558:'s parent company) planned to hire 10,000 to provide additional security to their platforms; this would include combatting the rising number of bots and malicious posts on the platforms. Due to increased security on the platform and the detection methods used by Instagram, some botting companies are reporting issues with their services because Instagram imposes interaction limit thresholds based on past and current app usage, and many payment and email platforms deny the companies access to their services, preventing potential clients from being able to purchase them.
592:
369:
620:
606:
43:
143:
84:
634:
572:
Twitter's bot problem is caused by the ease of creating and maintaining them. The ease of creating the account as and the many APIs that allow for complete automation of the accounts are leading to excessive amounts of organizations and individuals using these tools to push their own needs. CNBC
546:
reached a billion active monthly users in June 2018, but of those 1 billion active users, it was estimated that up to 10% were being run by automated social bots. While malicious propaganda posting bots are still popular, many individual users use engagement bots to propel themselves to a false
472:
Social bots are always becoming increasingly difficult to detect and understand. The bots' human-like behavior, ever-changing behavior of the bots, and the sheer volume of bots covering every platform may have been a factor in the challenges of removing them. Social media sites, like
329:
Bots have coexisted with computer technology since its creation. Social bots have therefore risen in popularity simultaneously with the rise of social media. Social bots, besides being able to (re-)produce or reuse messages autonomously, also share many traits with
334:
concerning their tendency to infiltrate large user groups. Artificial Social
Networking Intelligence (ASNI) refers to the application of artificial intelligence within social networking services and social media platforms. ASNI is expected to evolve rapidly.
525:
used
Twitter to amplify its Islamic content by numerous orchestrated accounts which further pushed an item to the Hot List news, thus further amplifying the selected news to a larger audience. This mode of synchronized bots accounts can be used as a tool of
493:
accounts that post nonsensical content, which may get reposted (retweeted) by the bots. However, bots evolve quickly, and detection methods have to be updated constantly, because otherwise they may get useless after a few years. One method is the use of
488:
that checks the activity of a
Twitter account and gives it a score based on how likely the account is to be a bot. The system leverages over a thousand features. An active method for detecting early spam bots was to set up
573:
claimed that about 15% of the 319 million
Twitter users in 2017 were bots; the exact number is 48 million. As of July 7, 2022, Twitter is claiming that they remove 1 million spam bots from their platform every day.
2984:
2904:
3763:
580:
allows for real accounts (individuals or organizations) to use certain levels of bot automation on their accounts and even encourages the use of them to improve user experiences and interactions.
3773:
3768:
3009:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2528:
2301:
3170:
2852:
576:
Some bots are used to automate scheduled tweets, download videos, set reminders and send warnings of natural disasters. Those are examples of bot accounts, but
Twitter's
365:
available. Social media platforms have also developed their own automated tools to filter out messages that come from bots, although they cannot detect all bot messages.
3262:
2825:
2377:
1148:
Mazza, Michele; Stefano Cresci; Marco
Avvenuti; Walter Quattrociocchi; Maurizio Tesconi (2019). "RTbust: Exploiting Temporal Patterns for Botnet Detection on Twitter".
2720:
1247:
Zago, Mattia; Nespoli, Pantaleone; Papamartzivanos, Dimitrios; Perez, Manuel Gil; Marmol, Felix Gomez; Kambourakis, Georgios; Perez, Gregorio
Martinez (August 2019).
3806:
391:. Some social bots have manipulated public opinions (especially in a political sense), stock market manipulation, advertisements, and the malicious extortion of
3941:
3033:
2989:
2795:
2470:
753:
3016:
874:
3753:
3058:
2999:
2372:
2813:
2705:
2345:
1926:
3731:
3026:
2857:
2820:
2418:
678:
498:
for predicting the frequency distribution of significant leading digits to detect malicious bots online. This study was first introduced at the
3931:
2775:
2428:
1813:
3848:
3255:
2709:
1788:
1539:
743:
165:
1339:
Davis, Clayton A.; Onur Varol; Emilio
Ferrara; Alessandro Flammini; Filippo Menczer (2016). "BotOrNot: A System to Evaluate Social Bots".
3823:
2979:
2382:
2189:
2885:
2450:
503:
3828:
3532:
2667:
2280:
778:
547:
virality, making them seem more popular on the app. These engagement bots can like, watch, follow, and comment on the users' posts.
201:
183:
124:
70:
1300:
502:
in 2020. Another method is artificial-intelligence-driven detection. Some of the sub-categories of this type of detection would be
3527:
3344:
3248:
3220:
2565:
1181:
349:
and elsewhere have also been observed. Using social bots is against the terms of service of many platforms, such as
Twitter and
275:
To offer affordable customer service agents or automatic responses to frequently asked questions on social media platforms like
3038:
2367:
2335:
1396:
Social bots are sending a significant amount of information through the
Twittersphere. Now there's a tool to help identify them
361:. Even for social media platforms that restrict social bots, a certain degree of automation is intended by making social media
1742:
3936:
3048:
3021:
2958:
2477:
1408:
Grimme, Christian; Preuss, Mike; Adam, Lena; Trautmann, Heike (2017). "Social Bots: Human-Like by Means of Human Control?".
