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allowed to have their food by their mothers till they had first struck it with their sling. Soldiers, notwithstanding their defensive armour, are often more annoyed by the round stones from the sling than by all the arrows of the enemy. Stones kill without mangling the body, and the contusion is mortal without loss of blood. It is universally known the ancients employed slingers in all their engagements. There is the greater reason for instructing all troops, without exception, in this exercise, as the sling cannot be reckoned any encumbrance, and often is of the greatest service, especially when they are obliged to engage in stony places, to defend a mountain or an eminence, or to repulse an enemy at the attack of a castle or city.
1123:"Their offensive weapons include the sling, which they aim very skillfully at the head. Out of small ropes they weave a sort of net-bag, in which to carry stones with an oblong shape, some formed out of a marble stone, and others of clay, hardened in either the sun or fire. They whirl and shoot those so violently. Should it make an impact upon a more delicate part, like the heart, or the head, the man is flattened on the spot. Then, if envy would make them want to burn a house from a distance, they would stuff the perforated side of it with tow burning with a very ferocious fire, which, with a swift movement became a flame, and sail away to seek shelter in enemy houses."
1086:, slings were made from llama wool. These slings typically have a cradle that is long and thin and features a relatively long slit. Andean slings were constructed from contrasting colours of wool; complex braids and fine workmanship can result in beautiful patterns. Ceremonial slings were also made; these were large, non-functional and generally lacked a slit. To this day, ceremonial slings are used in parts of the Andes as accessories in dances and in mock battles. They are also used by llama herders; the animals will move away from the sound of a stone landing. The stones are not slung to hit the animals, but to persuade them to move in the desired direction.
759:, the sling had several advantages; a sling bullet lobbed in a high trajectory can achieve ranges in excess of 400 m (1,300 ft). Modern authorities vary widely in their estimates of the effective range of ancient weapons. A bow and arrow could also have been used to produce a long range arcing trajectory, but ancient writers repeatedly stress the sling's advantage of range. The sling was light to carry and cheap to produce; ammunition in the form of stones was readily available and often to be found near the site of battle. The ranges the sling could achieve with moulded lead
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1018:, has proposed that the holes would cause the bullets to "whistle" in flight and the sound would intimidate opponents. The holed bullets were generally small and thus not particularly dangerous. Several could fit into a pouch and a single slinger could produce a terrorizing barrage. Experiments with modern copies demonstrate they produce a whooshing sound in flight.
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923:. Leaden sling-bullets were widely used in the Greek and Roman world. For a given mass, lead, being very dense, offers the minimum size and therefore minimum air resistance. In addition, leaden sling-bullets are small and difficult to see in flight; their concentrated impact is also a better armour-piercer and better able to penetrate a body.
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there is some more prosaic reason, such as the shape being easy to extract from a mould, or the fact that it will rest in a sling cradle with little danger of rolling out. It is possible as well that the almond, non-circular shape, made the bullet spin in flight in a helicopter or disc like effect adding to the flight distance.
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Braided construction resists stretching, and therefore produces an accurate sling. Modern slings are begun by plaiting the cord for the finger loop in the centre of a double-length set of cords. The cords are then folded to form the finger-loop. The retained cord is then plaited away from the loop as
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At the end of one cord (called the retention cord) a finger-loop is formed. At the end of the other cord (the release cord), it is a common practice to form a knot or a tab. The release cord will be held between finger and thumb to be released at just the right moment, and may have a complex braid to
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Traditional slinging is still practiced as it always has been in the
Balearic Islands, and competitions and leagues are common. In the rest of the world, the sling is primarily a hobby weapon, and a growing number of people make and practice with them. In recent years 'slingfests' have been held in
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The staff sling has a similar or superior range to the shepherd's sling, and can be as accurate in practiced hands. It is generally suited for heavier missiles and siege situations as staff slings can achieve very steep trajectories for slinging over obstacles such as castle walls. The staff itself
974:. Examples of symbols include a stylized lightning bolt, a snake, and a scorpion – reminders of how a sling might strike without warning. Writing might include the name of the owning military unit or commander or might be more imaginative: "Take this", "Ouch", "get pregnant with this" and even "For
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The simplest projectile was a stone, preferably well-rounded. Suitable ammunition is frequently from a river or a beach. The size of the projectiles can vary dramatically, from pebbles massing no more than 50 g (1.8 oz) to fist-sized stones massing 500 g (18 oz) or more. The use
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was a siege engine which uses the power of men pulling on ropes or the energy stored in a raised weight to rotate what was, again, a staff sling. It was designed so that, when the throwing arm of the trebuchet had swung forward sufficiently, one end of the sling would automatically become detached
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Almond-shaped leaden sling-bullets were typically 35 mm (1.4 in) long, 20 mm (0.79 in) wide, and weighs 28 g (0.99 oz). Very often, symbols or writings were moulded into lead sling-bullets. Many examples have been found including a collection of about 80 sling-bullets
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The ancients do not seem to have taken advantage of the manufacturing process to produce consistent results; leaden sling-bullets vary significantly. The reason why the almond shape was favoured is not clear: it is possible that there is some aerodynamic advantage, but it seems equally likely that
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can become a close combat weapon in a melee. The staff sling is able to throw heavy projectiles a much greater distance and at a higher arc than a hand sling. Staff slings were in use well into the age of gunpowder as grenade launchers, and were used in ship-to-ship combat to throw incendiaries.
