1310: It was based around the notion of persons as scientists who form and test theories about their worlds. Therefore, it represented one of the first attempts to appreciate the constructive nature of experience and the meaning persons give to their experience. Social constructionism (SC), on the other hand, mainly developed as a form of a critique, aimed to transform the oppressing effects of the social meaning-making processes. Over the years, it has grown into a cluster of different approaches, with no single SC position. However, different approaches under the generic term of SC are loosely linked by some shared assumptions about language, knowledge, and reality.
3432:: "Berger and Luckmann stressed the role of typification and other constitutional processes like meaning and knowledge only, as they state explicitly – a difference which has hardly been addressed in the literature – because it is "knowledge that guides conduct in everyday life" (1966: 33). The social construction, Berger and Luckmann stress, is accomplished not by meaning, typification, or consciousness; social reality is, rather, constructed by processes which are specifically social, such as social actions, social interactions, and institutions."
1998:
characteristics are. One example of the contradiction is that the claim that "phenomena must be measured by what is considered average in their respective cultures, not by an objective standard." Since there are languages that have no word for average and therefore the whole application of the concept of "average" to such cultures contradict social constructionism's own claim that cultures can only be measured by their own standards. Social constructionism is a diverse field with varying stances on these matters. Some social constructionists do acknowledge the existence of an
1063:, and even the idea of 'social construct' itself. These constructs are not universal truths but are flexible entities that can vary dramatically across different cultures and societies. They arise from collaborative consensus and are shaped and maintained through collective human interactions, cultural practices, and shared beliefs. This articulates the view that people in society construct ideas or concepts that may not exist without the existence of people or language to validate those concepts, meaning without a society these constructs would cease to exist.
1969:'s argument that many adopt social constructionism because of its potentially liberating stance: if things are the way that they are only because of human social conventions, as opposed to being so naturally, then it should be possible to change them into how people would rather have them be. He then states that social constructionists argue that people should refrain from making absolute judgements about what is true and instead state that something is true in the light of this or that theory. Countering this, he states:
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1390:, examine how media has framed the poor in the U.S. and how negative framing has caused a shift in government spending. Since 1960, the government has decreasingly spent money on social services such as welfare. Evidence shows the media framing the poor more negatively since 1960, with more usage of words such as "lazy" and "fraud".
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Criminology has long focussed on why and how society defines criminal behavior and crime in general. While looking at crime through a social constructionism lens, there is evidence to support that criminal acts are a social construct where abnormal or deviant acts become a crime based on the views of
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published in 1966, this concept found its hold. More than four decades later, much theory and research pledged itself to the basic tenet that people "make their social and cultural worlds at the same time these worlds make them." It is a viewpoint that uproots social processes "simultaneously playful
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Reframing the relationship between PCP and SC may be of use in both the PCP and the SC communities. On one hand, it extends and enriches SC theory and points to benefits of applying the PCP "toolkit" in constructionist therapy and research. On the other hand, the reframing contributes to PCP theory
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A usual way of thinking about the relationship between PCP and SC is treating them as two separate entities that are similar in some aspects, but also very different in others. This way of conceptualizing this relationship is a logical result of the circumstantial differences of their emergence. In
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In social constructionist terms, "taken-for-granted realities" are cultivated from "interactions between and among social agents"; furthermore, reality is not some objective truth "waiting to be uncovered through positivist scientific inquiry." Rather, there can be "multiple realities that compete
2002:
but argue that human understanding and interpretation of that reality are socially constructed. Others might contend that while the term "average" may not exist in all languages, equivalent or analogous concepts might still be applied within those cultures, thereby not completely invalidating the
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come to be presented as part of an objective reality, particularly for future generations who were not involved in the original process of negotiation. For example, as parents negotiate rules for their children to follow, those rules confront the children as externally produced "givens" that they
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said, "The real environment is altogether too big, too complex, and too fleeting for direct acquaintance" between people and their environment. Each person constructs a pseudo-environment that is a subjective, biased, and necessarily abridged mental image of the world, and to a degree, everyone's
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society. Another explanation of crime as it relates to social constructionism are individual identity constructs that result in deviant behavior. If someone has constructed the identity of a "madman" or "criminal" for themselves based on a society's definition, it may force them to follow that
1997:
Alan Sokal also criticize social constructionism for contradicting itself on the knowability of the existence of societies. The argument is that if there was no knowable objective reality, there would be no way of knowing whether or not societies exist and if so, what their rules and other
1828:, the British sociologist Dave Elder-Vass places the development of social constructionism as one outcome of the legacy of postmodernism. He writes "Perhaps the most widespread and influential product of this process is social constructionism, which has been booming since the 1980s."
1331: Although some of the most important issues in contemporary psychology are elaborated in these contributions, the polarized positioning also sustained the idea of a separation between PCP and SC, paving the way for only limited opportunities for dialogue between them.
1948:, which was published, was an experiment to see if the journal would "publish an article liberally salted with nonsense if (a) it sounded good and (b) it flattered the editors' ideological preconceptions." In 1999, Sokal, with coauthor Jean Bricmont published the book
1554:. In their model, people interact on the understanding that their perceptions of everyday life are shared with others, and this common knowledge of reality is in turn reinforced by these interactions. Since this common sense knowledge is negotiated by people, human
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Although the phrase "social construction" had been used by Ward as early as 1905, we will try to show here that the concept only took off after the publication of Berger and
Luckmann's book, particularly after the publication of an inexpensive paperback edition in
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and serious, by which reality is both revealed and concealed, created and destroyed by our activities." It provides a substitute to the "Western intellectual tradition" where the researcher "earnestly seeks certainty in a representation of reality by means of
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Burr, V. (1992). Construing relationships: Some thoughts on PCP and discourse. In A. Thompson & P. Cummins (Eds.), European perspectives in personal construct psychology: Selected papers from the inaugural conference of the EPCA (pp. 22–35). Lincoln, UK:
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But it is hard to see how we might coherently follow this advice. Given that the propositions which make up epistemic systems are just very general propositions about what absolutely justifies what, it makes no sense to insist that we abandon making absolute
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pseudo-environment is a fiction. People "live in the same world, but they think and feel in different ones." Lippman's "environment" might be called "reality", and his "pseudo-environment" seems equivalent to what today is called "constructed reality".
972:, whether or not these are empirically verifiable. In this two-way process of reality construction, individuals not only interpret and assimilate information through their social relations but also contribute to shaping existing societal narratives.
1351:. While social constructionism focuses on the artifacts that are created through the social interactions of a group, social constructivism focuses on an individual's learning that takes place because of his or her interactions in a group.
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Social constructionism posits that the meanings of phenomena do not have an independent foundation outside the mental and linguistic representation that people develop about them throughout their history, and which becomes their shared
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A broad definition of social constructionism has its supporters and critics in the organizational sciences. A constructionist approach to various organizational and managerial phenomena appear to be more commonplace and on the rise.
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Drost, Alexander. "Borders. A Narrative Turn – Reflections on
Concepts, Practices and their Communication", in: Olivier Mentz and Tracey McKay (eds.), Unity in Diversity. European Perspectives on Borders and Memories, Berlin 2017,
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subsequent analyses these differences between PCP and SC were framed around several points of tension, formulated as binary oppositions: personal/social; individualist/relational; agency/structure; constructivist/constructionist.