3155:
2899:
2780:
2586:
3569:
3858:
3758:
3408:
3053:
2808:
2715:
2087:
1919:
373:
265:
240:) it distributes can be simple and operate in groups and various configurations with partial human control (hybrid) via
383:, it is unclear how legal regulation can be enforced. Social bots are expected to play a role in the future shaping of
161:
157:
3709:
3369:
3349:
3165:
3160:
2610:
2392:
2097:
2002:
56:
1775:. Republic and Canton of Geneva, CHE: International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee. pp. 781–782.
102:
3704:
3175:
2605:
2048:
1961:
653:
314:
3926:
3921:
3818:
3092:
3068:
2132:
1391:
808:
379:
Due to the difficulty of recognizing social bots and separating them from "eligible" automation via social media
3890:
3868:
3748:
3671:
3180:
2994:
2862:
1991:
1100:
462:
415:. To unambiguously detect social bots as what they are, a variety of criteria must be applied together using
3843:
3296:
3106:
3063:
2945:
2935:
2423:
2287:
2226:
2028:
1912:
245:
3911:
3833:
3696:
3624:
3589:
3306:
2803:
2765:
2730:
2455:
2196:
2112:
788:
499:
1715:
94:
3916:
3796:
3676:
3564:
3554:
3537:
3493:
3391:
3311:
3271:
3148:
2953:
2742:
2538:
2460:
2445:
2340:
2272:
2264:
2201:
2157:
2127:
2092:
2018:
908:
818:
798:
511:
1898:
407:
capacities to post messages. Later developments have succeeded in imprinting more "human" activity and
1462:
935:
Ferrara, Emilio; Varol, Onur; Davis, Clayton; Menczer, Filippo; Flammini, Alessandro (June 24, 2016).
591:
3813:
3716:
3619:
3559:
3468:
3463:
3359:
3301:
3286:
2867:
2435:
693:
673:
648:
490:
388:
310:
1864:
3726:
3656:
3195:
2930:
2760:
2548:
2465:
2402:
2152:
853:
763:
515:
507:
458:
408:
3801:
3544:
3522:
3517:
3435:
3430:
3386:
2636:
2626:
2440:
2294:
2167:
2142:
1981:
1794:
1649:
1602:
1576:
1545:
1500:
1443:
1417:
1344:
1276:
1226:
1153:
1130:
1112:
1073:
1054:
1028:
974:
948:
833:
728:
688:
318:
1773:
Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web Companion - WWW '17 Companion
1373:
152:
may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience
1668:
1182:"How to Find and Remove Fake Followers from Twitter and Instagram : Social Media Examiner"
3721:
3681:
3634:
3458:
3440:
3328:
3073:
2755:
2397:
2236:
2216:
2184:
2065:
2043:
1998:
1966:
1784:
1641:
1594:
1535:
1492:
1435:
1268:
1218:
1046:
966:
718:
668:
658:
639:
416:
1099:
Ferrara, Emilio; Varol, Onur; Davis, Clayton; Menczer, Filippo; Flammini, Alessandro (2016).
403:
The first generation of bots could sometimes be distinguished from real users by their often
3743:
3639:
3629:
3401:
3318:
2355:
2330:
2179:
2147:
2072:
1776:
1633:
1586:
1527:
1482:
1474:
1427:
1372:
Varol, Onur; Emilio Ferrara; Clayton A. Davis; Filippo Menczer; Alessandro Flammini (2017).
1354:
1260:
1208:
1163:
1122:
1081:
1038:
958:
758:
495:
342:
249:
1463:"Feature selection using Benford's law to support detection of malicious social media bots"
3661:
3488:
2963:
2750:
2514:
2350:
2162:
921:
723:
625:
597:
285:
106:
62:
993:
368:
3691:
3606:
3596:
3584:
3500:
3473:
3418:
3364:
3043:
2925:
2553:
2206:
1986:
1976:
1939:
1935:
1016:
793:
783:
748:
611:
430:
392:
384:
229:
994:"Supervised Machine Learning Bot Detection Techniques to Identify Social Twitter Bots"
619:
3905:
3791:
3738:
3666:
3512:
3323:
3185:
3143:
2533:
2137:
2077:
1653:
1504:
1280:
1230:
901:"The New War of Ideas: Counterterrorism Lessons for the Digital Disinformation Fight"
768:
703:
522:
481:
reporting up to 48 million of the 319 million users (roughly 15%) were bots in 2017.
302:
1904:
1798:
1606:
1549:
1447:
1058:
3885:
3873:
3574:
3354:
2785:
2679:
2571:
2231:
1839:
1134:
978:
843:
823:
738:
663:
412:
233:
28:
1085:
3649:
3579:
3413:
3291:
3078:
2558:
2543:
2387:
2102:
2053:
2023:
1197:"Classification of social media users with generalized functional data analysis"
838:
813:
773:
567:
550:
Around the same time, the platform achieved the 1 billion monthly user plateau.