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Recruits are to be taught the art of throwing stones both with the hand and sling. The inhabitants of the
Balearic Islands are said to have been the inventors of slings, and to have managed them with surprising dexterity, owing to the manner of bringing up their children. The children were not
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Ancient poets wrote that sling-bullets could penetrate armour, and that lead projectiles, heated by their passage through the air, would melt in flight. In the first instance, it seems likely that the authors were indicating that slings could cause injury through armour by a percussive effect
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Now one of the Huns who was fighting before the others was making more trouble for the Romans than all the rest. And some rustic made a good shot and hit him on the right knee with a sling, and he immediately fell headlong from his horse to the ground, which thing heartened the Romans still
1386:, the current record for the greatest distance achieved in hurling an object from a sling is 477.10 m (1,565 ft 3 in), using a 127 cm (50 in) long sling and a 62 g (2.2 oz) dart, set by David Engvall at Baldwin Lake, California, on September 13, 1992.
855:, the energy of a sling-bullet delivered at high velocity causing blunt trauma injury upon impact) rather than by penetration. In the latter case we may imagine that they were impressed by the degree of deformation suffered by lead sling-bullet after hitting a hard target.
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In some cases, the lead would be cast in a simple open mould made by pushing a finger or thumb into sand and pouring molten metal into the hole. However, sling-bullets were more frequently cast in two-part moulds. Such sling-bullets come in a number of shapes including an
1170:) with a short sling at one end. One cord of the sling is firmly attached to the stave and the other end has a loop that can slide off and release the projectile. Staff slings are extremely powerful because the stave can be made as long as two meters, creating a powerful
727:. The sling, easily produced, was the weapon of choice for shepherds fending off animals. Due to this, the sling was a commonly used weapon by the Israelite militia. Goliath was a tall, well equipped and experienced warrior. In this account, the shepherd David persuades
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834:. The cradle is typically diamond shaped (although some take the form of a net), and will fold around the projectile in use. Some cradles have a hole or slit that allows the material to wrap around the projectile slightly, thereby holding it more securely.
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a single cord up to the pocket. The pocket is then plaited, most simply as another pair of cords, or with flat braids or a woven net. The remainder of the sling, the released cord, is plaited as a single cord, and then finished with a knot or plaited tab.
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against the Romans and other enemies. These light troops used three sizes of sling, according to the distance of their opponents. The weapons were made of vegetable fibre and animal sinew, launching either stones or lead missiles with devastating impact.
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792:, each higher than the other, would allow a large number of men to create a hailstorm of stone. Consistent with this, it has been noted that defences are generally narrow where the natural slope is steep, and wider where the slope is more gradual.
2102:, Book 9, Stanza LXXV – "His lance laid by, thrice whirling round his head / The whistling thong, Mezentius took his aim. / Clean through his temples hissed the molten lead, / And prostrate in the dust, the gallant youth lay dead."
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period, is the
Chinese name for staff sling. It consists of a short cord tied to one end of a five chi bamboo pole, and is usually employed in siege defense alongside larger stone throwers. It is depicted and described in the
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quoted a conquistador as saying that an Incan sling "could break a sword in two pieces" and "kill a horse". Some slings spanned as much as 2.2 meters (86 in) long and weighed an impressive 410 grams (14.4 oz).
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The overall length of a sling can vary. A slinger may have slings of different lengths. A longer sling is used when greater range is required. A length of about 61 to 100 cm (2.0 to 3.3 ft) is typical.
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Whereas stones and clay objects thought by many archaeologists to be sling-bullets are common finds in the archaeological record, slings themselves are rare. This is both because a sling's materials are
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to let him fight
Goliath on behalf of the Israelites. Unarmoured and equipped only with a sling, five smooth rocks, and his staff, David defeats the champion Goliath with a well-aimed shot to the head.
