887:
2988:
855:
137:
871:
833:
116:
2410:
1621:
844:(as well as other giant lemurs) has been linked to climate change and the subsequent collapse of ecosystems that come with rapid climate shift. Recent findings also indicate that human hunting is partly responsible for the extinction of giant lemurs. It is likely not the only cause and cannot be applied to the entire island of
314:. This clade has been dubbed the ‘‘sloth lemurs’’ because of remarkable postcranial convergences with South American sloths. Despite postcranial similarities, the hands and feet show significant differences. Sloths possess long, curved claws, while sloth lemurs have short, flat nails on their
848:, but does explain patterns in certain regions of human settlement. Long bones have been discovered with cuts characteristic of butchering, either by dismembering and skinning or by filleting. Thorough scrutiny has led scientists to believe these marks to be from hunting by early humans.
351:
with low occlusal length ratios, and a decoupling of the speed of dental and body growth with acceleration of dental development relative to body growth. These attributes were observed in conjunction with the finding that
Palaeopropithecidae experienced prolonged periods of gestation.
1326:
Granatosky, Michael C.; Miller, Charlotte E.; Boyer, Doug M.; Schmitt, Daniel (2014-10-01). "Lumbar vertebral morphology of flying, gliding, and suspensory mammals: Implications for the locomotor behavior of the subfossil lemurs
Palaeopropithecus and Babakotia".
326:
Members of the family
Palaeopropithecidae appear to have eaten a mix of fruit, nuts, and foliage. The sloth lemurs were mixed-feeders rather than specialized browsers who ate a mixed diet based on seasonality. On the basis of highly robust
1231:
Gommery, Dominique; Tombomiadana, Sabine; Valentin, Frédérique; Ramanivosoa, Beby; Bezoma, Raulin (2004-10-01). "Nouvelle découverte dans le Nord-Ouest de
Madagascar et répartition géographique des espèces du genre Palaeopropithecus".
1120:
Godfrey, Laurie R.; Semprebon, Gina M.; Jungers, William L.; Sutherland, Michael R.; Simons, Elwyn L.; Solounias, Nikos (2004-09-01). "Dental use wear in extinct lemurs: evidence of diet and niche differentiation".
372:
were primarily arboreal and suspensory. The family was isolated due to river systems which formed a bio-geographical boundary, and likely attributed to the speciation of the family into four genera.
408:
have replaced it with four short and stout teeth of unknown functional significance. The vertebrae formation supports the theory that three of the four genera were suspensory/arboreal, while
1573:
Perez, Ventura R.; Godfrey, Laurie R.; Nowak-Kemp, Malgosia; Burney, David A.; Ratsimbazafy, Jonah; Vasey, Natalia (2005-12-01). "Evidence of early butchery of giant lemurs in
Madagascar".
388:
primates in general share a common ancestor. The post-canine teeth of sloth lemurs are similar in number (two premolars, three molars) and general design to living indriids.
3112:
1487:
Muldoon, Kathleen M. (2010-04-01). "Paleoenvironment of
Ankilitelo Cave (late Holocene, southwestern Madagascar): implications for the extinction of giant lemurs".
3125:
836:
Hunting scene depicting a human (far left) and a sloth lemur (centre left) alongside two hunting dogs (right) from
Andriamamelo Cave in western Madagascar
3086:
1655:
1007:
Rafferty, KL; Teaford, MF; Jungers, WL (November 2002). "Molar microwear of subfossil lemurs: improving the resolution of dietary inferences".
1471:
1387:
986:
953:
928:
1370:
Godfrey, L. R.; Jungers, W. L.; Burney, D. A. (2010). "Chapter 21: Subfossil Lemurs of
Madagascar". In Werdelin, L.; Sanders, W. J (eds.).
886:
1259:
Karanth, K. Praveen; Delefosse, Thomas; Rakotosamimanana, Berthe; Parsons, Thomas J.; Yoder, Anne D.; Simons, Elwyn L. (2005-04-05).