485:
411:
in the agent. With enough bots, it might be even possible to achieve artificial
268:, or boost social media engagement. Messages with similar content can influence
1564:
1519:
1248:
1213:
1196:
3853:
3611:
3396:
3381:
3374:
3275:
3205:
2691:
2655:
2631:
2362:
2221:
2174:
2107:
2082:
1621:
1590:
1531:
1478:
1264:
803:
713:
605:
587:
527:
404:
338:
1645:
1637:
1598:
1496:
1272:
1222:
1050:
970:
321:, a term that refers to the selling of an account on social media platforms.
3549:
3483:
3450:
3200:
3190:
2909:
2600:
2122:
2038:
2013:
2008:
1780:
1374:"Online Human-Bot Interactions: Detection, Estimation, and Characterization"
1358:
1167:
828:
733:
543:
449:
350:
241:
164:
any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against
1439:
900:
3240:
1768:
1620:
Sela, Alon; Milo, Orit; Kagan, Eugene; Ben-Gal, Irad (November 15, 2019).
1431:
521:
Some operations of bots work together in a synchronized way. For example,
3878:
3505:
3423:
3225:
3215:
3111:
2940:
1520:"Trending Topics on Twitter Improve the Prediction of Google Hot Queries"
1017:"Unpacking the Social Media Bot: A Typology to Guide Research and Policy"
555:
551:
346:
298:
295:
3838:
3644:
3478:
2770:
2641:
2060:
2033:
1971:
1249:"Screening Out Social Bots Interference: Are There Any Silver Bullets?"
1195:
Weishampel, Anthony; Staicu, Ana-Maria; Rand, William (March 1, 2023).
848:
683:
474:
423:
358:
331:
276:
237:
1487:
992:
Efthimion, Phillip; Payne, Scott; Proferes, Nicholas (July 20, 2018).
17:
3210:
1150:
In Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Web Science (WebSci '19)
1042:
708:
698:
354:
1126:
962:
1669:"Instagram hits 1 billion monthly users, up from 800M in September"
1581:
1422:
1349:
1158:
1033:
3004:
1767:
Gilani, Zafar; Farahbakhsh, Reza; Crowcroft, Jon (April 3, 2017).
1693:
1518:
Giummole, Federica; Orlando, Salvatore; Tolomei, Gabriele (2013).
1301:"As many as 48 million Twitter accounts aren't people, says study"
1117:
1078:
International Symposium on Security in Computing and Communication
953:
936:
367:
2905:
Media censorship and disinformation during the Gezi Park protests
2117:
1892:
478:
3244:
3132:
2498:
2319:
2253:
1950:
1908:
1814:"Twitter says it removes over 1 million spam accounts each day"
1378:
Proc. International AAAI Conf. on Web and Social Media (ICWSM)
577:
380:
362:
269:
136:
77:
36:
353:, although it is allowed to some degree by others, such as
264:
To persuade people, e.g. to advertise a product, support a
1899:
What is a Social Media Bot? | Social Media Bot Definition
1840:"10 Best Twitter Bots You Should Follow in 2022 - TechPP"
1694:"Instagram Promotion Service (Real Marketing) – UseViral"
1325:
1865:"Twitter's automation development rules | Twitter Help"
429:
sometimes also random real user pictures are captured (
1743:"Instagram Bots in 2021 — Everything You Need To Know"
2302:
After Truth: Disinformation and the Cost of Fake News
1461:
Mbona, Innocent; Eloff, Jan H. P. (January 1, 2022).
3171:
Countering Foreign Propaganda and Disinformation Act
1565:"The rise of Jihadist propaganda on social networks"
252:
to express messages in more natural human dialogue.
3784:
3690:
3605:
3449:
3337:
3099:
3087:
2972:
2918:
2892:
2880:
2794:
2741:
2729:
2698:
2686:
2674:
2662:
2650:
2619:
2593:
2581:
2521:
2509:
2411:
341:are already well-known examples, but corresponding
2274:Dezinformatsia: Active Measures in Soviet Strategy
1622:"Improving information spread by spreading groups"
2826:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
2378:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
1524:2013 International Conference on Social Computing
468:analysis of the time series of social media posts
372:Twitter bots posting similar messages during the
309:Another example is that the bots can be used for
2721:Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos
1015:Gorwa, Robert; Guilbeault, Douglas (June 2020).
34:Software agent that communicates on social media
1563:Badawy, Adam; Ferrara, Emilio (April 3, 2018).
1074:"SocialBot: Behavioral Analysis and Detection"
3256:
3034:Election denial movement in the United States
1920:
1893:The Computational Propaganda Research Project
8:
1201:Computational Statistics & Data Analysis
105:. There might be a discussion about this on
3754:Political polarization in the United States
1072:Dewangan, Madhuri; Rishabh Kaushal (2016).
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3263:
3249:
3241:
3129:
2738:
2706:COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines
2506:
2495:
2408:
2316:
2250:
1947:
1927:
1913:
1905:
1812:Dang, Sheila; Paul, Katie (July 7, 2022).