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At the centre of the sling, a cradle or pouch is constructed. This may be formed by making a wide braid from the same material as the cords or by inserting a piece of a different material such as
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Strabo writes: "And their training in the use of slings used to be such, from childhood up, that they would not so much as give bread to their children unless they first hit it with the sling."
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has the same mechanical dynamics as the sling, transducing rotational movement into linear projection, although it is not known whether this was an independent invention or not.
618:, while they themselves had neither cavalry nor slingers, and were unable to reach the enemy with their arrows and javelins. This deficiency was rectified when a company of 200
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1055:, the Spanish and Portuguese infantry favoured it against light and agile Moorish troops. The staff sling continued to be used in sieges and the sling was used as a part of
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The sling stone (in its "almond"/ovoid shape) is a vital cultural artifact of
Chamorro culture, enough so, that it was adopted for the Guamian flag and state seal.
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add bulk to the end. This makes the knot easier to hold, and the extra weight allows the loose end of a discharged sling to be recovered with a flick of the wrist.
1270:, it was possible to build the trebuchet on a gigantic scale: such giants could hurl enormous rocks at huge ranges. Trebuchets are, in essence, mechanized slings.
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1174:. Ancient art shows slingers holding staff slings by one end, with the pocket behind them, and using both hands to throw the staves forward over their heads.
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2086:-- "Just as thou seest how motion will o'erheat / And set ablaze all objects, - verily / A leaden ball, hurtling through length of space, / Even melts."
986:, a sling bullet with the Greek inscription "Victory of Heracles and Hauronas" was discovered, the two gods were the patrons of the city during the
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The hilltop location of the wooden forts would have given the defending slingers the advantage of range over the attackers, and multiple concentric
352:—were recovered from South American archaeological sites on the coast of Peru. The oldest-known surviving North American sling—radiocarbon dated to
414:. It was found alongside an iron spearhead. The remains are broken into three sections. Although fragile, the construction is clear: it is made of
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Use of the sling is also mentioned in Second Kings 3:25, First
Chronicles 12:2, and Second Chronicles 26:14 to further illustrate Israelite use.
912:; this allowed a very high consistency of size and shape to aid range and accuracy. Many examples have been found in the archaeological record.
234:, where a projectile is placed. There is a loop on the end of one side of the retention cords. Depending on the design of the sling, either the
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York, Robert & Gigi, "Slings and
Slingstones, The Forgotten Weapons of Oceania and the Americas", The Kent State University Press (2011)
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or the wrist is placed through a loop on the end of one cord, and a tab at the end of the other cord is placed between the thumb and
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1708:"Lead sling bullet; almond shape; a winged thunderbolt on one side and on the other, in high relief, the inscription DEXAI "Catch!""
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1047:. Indeed, slings seem to have been a fairly common weapon in Italy during the 11th and 12th centuries. Slings were also used by the
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Ancient peoples used the sling in combat—armies included both specialist slingers and regular soldiers equipped with slings. As a
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Iron Age
Communities in Britain: An Account of England, Scotland and Wales from the Seventh Century BC until the Roman Conquest
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Some bullets have been found with holes drilled in them. It was thought the holes were to contain poison. John Reid of the
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Braided cords are used in preference to twisted rope, as a braid resists twisting when stretched. This improves accuracy.
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1404:. Classic woolen slings are still in use in the Middle East by Arab nomads and Bedouins to ward off jackals and hyenas.
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The sling was also used in the
Americas for hunting and warfare. One notable use was in Incan resistance against the
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Other shapes include spherical and (by far the most common) biconical, which resembles the shape of the shell of an
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377:. A pair of finely plaited slings were found with other weapons. The sling was probably intended for the departed
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and release the projectile. Some trebuchets were small and operated by a very small crew; however, unlike the
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form closely resembling an acorn; this could be the origin of the Latin word for a leaden sling-bullet:
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is often used for modern slings, because it does not rot or stretch and is soft and free of splinters.
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against modern army personnel and riot police. They were also used in the 2008 disturbances in Kenya.
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17:34–36, probably written in the 7th or 6th century BC, describing events that might have occurred
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A Treatise on the Arts, Manufactures, Manners, and
Institutions of the Greek and Romans, Volumen 2
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1914:"Digital | Attic – Warfare: De Re Militari Book I: The Selection and Training of New Levies"
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Representations of slingers can be found on artifacts from all over the ancient world, including
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and the cradle seems to have been woven from the same lengths of twine used to form the cords.
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The principles of the sling may find use on a larger scale in the future; proposals exist for
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lead sling bullets with a winged thunderbolt moulded on one side and the inscription "ΔΕΞΑΙ" (
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1002:, book 5, about clay shot being heated before slinging, so that it might set fire to thatch.