136:
2987:
854:
310:
that includes four genera. The common name can be misleading, as members of
Palaeopropithecidae were not closely related to
1625:
3184:
1648:
380:
Traditionally the family
Palaeopropithecidae has been considered most closely related to members of the extant family
3130:
3179:
861:
870:
3064:
2781:
3026:
2488:
1641:
384:
based on morphology. Recently, DNA from extinct giant lemurs has confirmed this, as well as the fact that
3151:
1821:
1164:
Schwartz, Gary T.; Samonds, Karen E.; Godfrey, Laurie R.; Jungers, William L.; Simons, Elwyn L. (2002).
1055:"Phalangeal curvature and positional behavior in extinct sloth lemurs (Primates, Palaeopropithecidae)"
3073:
2536:
2502:
2409:
1582:
1496:
1462:
Godfrey, L. R.; Jungers, W. L. (2003). "Subfossil Lemurs". In Goodman, S. M.; Benstead, J. P (eds.).
1416:
1336:
1272:
1177:
1130:
1066:
1016:
344:
413:
2641:
877:
2556:
2468:
2101:
1844:
2066:
1555:
1290:
1195:
1084:
131:
1530:
Godfrey, Laurie R.; Jungers, William L. (2003-01-01). "The extinct sloth lemurs of Madagascar".
3156:
2611:
2574:
2546:
2287:
1379:
978:
971:
3138:
2968:
2843:
2809:
2802:
1923:
1598:
1547:
1512:
1467:
1444:
1383:
1352:
1308:
1213:
1146:
1102:
1032:
982:
949:
924:
673:
490:
279:
3143:
3117:
1403:
Orlando, L.; Calvignac, S.; Schnebelen, C.; Douady, C. J.; Godfrey, L. R.; Hänni, C. (2008).
2655:
1590:
1539:
1504:
1434:
1424:
1371:
1344:
1298:
1280:
1241:
1203:
1185:
1138:
1092:
1074:
1024:
315:
303:
3009:
2961:
2564:
2495:
2208:
1851:
1837:
1053:
Jungers, William L.; Godfrey, Laurie R.; Simons, Elwyn L.; Chatrath, Prithijit S. (1997).
893:
619:
466:
348:
269:
1586:
1500:
1420:
1340:
1276:
1181:
1134:
1070:
1020:
2772:
2750:
2730:
2666:
2529:
2512:
2339:
2318:
2280:
2039:
1739:
1439:
1404:
226:
1303:
1260:
1208:
1165:
3173:
2947:
2890:
2631:
2238:
2153:
2112:
2053:
1944:
1916:
1872:
1858:
1722:
1709:
1664:
1372:
1097:
1054:
693:
573:
438:
249:
198:
66:
2910:
2883:
2874:
2860:
2836:
2427:
2381:
2080:
2073:
1909:
1786:
1763:
1559:
1261:"Ancient DNA from Giant Extinct Lemurs Confirms Single Origin of Malagasy Primates"
832:
790:
553:
534:
115:
34:
3049:
1594:
1508:
1348:
1245:
1142:
3099:
3058:
3004:
2795:
2788:
2740:
2689:
2601:
2252:
2190:
2176:
2121:
2094:
2023:
2009:
2002:
1981:
1951:
1937:
1807:
1749:
41:
1265:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1170:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1059:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2853:
2829:
2675:
2648:
2440:
2370:
2348:
2273:
2231:
2183:
2162:
1995:
1988:
1888:
1830:
1793:
845:
385:
340:
86:
51:
1551:
1079:
2954:
2901:
2820:
2585:
2457:
2355:
2309:
2294:
2266:
2259:
2245:
2224:
2217:
2169:
2135:
2032:
1800:
1779:
1429:
1285:
733:
646:
452:
397:
381:
360:
Postcranial measurements and anatomy suggest that three of the four genera,
259:
148:
91:
1602:
1516:
1448:
1356:
1312:
1217:
1190:
1150:
1106:
1036:
1028:
1620:
3043:
2761:
2522:
2363:
2142:
1965:
1930:
1895:
1881:
1682:
328:
168:
81:
76:
61:
56:
46:
1405:"DNA from extinct giant lemurs links archaeolemurids to extant indriids"
3091:
2723:
2325:
2128:
2087:
1902:
1772:
1694:
1543:
1294:
1199:
300:
188:
96:
71:
3104:
2924:
2479:
1974:
1688:
1676:
1166:"Dental microstructure and life history in subfossil Malagasy lemurs"
1088:
770:
178:
158:
3020:
2917:
2709:
2682:
2622:
831:
750:
311:
307:
235:
208:
418:
3078:
1633:
3024:
2425:
1707:
1637:
948:(2nd ed.). Conservation International. pp. 44–45.