754:On the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog
484:Botometer (formerly BotOrNot) is a public
3807:Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal
1580:
1486:
1421:
1348:
1212:
1157:
1116:
1032:
952:
202:Learn how and when to remove this message
184:Learn how and when to remove this message
125:Learn how and when to remove this message
3059:Mohamed Atta's alleged Prague connection
530:as well as stock markets manipulations.
2858:Russian Institute for Strategic Studies
1569:Journal of Computational Social Science
1394:. technologyreview.com. July 28, 2014.
866:
2985:Attempts to overturn the 2020 election
2776:Soviet influence on the peace movement
2373:Misinformation in the Israel–Hamas war
1294:
1292:
1290:
1242:
1240:
917:
906:
260:Some of the uses for social bots are:
3849:Psychological effects of Internet use
2710:ChinaAngVirus disinformation campaign
1392:"How to Spot a Social Bot on Twitter"
903:. Center for a New American Security.
744:Marketing and artificial intelligence
7:
3942:Internet manipulation and propaganda
1838:Azhar, Huzaifa (December 10, 2021).
477:, are among the most affected, with
387:by autonomously acting as incessant
3824:Digital media use and mental health
2980:1995 CIA disinformation controversy
2190:State-sponsored Internet propaganda
1299:Newberg, Michael (March 10, 2017).
2451:Misinformation related to abortion
1769:"Do Bots impact Twitter activity?"
1741:Morales, Eduardo (March 8, 2022).
454:variability in (re)posted messages
284:Simulating real success by having
232:that communicates autonomously on
166:Knowledge (XXG)'s inclusion policy
25:
3829:Effects of violence in mass media
3533:Smartphones and pedestrian safety
2668:Voluntary Agency Network of Korea
2281:The KGB and Soviet Disinformation
1716:"Instagram's Growing Bot Problem"
1341:Proc. WWW Developers Day Workshop
779:Search engine manipulation effect
52:This article has multiple issues.
3802:2021 Facebook company files leak
3528:Mobile phones and driving safety
3221:United States Information Agency
2500:Operations and events by country
1667:Constine, Josh (June 20, 2018).
879:www.akademische-gesellschaft.com
632:
618:
604:
590:
141:
82:
41:
3774:2020 U.S. presidential election
3769:2016 U.S. presidential election
2821:Information war against Ukraine
2368:International Jewish conspiracy
2336:Congo Free State propaganda war
419:techniques, some of which are:
291:Spamming or advertising things.
60:or discuss these issues on the
3049:Information Operations Roadmap
2959:Psychological Warfare Division
2529:Chinese information operations
2478:Water fluoridation controversy
875:"The influence of social bots"
1:
3932:Social information processing
3345:Betteridge's law of headlines
3156:Active Measures Working Group
2814:during the Russo-Georgian War
2781:U.S. Army Field Manual 30-31B
679:Belief–desire–intention model
518:, and correlation discovery.
3859:Social aspects of television
3759:Social media use in politics
3409:Missing white woman syndrome
3039:The Freedom Fighter's Manual
2716:Fake news in the Philippines
2088:Fear, uncertainty, and doubt
1253:IEEE Communications Magazine
1086:10.1007/978-981-10-2738-3_39
374:2016 United States elections
3370:Least objectionable program
3166:Counter Misinformation Team
3161:Counter disinformation unit
2611:Myth of the clean Wehrmacht
2098:Forgery as covert operation
244:. Social bots can also use
3958:
3705:Algorithmic radicalization
3176:The Disinformation Project
2606:Propaganda in Nazi Germany
1962:Algorithmic radicalization
1214:10.1016/j.csda.2022.107647
654:Algorithmic radicalization
565:
445:followers-to-friends ratio
315:algorithmic radicalization
26:
3819:Cultural impact of TikTok
3282:
3139:
3128:
3093:Bolivarian Army of Trolls
3069:Tobacco industry playbook
3000:CIA Kennedy assassination
2505:
2494:
2326:
2315:
2260:
2249:
2133:Manipulation (psychology)
1957:
1946:
1626:Online Information Review
1591:10.1007/s42001-018-0015-z
1532:10.1109/socialcom.2013.12
1479:10.1016/j.ins.2021.09.038
1265:10.1109/MCOM.2019.1800520
1105:Communications of the ACM
1101:"The Rise of Social Bots"
941:Communications of the ACM
937:"The rise of social bots"
809:Social media intelligence
3891:Violence and video games
3869:Social impact of YouTube
3749:Knowledge gap hypothesis
3672:Social-desirability bias
3570:Information–action ratio
3181:East StratCom Task Force
2995:9/11 conspiracy theories
1992:List of cognitive biases
1638:10.1108/oir-08-2018-0245
1526:. IEEE. pp. 39–44.
899:Frederick, Kara (2019).