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Haldon, John F. (1999): "Warfare, State and Society in the Byzantine World, 565-1204, p. 216
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and because slings were lower-status weapons, rarely preserved in a wealthy person's grave.
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Richardson, Thom, "The Ballistics of the Sling", Royal Armouries Yearbook, Vol. 3 (1998)
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The sling is used today as a weapon primarily by protestors, to launch either stones or
301:, but is likely to be much older. It is possible that the sling was invented during the
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Knoppers, Gary, "Is There a Future for the Deuteronomistic History?", In Thomas Romer,
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flung from a leather sling. It was invented in 168 BC and was employed by some of the
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A classic sling is braided from non-elastic material. The traditional materials are
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1241:) is a sling weapon mentioned by Livy and Polybius. It seems to have been a heavy
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Many European, Middle Eastern, Asian, and African peoples were users of slings.
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2199:"Bullets, ballistas, and Burnswark – A Roman assault on a hillfort in Scotland"
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of spacecraft, which functionally is an oversized sling to propel a spaceship.
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reached a terrific competency with a weapon as witness by 17th century Belgian
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The sling is inexpensive and easy to build. Historically it has been used for
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Wyoming, USA, in September 2007 and in Staffordshire, England, in June 2008.
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refers to the inhabitants of three Greek cities on the northern coast of the
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The oldest known extant slings from the Old World were found in the tomb of
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Burgess, E. Martin (June 1958). "An Ancient Egyptian Sling Reconstructed".
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of such stones as projectiles is well attested in the ethnographic record.
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491:) meaning 'take that' or 'catch' on the other side, 4th century BCE, from
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mentions the most famous of ancient skillful slingers: the people of the
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Home-made sling made from braided cord with sewn imitation leather.
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1762:"Attitudes Towards and Use of the Sling in Late Iron Age Britain"
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Norman Warfare in the Eleventh and Twelfth-Century Mediterranean
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The Bible provides a famous slinger account, the battle between
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were amongst the specialist mercenaries extensively employed by
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2116:. University of California Press. pp. 24–25, footnote 44.
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Reinvention: An International Journal of Undergraduate Research
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skirmishers armed with slings and javelins were established by
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of the 1070s portrays the use of slings in a hunting context.
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Trust, finding holed Roman bullets excavated at the Burnswark
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Various Greeks enjoyed a reputation for skill with the sling.
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2537:, William Smith, A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities.
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Reassessing Slingstones. Artefact Services Research Papers 3
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A Tibetan girl guarding a herd of goats slings a small rock.
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Medieval mechanical artillery and hand-held missile weapons
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Sling Braiding of the Andes (Weaver's Journal Monograph IV)
812:. Slings by Balearic islanders were said to be made from a
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Caches of sling ammunition have been found at the sites of
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Sling, home-made from braided cord and red insulating tape.
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Ancient mechanical artillery and hand-held missile weapons
1963:(Jerusalem: International Publishing Company, 1963), 34–35
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William Smith, LLD. William Wayte. G. E. Marindin (1890).
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The oldest representation of a slinger in art may be from
1687:"Project Goliath | Main / UpperPaleolithicNeolithic"
1669:"Image "Soldier with sling. (From the Column of Trajan)""
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in 1155 to suppress the garrison while his own men built
872:, he recorded the felling of a Hun warrior by a slinger:
1796:"LacusCurtius • Strabo's Geography — Book III Chapter 5"
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Arab shepherd boy using a sling, c. 1900–1920, Jerusalem
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Girl using a sling (known locally as a 'Gofan') in India
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The oldest-known surviving slings—radiocarbon dated to
197:). Someone who specializes in using slings is called a
2418:"Second Lawmaker Is Killed as Kenya's Riots Intensify"
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The sling is mentioned as early as in the writings of
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1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus
1521:. Boulder, Colorado: Paladin Press. pp. 60–61.
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made use of sling-launched Molotov cocktails in the
698:, 20:16. This text was thought to have been written
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67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2049:Tools of War: History of Weapons in Medieval Times
982:('take this' or 'catch!') is merely sarcastic. In
862:, the sling had an effective range further than a
705:, but refers to events several centuries earlier.
1093:. These slings were apparently very powerful; in
908:Possible projectiles were also purpose-made from
535:describes further in his account of the siege of
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1150:The staff sling, also known as the stave sling,
970:from 41 BC, to be found in the museum of modern
626:, to project their missiles twice as far as the
890:Sling-bullets of baked clay and stone found at
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1290:) was a staff sling mounted on a pole using a
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2481:"The Sling. Forgotten Firepower of Antiquity"
1621:"Griffith Institute: Carter Archives - p1324"
1603:"Image of sling from the Tomb of Tutankhamen"
1581:. Kent State U. Press. pp. 76, 96, 122.