425:
Phylogeny of sloth lemurs and their closest relatives
2935:
2871:
2849:
2757:
2746:
2736:
2637:
2607:
2597:
2570:
2552:
2542:
2518:
2508:
2464:
2453:
2336:
2306:
2205:
2050:
2020:
1962:
1869:
1818:
1760:
1745:
1735:
1532:
Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews
689:
669:
642:
615:
597:
569:
549:
531:
275:
265:
255:
245:
3033:
2934:
2900:
2870:
2819:
2771:
2707:
2665:
2621:
2584:
2478:
2438:
2380:
2335:
2305:
2204:
2152:
2111:
2049:
2019:
1961:
1868:
1817:
1759:
1720:
1466:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 1247–1252.
1002:
1000:
998:
970:
921:Classification of Mammals: Above the Species Level
1649:
944:Mittermeier, Russell A.; et al. (2006).
8:
1378:. University of California Press. pp.
1048:
1046:
977:. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp.
343:. The family Palaeopropithecidae exhibited
3021:
2715:
2590:
2446:
2435:
2422:
2058:
1728:
1717:
1704:
1656:
1642:
1634:
923:. Columbia University Press. p. 335.
114:
20:
1438:
1428:
1302:
1284:
1207:
1189:
1096:
1078:
911:
850:
422:Taxonomy of family Palaeopropithecidae
7:
739:
662:
635:
608:
542:
525:
518:
396:preserve the typical indriid-like
14:
1464:The Natural History of Madagascar
2986:
2408:
1619:
885:
869:
853:
135:
973:Walker's Primates of the World
919:McKenna, MC; Bell, SK (1997).
1:
1595:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.08.004
1509:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.01.005
1349:10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.06.011
1246:10.1016/j.annpal.2004.07.001
1143:10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.06.003
3201:
1575:Journal of Human Evolution
1489:Journal of Human Evolution
1374:Cenozoic Mammals of Africa
1329:Journal of Human Evolution
1123:Journal of Human Evolution
433:Family Palaeopropithecidae
356:Distribution and diversity
2999:
2984:
2718:
2593:
2449:
2434:
2421:
2406:
2061:
1731:
1716:
1703:
1671:
969:Nowak, Ronald M. (1999).
862:Archaeoindris fontoynonti
784:
764:
744:
737:
687:
667:
660:
640:
633:
613:
606:
567:
547:
540:
523:
424:
421:
339:can be considered highly
241:
234:
132:Scientific classification
130:
122:
113:
30:Pleistocene–Northgrippian
23:
1409:BMC Evolutionary Biology
1234:Annales de Paléontologie
1080:10.1073/pnas.94.22.11998
16:Extinct family of lemurs
1430:10.1186/1471-2148-8-121
1286:10.1073/pnas.0408354102
1191:10.1073/pnas.092685099
1029:10.1006/jhev.2002.0592
837:
3152:Paleobiology Database
835:
3185:Holocene extinctions
1630:at Wikimedia Commons
946:Lemurs of Madagascar
318:like most primates.
3065:Palaeopropithecidae
3035:Palaeopropithecidae
2939:Palaeopropithecidae
1627:Palaeopropithecidae
1587:2005JHumE..49..722P
1501:2010JHumE..58..338M
1421:2008BMCEE...8..121O
1341:2014JHumE..75...40G
1277:2005PNAS..102.5090K
1182:2002PNAS...99.6124S
1135:2004JHumE..47..145G
1071:1997PNAS...9411998J
1065:(22): 11998–12001.