426:figures as user pictures
27:Not to be confused with
3844:Mass shooting contagion
3297:Evolutionary psychology
3107:Public opinion brigades
3064:Niger uranium forgeries
3054:Litter boxes in schools
2424:COVID-19 misinformation
2346:Free energy suppression
2255:Books and documentaries
2029:Euphemistic misspeaking
1781:10.1145/3041021.3054255
1359:10.1145/2872518.2889302
1168:10.1145/3292522.3326015
998:SMU Data Science Review
246:artificial intelligence
3834:Fascination with death
3697:Political polarization
3625:Availability heuristic
3590:Television consumption
2853:2016 Brexit referendum
2202:Scientific fabrication
2113:Historical negationism
916:Cite journal requires
789:Social data revolution
500:University of Pretoria
376:
220:, also described as a
3937:Mass media monitoring
3797:Criticism of Facebook
3677:Social influence bias
3565:Information pollution
3555:Information explosion
3538:Texting while driving
3494:Low information voter
3392:Pink-slime journalism
3149:Fact-checking website
2954:Operation Mass Appeal
2936:Clockwork Orange plot
2446:Mental illness denial
2341:Climate change denial
2158:Psychological warfare
2128:Internet manipulation
2093:Firehose of falsehood
2019:Disinformation attack
1432:10.1089/big.2017.0044
1021:Policy & Internet
819:Sockpuppet (Internet)
799:Social influence bias
512:unsupervised learning
371:
236:. The messages (e.g.
3814:Criticism of Netflix
3620:Availability cascade
3560:Information overload
3469:Attention management
3464:Attention inequality
3360:Human-interest story
3302:Behavioral modernity
3287:Cognitive psychology
2288:Who's Who in the CIA
1895:University of Oxford
1467:Information Sciences
694:Dead Internet theory
674:Attention inequality
649:Algorithmic curation
442:sentiment expression
311:algorithmic curation
95:confusing or unclear
3727:Post-truth politics
3657:Mean world syndrome
2990:Conspiracy theories
2931:Double-Cross System
2900:Conspiracy theories
2761:Operation INFEKTION
2549:Internet Water Army
2403:Strategy of tension
2268:by Ion Mihai Pacepa
2153:Post-truth politics
854:Whispering campaign
764:Post-truth politics
516:supervised learning
508:feature engineering
409:behavioral patterns
103:clarify the article
3545:Influence-for-hire
3523:Media multitasking
3518:Human multitasking
3436:Tabloid television
3387:Media manipulation
2886:HIV/AIDS denialism
2863:Trolls from Olgino
2637:Paid news in India
2627:Fake news in India
2441:HIV/AIDS denialism
2295:Merchants of Doubt
2168:Military deception
2143:Media manipulation
1982:Circular reporting
834:Technoself studies
729:Influence-for-hire
689:Crowd manipulation
377:
319:influence-for-hire
266:political campaign
3899:
3898:
3722:Fake news website
3682:Spiral of silence
3635:Confirmation bias
3459:Attention economy
3441:Yellow journalism
3329:Social psychology
3238:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3124:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3074:Operation Shocker
2876:
2875:
2756:K-1000 battleship
2587:Operation Neptune
2490:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2311:
2310:
2245:
2244:
2237:Yellow journalism
2185:counterpropaganda
2066:List of fallacies
1999:Conspiracy theory
1967:Alternative facts
1790:978-1-4503-4914-7
1696:. August 15, 2021
1541:978-0-7695-5137-1
804:Social media bias
719:Fake news website
669:Asymmetric follow
659:Ambient awareness
640:Psychology portal
457:engagement rate (
439:temporal patterns
417:pattern detection
343:autonomous agents
212:
211:
204:
194:
193:
186:
135:
134:
127:
75:
16:(Redirected from
3949:
3927:Social influence
3922:Public relations
3744:Knowledge divide
3640:Crowd psychology
3630:Bandwagon effect
3402:Public relations
3319:Media psychology
3265:
3258:
3251:
3242:
3130:
2949:MMR autism fraud
2832:On US elections
2766:Operation Toucan
2739:
2507:
2496:
2461:anti-vaccination
2409:
2356:Holocaust denial
2331:Bermuda Triangle
2317:
2251:
2180:black propaganda
2148:Potemkin village
2073:False accusation
2049:list of websites
1948:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1906:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1869:help.twitter.com
1861:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1584:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1490:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1425:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1352:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1296:
1285:
1284:
1244:
1235:
1234:
1216:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1161:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1120:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1043:10.1002/poi3.184
1036:
1012:
1006:
1005:
989:
983:
982:
956:
932:
926:
925:
919:
914:
912:
904:
896:
890:
889:
887:
885:
871:
759:Online algorithm
642:
637:
636:
635:
628:
623:
622:
614:
609:
608:
600:
595:
594:
250:machine learning
226:social algorithm
207:
200:
189:
182:
178:
175:
169:
145:
144:
137:
130:
123:
119:
116:
110:
86:
85:
78:
67:
45:
44:
37:
21:
3957:
3956:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3895:
3780:
3695:
3686:
3662:Negativity bias
3610:
3601:
3489:Cognitive miser
3445:
3338:Media practices
3333:
3278:
3269:
3239:
3230:
3135:
3116:
3095:
3083:
2968:
2964:Zinoviev letter
2914:
2888:
2872:
2796:Post-Soviet era
2790:
2751:Active Measures
2734:
2725:
2694:
2682:
2670:
2658:
2646:
2615:
2589:
2577:
2517:
2515:Jihadunspun.com
2501:
2482:
2407:
2383:New World Order
2351:Genocide denial
2322:
2307:
2256:
2241:
2163:Memetic warfare
1953:
1942:
1933:
1889:
1884:
1883:
1873:
1871:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1848:
1846:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1822:
1820:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1791:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1751:
1749:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1725:
1723:
1722:. July 18, 2018
1720:The Information
1714:
1713:
1709:
1699:
1697:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1677:
1675:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1542:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1309:
1307:
1298:
1297:
1288:
1246:
1245:
1238:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1127:10.1145/2818717
1098:
1097:
1093:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1014:
1013:
1009:
991:
990:
986:
963:10.1145/2818717
934:
933:
929:
915:
905:
898:
897:
893:
883:
881:
873:
872:
868:
863:
858:
724:Ghost followers
638:
633:
631:
626:Politics portal
624:
617:
610:
603:
598:Internet portal
596:
589:
586:
570:
564:
554:(Instagram and
541:
536:
504:active learning
401:
327:
258:
208:
197:
196:
195:
190:
179:
173:
170:
156:Please help by
155:
146:
142:
131:
120:
114:
111:
100:
87:
83:
46:
42:
35:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3955:
3953:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3904:
3903:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3804:
3794:
3788:
3786:
3785:Related topics
3782:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3719:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3701:
3699:
3692:Digital divide
3688:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3616:
3614:
3607:Cognitive bias
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3597:Sticky content
3594:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3585:Binge-watching
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3515:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3501:Digital zombie
3498:
3497:
3496:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3474:Attention span
3471:
3466:
3461:
3455:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3419:Sensationalism
3416:
3411:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3384:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3365:Junk food news
3362:
3352:
3347:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3245:
3236:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3044:Habbush letter
3041:
3036:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3019:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2987:
2982:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2926:Bell Pottinger
2922:
2920:
2919:United Kingdom
2916:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2800:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2747:
2745:
2736:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2583:
2582:Czechoslovakia
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2568:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2554:PLA Unit 61398
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2511:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2429:by governments
2421:
2415:
2413:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2266:Disinformation
2261:
2258:
2257:
2254:
2247:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1987:Cognitive bias
1984:
1979:
1977:Cherry picking
1974:
1969:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1944:
1943:
1940:misinformation
1936:Disinformation
1934:
1932:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1896:
1888:
1887:External links
1885:
1882:
1881:
1856:
1830:
1804:
1789:
1759:
1733:
1707:
1685:
1659:
1612:
1575:(2): 453–470.
1555:
1540:
1510:
1453:
1416:(4): 279–293.
1400:
1383:
1364:
1331:
1317:
1286:
1236:
1187:
1173:
1140:
1091:
1064:
1027:(2): 225–248.
1007:
984:
927:
918:|journal=
891:
865:
864:
862:
859:
857:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
794:Social hacking
791:
786:
784:Smear campaign
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
749:Messaging spam
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
645:
644:
643:
629:
615:
612:Society portal
601:
585:
582:
566:Main article:
563:
560:
540:
537:
535:
532:
470:
469:
466:
455:
452:
446:
443:
440:
437:
436:reposting rate
434:
431:identity fraud
427:
400:
397:
393:spear-phishing
385:public opinion
326:
323:
307:
306:
292:
289:
286:fake followers
281:
280:
273:
270:fads or trends
257:
254:
230:software agent
210:
209:
192:
191:
149:
147:
140:
133:
132:
90:
88:
81:
76:
50:
49:
47:
40:
33:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3954:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3912:Internet bots
3910:
3909:
3907:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3792:Computer rage
3790:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3764:United States
3762:
3761:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3739:Filter bubble
3737:
3733:
3732:United States
3730:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3693:
3689:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3667:Peer pressure
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3608:
3604:
3598:
3595:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3513:Doomscrolling
3511:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3324:Media studies
3322:
3320:
3317:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3281:
3277:
3276:human factors
3273:
3266:
3261:
3259:
3254:
3252:
3247:
3246:
3243:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3186:FactCheck.org
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3144:Fact-checking
3142:
3141:
3138:
3131:
3127:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:United States
2971:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2534:50 Cent Party
2532:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2497:
2493:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2325:
2318:
2314:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2252:
2248:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2138:Media culture
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2078:False dilemma
2076:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1930:
1925:
1923:
1918:
1916:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1857:
1845:
1841:
1834:
1831:
1819:
1815:
1808:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1760:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1734:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1674:
1670:
1663:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1616:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1559:
1556:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1457:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1335:
1332:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1259:(8): 98–104.
1258:
1254:
1250:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1188:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1144:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1111:(7): 96–104.
1110:
1106:
1102:
1095:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1011:
1008:
1003:
999:
995:
988:
985:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
955:
950:
947:(7): 96–104.
