:on 20 August 2016
2260:on 7 January 2010
2211:. Spaceflight Now
2133:. RussianSpaceWeb
2115:978-0-7864-2411-5
1900:Tselina satellite
1667:62.887°N 40.850°E
1618:62.887°N 40.847°E
1569:62.883°N 40.872°E
1524:62.883°N 40.869°E
1475:62.910°N 40.694°E
1422:62.929°N 40.457°E
1365:62.927°N 40.450°E
1316:62.941°N 40.529°E
1259:62.927°N 40.575°E
1206:62.906°N 40.790°E
1157:62.907°N 40.787°E
1108:62.960°N 40.683°E
900:launch platform.
803:formerly used by
547:Plesetsk District
316:
256:
255:
16:(Redirected from
3515:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3422:
3393:
3358:Broglio, Malindi
3303:Greifswalder Oie
3295:
3222:
3183:
3162:United Kingdom:
3158:Spaceport Sweden
3027:Reagan Test Site
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
2843:United Kingdom:
2837:
2677:
2642:
2530:
2518:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2477:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2325:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2287:. Archived from
2276:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2227:
2221:
2220:
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2168:
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2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2099:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2076:. Archived from
2065:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
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1937:
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1823:
1821:
1820:Site Yubileynaya
1816:
1815:
1810:
1805:
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1123:
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1120:
1115:
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1109:
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1101:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1011:, also known as
980:rocket launched
934:, also known as
739:, also known as
425:
424:
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408:
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330:
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194:Site information
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41:
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3462:
3461:
3451:
3449:
3439:
3437:
3427:
3425:
3417:
3415:
3410:
3391:
3356:Kenya / Italy:
3331:Salto di Quirra
3293:
3228:
3220:
3193:Clinton-Sherman
3181:
3101:
3083:
3077:Guiana / Kourou
3033:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2995:Mahia Peninsula
2977:Southern Launch
2952:
2946:SpaceX Starbase
2853:
2835:
2771:
2675:
2640:
2528:
2509:
2504:
2474:
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2191:
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2187:RussianSpaceWeb
2180:
2179:
2172:
2162:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2146:
2136:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2116:
2101:
2100:
2093:
2083:
2081:
2067:
2066:
2057:
2047:
2045:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2017:
2015:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1979:
1978:
1971:
1966:
1933:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1880:
1864:
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1485:
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1411:
1408:
1406:
1404:
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1375:
1373:
1369:
1367:
1363:
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1359:
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1326:
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1300:
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1269:
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1263:
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1248:
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1200:
1195:
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1190:
1188:
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1167:
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1161:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1070:
1006:
970:carrier rockets
929:
838:
808:carrier rockets
794:
734:
729:
579:Belsky District
475:
418:
416:
412:
409:
404:
401:
399:
397:
396:
393:
331:) is a Russian
323:
299:
298:
297:
296:
295:
240:
238:
221:the public
220:
172:
170:
166:
163:
158:
155:
153:
151:
150:
142:
141:
140:
139:
136:
135:
134:
133:
132:
128:
111:
110:
109:
106:
105:
104:
103:
102:
98:
76:
62:
57:
49:
42:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3521:
3519:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3447:
3435:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3397:
3388:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3366:
3360:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3313:Tuchola Forest
3310:
3305:
3300:
3290:
3285:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3217:
3216:
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3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3178:
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3154:
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3147:
3139:
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3126:
3120:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3093:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3029:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2898:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2880:Vandenberg SFB
2877:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2841:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2744:
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2731:
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2729:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2693:
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2691:
2672:
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2670:
2659:
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2652:
2637:
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2599:
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2395:
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2376:
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2363:
2360:
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2353:
2351:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2309:
2308:External links
2306:
2303:
2302:
2271:
2244:
2222:
2199:
2181:Zak, Anatoly.
2170:
2144:
2129:Zak, Anatoly.