1021:2002JHumE..43..645R
878:Babakotia radofilai
601:Palaeopropithecidae
297:Palaeopropithecidae
222:Palaeopropithecidae
124:Babakotia radofilai
1822:Ekgmowechashalidae
1544:10.1002/evan.10123
840:The extinction of
838:
473:M. dolichobrachion
3167:
3166:
3139:Open Tree of Life
3027:Taxon identifiers
3018:
3017:
2995:
2994:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2969:Palaeopropithecus
2703:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2417:
2416:
2404:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2200:
2199:
1624:Media related to
1473:978-0-226-30306-2
1389:978-0-520-25721-4
1271:(14): 5090–5095.
988:978-0-8018-6251-9
955:978-1-881173-88-5
930:978-0-231-11013-6
842:Palaeopropithecus
825:
824:
820:
819:
811:
810:
802:
801:
723:
722:
714:
713:
705:
704:
674:Palaeopropithecus
585:
584:
491:Palaeopropithecus
402:Palaeopropithecus
362:Palaeopropithecus
333:Palaeopropithecus
289:
288:
280:Palaeopropithecus
230:
3192:
3180:Subfossil lemurs
3160:
3159:
3147:
3146:
3134:
3133:
3121:
3120:
3108:
3107:
3095:
3094:
3082:
3081:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3022:
2990:
2937:
2875:Archaeolemuridae
2873:
2851:
2759:
2748:
2738:
2716:
2656:Xanthonycticebus
2639:
2609:
2599:
2591:
2572:
2554:
2544:
2520:
2510:
2466:
2455:
2447:
2436:
2423:
2412:
2338:
2308:
2207:
2059:
2052:
2022:
1964:
1871:
1820:
1762:
1747:
1737:
1729:
1718:
1705:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1635:
1623:
1607:
1606:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1442:
1432:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1377:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1306:
1288:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1211:
1193:
1176:(9): 6124–6129.
1161:
1155:
1154:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1100:
1082:
1050:
1041:
1040:
1004:
993:
992:
976:
966:
960:
959:
941:
935:
934:
916:
889:
873:
857:
740:
691:
671:
663:
644:
636:
617:
609:
599:
571:
551:
543:
535:Archaeolemuridae
533:
526:
519:
419:
412:was more likely
316:distal phalanges
277:
267:
257:
247:
225:
220:
140:
139:
118:
108:
38:
31:
27:Temporal range:
21:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3155:
3150:
3142:
3137:
3129:
3124:
3116:
3111:
3103:
3098:
3090:
3085:
3077:
3072:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3029:
3019:
3014:
3010:Subfossil lemur
2991:
2974:
2962:Mesopropithecus
2930:
2896:
2866:
2815:
2767:
2712:
2695:
2661:
2617:
2580:
2474:
2443:
2430:
2413:
2396:
2376:
2331:
2301:
2209:Caenopithecidae
2196:
2148:
2107:
2045:
2015:
1957:
1864:
1852:Muangthanhinius
1838:Ekgmowechashala
1813:
1755:
1725:
1712:
1699:
1667:
1662:
1616:
1611:
1610:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1474:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1052:
1051:
1044:
1006:
1005:
996:
989:
968:
967:
963:
956:
943:
942:
938:
931:
918:
917:
913:
908:
902:
898:
894:Mesopropithecus
890:
881:
874:
865:
858:
830:
821:
812:
803:
724:
715:
706:
620:Mesopropithecus
604:
586:
538:
467:Mesopropithecus
445:A. fontoynontii
394:Mesopropithecus
378:
370:Mesopropithecus
358:
349:deciduous teeth
345:molar megadonty
324:
285:
270:Mesopropithecus
224:
218:
134:
109:
107:
106:
105:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
32:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3198:
3196:
3188:
3187:
3182:
3172:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3148:
3135:
3122:
3109:
3096:
3083:
3070:
3055:
3039:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2943:
2941:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2906:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2887:
2879:
2877:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2857:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2825:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2785:
2777:
2775:
2773:Cheirogaleidae
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2755:
2751:Plesiopithecus
2744:
2734:
2727:
2719:
2713:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2686:
2679:
2671:
2669:
2667:Perodicticinae
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2635:
2627:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2605:
2594:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2568:
2561:
2550:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2516:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2484:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2462:
2450:
2444:
2439:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2419:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2352:
2344:
2342:
2340:Djebelemuridae
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2322:
2319:Algeripithecus
2314:
2312:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2291:
2284:
2281:Mescalerolemur
2277:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2213:
2211:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2158:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2125:
2117:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2098:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2062:
2056:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2040:Marcgodinotius
2036:
2028:
2026:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1970:
1968:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
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1941:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1899:
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1885:
1877:
1875:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1841:
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1804:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1768:
1766:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1743:
1740:Plesiopithecus
1732:
1726:
1721:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1679:
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1660:
1653:
1646:
1638:
1632:
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1615:
1614:External links
1612:
1609:
1608:
1581:(6): 722–742.