946:
942:
938:
931:
928:
923:
910:
902:
895:
892:
880:
876:
870:
867:
860:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
769:Radical trust
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
704:Doomscrolling
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
646:
641:
630:
627:
621:
616:
613:
607:
602:
599:
593:
588:
583:
581:
579:
574:
569:
561:
559:
557:
553:
548:
545:
538:
533:
531:
529:
524:
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
496:Benford's Law
492:
487:
482:
480:
476:
467:
464:
460:
456:
453:
451:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
428:
425:
422:
421:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
398:
396:
394:
390:
386:
382:
375:
370:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
333:
324:
322:
320:
316:
312:
304:
303:personal data
300:
297:
293:
290:
287:
283:
282:
278:
274:
271:
267:
263:
262:
261:
255:
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
214:
206:
203:
188:
185:
177:
167:
163:
159:
153:
150:This article
148:
139:
138:
129:
126:
118:
108:
107:the talk page
104:
98:
96:
91:This article
89:
80:
79:
74:
72:
65:
64:
59:
58:
53:
48:
39:
38:
30:
19:
3917:Social media
3886:Technophobia
3874:Technophilia
3863:
3717:Echo chamber
3575:Rage farming
3355:Infotainment
2946:
2881:South Africa
2868:Web brigades
2804:Cyberwarfare
2786:Useful idiot
2735:Soviet Union
2680:Fintas Group
2572:Global Times
2570:
2539:cyberwarfare
2300:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2273:
2265:
2232:Whataboutism
2227:Urban legend
2211:
2197:Quote mining
1874:November 24,
1872:. Retrieved
1868:
1859:
1849:November 24,
1847:. Retrieved
1843:
1833:
1823:November 23,
1821:. Retrieved
1817:
1807:
1772:
1762:
1752:November 24,
1750:. Retrieved
1746:
1736:
1726:November 24,
1724:. Retrieved
1719:
1710:
1700:November 24,
1698:. Retrieved
1688:
1678:November 24,
1676:. Retrieved
1672:
1662:
1632:(1): 24–42.
1629:
1625:
1615:
1572:
1568:
1558:
1523:
1513:
1470:
1466:
1456:
1413:
1409:
1403:
1395:
1386:
1377:
1367:
1340:
1334:
1320:
1310:November 22,
1308:. Retrieved
1304:
1256:
1252:
1204:
1200:
1190:
1176:
1149:
1143:
1108:
1104:
1094:
1077:
1067:
1024:
1020:
1010:
1001:
997:
987:
944:
940:
930:
909:cite journal
894:
882:. Retrieved
878:
869:
844:Twitter bomb
824:Sybil attack
739:Internet bot
664:Astroturfing
575:
571:
549:
542:
520:
483:
471:
413:social proof
402:
378:
337:
328:
308:
259:
234:social media
225:
221:
217:
215:
213:
198:
180:
174:October 2023
171:
158:spinning off
151:
121:
115:October 2023
112:
101:Please help
92:
68:
61:
55:
54:Please help
51:
29:social robot
3650:Moral panic
3580:Screen time
3414:News values
3350:Gatekeeping
3292:Externality
3079:Yellow rain
2699:Philippines
2559:Spamouflage
2544:Little Pink
2398:Rothschilds
2388:Red mercury
2103:Gaslighting
2054:Lying press
2024:Doublespeak
1473:: 369–381.
1326:"Botometer"
839:Turing test
814:Social spam
774:Review bomb
568:Twitter bot
506:loop flow,
486:Web service
389:influencers
339:Twitterbots
3906:Categories
3864:Social bot
3854:Sealioning
3612:Conformity
3397:Propaganda
3382:Media bias
3375:Soft media
3206:PolitiFact
3134:Opposition
3010:Sandy Hook
2809:on Estonia
2743:Soviet era
2656:Team Jorge
2632:Godi-media
2393:Reptilians
2363:Illuminati
2222:Truthiness
2212:Social bot
2175:Propaganda
2108:Half-truth
2083:False flag
1901:Cloudflare
1844:techpp.com
1673:TechCrunch
1582:1702.02263
1488:2263/82899
1423:1706.07624
1350:1602.00975
1207:: 107647.
1159:1902.04506
1034:1801.06863
861:References
714:Egosurfing
528:propaganda
450:user names
448:length of
405:superhuman
395:attempts.