2121:
2114:
2091:
2055:
2025:
1999:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1903:
1898:rocket with a
1888:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1829:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1732:
1687:
1672:62.887; 40.850
1638:
1623:62.887; 40.847
1589:
1574:62.883; 40.872
1544:
1529:62.883; 40.869
1504:, Kosmos-3M –
1495:
1480:62.910; 40.694
1442:
1427:62.929; 40.457
1385:
1370:62.927; 40.450
1336:
1321:62.941; 40.529
1279:
1264:62.927; 40.575
1226:
1211:62.906; 40.790
1177:
1162:62.907; 40.787
1128:
1113:62.960; 40.683
1069:
1066:
1021:launch complex
1005:
1002:
944:launch complex
928:
925:
837:
834:
801:launch complex
793:
790:
745:launch complex
733:
730:
728:
725:
629:Geoffrey Perry
625:reconnaissance
593:Launch of the
559:Sergei Korolev
474:
471:
392:
389:
365:Molniya orbits
304:(Russian:
294:
293:
288:
283:
278:
272:
266:
259:
258:
257:
254:
253:
250:
246:
245:
235:
231:
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226:
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210:
206:
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196:
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148:
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26:
24:
14:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
3520:
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3471:
3470:
3468:
3458:
3448:
3446:
3436:
3434:
3424:
3420:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3396:
3389:
3387:
3386:El Arenosillo
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3365:
3362:North Korea:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
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3258:
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3251:
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3240:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3218:
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3209:
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3201:
3199:
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3189:
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3185:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3151:
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3143:
3142:
3140:
3136:
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3131:
3127:
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3119:
3115:
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3112:
3108:
3098:
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3092:
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3078:
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3069:
3065:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:South America
3036:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2988:New Zealand:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2908:
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2899:
2897:
2894:
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2892:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:United States
2856:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2825:El Arenosillo
2823:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2720:South Korea:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2707:North Korea:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2577:Satish Dhawan
2575:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2501:
2496:
2494:
2489:
2487:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
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2451:
2448:
2447:
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2405:
2401:
2399:
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2387:
2384:
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2381:
2377:
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2372:
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2365:
2364:
2361:
2356:
2349:
2344:
2342:
2337:
2335:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2275:
2272:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2245:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2210:
2203:
2200:
2188:
2184:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2158:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2132:
2125:
2122:
2117:
2111:
2108:. McFarland.
2107:
2106:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2013:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1912:
1909:carrying the
1908:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1865:Site Yuzhnaya
1833:
1830:
1826:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1646:
1643:: Kosmos-3M,
1642:
1639:
1635:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1454:
1450:
1447:(1967–1969):
1446:
1443:
1439:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1185:
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1036:R-7A Semyorka
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405:40°34′40.36″E
402:62°55′32.32″N
390:
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351:site for the
350:
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60:
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40:
33:
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19:
3277:Resolute Bay
2864:Government:
2811:
2807:Kapustin Yar
2643:government:
2531:government:
2409:
2402:
2390:
2378:
2366:
2357:launch sites
2354:
2293:. Retrieved
2289:the original
2279:Wade, Mark.
2274:
2262:. Retrieved
2258:the original
2252:Mark, Wade.
2247:
2235:. Retrieved
2225:
2213:. Retrieved
2202:
2190:. Retrieved
2186:
2161:. Retrieved
2135:. Retrieved
2124:
2104:
2082:. Retrieved
2078:the original
2068:Wade, Mark.
2046:. Retrieved
2037:
2028:
2016:. Retrieved
2002:
1990:. Retrieved
1958:Kapustin Yar
1345:, Soyuz-U –
1296:, Soyuz-U –
1051:
1045:rocket with
1040:
1033:
1016:
1012:
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1007:
967:
956:
939:
935:
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920:Angara-1.2pp
917:
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868:Soviet Union
861:
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736:
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727:Launch Sites
715:
710:Space Forces
707:
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681:
661:
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599:
584:
568:
531:Soviet Union
528:
439:Soyuz rocket
436:
394:
381:Soviet Union
301:
300:
268:
267:
260:
252:1957-present
229:Site history
219:Open to
48:
29:
3433:Spaceflight
3259:Australia:
3128:Indonesia:
2963:Australia:
2701:Sary Shagan
2650:Tanegashima
2595:Pameungpeuk
2588:Indonesia:
2237:14 December
2215:20 December
2192:20 December
2163:20 December
2038:RIA Novosti
1857: /
1812: /
1760: /
1715: /
1670: /
1621: /
1572: /
1527: /
1478: /
1425: /
1368: /
1319: /
1262: /
1209: /
1160: /
1111: /
1054:were killed
821:programme.
717:PL-19 Nudol
610:R-7 rockets
517:(5,700 km).