1565:
1538:(6): 252–263.
1522:
1495:(4): 338–352.
1479:
1472:
1454:
1395:
1388:
1362:
1318:
1251:
1240:(4): 279–286.
1223:
1156:
1129:(3): 145–169.
1112:
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994:
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961:
954:
936:
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743:
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721:
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716:
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639:
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629:
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591:
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583:
582:
579:
578:
566:
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562:
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541:
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529:
524:
522:
517:
515:
514:
513:
512:
511:
510:
509:
504:
499:
487:
486:
485:
483:M. pithecoides
480:
475:
463:
462:
461:
449:
448:
447:
427:
426:
423:
414:antipronograde
377:
374:
357:
354:
323:
320:
299:) comprise an
287:
286:
284:
283:
273:
263:
253:
242:
239:
238:
232:
231:
216:
212:
211:
206:
202:
201:
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
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128:
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4:
3:
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3197:
3186:
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3181:
3178:
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3175:
3158:
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3149:
3145:
3140:
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3132:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3075:
3071:
3066:
3060:
3056:
3051:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3023:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2989:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2948:Archaeoindris
2945:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2891:Hadropithecus
2888:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2735:
2733:
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2728:
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2721:
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2717:
2714:
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2706:
2692:
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2687:
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2684:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2642:Nycticeboides
2636:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2565:Sciurocheirus
2562:
2559:
2558:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2498:
2497:
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2481:
2477:
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2470:
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2451:
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2442:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2424:
2420:
2411:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2239:Caenopithecus
2236:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2203:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2154:Sivaladapinae
2151:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2113:Hoanghoniinae
2110:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2054:Sivaladapidae
2048:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1945:Pronycticebus
1942:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1917:Mazateronodon
1914:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1873:Cercamoniidae
1867:
1861:
1860:
1859:Palaeohodites
1856:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1723:Strepsirrhini
1719:
1715:
1711:
1710:Strepsirrhini
1706:
1702:
1696:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1665:Strepsirrhini
1659:
1654:
1652:
1647:
1645:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1629:
1628:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1569:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1526:
1523:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1483:
1480:
1475:
1469:
1465:
1458:
1455:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1399:
1396:
1391:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1375:
1366:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1322:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1255:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1227:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1160:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1116:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1015:(5): 645–57.