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have shown almost always substantial influences of both genetics and social, often in an inseparable manner. Claims that genetics does not affect humans are seen as outdated by most contemporary scholars of human development.
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Social constructivism has been studied by many educational psychologists, who are concerned with its implications for teaching and learning. For more on the psychological dimensions of social constructivism, see the work of
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Botella, L. (1995). Personal construct psychology, constructivism and postmodern thought. In R.A. Neimeyer & G.J. Neimeyer (Eds.), Advances in personal construct psychology (Vol. 3, pp. 3–35). Greenwich, CT: JAI
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A social construct or construction is the meaning, notion, or connotation placed on an object or event by a society, and adopted by that society with respect to how they view or deal with the object or event.
1083:. From a linguistic viewpoint, social constructionism centres meaning as an internal reference within language (words refer to words, definitions to other definitions) rather than to an external reality.
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Andy Lock and Tom Strong trace some of the fundamental tenets of social constructionism back to the work of the 18th-century
Italian political philosopher, rhetorician, historian, and jurist
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The social construction of target populations refers to the cultural characterizations or popular images of the persons or groups whose behavior and well-being are affected by public policy.
1619:, and others used social constructionism to relate what science has typically characterized as objective facts to the processes of social construction. Their goal was to show that human
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and
Croissant, J., "Social Constructionism in Science and Technology Studies" (Handbook of Constructionist Research, ed. J.A. Holstein & J.F. Gubrium) Guilford, NY 2008, 213–229;
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wrote, "Public opinion and crime facts demonstrate no congruence. The reality of crime in the United States has been subverted to a constructed reality as ephemeral as swamp gas."
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953:. The theory of social constructionism posits that much of what individuals perceive as 'reality' is actually the outcome of a dynamic process of construction influenced by
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Vera
Idaresit Akpan, Udodirim Angela Igwe, Ikechukwu Blessing, Ijeoma Mpamah, Charity Onyinyechi Okoro, "Social constructivism: Implications on Teaching and Learning", in:
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for truth and legitimacy." Social constructionism understands the "fundamental role of language and communication" and this understanding has "contributed to the
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Unlike phenomena that are innately determined or biologically predetermined, these social constructs are collectively formulated, sustained, and shaped by the
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1643:, Maarten van Wesel, etc. Despite its common perception as objective, mathematics is not immune to social constructionist accounts. Sociologists such as
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in which they exist. These constructs significantly impact both the behavior and perceptions of individuals, often being internalized based on cultural
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Kitsuse, John I.; Spector, Malcolm (April 1973). "Toward a
Sociology of Social Problems: Social Conditions, Value-Judgments, and Social Problems".
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Shotter, J.; Lannamann, J. (2002). "The situation of social constructionism: Its imprisonment within the ritual of theory-criticism-and-debate".
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Stojnov, Dusan; Butt, Trevor (2002). "The relational basis of personal construct psychology". In
Neimeyer, Robert A.; Neimeyer, Greg J. (eds.).
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Pavlović, Jelena (11 May 2011). "Personal construct psychology and social constructionism are not incompatible: Implications of a reframing".
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During the 1970s and 1980s, social constructionist theory underwent a transformation as constructionist sociologists engaged with the work of
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imposes itself on the facts taken as objective, not solely the other way around. A particularly provocative title in this line of thought is
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theory". The majority of social constructionists abide by the belief that "language does not mirror reality; rather, it constitutes it."
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Neimeyer, Robert A.; Levitt, Heidi (January 2000). "What's narrative got to do with it? Construction and coherence in accounts of loss".
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In 1996, to illustrate what he believed to be the intellectual weaknesses of social constructionism and postmodernism, physics professor
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Raskin, J.D. (2002). "Constructivism in psychology: Personal construct psychology, radical constructivism, and social constructionism".
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Shotter, J., & Gergen, K. J., Social construction: Knowledge, self, others, and continuing the conversation. In S. A. Deetz (Ed.),
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in human behavior, excluding the influence of innate biological tendencies. This criticism has been explored by psychologists such as
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Derrida, "Structure, Sign, and Play" (1966), as printed/translated by
Macksey & Donato (1970). pp. 278. Derrida quotes Montagne
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According to Lock and Strong, other influential thinkers whose work has affected the development of social constructionism are:
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deliberately written to be incomprehensible but including phrases and jargon typical of the articles published by the journal.
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Woolgar, Steve; Pawluch, Dorothy (February 1985). "Ontological
Gerrymandering: The Anatomy of Social Problems Explanations".
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and others as a narrative turn in the social sciences was worked out in practice. This particularly affected the emergent
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1631:. At the same time, social constructionism shaped studies of technology – the Sofield, especially on the
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Metzner-Szigeth, Andreas (2015). "Constructions of
Environmental Issues in Scientific and Public Discourse". Figshare.
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3909:, (1998), Social Constructivism as a Philosophy of Mathematics; Albany, New York: State University of New York Press
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Mancuso, J (1998). "Can an avowed adherent of personal-construct psychology be counted as a social constructions?".
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3664:. 2011. "The Nature–Nurture Issue (an Illustration Using Behaviour-Genetic Research on Cognitive Development)." In
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Social constructionism has also been criticized for having an overly narrow focus on society and culture as a
1289:(PCP) has mainly developed as a constructivist theory of personality and a system of transforming individual
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judgements about what justifies what. But in effect this is what the epistemic relativist is recommending.
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Constructing Organizational Life: How Social-Symbolic Work Shapes Selves, Organizations, and Institutions
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Fairhurst, Gail T.; Grant, David (1 May 2010). "The Social Construction of Leadership: A Sailing Guide".
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a fundamental doctrine of Jainism setting forth a pluralistic metaphysics and epistemology, traceable to
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3903:. Trans. Konrad Kellen & Jean Lerner. New York: Knopf, 1965. New York: Random House/ Vintage 1973
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wrote that, "We need to interpret interpretations more than to interpret things." In 1886 or 1887,
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945:—are formed through continuous interactions and negotiations among society's members, rather than
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921:. The term can serve somewhat different functions in each field; however, the foundation of this
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on behaviour and culture, or suggests that they are unimportant to achieve an understanding of
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Why we do not always get what we want: The power imbalance in the Social Shaping of Technology
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3238:"Framing the Poor: Media Coverage and <scp>U.S.</scp> Poverty Policy, 1960–2008"
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1546:. Berger and Luckmann argue that all knowledge, including the most basic, taken-for-granted
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Procter, Harry G. (2015). "Family Construct Psychology". In Walrond-Skinner, Sue (ed.).
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Palincsar, A.S. (1998). "Social constructivist perspectives on teaching and learning".
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2020:
1991:
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of human social existence and activity. These worldviews are gradually crystallized by
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and points to new ways of addressing social construction in therapeutic conversations.
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Cultural Landscapes of Post-Socialist Cities : Representation of Powers and Needs
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The Social Construction of Reality : A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge
3814:
4038:
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3147:
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Burkitt, I (1996). "Social and personal constructs: A division left unresolved".
2945:
2328:"Social Construction of Target Populations: Implications for Politics and Policy"
1931:
that they believe fail to take into account the evolved properties of the brain.
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3324:"Social Constructionism and Criminology: Traditions, Problems and Possibilities"
3211:
3142:); Saul McLeod, "Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development", in:
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Each person creates their own "constructed reality" that drives their behaviors.