417: /
375:. With the
345:Arkhangelsk
335:located in
249:In use
171: /
147:Coordinates
3467:Categories
3308:Peenemünde
3272:Hall Beach
3233:Historical
3174:Sutherland
3097:Sea Launch
3070:/ France:
2990:Rocket Lab
2921:Corn Ranch
2911:Poker Flat
2907:Academic:
2733:Pakistan:
2678:/ Russia:
2674:Kazakhstan
2507:Spaceports
2295:24 October
2281:"Plesetsk"
2070:"Plesetsk"
1964:References
1863: (
1844:41°46′51″E
1841:62°52′14″N
1818: (
1799:41°45′35″E
1796:62°53′22″N
1766: (
1747:41°33′17″E
1744:63°00′31″N
1721: (
1702:41°32′53″E
1699:63°00′30″N
1676: (
1657:40°51′00″E
1654:62°53′13″N
1627: (
1608:40°50′49″E
1605:62°53′13″N
1578: (
1559:40°52′19″E
1556:62°52′59″N
1533: (
1514:40°52′08″E
1511:62°52′59″N
1484: (
1465:40°41′38″E
1462:62°54′36″N
1431: (
1412:40°27′25″E
1409:62°55′44″N
1400:Soyuz-2-1v
1374: (
1355:40°27′00″E
1352:62°55′37″N
1325: (
1306:40°31′44″E
1303:62°56′28″N
1268: (
1249:40°34′30″E
1246:62°55′37″N
1231:(2014- ):
1215: (
1196:40°47′24″E
1193:62°54′22″N
1166: (
1147:40°47′13″E
1144:62°54′25″N
1117: (
1098:40°40′59″E
1095:62°57′36″N
1047:Kosmos 313
982:Kosmos 112
974:suborbital
892:Sea Launch
872:R-7 series
853:launch pad
812:GRAU index
668:Kazakhstan
641:Meteor 1-2
606:Kosmos 112
395:Plesetsk (
385:Kazakhstan
373:Kazakh SSR
159:40°34′40″E
156:62°55′32″N
18:Site 133/3
3395:Kronogård
3296:Germany:
3267:Churchill
3261:Carnarvon
3248:Hammaguir
3224:El Hierro
3203:Ellington
3055:Alcântara
2917:Private:
2753:Vostochny
2748:Roscosmos
2680:Roscosmos
2663:Space One
2655:Uchinoura
2633:Palmachim
1896:Vostok-2M
1885:Kosmos-3M
1878:Accidents
1678:Pad 133/3
1641:Pad 133/3
1629:Pad 133/1
1596:Kosmos-2I
1592:Pad 133/1
1580:Pad 132/2
1547:Pad 132/2
1535:Pad 132/1
1498:Pad 132/1
1486:Pad 131/1
1449:Kosmos-3M
1445:Pad 131/1
1343:Molniya-M
1290:Vostok-2M
1184:Tsyklon-3
1135:Tsyklon-3
1058:Vostok-2M
986:Vostok-2M
909:Site 16/2
905:Site 41/1
805:Tsyklon-3
779:Molniya-M
764:Site 31/6
749:Site 16/2
721:Tsyklon-2
595:Angara A5
443:Cosmos-3M
371:, in the
357:satellite
333:spaceport
313:romanized
188:Spaceport
3380:Svobodny
3342:Nii-jima
3325:Balasore
3317:Greece:
3265:Canada:
3198:Colorado
3184:States:
3169:SaxaVord
3156:Sweden:
3150:Hokkaido
3116:Canada:
3110:Proposed
3066:Europe:
3044:Brazil:
3001:Marshall
2982:Koonibba
2831:Sweden:
2812:Plesetsk
2800:Russia:
2782:Norway:
2746:Russia:
2740:Sonmiani
2689:Baikonur
2639:Japanese
2626:Israel:
2548:Wenchang
2137:17 March
2084:18 March
2042:Archived
2012:Archived
1986:Archived
1921:See also
1914:Foton-M1
1502:Kosmos-3
1433:Pad 43/4
1388:Pad 43/4
1376:Pad 43/3
1339:Pad 43/3
1327:Pad 41/1
1286:Vostok-2
1282:Pad 41/1
1270:Pad 35/1
1229:Pad 35/1
1217:Pad 32/2
1180:Pad 32/2
1168:Pad 32/1
1131:Pad 32/1
1119:Pad 16/2
1074:Pad 16/2
978:Vostok-2
942:, was a
936:Lesobaza
781:with an
774:rocket.
723:rocket.