1079:The sling was known throughout the Americas.
978:'s backside" added insult to injury, whereas
8:
2529:Sports and Pastimes of the People of England
1200:(飃石, lit. 'whirlwind stone'), also known as
1082:In ancient Andean civilizations such as the
305:at a time when new technologies such as the
1673:A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
1424:tanks. Slings were used during the various
1112:Unique amongst most Pacific Islanders, the
507:and others authors talk about its usage by
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1818:"The Iliad of Homer, translated by Cowper"
1564:"A History of Sling Braiding in the Andes"
1141:traction trebuchet next to a staff slinger
1940:The Future of the Deuteronomistic History
1408:used slings to throw grenades during the
1348:Learn how and when to remove this message
781:; some 22,000 sling stones were found at
747:Artistic depiction of a slinger from the
547:among those who used them. For his part,
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
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2000:(4th ed.). Routledge. p. 136.
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1646:"Other uses of textile in ancient Egypt"
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388:Another Egyptian sling was excavated in
293:The sling is an ancient weapon known to
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2468:Journal of the Arms and Armour Society
1185:Medieval staff slingers (stern castle)
935:(literally 'leaden acorns') or simply
751:, famous for the skill of its slingers
272:. Today the sling is of interest as a
2416:Jeffrey Gettleman (1 February 2008).
610:in his history of the retreat of the
405:Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology
173:typically used to hand-throw a blunt
7:
1979:The Bulletin of Primitive Technology
1961:The Art of Warfare in Biblical Lands
1540:
1538:
1330:adding citations to reliable sources
1166:), consists of a staff (a length of
65:adding citations to reliable sources
2514:resources for slinging enthusiasts.
2307:. Flight-toys.com. 18 February 2010
563:were frequent users of slings too.
1839:Salimbeti, Andre (22 April 2014).
1739:. University of California Press.
1493:"Slingshot definition and meaning"
1204:(手砲, lit. hand cannon) during the
27:Ranged weapon to throw projectiles
25:
1865:"Xenophon, Anabasis, chapter III"
1577:York, Robert; York, Gigi (2011).
1294:mechanism to propel projectiles.
763:was surpassed only by the strong
630:slingers, who used large stones.
2326:Jane Penrose (10 October 2005).
1942:, Leuven University Press, 2000
1519:The Sling for Sport and Survival
1306:
177:such as a stone, clay, or lead "
41:
2112:Pritchett, W. Kendrick (1992).
2052:. Alpha Editions. p. 147.
2025:. St. Paul, MN: Dos Tejadores.
1973:Harrison, Chris (Spring 2006).
1867:. Gutenberg.org. 1 January 1998
1735:Pritchett, W. Kendrick (1974).
1317:needs additional citations for
1071:A South American sling made of
1037:Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor
760:
401:William Matthew Flinders Petrie
178:
52:needs additional citations for
2520:The Evolution of Sling Weapons
2305:"Slings from Peru and Bolivia"
2150:. Bloomsbury USA. p. 35.
2114:The Greek State at War: Part V
1975:"The Sling in Medieval Europe"
1843:. Bloomsbury USA. p. 41.
1820:. Gutenberg.org. 5 August 2005
1737:The Greek State at War: Part V
1249:troops of King Perseus in the
690:The sling is mentioned in the
226:A sling has a small cradle or
193:, although elsewhere it means
1:
2488:Journal of Asian Martial Arts
1916:. Pvv.ntnu.no. Archived from
1288:χειρομάγγανον, cheiromanganon
1039:employed slingers during the
721:
699:
466:
408:
371:
353:
346:
313:were beginning to emerge. In
1545:Seager Thomas, Mike (2013).
1022:The sling in medieval period
939:(meaning 'acorns', singular
858:According to description of
652:Greek armies would also use
333:Slingers on Trajan's Column.
215:Masked Palestinian boys use
2479:Dohrenwend, Robert (2002).
2146:Fields, Nic (20 May 2008).
1551:. Lewes: Artefact Services.
866:bow and arrow. In his book
254:towards the target. By its
242:. The sling is swung in an
181:". It is also known as the
2896:
2644:Crew-served stone-throwers
2598:Crew-served arrow-throwers
2524:The Sling – Ancient Weapon
2188:Caesar Bell. Gall. 5,43,1.
426:in a 10-strand elliptical
29:
2584:Greek and Roman artillery
2399:"Ethnic Clashes in Kenya"
2021:Cahlander, Adele (1980).
1287:
656:slingers (ἀκροβολισταί).
2839:Bullet-shooting crossbow
1996:Cunliffe, Barry (2005).