1014:
1010:
1003:
1001:
999:
995:
990:
984:
980:
975:
974:
965:
962:
957:
951:
947:
940:
937:
932:
926:
922:
915:
912:
905:
903:
897:
895:
888:
883:
880:
879:
872:
867:
864:
863:
856:
851:
849:
847:
843:
834:
827:
816:
815:
807:
806:
798:
797:
794:
792:
791:woolly lemurs
788:
782:
781:
778:
777:
774:
772:
768:
762:
761:
758:
757:
754:
752:
748:
742:
741:
735:
732:
731:
728:
727:
719:
718:
710:
709:
701:
700:
697:
696:
695:
694:Archaeoindris
685:
684:
681:
680:
677:
676:
675:
665:
664:
658:
657:
654:
653:
650:
649:
648:
638:
637:
631:
630:
627:
626:
623:
622:
621:
611:
610:
602:
594:
593:
590:
589:
581:
580:
577:
576:
575:
574:Hadropithecus
565:
564:
561:
560:
557:
556:
555:
545:
544:
536:
528:
527:
521:
520:
516:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
494:
493:
492:
488:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
470:
469:
468:
464:
460:
457:
456:
455:
454:
450:
446:
443:
442:
441:
440:
439:Archaeoindris
436:
435:
434:
431:
430:
429:
428:
420:
417:
415:
411:
407:
406:Archaeoindris
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
375:
373:
371:
367:
363:
355:
353:
350:
346:
342:
338:
337:Archaeoindris
334:
330:
321:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
302:
298:
294:
282:
281:
274:
272:
271:
264:
262:
261:
254:
252:
251:
250:Archaeoindris
244:
243:
240:
237:
233:
228:
223:
217:
214:
213:
210:
207:
205:Superfamily:
204:
203:
200:
199:Strepsirrhini
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
138:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
112:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
36:
22:
19:
3034:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2946:
2938:
2923:
2916:
2909:
2889:
2884:Archaeolemur
2882:
2859:
2852:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2808:
2801:
2794:
2789:Cheirogaleus
2787:
2780:
2760:
2749:
2739:
2729:
2722:
2688:
2683:Perodicticus
2681:
2674:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2630:
2610:
2600:
2573:
2563:
2557:Saharagalago
2555:
2545:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2511:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2469:Saharagalago
2467:
2456:
2428:Lemuriformes
2382:Lemuriformes
2369:
2362:
2354:
2347:
2324:
2317:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2216:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2102:Yunnanadapis
2100:
2093:
2086:
2081:Kyitchaungia
2079:
2074:Guangxilemur
2072:
2065:
2038:
2031:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1910:Donrussellia
1908:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1857:
1850:
1845:Gatanthropus
1843:
1836:
1829:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1787:Hesperolemur
1785:
1778:
1771:
1764:Notharctidae
1748:
1738:
1626:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1535:
1531:
1525:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1463:
1457:
1415:(121): 121.
1412:
1408:
1398:
1373:
1365:
1332:
1328:
1321:
1268:
1264:
1254:
1237:
1233:
1226:
1173:
1169:
1159:
1126:
1122:
1115:
1062:
1058:
1012:
1009:J. Hum. Evol
1008:
972:
964:
945:
939:
920:
914:
901:
892:
876:
860:
841:
839:
786:
785:
766:
765:
746:
745:
692:
688:
672:
668:
645:
641:
618:
614:
600:
572:
568:
554:Archaeolemur
552:
548:
506:
501:
496:
489:
482:
478:M. globiceps
477:
472:
465:
459:B. radofilai
458:
451:
444:
437:
432:
409:
405:
401:
393:
389:
379:
369:
365:
361:
359:
336:
332:
325:
296:
293:sloth lemurs
292:
290:
278:
268:
258:
248:
221:
123:
35:Late Miocene
18:
3100:iNaturalist
3059:Wikispecies
3005:Adapiformes
2925:Propithecus
2741:Megaladapis
2724:Daubentonia
2690:Pseudopotto
2602:Mioeuoticus
2253:Europolemur
2191:Sivaladapis
2177:Siamoadapis
2122:Hoanghonius
2095:Paukkaungia
2067:Anthradapis
2024:Asiadapidae
2010:Palaeolemur
2003:Microadapis
1982:Cryptadapis
1952:Protoadapis
1938:Periconodon
1808:Smilodectes
1750:Sulaimanius
767:Propithecus
24:Sloth lemur
3174:Categories
3003:See also:
2854:Pachylemur
2796:Microcebus
2710:Lemuroidea
2676:Arctocebus
2649:Nycticebus
2537:Paragalago
2503:Galagoides
2441:Lorisoidea
2391:see below↓
2371:Shizarodon
2349:Djebelemur
2274:Masradapis
2232:Aframonius
2184:Sinoadapis
2163:Indraloris
1996:Magnadapis
1989:Leptadapis
1889:Anchomomys
1831:Bugtilemur
1794:Notharctus
906:References
846:Madagascar
828:Extinction
507:P. maximus
341:folivorous
227:Tattersall
209:Lemuroidea
195:Suborder:
33:(Possible
3050:Q15982606
2955:Babakotia
2902:Indriidae
2837:Hapalemur
2821:Lemuridae
2782:Allocebus
2731:Lepilemur
2623:Lorisinae
2612:Namaloris
2586:Lorisidae
2575:Wadilemur
2547:Progalago
2480:Galagidae
2458:Karanisia
2356:Notnamaia
2310:Azibiidae
2295:Notnamaia
2288:Namadapis
2267:Mahgarita
2260:Godinotia
2246:Darwinius
2225:Afradapis
2218:Adapoides
2170:Ramadapis
2136:Rencunius
2033:Asiadapis
1801:Pelycodus
1780:Copelemur
1675:Kingdom:
1552:1520-6505
1335:: 40–52.