699:UR-100Ns
649:Cold War
614:Plesetsk
573:and the
551:Plesetsk
467:Baikonur
391:Overview
369:Baikonur
361:latitude
3419:Portals
3401:Edwards
3390:Sweden:
3384:Spain:
3375:Okhotsk
3364:Tonghae
3335:Japan:
3329:Italy:
3323:India:
3283:Guangde
3281:China:
3253:Reggane
3213:Midland
3141:Japan:
3122:India:
3017:States:
3005:Islands
2970:Woomera
2957:Oceania
2926:Pacific
2901:Wallops
2896:Kennedy
2839:Esrange
2818:Spain:
2794:SvalRak
2735:SUPARCO
2570:India:
2553:Xichang
2543:Taiyuan
2538:Jiuquan
2527:Chinese
2264:6 March
2254:"Soyuz"
2048:12 July
1992:10 July
1907:Soyuz-U
1768:Pad 168
1735:Pad 168
1723:Pad 167
1690:Pad 167
1396:Soyuz-2
1392:Soyuz-M
1294:Voskhod
1086:Soyuz-U
1082:Molniya
1062:Soyuz-U
1056:when a
1043:Voskhod
1019:, is a
1009:Site 43
1004:Site 43
994:Soyuz-U
990:Voskhod
932:Site 41
927:Site 41
913:Site 32
897:Odyssey
878:at the
876:Site 45
841:Site 35
836:Site 35
797:Site 32
792:Site 32
772:Soyuz-U
766:at the
743:, is a
737:Site 16
732:Site 16
645:Finland
473:History
451:Tsyklon
379:of the
239: (
63:Russia
3457:Russia
3392:
3370:Kheysa
3347:Obachi
3319:Koroni
3298:Blizna
3294:
3288:Nanhui
3221:
3219:Spain:
3182:
3180:United
3019:
3015:
3013:United
3011:
3007:
3003:
2936:Mojave
2836:
2789:Andøya
2776:Europe
2676:
2641:
2608:Semnan
2601:Iran:
2582:Thumba
2529:
2514:Active
2465:Site T
2437:LC-167
2432:LC-163
2427:LC-161
2422:LC-158
2417:LC-157
2411:LC-133
2404:LC-132
2398:LC-131
2112:
2018:29 May
1233:Angara
1025:Russia
998:Bion 9
948:Russia
911:, and
849:Angara
845:Russia
819:Angara
815:11P868
703:R-36Ms
684:Angara
602:Vostok
543:Soviet
459:Proton
455:Angara
453:, and
341:Moscow
3399:USA:
3352:Ryori
3337:Akita
3243:CIEES
3208:Maine
3188:Cecil
3130:LAPAN
3118:Canso
2714:Sohae
2590:LAPAN
2561:HICAL
2455:PU-11
2450:PL-31
2392:LC-43
2386:LC-41
2380:LC-35
2374:LC-32
2368:LC-16
1894:of a
1645:Rokot
1237:Zenit
864:Zenit
695:RS-24
618:Mirny
563:taiga
463:Zenit
447:Rokot
432:taiga
234:Built
199:Owner
3445:USSR
3406:WSSH
3292:Nazi
3164:UKSA
3145:Oita
3135:Biak
3072:CNES
2965:RAAF
2931:MARS
2891:NASA
2866:USSF
2820:INTA
2784:NOSA
2727:Naro
2722:KARI
2709:NADA
2645:JAXA
2615:IRGC
2572:ISRO
2533:CNSA
2521:Asia
2460:YU-1
2297:2017
2266:2009
2239:2014
2217:2014
2194:2014
2165:2014
2139:2009
2110:ISBN
2086:2009
2050:2014
2020:2007
1994:2014
1453:R-14
1239:) –
1017:SK-4
1015:and
1013:SK-3
992:and
940:SK-1
938:and
741:SK-2
657:ICBM
461:and
437:The
349:ICBM
324:IPA:
241:1957
237:1957
184:Type
3068:ESA
3050:AEB
3046:FAB
3022:DoD
2833:SSC
2802:VKS
2760:VKS
2696:VKS
2684:VKS
2668:Kii
2628:ISA
2603:ISA
1911:ESA
1078:R-7
1029:R-7
952:R-7
894:'s
847:'s
783:Oko
753:R-7
690:).
653:CIA
555:R-7
377:end
353:R-7
276:KML
3469::
3048:/
2884:WR
2882:/
2875:ER
2873:/
2682:/
2283:.
2185:.
2173:^
2147:^
2094:^
2072:.
2058:^
2036:.
1972:^
1647:–
1598:–
1594::
1500::
1455:–
1451:,
1402:–
1398:,
1394:,
1292:,
1288:,
1186:–
1137:–
1088:–
1084:,
1080:,
1076::
988:,
907:,
886:.
639:.
449:,
445:,
441:,
322:,
310:,
224:No
3421::
3009:/
2567:)
2563:(
2499:e
2492:t
2485:v
2347:e
2340:t
2333:v
2299:.
2268:.
2241:.
2219:.
2196:.
2167:.
2141:.
2118:.
2088:.
2052:.
2022:.
1996:.
1867:)
1822:)
1770:)
1725:)
1680:)
1631:)
1582:)
1537:)
1488:)
1435:)
1378:)
1329:)
1272:)
1219:)
1170:)
1121:)
315::
243:)
20:)
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