1885:Thomas Dudley Fosbroke,
1579:Slings & Slingstones
915:The best ammunition was
666:. The late Roman writer
446:reliefs, the columns of
256:double-pendulum kinetics
30:Not to be confused with
2084:On the Nature of Things
1798:. Penelope.uchicago.edu
616:Artaxerxes II of Persia
519:also extends it to the
454:, on coins, and on the
434:Ancient representations
422:) twine; the cords are
2531:, Joseph Strutt, 1903.
2439:Bradbury, Jim (1992).
2329:Slings in the Iron Age
2136:Procopius, Persian war
1675:. London: John Murray.
1517:Savage, Cliff (2011).
1406:International Brigades
1383:Guinness World Records
1373:
1365:
1186:
1142:
1076:
901:
879:
752:
725: 10th century BC
683:
573:, who often worked as
500:
334:
284:The sling in antiquity
223:
162:
154:
146:
2779:Crew-served artillery
2046:Ramsey, Syed (2016).
1900:"DBM - Tullian Roman"
1625:www.griffith.ox.ac.uk
1371:
1363:
1184:
1137:
1070:
889:
783:Maiden Castle, Dorset
746:
703: 6th century BC
483:
332:
230:in the middle of two
214:
160:
152:
144:
2589:Torsion siege engine
2378:"Longest sling shot"
2366:. 29 September 2009.
2228:Brown, Paul (2016).
1760:Swan, David (2014).
1656:on 10 December 2006.
1326:improve this article
1251:Third Macedonian war
718:First Book of Samuel
649:as expert slingers.
539:). He also mentions
407:—Petrie dated it to
403:, and is now in the
359:—was recovered from
61:improve this article
2445:Woodbridge, Suffolk
2266:"The Chumash Sling"
2148:Syracuse 415-413 BC
1772:(2). Archived from
1229:(also known as the
1057:large siege engines
1006:"Whistling" bullets
950:nut or a flattened
381:to use for hunting
297:peoples around the
274:wilderness survival
76:"Sling" weapon
2875:Projectile weapons
2722:Repeating crossbow
2441:The Medieval Siege
2405:. 3 February 2008.
2332:. Bloomsbury USA.
2203:Current Archeology
1776:on 5 November 2022
1497:Collins Dictionary
1374:
1366:
1263:traction trebuchet
1187:
1143:
1120:, Pedro Coomans:
1077:
988:Hellenistic period
902:
753:
585:Classical accounts
501:
418:(almost certainly
335:
303:Upper Palaeolithic
224:
163:
155:
147:
2880:Primitive weapons
2862:
2861:
2822:Hand-held weapons
2740:
2739:
2680:Hand-held weapons
2157:978-1-84603-258-5
2123:978-0-520-07374-6
2007:978-0-415-56292-8
1948:978-90-429-0858-1
1850:978-1-78200-776-0
1841:The Carthaginians
1588:978-1-60635-107-9
1528:978-1-58160-565-5
1426:Palestinian riots
1412:. Similarly, the
1410:Spanish Civil War
1402:Molotov cocktails
1400:devices, such as
1391:tether propulsion
1358:
1357:
1350:
1193:(whirlwind stone)
1053:Iberian Peninsula
952:American football
869:Wars of Justinian
686:Biblical accounts
597:Balearic slingers
579:Balearic slingers
278:improvised weapon
212:
171:projectile weapon
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
2887:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2744:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2542:
2495:
2485:
2475:
2462:
2426:
2425:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2384:
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2368:
2367:
2360:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2301:
2295:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2272:. Archived from
2261:
2255:
2249:
2243:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2225:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2143:
2137:
2134:
2128:
2127:
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2103:
2093:
2087:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2018:
2012:
2011:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1970:
1964:
1957:
1951:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1896:
1890:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1732:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1704:
1695:
1694:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1652:. Archived from
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1609:on 3 April 2006.
1605:. Archived from
1599:
1593:
1592:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1542:
1533:
1532:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1489:
1353:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1333:
1310:
1302:
1289:
1041:Siege of Tortona
999:De bello Gallico
964:siege of Perusia
933:glandes plumbeae
749:Balearic Islands
726:
723:
704:
701:
571:Balearic Islands
471:
468:
413:
410:
376:
373:
358:
355:
351:
348:
213:
183:shepherd's sling
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2817:
2774:
2771:
2741:
2736:
2692:Cheiroballistra
2675:
2639:
2593:
2572:
2569:
2508:
2483:
2478:
2465:
2459:
2438:
2435:
2433:Further reading
2430:
2429:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2364:"» Slingstones"
2362:
2361:
2354:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2310:
2308:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2279:
2277:
2264:Paul Campbell.