218:social bot
162:relocating
97:to readers
57:improve it
3550:Infodemic
3484:Clickbait
3451:Attention
3307:Cognition
3201:NewsGuard
3196:Logically
3191:Full Fact
3088:Venezuela
3022:Fake news
2910:AK Trolls
2601:Funkspiel
2123:Infodemic
2039:Fake news
2014:Denialism
2009:Deception
1654:211051143
1646:1468-4527
1599:2432-2717
1505:240508186
1497:0020-0255
1281:201623201
1273:1558-1896
1231:253359560
1223:0167-9473
1118:1407.5225
1051:1944-2866
971:0001-0782
954:1407.5225
829:Tay (bot)
734:Infodemic
544:Instagram
539:Instagram
534:Platforms
463:followers
399:Detection
351:Instagram
317:, and/or
301:or other
299:passwords
242:algorithm
222:social AI
63:talk page
3879:Neophile
3506:Phubbing
3424:Hot take
3312:Mismatch
3226:USAFacts
3216:StopFake
3112:Force 47
3017:COVID-19
2941:Euromyth
2692:Peñabots
2566:COVID-19
2471:COVID-19
2456:Vaccines
2321:Examples
2207:Smearing
1799:33003478
1607:13122114
1550:15657978
1448:10464463
1440:29235915
1410:Big Data
1059:51877148
884:March 1,
584:See also
556:WhatsApp
552:Facebook
491:honeypot
347:Facebook
332:spambots
3839:Griefer
3645:Mobbing
3479:Chumbox
3431:Spiking
3100:Vietnam
2771:Seat 12
2642:OpIndia
2594:Germany
2061:Fallacy
2034:Factoid
1972:Big lie
1818:Reuters
1135:1914124
979:1914124
849:Votebot
684:Chatbot
562:Twitter
475:Twitter
424:cartoon
359:Discord
325:History
277:Discord
228:, is a
93:may be
3211:Snopes
3027:online
2947:Lancet
2893:Turkey
2731:Russia
2687:Mexico
2675:Kuwait
2651:Israel
2510:Canada
2466:autism
2412:Health
2044:online
1797:
1787:
1747:Medium
1652:
1644:
1605:
1597:
1548:
1538:
1503:
1495:
1446:
1438:
1279:
1271:
1229:
1221:
1133:
1057:
1049:
977:
969:
709:Doxing
699:Devumi
355:Reddit
238:tweets
18:Socbot
3710:Youth
3272:Media
3005:QAnon
2663:Korea
2620:India
2522:China
2436:Ebola
1952:Types
1795:S2CID
1650:S2CID
1603:S2CID
1577:arXiv
1546:S2CID
1501:S2CID
1444:S2CID
1418:arXiv
1345:arXiv
1277:S2CID
1227:S2CID
1154:arXiv
1131:S2CID
1113:arXiv
1055:S2CID
1029:arXiv
975:S2CID
949:arXiv
465:rate)
296:phish
3274:and
2846:2020
2841:2018
2836:2016
2217:Spin
2118:Hoax
2003:list
1938:and
1876:2022
1851:2022
1825:2022
1785:ISBN
1754:2022
1728:2022
1702:2022
1680:2022
1642:ISSN
1595:ISSN
1536:ISBN
1493:ISSN
1436:PMID
1312:2022
1305:CNBC
1269:ISSN
1219:ISSN
1047:ISSN
1004:(2).
967:ISSN
922:help
886:2022
523:ISIS
479:CNBC
459:like
381:APIs
363:APIs
357:and
256:Uses
248:and
1777:doi
1634:doi
1587:doi
1528:doi
1483:hdl
1475:doi
1471:582
1428:doi
1355:doi
1261:doi
1209:doi
1205:179
1164:doi
1123:doi
1082:doi
1039:doi
959:doi
578:API
345:on
294:To
224:or
160:or
3908::
2419:5G
1867:.
1842:.
1816:.
1793:.
1783:.
1771:.
1745:.
1718:.
1671:.
1648:.
1640:.
1630:44
1628:.
1624:.
1601:.
1593:.
1585:.
1571:.
1567:.
1544:.
1534:.
1522:.
1499:.
1491:.
1481:.
1469:.
1465:.
1442:.
1434:.
1426:.
1412:.
1376:.
1353:.
1343:.
1303:.
1289:^
1275:.
1267:.
1257:57
1255:.
1251:.
1239:^
1225:.
1217:.
1203:.
1199:.
1162:.
1152:.
1129:.
1121:.
1109:59
1107:.
1103:.
1080:.
1076:.
1053:.
1045:.
1037:.
1025:12
1023:.
1019:.
1000:.
996:.
973:.
965:.
957:.
945:59
943:.
939:.
913::
911:}}
907:{{
877:.
514:,
510:,
313:,
216:A
66:.
3694:/
3609:/
3264:e
3257:t
3250:v
2733:/
2712:)
2708:(
2005:)
2001:(
1928:e
1921:t
1914:v
1878:.
1853:.
1827:.
1801:.
1779::
1756:.
1730:.
1704:.
1682:.
1656:.
1636::
1609:.
1589::
1579::
1573:1
1552:.
1530::
1507:.
1485::
1477::
1450:.
1430::
1420::
1414:5
1380:.
1361:.
1357::
1347::
1328:.
1314:.
1283:.
1263::
1233:.
1211::
1184:.
1170:.
1166::
1156::
1137:.
1125::
1115::
1088:.
1084::
1061:.
1041::
1031::
1002:1
981:.
961::
951::
924:)
920:(
888:.
461:/
433:)
305:.
288:.
279:.
272:.
205:)
199:(
187:)
181:(
176:)
172:(
168:.
154:.
128:)
122:(
117:)
113:(
109:.
99:.
73:)
69:(
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.