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30:"Constructed reality" redirects here. For the effect in reality television, see
3827:
Sokal, Alan D. (March 2008) "Beyond the Hoax: Science, Philosophy, and Culture"
2730:
Mair, John Miller (1977). "The Community of Self". In Bannister, Donald (ed.).
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Stam, H.J. (2001). "Introduction: Social constructionism and its critiques".
2584:
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cannot change. Berger and Luckmann's social constructionism has its roots in
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4108:
Liberalism and the Problem of Knowledge: A New Rhetoric for Modern Democracy
3984:
Lowenthal, P., & Muth, R. Constructivism. In E. F. Provenzo, Jr. (Ed.),
3946:
Hibberd, F. J., Unfolding Social Constructionism. New York: Springer, 2005.
2384:
The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge
2128:
The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge
1898:
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3370:"The Common Denominator: The Reception and Impact of Berger and Luckmann's
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Together: Communicating interpersonally – A social construction approach
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3737:
The adapted mind: Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture
3237:
3140:
https://www.eajournals.org/wp-content/uploads/Social-Constructivism.pdf
2523:. Stanford, California: Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.
2359:
1990:
Woolgar and Pawluch argue that constructionists tend to "ontologically
1878:
1790:
1701: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1460: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1080:
950:
930:
102:
4175:
3253:
2827:
Harré, R., & Gillett, D. (1994). The discursive mind. London: Sage
2801:
Advances of personal construct theory: New directions and perspectives
5923:
5586:
4677:
4647:
4499:
4411:
4342:
3483:
Technological Change: Methods and Themes in the History of Technology
2419:(Spring 2019 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
2327:
992:
934:
4292:
2776:
Developments in Family Therapy: Theories and Applications Since 1948
2628:
Social Constructionism: Sources and Stirrings in Theory and Practice
2343:
1877:
Critics argue that social constructionism rejects the influences of
1371:
Some of the systemic models that use social constructionism include
4167:
3328:
Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention
3277:
Constructing Crime: Perspectives on Making News and Social Problems
1388:
Framing the Poor: Media Coverage and U.S. Poverty Policy, 1960-2008
4687:
4682:
4662:
4470:
4039:
The Certainty of Uncertainty: Dialogues Introducing Constructivism
1403:
Constructing Crime: Perspective on Making News And Social Problems
1090:
980:
4186:, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
1663:
have published social constructionist treatments of mathematics.
1550:
knowledge of everyday reality, is derived from and maintained by
5802:
4672:
3986:
Encyclopedia of the social and cultural foundations of education
3636:
Nature via Nurture: Genes, Experience, & What Makes Us Human
3594:
Fashionable Nonsense: Postmodern Intellectuals' Abuse of Science
1817:
by upbringing and education. Together, these become part of the
6544:
5669:
4296:
2258:
Social Construction and the Transformation of Identity Politics
1629:
Constructing Quarks: A Sociological History of Particle Physics
1841:
1670:
1425:
4017:
Relational Responsibility: Resources for Sustainable Dialogue
4084:
Conversational realities: Constructing life through language
3014:
Butt, T.W. (2001). "Social action and personal constructs".
1965:
has also written against social constructionism. He follows
32:
Criticism of reality television § Scripting and staging
4126:
The Literary Animal: Evolution and the Nature of Narrative.
3998:(Eds.). Therapy as Social Construction. London: Sage, 1992
3093:
3091:
1978:
judgements about what justifies what while allowing us to
1911:
as well as by Asian Studies scholar Edward Slingerland in
2003:
principle of cultural relativity in measuring phenomena.
1125:
Social constructionism has more recently been rooted in "
3882:
Images of Issues: Typifying Contemporary Social Problems
3852:
Fear of Knowledge: Against Relativism and Constructivism
3848:
Fear of Knowledge: Against Relativism and Constructivism
3781:
Fear of Knowledge: Against Relativism and Constructivism
3544:"The Sociological Construction of Gender and Sexuality"
1858:
1809:, religion and philosophy; maintained by therapies and
5442:
The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction
3924:
Radical Constructivism: A Way of Knowing and Learning
3162:
Radical Constructivism: A Way of Knowing and Learning
2171:"Social constructionism | Society and Culture | MCAT"
7742:
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4628:
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4330:
3958:
Social Constructivism and the Philosophy of Science
3919:. Los Angeles: Sage, 2015 (3d edition, first 1999).
27:
Sociological theory regarding shared understandings
4100:. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2014.
4059:Histories and Discourses: Rewriting Constructivism
3988:(pp. 177–179). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2008.
3685:The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature
3236:Rose, Max; Baumgartner, Frank R. (February 2013).
2778:. London: Routledge & Kega. pp. 350–367.
2698:
2662:
1994:" social conditions in and out of their analysis.
1532:Constructionism became prominent in the U.S. with
4089:Stewart, J., Zediker, K. E., & Witteborn, S.
3479:"The Social Construction of Technology: a Review"
3317:
3315:
3313:
3275:Gary W. Potter; Victor E. Kappeler, eds. (1998).
2439:"Language and the social construction of reality"
2195:Jorgensen, Marianne; Phillips, Louise J. (2002).
1789:interaction with society at a time. The numerous
979:range widely, encompassing the assigned value of
4184:"Naturalistic Approaches to Social Construction"
3850:. Oxford University Press, 2006. Online review:
2571:(2). Thouisand Oaks, California: Sage: 171–210.
2531:– via Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
2413:"Naturalistic Approaches to Social Construction"
2232:"Race and Racial Identity Are Social Constructs"
1793:so formed comprise, according to this view, the
4227:(pp. 3–33). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1994.
4098:Contemporary Social Constructionism: Key Themes
3754:"A Physicist Experiments With Cultural Studies"
3735:Barkow, J., Cosmides, L. & Tooby, J. 1992.
3668:(2nd ed.), edited by A. Slater and G. Bremner.
3426:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKnoblauch2016 (
3108:(3). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage: 396–411.
2619:
2617:
2092: – Alleged model of social science thought
1971:
1181:as a large influence as he created the idea of
3148:https://www.simplypsychology.org/vygotsky.html
1469:"social construction" Berger and Luckmann
1347:states that people work together to construct
6556:
5681:
4308:
4128:Evanston, IL, Northwestern University Press;
2732:New Perspectives in Personal Construct Theory
2661:Bannister, Donald; Mair, John Miller (1968).
1938:submitted an article to the academic journal
1386:Max Rose and Frank R. Baumgartner (2013), in
1185:which influenced social construction theory.
887:
8:
4550:
4504:
4490:
4110:Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996;
3900:Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes
3616:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2326:Schneider, Anne; Ingram, Helen (June 1993).
2230:Onwuachi-Willig, Angela (6 September 2016).
1773:Within the social constructionist strand of
3936:Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999;
3666:An Introduction to Developmental Psychology
3138:Vol.8, Issue 8, pp. 49-56, September 2020 (
2763:. Philadelphia: Brunner Routledge: 401–412.
2381:Berger, Peter L.; Luckmann, Thomas (2011).
2302:"Social Constructionism | Encyclopedia.com"
2125:Berger, Peter L.; Luckmann, Thomas (2011).
1293:processes, largely in therapeutic contexts.
1109:"Facts do not exist, only interpretations."