896:globiceps
734:Indriidae
647:Babakotia
502:P. kelyus
497:P. ingens
453:Babakotia
410:Babakotia
398:toothcomb
390:Babakotia
382:Indriidae
366:Babakotia
260:Babakotia
155:Kingdom:
149:Eukaryota
3044:Wikidata
2762:Propotto
2530:Otolemur
2523:Laetolia
2489:Euoticus
2364:Omanodon
2143:Wailekia
1966:Adapidae
1931:Panobius
1924:Nievesia
1896:Barnesia
1882:Agerinia
1695:Primates
1689:Mammalia
1683:Chordata
1681:Phylum:
1677:Animalia
1603:16225904
1517:20226497
1449:18442367
1357:25216795
1313:15784742
1218:11983905
1151:15337413
1107:11038588
1037:12457853
386:Malagasy
376:Taxonomy
347:, small
329:mandible
215:Family:
189:Primates
179:Mammalia
169:Chordata
165:Phylum:
159:Animalia
145:Domain:
3144:4941847
3131:1513476
3092:3239565
3079:7244612
2861:Varecia
2830:Eulemur
2326:Azibius
2129:Lushius
2088:Laomaki
1903:Buxella
1773:Cantius
1693:Order:
1687:Class:
1583:Bibcode
1560:4834725
1497:Bibcode
1440:2386821
1417:Bibcode
1337:Bibcode
1295:3375184
1273:Bibcode
1200:3058636
1178:Bibcode
1131:Bibcode
1067:Bibcode
1017:Bibcode
771:sifakas
301:extinct
185:Order:
175:Class:
103:↓
37:record)
3118:102977
2810:Phaner
2496:Galago
1975:Adapis
1601:
1558:
1550:
1515:
1470:
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985:
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596:
537:
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400:, but
368:, and
312:sloths
308:lemurs
304:family
236:Genera
229:, 1973
126:skull
3157:40789
3113:IRMNG
3105:71395
2918:Indri
2911:Avahi
2844:Lemur
2803:Mirza
2632:Loris
2513:Komba
1556:S2CID
1291:JSTOR
1196:JSTOR
1098:23681
1089:43006
1085:JSTOR
979:89–91
787:Avahi
751:indri
747:Indri
3126:NCBI
3087:GBIF
1599:PMID
1548:ISSN
1513:PMID
1468:ISBN
1445:PMID
1384:ISBN
1353:PMID
1309:PMID
1214:PMID
1147:PMID
1103:PMID
1033:PMID
983:ISBN
950:ISBN
925:ISBN
404:and
392:and
335:and
322:Diet
291:The
42:PreꞒ
3074:EoL
1591:doi
1540:doi
1505:doi
1435:PMC
1425:doi
1380:351
1345:doi
1299:PMC
1281:doi
1269:102
1242:doi
1204:PMC
1186:doi
1139:doi
1093:PMC
1075:doi
1025:doi
306:of
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331:,
92:Pg
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2758:†
2754:?
2747:†
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219:†
97:N
87:K
82:J
77:T
72:P
67:C
62:D
57:S
52:O
47:Ꞓ
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