2263:
2262:
2258:
2250:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2214:
2210:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2158:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2131:
2124:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2094:
2090:
2078:
2074:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2033:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2008:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1958:
1954:
1937:
1933:
1923:
1921:
1920:on 16 July 2012
1912:
1911:
1907:
1898:
1897:
1893:
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1863:
1862:
1858:
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1712:
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1685:
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1680:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1644:
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1629:
1627:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1589:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1544:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1501:
1499:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1473:Centrifugal gun
1434:
1354:
1343:
1337:
1334:
1323:
1311:
1300:
1276:
1259:
1239:cestrosphendone
1231:kestrosphendone
1221:
1211:Ji Xiao Xin Shu
1195:
1148:
1132:
1110:
1101:Charles C. Mann
1065:
1033:Bayeux Tapestry
1029:
1024:
1008:
884:
848:
798:
741:
724:
702:
688:
664:Servius Tullius
587:
478:
476:Written history
470: 7,000 BC
469:
456:Bayeux Tapestry
452:Marcus Aurelius
436:
411:
374:
356:
349:
327:
291:
286:
232:retention cords
204:
191:British English
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2893:
2891:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2867:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2788:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2762:
2755:
2747:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2521:
2515:
2507:
2506:External links
2504:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2476:
2463:
2458:978-0851153575
2457:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2422:New York Times
2408:
2403:New York Times
2390:
2369:
2352:
2338:
2318:
2296:
2287:
2276:on 8 June 2007
2256:
2254:, p. 262.
2244:
2235:
2220:
2208:
2205:. 1 June 2016.
2190:
2181:
2176:www.i24news.tv
2163:
2156:
2138:
2129:
2122:
2104:
2088:
2072:
2059:978-9386101662
2058:
2038:
2032:978-0937452035
2031:
2013:
2006:
1988:
1965:
1959:Yigael Yadin,
1952:
1931:
1905:
1891:
1878:
1856:
1849:
1831:
1809:
1787:
1752:
1745:
1720:
1696:
1678:
1659:
1637:
1612:
1594:
1587:
1569:
1554:
1534:
1527:
1509:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1453:Hawaiian sling
1450:
1445:
1440:
1433:
1430:
1356:
1355:
1314:
1312:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1280:hand-trebuchet
1275:
1274:Hand-trebuchet
1272:
1258:
1255:
1220:
1215:
1194:
1188:
1147:
1144:
1131:
1128:
1109:
1106:
1064:
1061:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1007:
1004:
883:
880:
847:
844:
797:
794:
740:
737:
696:Book of Judges
687:
684:
673:De Re Militari
670:, in his work
586:
583:
527:and even some
497:British Museum
477:
474:
435:
432:
375: 1325 BC
357: 1200 BC
350: 2500 BC
326:
323:
290:
287:
285:
282:
195:something else
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2892:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2849:Skåne lockbow
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2768:
2763:
2761:
2756:
2754:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2733:
2732:Spear-thrower
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2610:Carroballista
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2577:Generic terms
2575:
2566:
2561:
2559:
2554:
2552:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2518:Sling Weapons
2516:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2477:
2474:(10): 226–30.
2473:
2469:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2450:
2449:Boydell Press
2446:
2442:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2423:
2419:
2412:
2409:
2404:
2400:
2394:
2391:
2379:
2373:
2370:
2365:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2341:
2339:9781841769325
2335:
2331:
2330:
2322:
2319:
2306:
2300:
2297:
2294:Mann, pg. 84.
2291:
2288:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2252:Bradbury 1992
2248:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2231:
2224:
2221:
2218:, p. 89.
2217:
2216:Bradbury 1992
2212:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2159:
2153:
2149:
2142:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2125:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2092:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2073:
2061:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2042:
2039:
2034:
2028:
2024:
2017:
2014:
2009:
2003:
1999:
1992:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1932:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1879:
1866:
1860:
1857:
1852:
1846:
1842:
1835:
1832:
1819:
1813:
1810:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1756:
1753:
1748:
1746:9780520073746
1742:
1738:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1709:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1682:
1679:
1674:
1670:
1663:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1650:www.ucl.ac.uk
1647:
1641:
1638:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1595:
1590:
1584:
1580:
1573:
1570:
1565:
1562:Makiko Tada.
1558:
1555:
1550:
1549:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1510:
1498:
1494:
1488:
1485:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1448:Bow and arrow
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1392:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1380:According to
1378:
1370:
1362:
1352:
1349:
1341:
1338:December 2023
1331:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1315:This section
1313:
1309:
1304:
1303:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1285:
1281:
1273:
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2796:Torsion myth
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2702:Gastraphetes
2512:Slinging.org
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54:verification
51:
18:Sling bullet
2494:(2): 28–49.