7510:
6776:
6563:
6549:
6541:
6341:
5688:
5674:
5666:
4632:
4315:
4301:
4293:
3448:. London: Taylor and Francis. p. 34.
894:
880:
65:
49:
6307:Relationship between religion and science
4093:(6th ed). Los Angeles, CA: Roxbury, 2005.
4019:. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage, 2005.
3422:
3349:
3339:
2946:An introduction to social constructionism
2406:
2404:
2197:"Discourse Analysis as Theory and Method"
1805:conventions; given ongoing legitimacy by
1761:Learn how and when to remove this message
1520:Learn how and when to remove this message
7727:Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance
3783:, Oxford University Press, 2006, 152pp,
3587:
3585:
2050:Constructivism (international relations)
1448:Relevant discussion may be found on the
3670:British Psychological Society Blackwell
3660:Esposito, E. A., E. L. Grigorenko, and
2520:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2437:St. Clair, Robert N. (1 October 1982).
2417:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2117:
57:
4212:
4201:
3609:
3592:Sokal, A., & Bricmont, J. (1999).
7219:Psychological effects of Internet use
4034:. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2000.
2701:The Psychology of Personal Constructs
2665:The Evaluation of Personal Constructs
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2538:
1583:, who was also Berger's PhD adviser.
7:
3917:An Invitation to Social Construction
3485:. Psychology Press. pp. 17–35.
3051:Journal of Constructivist Psychology
1699:adding citations to reliable sources
1458:adding citations to reliable sources
7199:Digital media use and mental health
4069:The Construction of Social Reality.
3739:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3542:Brickell, Chris (1 February 2006).
2606:Janet Tibaldo (19 September 2013).
2169:Brown, Sydney (17 September 2013),
1285:Since its appearance in the 1950s,
1177:Berger and Luckmann give credit to
6830:Automatic and controlled processes
3712:What Science Offers the Humanities
3530:The Reality of Social Construction
3372:The Social Construction of Reality
2669:. London: Academic Press. p.
2564:Management Communication Quarterly
1913:What Science Offers the Humanities
1826:The Reality of Social Construction
1543:The Social Construction of Reality
1413:, resulting in criminal behavior.
1143:The Social Construction of Reality
25:
7239:Smartphones and pedestrian safety
6327:Sociology of scientific knowledge
6322:Sociology of scientific ignorance
6275:History and philosophy of science
4061:. Exeter: Imprint-Academic, 2007.
4041:. Exeter: Imprint-Academic, 2004.
3974:. Oxford University Press, 2019.
3970:Lawrence, T. B. and Phillips, N.
2332:American Political Science Review
2096:Social construction of technology
1633:social construction of technology
1159:" and more recently the "turn to
7890:
7877:
7865:
7864:
7264:Mobile phones and driving safety
6524:
6512:
5512:The Closing of the American Mind
5432:Civilization and Its Discontents
5412:A Vindication of Natural Society
4280:
4266:
4086:. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1993.
3934:The Social Construction of What?
3926:. London: RoutledgeFalmer, 1995.
3560:10.1111/j.1467-954X.2006.00603.x
3322:Lindgren, Sven-Ă…ke (June 2005).
2624:Lock, Andy; Strong, Tom (2010).
2013:
1845:
1801:into institutions propped up by
1675:
1430:
861:
7167:Computer-mediated communication
3532:. Cambridge University Press, 4
3160:von Glasersfeld, Ernst (1995).
2159:, NYU Arts & Science, 2001.
1686:needs additional citations for
1441:needs additional citations for
447:Peace, war, and social conflict
7444:Empathising–systemising theory
6747:female intrasexual competition
6684:Evolutionarily stable strategy
5716:Analytic–synthetic distinction
3715:. Cambridge University Press.
3182:10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.345
3078:American Communication Journal
2513:Woodruff Smith, David (2018).
1601:science and technology studies
1:
7804:Standard social science model
6857:Cognitive tradeoff hypothesis
5402:Oration on the Dignity of Man
4271:The dictionary definition of
3815:10.1525/sp.1985.32.3.03a00020
3688:. Penguin Books. p. 40.
3442:Czepczynski, Mariusz (2016).
2517:. In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.).
2455:10.1016/S0388-0001(82)80006-5
2415:, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.),
2090:Standard social science model
1925:standard social science model
1891:gene–environment interactions
1659:, and philosophers including
1343:Like social constructionism,
1287:personal construct psychology
1281:Personal construct psychology
7652:Missing heritability problem
7244:Social aspects of television
6867:Evolution of nervous systems
6835:Computational theory of mind
5472:The Society of the Spectacle
4257:Resources in other libraries
4071:New York: Free Press, 1995;
4032:Reconstructing communicating
3709:Slingerland, Edward (2008).
3136:British Journal of Education
2153:What Is Social Construction?
1958:and social constructionism.
7898:Evolutionary biology portal
6049:Hypothetico-deductive model
6024:Deductive-nomological model
6009:Constructivist epistemology
4196:10.6084/m9.figshare.1317394
3960:, London: Routledge, 2000.
3506:van Wesel, Maarten (2006).
3170:Annual Review of Psychology
3146:, Updated August 18, 2022 (
2888:10.1177/0959354302012005895
2853:10.1177/0959354302012005894
2055:Constructivist epistemology
1651:, mathematicians including
1401:, in their introduction to
1363:and A. Sullivan Palincsar.
925:suggests various facets of
7976:
7859:Evolutionary psychologists
7732:Trivers–Willard hypothesis
7647:Human–animal communication
7359:Ovulatory shift hypothesis
7209:Imprinted brain hypothesis
7177:Human–computer interaction
4225:Communication Yearbook, 17
2761:Journal of Loss and Trauma
2634:Cambridge University Press
2085:Phenomenology (psychology)
1885:. Scientific estimates of
1835:
1635:, or SCOT, and authors as
1399:Potter and Kappeler (1996)
1322:Excessive citations inline
1301:Excessive citations inline
118:Human environmental impact
36:
29:
7853:
7779:Environmental determinism
7750:Cultural selection theory
7637:Evolutionary epistemology
7551:evolutionary neuroscience
7224:Rank theory of depression
6726:Parent–offspring conflict
6578:
6503:
6110:Semantic view of theories
6029:Epistemological anarchism
5966:dependent and independent
5650:
5542:Intellectuals and Society
5492:The Culture of Narcissism
4252:Resources in your library
3891:, 2nd ed. Routledge 2003.
3884:, New York: Gruyter, 1989
3390:10.1007/s10746-016-9387-3
3341:10.1080/14043850510035119
3063:10.1080/10720539808405221
2803:. Westport, Connecticut:
1599:and the growing field of
7672:Cultural group selection
7556:Biocultural anthropology
7249:Societal impacts of cars
7182:Media naturalness theory
6872:Fight-or-flight response
5852:Intertheoretic reduction
5841:Ignoramus et ignorabimus
5818:Functional contextualism
5532:The Malaise of Modernity
5482:The History of Sexuality
4581:Catholic social teaching
3481:. In Fox, Robert (ed.).
3114:10.1177/0959354310380302
3028:10.1177/0959354301111007
2983:10.1177/0959354396061005
2923:10.1177/0959354301113001
2577:10.1177/0893318909359697
2276:"Social constructionism"
1710:"Social constructionism"
1579:through the teaching of
1377:Solution Focused Therapy
212:Structural functionalism
37:Not to be confused with
7872:Evolutionary psychology
7836:Sociocultural evolution
7677:Dual inheritance theory
7134:Personality development
6595:Theoretical foundations
6572:Evolutionary psychology
6337:Philosophers of science
6115:Scientific essentialism
6064:Model-dependent realism
5999:Constructive empiricism
5892:Evidence-based practice
5612:Philosophy of education
3682:Pinker, Steven (2016).
3548:The Sociological Review
3101:Theory & Psychology
3016:Theory & Psychology
2971:Theory & Psychology
2911:Theory & Psychology
2876:Theory & Psychology
2840:Theory & Psychology
2632:. Cambridge; New York:
1417:History and development
1327:considered for deletion
1306:considered for deletion
1127:symbolic interactionism
232:Symbolic interactionism
127:Industrial revolutions
7955:Sociology of knowledge
7920:Social constructionism
7794:Social constructionism
7789:Psychological nativism
7764:Biological determinism
7712:Recent human evolution
7707:Punctuated equilibrium
7530:Behavioral epigenetics
7525:evolutionary economics
7494:Variability hypothesis
7439:Emotional intelligence
7172:Engineering psychology
6862:Evolution of the brain
6420:Alfred North Whitehead
6410:Charles Sanders Peirce
4551:
4505:
4491:
4287:Social constructionism
4285:Quotations related to
4274:social constructionism
4243:Social constructionism
4211:Cite journal requires
3889:Social Constructionism
3528:Dave Elder-Vass. 2012.
3368:; Wilke, René (2016).
3242:Policy Studies Journal
2080:Parametric determinism
2045:Construct (philosophy)
1988:
1339:Educational psychology
1183:sociology of knowledge
1096:
907:Social constructionism
222:Social constructionism
7960:Sociological theories
7821:Multilineal evolution
7784:Nature versus nurture
7743:Theoretical positions
7591:Functional psychology
7586:Evolutionary medicine
7561:Biological psychiatry
7269:Texting while driving
7259:Lead–crime hypothesis
7119:Cognitive development
7104:Caregiver deprivation
6615:Gene selection theory
6519:Philosophy portal
6270:Hard and soft science
6265:Faith and rationality
6134:Scientific skepticism
5914:Scientific Revolution
5697:Philosophy of science
5617:Philosophy of history
5607:Philosophy of culture
5502:A Conflict of Visions
3922:Glasersfeld, E. von,
3596:. New York: Picador.
3477:Pinch, T. J. (1996).
2202:. SAGE Publications.
1887:nature versus nurture
1836:Further information:
1361:Ernst von Glasersfeld
1345:social constructivism
1198:Maurice Merleau-Ponty
1099:In the 16th century,
1094:
947:empirical observation
923:theoretical framework
597:Conversation analysis
172:Social stratification
39:Social constructivism
7925:Communication theory
7774:Cultural determinism
7581:Evolutionary biology
7566:Cognitive psychology
7514:Academic disciplines
7162:Cognitive ergonomics
7129:Language acquisition
7109:Childhood attachment
6922:Wason selection task
6816:Behavioral modernity
6605:Cognitive revolution
6588:Evolutionary thought
6245:Criticism of science
6120:Scientific formalism
6004:Constructive realism
5909:Scientific pluralism
5882:Problem of induction
5622:Political philosophy
5422:Democracy in America
3164:. London: Routledge.
2738:. pp. 125–149.
2411:Mallon, Ron (2019),
1951:Fashionable Nonsense
1821:of social citizens.
1695:improve this article
1597:sociology of science
1454:improve this article
1272:, and John Shotter.
919:communication theory
7950:Social epistemology
7940:Human communication
7841:Unilineal evolution
7606:Population genetics
7391:Sexy son hypothesis
7329:Hormonal motivation
7309:Concealed ovulation
6850:Dual process theory
6721:Parental investment
6312:Rhetoric of science
6250:Descriptive science
5994:Confirmation holism
5887:Scientific evidence
5847:Inductive reasoning
5776:Demarcation problem
5462:One-Dimensional Man
3662:Robert J. Sternberg
2949:. London: Routledge
2807:. pp. 81–113.
2387:. Open Road Media.
2151:Boghossian, Paul. "
2131:. Open Road Media.
2101:Social epistemology
1954:, which criticized
1813:; and subjectively
1552:social interactions
1422:Berger and Luckmann
1238:Ludwig Wittgenstein
1234:George Herbert Mead
1105:Friedrich Nietzsche
1101:Michel de Montaigne
1061:social institutions
1029:the modern calendar
182:Social cycle theory
53:Part of a series on
7799:Social determinism
7682:Fisher's principle
7642:Great ape language
7632:Cultural evolution
7601:Philosophy of mind
7434:Division of labour
7396:Westermarck effect
7344:Mating preferences
7254:Distracted driving
6988:Literary criticism
6845:Domain specificity
6825:modularity of mind
6531:Science portal
6460:Carl Gustav Hempel
6415:Wilhelm Windelband
6302:Questionable cause
6125:Scientific realism
5946:Underdetermination
5781:Empirical evidence
5771:Creative synthesis
5582:Cultural pessimism
5577:Cultural criticism
4476:National character
3279:. Waveland Press.
2805:Praeger Publishing
2608:"Discourse Theory"
2262:Swarthmore College
2236:The New York Times
1857:. You can help by
1605:Karin Knorr-Cetina
1226:Valentin Volosinov
1206:Hans-Georg Gadamer
1107:put it similarly:
1097:
955:social conventions
909:is a term used in
868:Society portal
491:History of science
472:Race and ethnicity
152:Social environment
43:Social determinism
7930:Consensus reality
7907:
7906:
7885:Psychology portal
7849:
7848:
7692:Hologenome theory
7662:Unit of selection
7657:Primate cognition
7571:Cognitive science
7502:
7501:
7373:Sexual attraction
7349:Mating strategies
7114:Cinderella effect
7044:Moral foundations
6948:Visual perception
6840:Domain generality
6809:Facial expression
6757:Sexual dimorphism
6716:Natural selection
6662:Hamiltonian spite
6538:
6537:
6380:
6379:
6292:Normative science
6149:Uniformitarianism
5904:Scientific method
5798:Explanatory power
5663:
5662:
5379:
5378:
4524:Spontaneous order
4514:Social alienation
4363:Cultural heritage
4324:Social philosophy
4238:Library resources
4053:978-1-59385-305-1
3980:978-0-19-884002-2
3966:978-0-415-23419-1
3779:Paul Boghossian,
3603:978-0-312-20407-5
3492:978-3-7186-5792-6
3455:978-1-317-15640-6
3366:Knoblauch, Hubert
3254:10.1111/psj.12001
3144:Simply Psychology
2943:Burr, V. (1995),
2443:Language Sciences
2394:978-1-4532-1546-3
2282:. 4 December 2017
2138:978-1-4532-1546-3
2106:Ubuntu philosophy
2040:Consensus reality
2000:objective reality
1875:
1874:
1771:
1770:
1763:
1745:
1603:. In particular,
1530:
1529:
1522:
1504:
1373:Narrative Therapy
1172:Giambattista Vico
1111:In his 1922 book
983:, conceptions of
977:social constructs
904:
903:
622:Social experiment
502:Social psychology
147:Social complexity
16:(Redirected from
7967:
7894:
7881:
7868:
7867:
7511:
7507:Related subjects
7294:Adult attachment
6821:Cognitive module
6777:
6764:Social selection
6738:Costly signaling
6733:Sexual selection
6620:Modern synthesis
6565:
6558:
6551:
6542:
6529:
6528:
6517:
6516:
6515:
6490:Bas van Fraassen
6445:Hans Reichenbach
6425:Bertrand Russell
6342:
6168:Philosophy of...