2270:ABOtech.com
1780:31 December
1463:Swiss arrow
1146:Staff sling
1084:Inca Empire
929:ellipsoidal
639:Acarnanians
575:mercenaries
557:Phoenicians
525:Lusitanians
399:in 1914 by
370:, who died
368:Tutankhamun
325:Archaeology
2869:Categories
2717:Mesangylon
2656:Lithobolos
2383:25 October
2100:The Aeneid
1630:27 October
1418:Winter War
1398:incendiary
1247:Macedonian
1152:fustibalus
1118:missionary
1049:Byzantines
1012:Trimontium
996:writes in
882:Ammunition
775:hill forts
635:Thucydides
505:Thucydides
463:Çatalhöyük
416:bast fibre
363:, Nevada.
248:inertially
240:forefinger
175:projectile
87:newspapers
2813:Trebuchet
2808:Springald
2671:Trebuchet
2630:Polybolos
2615:Catapulta
2172:"i24NEWS"
2080:Lucretius
1950:, p. 119.
1479:Footnotes
1468:Trebuchet
1458:Slingshot
1160:fustibale
1051:. On the
962:from the
898:hill fort
860:Procopius
818:Polyester
716:from the
676:, wrote:
551:includes
394:Al Fayyum
315:Australia
295:Neolithic
187:slingshot
32:Slingshot
2844:Crossbow
2829:Arbalest
2791:Mangonel
2786:Catapult
2697:Crossbow
2661:Mangonel
2651:Catapult
2620:Oxybeles
2605:Ballista
1713:30 April
1432:See also
1420:against
1213:(紀效新書).
1202:Shou Pao
1198:Piao Shi
1191:Piao Shi
1139:Medieval
1130:Variants
1114:Chamorro
1016:hillfort
895:Iron Age
892:Ham Hill
790:ramparts
772:Iron Age
668:Vegetius
624:Xenophon
620:Rhodians
608:Xenophon
601:Carthage
549:Diodorus
541:Persians
521:Iberians
444:Egyptian
440:Assyrian
390:El-Lahun
309:and the
2712:Kestros
2707:Javelin
2635:Scorpio
2345:30 June
1438:Amentum
1235:cestrus
1226:kestros
1218:Kestros
1158:), and
972:Perugia
968:Etruria
937:glandes
832:leather
714:Goliath
654:mounted
628:Persian
561:Britons
553:Libyans
531:(which
465:, from
424:braided
379:pharaoh
319:woomera
289:Origins
268:and in
263:hunting
199:slinger
101:scholar
2666:Onager
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2096:Virgil
2065:8 July
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1946:
1889:, 1835
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1443:Atlatl
1422:Soviet
1268:onager
1237:, or
1164:French
1073:alpaca
1027:Europe
976:Pompey
948:almond
846:Impact
779:Europe
757:weapon
739:Combat
537:Bibrax
533:Caesar
517:Strabo
515:, and
513:Romans
509:Greeks
493:Athens
448:Trajan
428:sennit
317:, the
270:combat
221:Ni'lin
217:slings
103:
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2854:Sling
2803:Oyumi
2727:Sling
2625:Oyumi
2535:Funda
2484:(PDF)
1502:5 May
1414:Finns
1298:Today
1292:lever
1284:Greek
1172:lever
1156:Latin
984:Yavne
980:dexai
941:glans
919:from
877:more.
710:David
692:Bible
660:Roman
591:Homer
577:. Of
545:Arabs
529:Gauls
489:Dexai
397:Egypt
228:pouch
169:is a
167:sling
108:JSTOR
94:books
2453:ISBN
2385:2023
2347:2010
2334:ISBN
2313:2010
2282:2007
2152:ISBN
2118:ISBN
2067:2019
2054:ISBN
2027:ISBN
2002:ISBN
1944:ISBN
1926:2010
1873:2010
1845:ISBN
1826:2010
1804:2010
1782:2020
1741:ISBN
1715:2012
1632:2020
1583:ISBN
1523:ISBN
1504:2022
1278:The
1261:The
1243:dart
1223:The
1206:Song
1168:wood
1108:Guam
1075:hair
1031:The
921:lead
917:cast
910:clay
853:i.e.
814:rush
810:wool
806:hemp
802:flax
729:Saul
712:and
643:Livy
641:and
567:Livy
555:and
543:and
511:and
450:and
442:and
420:flax
383:game
266:game
250:and
189:(in
80:news
2834:Bow
2687:Bow
1328:by
966:in
943:).
864:Hun
808:or
777:of
392:in
244:arc
219:in
185:or
63:by
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