5951:Unity of science
5744:Commensurability
5690:
5683:
5676:
5667:
5627:Social criticism
5547:
5537:
5527:
5517:
5507:
5497:
5487:
5477:
5467:
5457:
5447:
5437:
5427:
5417:
5407:
5397:
4633:
4615:Frankfurt School
4593:Communitarianism
4556:
4510:
4496:
4317:
4310:
4303:
4294:
4284:
4270:
4220:
4214:
4209:
4207:
4199:
4179:
4057:Schmidt, S. J.,
3828:
3825:
3819:
3818:
3798:
3792:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3746:
3740:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3679:
3673:
3658:
3652:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3615:
3607:
3589:
3580:
3579:
3539:
3533:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3474:
3468:
3467:
3439:
3433:
3431:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3343:
3319:
3308:
3306:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3165:
3157:
3151:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3095:
3086:
3085:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3011:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2966:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2941:
2935:
2934:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2834:
2828:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2704:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2668:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2631:
2621:
2612:
2611:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2558:
2533:
2532:
2510:
2504:
2502:
2482:
2476:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2408:
2399:
2398:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2306:encyclopedia.com
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2272:
2266:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2212:. Archived from
2201:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2166:
2160:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2122:
2023:
2018:
2017:
1870:
1867:
1849:
1842:
1766:
1759:
1755:
1752:
1746:
1744:
1703:
1679:
1671:
1625:Andrew Pickering
1525:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1505:
1503:
1462:
1434:
1426:
1367:Systemic therapy
1330:
1309:
1246:Harold Garfinkel
1218:Emmanuel Levinas
1202:Martin Heidegger
1013:social hierarchy
989:beauty standards
987:/self-identity,
951:physical reality
896:
889:
882:
866:
865:
617:Network analysis
507:Sociocybernetics
497:Social movements
227:Social darwinism
177:Social structure
69:
50:
21:
7975:
7974:
7970:
7969:
7968:
7966:
7965:
7964:
7945:Social concepts
7910:
7909:
7908:
7903:
7845:
7831:Neoevolutionism
7738:
7722:Species complex
7687:Group selection
7625:Research topics
7620:
7596:Neuropsychology
7498:
7484:Substance abuse
7406:Sex differences
7400:
7314:Coolidge effect
7275:
7187:Neuroergonomics
7152:
7143:
7067:
6969:
6903:Folk psychology
6784:
6768:
6638:
6631:
6574:
6569:
6539:
6534:
6523:
6513:
6511:
6499:
6480:Paul Feyerabend
6440:Michael Polanyi
6376:
6362:Galileo Galilei
6331:
6317:Science studies
6233:
6163:
6154:Verificationism
6059:Instrumentalism
6044:Foundationalism
6019:Conventionalism
5977:
5813:Feminist method
5699:
5694:
5664:
5659:
5646:
5572:Critical theory
5550:
5545:
5535:
5525:
5515:
5505:
5495:
5485:
5475:
5465:
5455:
5445:
5435:
5425:
5415:
5405:
5395:
5375:
5053:
5047:
4845:
4839:
4788:
4717:
4624:
4576:Budapest School
4564:
4353:Cosmopolitanism
4326:
4321:
4263:
4262:
4261:
4246:
4245:
4241:
4234:
4210:
4200:
4189:
4156:Social Problems
4153:
4150:pp. 14–33.
4146:
3869:(Anchor, 1967;
3841:
3836:
3834:Further reading
3831:
3826:
3822:
3803:Social Problems
3800:
3799:
3795:
3778:
3774:
3764:
3762:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3734:
3730:
3723:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3696:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3659:
3655:
3629:
3625:
3608:
3604:
3591:
3590:
3583:
3541:
3540:
3536:
3527:
3523:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3493:
3476:
3475:
3471:
3456:
3441:
3440:
3436:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3321:
3320:
3311:
3287:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3220:
3218:
3216:psycnet.apa.org
3210:
3209:
3205:
3167:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3133:
3129:
3097:
3096:
3089:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3002:
2998:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2953:
2942:
2938:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2826:
2822:
2815:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2786:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2746:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2717:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2648:
2623:
2622:
2615:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2560:
2559:
2536:
2515:"Phenomenology"
2512:
2511:
2507:
2486:Walter Lippmann
2484:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2422:
2420:
2410:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2344:10.2307/2939044
2325:
2324:
2320:
2310:
2308:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2285:
2283:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2254:
2250:
2240:
2238:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2219:on 23 May 2020.
2216:
2210:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2180:
2178:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2150:
2146:
2139:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2060:Critical theory
2019:
2012:
2009:
1963:Paul Boghossian
1929:social theories
1923:used the term "
1908:The Blank Slate
1883:human behaviour
1871:
1865:
1862:
1855:needs expansion
1840:
1834:
1795:imagined worlds
1767:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1704:
1702:
1692:
1680:
1669:
1657:Philip J. Davis
1649:Randall Collins
1593:Michel Foucault
1589:
1538:Thomas Luckmann
1534:Peter L. Berger
1526:
1515:
1509:
1506:
1463:
1461:
1447:
1435:
1424:
1419:
1396:
1384:
1369:
1341:
1315:
1294:
1283:
1278:
1258:Michel Foucault
1254:Anthony Giddens
1242:Gregory Bateson
1222:Mikhail Bakhtin
1214:JĂĽrgen Habermas
1157:linguistic turn
1119:Walter Lippmann
1089:
1069:
985:concept of self
966:social contexts
915:social ontology
900:
860:
853:
852:
813:
803:
802:
730:
656:
642:
640:Major theorists
632:
631:
567:
557:
556:
247:
237:
236:
207:Critical theory
202:Conflict theory
197:
187:
186:
157:Social equality
98:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7973:
7971:
7963:
7962:
7957:
7952:
7947:
7942:
7937:
7935:Human behavior
7932:
7927:
7922:
7912:
7911:
7905:
7904:
7902:
7901:
7888:
7875:
7862:
7854:
7851:
7850:
7847:
7846:
7844:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7808:
7807:
7806:
7801:
7796:
7791:
7786:
7781:
7776:
7771:
7766:
7752:
7746:
7744:
7740:
7739:
7737:
7736:
7735:
7734:
7729:
7724:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7669:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7628:
7626:
7622:
7621:
7619:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7553:
7536:
7527:
7517:
7515:
7508:
7504:
7503:
7500:
7499:
7497:
7496:
7491:
7486:
7481:
7476:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7456:
7451:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7410:
7408:
7402:
7401:
7399:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7375:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7285:
7283:
7277:
7276:
7274:
7273:
7272:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7214:Mind-blindness
7211:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7190:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7158:
7156:
7145:
7144:
7142:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7088:
7083:
7077:
7075:
7069:
7068:
7066:
7065:
7060:
7059:
7058:
7048:
7047:
7046:
7036:
7035:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7014:
7009:
7008:
7007:
6997:
6996:
6995:
6990:
6979:
6977:
6971:
6970:
6968:
6967:
6966:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6926:
6925:
6924:
6919:
6909:
6907:theory of mind
6900:
6891:
6890:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6853:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6818:
6813:
6812:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6790:
6788:
6774:
6770:
6769:
6767:
6766:
6761:
6760:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6740:
6730:
6729:
6728:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6702:
6701:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6674:Baldwin effect
6671:
6670:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6649:
6643:
6641:
6633:
6632:
6630:
6629:
6624:
6623:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6592:
6591:
6590:
6579:
6576:
6575:
6570:
6568:
6567:
6560:
6553:
6545:
6536:
6535:
6533:
6521:
6509:
6504:
6501:
6500:
6498:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6465:W. V. O. Quine
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6400:Rudolf Steiner
6397:
6392:
6390:Henri Poincaré
6387:
6381:
6378:
6377:
6375:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6348:
6346:
6339:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6288:
6287:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6260:Exact sciences
6257:
6252:
6247:
6241:
6239:
6238:Related topics
6235:
6234:
6232:
6231:
6230:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6197:Social science
6194:
6193:
6192:
6190:Space and time
6182:
6177:
6171:
6169:
6165:
6164:
6162:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6103:
6094:
6089:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5985:
5983:
5979:
5978:
5976:
5975:
5970:
5969:
5968:
5963:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5942:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5899:Scientific law
5896:
5895:
5894:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5837:
5836:
5835:
5830:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5808:Falsifiability
5805:
5800:
5795:
5794:
5793:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5767:
5766:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5740:
5739:
5737:Mill's Methods
5729:
5718:
5713:
5707:
5705:
5701:
5700:
5695:
5693:
5692:
5685:
5678:
5670:
5661:
5660:
5658:
5657:
5651:
5648:
5647:
5645:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5632:Social science
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5558:
5556:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5548:
5538:
5528:
5522:Gender Trouble
5518:
5508:
5498:
5488:
5478:
5468:
5458:
5452:The Second Sex
5448:
5438:
5428:
5418:
5408:
5398:
5387:
5385:
5381:
5380:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
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4444:Invisible hand
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4232:External links
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4213:|journal=
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4168:10.2307/799704
4162:(4): 407–419.
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4104:Willard, C. A.
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3845:Boghossian, P.
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3829:
3820:
3809:(3): 214–227.
3793:
3772:
3750:Sokal, Alan D.
3741:
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3722:978-1139470360
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3695:978-1101200322
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3423:Knoblauch 2016
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3057:(3): 205–219.
3041:
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2917:(3): 291–296.
2901:
2882:(5): 611–623.
2866:
2847:(5): 577–609.
2829:
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2814:978-0275972943
2813:
2791:
2785:978-0415742603
2784:
2766:
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2745:978-0120779406
2744:
2736:Academic Press
2722:
2716:978-0415037976
2715:
2709:. p. 32.
2686:
2680:978-0120779505
2679:
2653:
2647:978-0521708357
2646:
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2503:, pp. 16, 20.
2491:Public Opinion
2477:
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2449:(2): 221–236.
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2338:(2): 334–347.
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2021:Society portal
2008:
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1946:The submission
1927:" to refer to
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1668:
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1588:
1587:Narrative turn
1585:
1577:Edmund Husserl
1571:. It links to
1560:significations
1540:'s 1966 book,
1528:
1527:
1452:. Please help
1438:
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1190:Edmund Husserl
1114:Public Opinion
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18:Social concept
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7811:Functionalism
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7769:Connectionism
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7759:indeterminism
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7479:Schizophrenia
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7339:Mate guarding
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7299:Age disparity
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7154:Mental health
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7149:Human factors
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6963:NaĂŻve physics
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6887:Ophidiophobia
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6877:Arachnophobia
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6807:
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6804:Display rules
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6709:
6707:
6706:Kin selection
6704:
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6608:
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6601:
6600:Adaptationism
6598:
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6456:
6453:
6451:
6450:Rudolf Carnap
6448:
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6408:
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6398:
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6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6385:Auguste Comte
6383:
6382:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6357:Francis Bacon
6355:
6353:
6350:
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6340:
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6308:
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6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6286:
6285:Pseudoscience
6283:
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6281:
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6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
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6150:
6147:
6145:
6144:Structuralism
6142:
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6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6107:
6106:Received view
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6020:
6017:
6015:
6014:Contextualism
6012:
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6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
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5640:
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5637:Social theory
5635:
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5623:
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5389:
5388:
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5382:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5291:Radhakrishnan
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5052:20th and 21st
5050:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4844:18th and 19th
4842:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4791:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4720:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4631:
4627:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4567:
4561:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4549:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4391:
4388:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4318:
4313:
4311:
4306:
4304:
4299:
4298:
4295:
4288:
4283:
4279:
4277:at Wiktionary
4276:
4275:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4231:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4205:
4197:
4193:
4188:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4152:
4148:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4134:0-8101-2286-3
4131:
4127:
4123:
4122:Wilson, D. S.
4120:
4117:
4116:0-226-89845-8
4113:
4109:
4105:
4102:
4099:
4096:Weinberg, D.
4095:
4092:
4088:
4085:
4081:
4078:
4077:0-02-928045-1
4074:
4070:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4056:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4043:
4040:
4037:Poerksen, B.
4036:
4033:
4029:
4026:
4025:0-7619-1094-8
4022:
4018:
4015:
4011:
4008:
4005:
4004:0-8039-8303-4
4001:
3997:
3993:
3990:
3987:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3953:
3952:0-387-22974-4
3949:
3945:
3943:
3942:0-674-81200-X
3939:
3935:
3931:
3928:
3925:
3921:
3918:
3914:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3886:
3883:
3879:
3876:
3875:0-385-05898-5
3872:
3868:
3867:
3862:
3858:
3857:Berger, P. L.
3855:
3853:
3849:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3833:
3824:
3821:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3797:
3794:
3790:
3789:0-19-928718-X
3786:
3782:
3776:
3773:
3761:
3760:
3759:Lingua Franca
3755:
3751:
3745:
3742:
3738:
3732:
3729:
3724:
3718:
3714:
3713:
3705:
3702:
3697:
3691:
3687:
3686:
3678:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3657:
3654:
3650:
3649:0-00-200663-4
3646:
3642:
3641:HarperCollins
3638:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3624:
3619:
3613:
3605:
3599:
3595:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3554:(1): 87–113.
3553:
3549:
3545:
3538:
3535:
3531:
3525:
3522:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3502:
3499:
3494:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3473:
3470:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3438:
3435:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3416:
3412:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3378:Human Studies
3375:
3373:
3367:
3361:
3358:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3286:0-88133-984-9
3282:
3278:
3271:
3268:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3232:
3229:
3217:
3213:
3212:"APA PsycNet"
3207:
3204:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3163:
3156:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3131:
3128:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3102:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3083:
3079:
3072:
3069:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3045:
3042:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3010:
3007:
3000:
2997:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2965:
2962:
2955:
2952:
2948:
2947:
2940:
2937:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2905:
2902:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2870:
2867:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2841:
2833:
2830:
2824:
2821:
2816:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2795:
2792:
2787:
2781:
2777:
2770:
2767:
2762:
2755:
2752:
2747:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2726:
2723:
2718:
2712:
2708:
2703:
2702:
2696:
2695:Kelly, George
2690:
2687:
2682:
2676:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2657:
2654:
2649:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2629:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2602:
2599:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2509:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2481:
2478:
2472:
2469:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2433:
2430:
2418:
2414:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2377:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2322:
2319:
2307:
2303:
2297:
2294:
2281:
2280:Study Journal
2277:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2252:
2249:
2237:
2233:
2226:
2223:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2198:
2191:
2188:
2176:
2172:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2140:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2121:
2118:
2112:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:(599–527 BCE)
2035:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1995:
1993:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1957:
1956:postmodernism
1953:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1921:Leda Cosmides
1918:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1903:Steven Pinker
1900:
1899:causal factor
1895:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1869:
1860:
1856:
1853:This section
1851:
1848:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1811:socialization
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1775:postmodernism
1765:
1762:
1754:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1712: –
1711:
1707:
1706:Find sources:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1684:This section
1682:
1678:
1673:
1672:
1667:Postmodernism
1666:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1617:Steve Woolgar
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1581:Alfred Schutz
1578:
1574:
1570:
1569:phenomenology
1565:
1561:
1557:
1556:typifications
1553:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1524:
1521:
1513:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1471: –
1470:
1466:
1465:Find sources:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1439:This section
1437:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1421:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1288:
1280:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1194:Alfred Schutz
1191:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1131:phenomenology
1128:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1093:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
973:
971:
967:
962:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
897:
892:
890:
885:
883:
878:
877:
875:
874:
869:
864:
859:
858:
857:
856:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
833:Organizations
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
815:
812:
807:
806:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
782: ·
781:
778: ·
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
738: ·
737:
734:
731:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
670: ·
669:
665:
662:
655:
651:
648:
645:
644:
641:
636:
635:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
587:Computational
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
569:
566:
561:
560:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
492:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
332:Environmental
330:
327:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
282:Consciousness
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
249:
246:
241:
240:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
199:
196:
191:
190:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
162:Social equity
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
134:
130:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
108:Globalization
106:
104:
101:
100:
94:
93:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
74:
73:
72:
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
52:
51:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
7896:
7883:
7870:
7857:
7793:
7616:Sociobiology
7474:Neuroscience
7454:Intelligence
7000:Anthropology
6953:Color vision
6938:Multitasking
6917:Flynn effect
6912:Intelligence
6894:Folk biology
6637:Evolutionary
6495:Larry Laudan
6475:Imre Lakatos
6430:Otto Neurath
6405:Karl Pearson
6395:Pierre Duhem
6367:Isaac Newton
6297:Protoscience
6255:Epistemology
6129:Anti-realism
6127: /
6108: /
6099: /
6085: /
6083:Reductionism
6081: /
6054:Inductionism
6034:Evolutionism
5839:
5726:a posteriori
5725:
5721:
5540:
5530:
5520:
5510:
5500:
5490:
5480:
5470:
5460:
5450:
5440:
5430:
5420:
5410:
5400:
5390:
4810:Guicciardini
4793:Early modern
4629:Philosophers
4603:Conservatism
4598:Confucianism
4586:Distributism
4519:Social norms
4507:Sittlichkeit
4493:Ressentiment
4439:Institutions
4417:Human nature
4289:at Wikiquote
4273:
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3763:. Retrieved
3757:
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2235:
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2214:the original
2190:
2179:, retrieved
2175:Khan Academy
2174:
2164:
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2127:
2120:
2030:Anekantavada
1996:
1989:
1983:
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1961:Philosopher
1960:
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1863:
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1823:
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1772:
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1751:January 2023
1748:
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1693:Please help
1688:verification
1685:
1653:Reuben Hersh
1641:Trevor Pinch
1637:Wiebe Bijker
1628:
1621:subjectivity
1613:Barry Barnes
1609:Bruno Latour
1590:
1564:institutions
1548:common sense
1541:
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1510:October 2021
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1443:verification
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1370:
1357:Lev Vygotsky
1353:
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1276:Applications
1230:Lev Vygotsky
1210:Paul Ricoeur
1187:
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1149:propositions
1141:
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1098:
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1025:social norms
1009:social class
975:Examples of
974:
963:
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818:Bibliography
732:
660:
659:
646:
612:Mathematical
592:Ethnographic
572:Quantitative
257:Architecture
221:
195:Perspectives
167:Social power
47:
7755:Determinism
7667:Coevolution
7611:Primatology
7449:Gender role
7354:Orientation
7234:Screen time
7091:Affectional
7073:Development
6752:Mate choice
6679:By-products
6647:Adaptations
6610:Cognitivism
6485:Ian Hacking
6470:Thomas Kuhn
6455:Karl Popper
6435:C. D. Broad
6352:Roger Bacon
6280:Non-science
6222:Linguistics
6202:Archaeology
6097:Rationalism
6087:Determinism
6074:Physicalism
6039:Fallibilism
5989:Coherentism
5919:Testability
5872:Observation
5867:Objectivity
5828:alternative
5759:Correlation
5749:Consilience
5597:Historicism
5426:(1835–1840)
5392:De Officiis
5116:de Beauvoir
5086:Baudrillard
5038:Vivekananda
5028:Tocqueville
4943:Kierkegaard
4759:Ibn Khaldun
4729:Alpharabius
4620:Personalism
4529:Stewardship
4486:Reification
4481:Natural law
4402:Familialism
4368:Culturalism
4182:Mallon, R,
4045:Restivo, S.
4030:Penman, R.
4010:McNamee, S.
3992:McNamee, S.
3956:Kukla, A.,
3930:Hacking, I.
3334:(1): 4–22.
3176:: 345–375.
2707:W.W. Norton
2636:. pp.
2311:23 December
2256:Gergen, K.
1992:gerrymander
1967:Ian Hacking
1941:Social Text
1787:dialectical
1783:individuals
1661:Paul Ernest
1645:Sal Restivo
1266:Mary Gergen
1179:Max Scheler
1057:masculinity
1049:stereotypes
1045:citizenship
1017:nationality
823:Terminology
792:Baudrillard
668:Tocqueville
582:Comparative
577:Qualitative
547:Victimology
377:Immigration
362:Generations
277:Criminology
7914:Categories
7702:Population
7697:Lamarckism
7543:behavioral
7521:Behavioral
7469:Narcissism
7414:Aggression
7204:Hypophobia
7194:Depression
7081:Attachment
7063:Universals
7027:Psychology
7005:Biological
6993:Musicology
6983:Aesthetics
6882:Basophobia
6689:Exaptation
6667:Reciprocal
6372:David Hume
6345:Precursors
6227:Psychology
6207:Economics‎
6101:Empiricism
6092:Pragmatism
6079:Positivism
6069:Naturalism
5939:scientific
5823:Hypothesis
5786:Experiment
5602:Humanities
5562:Agnotology
5221:Kołakowski
4784:Ibn Tufayl
4764:Maimonides
4708:Thucydides
4703:Tertullian
4658:Lactantius
4553:Volksgeist
4534:Traditions
4348:Convention
4065:Searle, J.
4014:Gergen, K.
3996:Gergen, K.
3913:Gergen, K.
3631:Ridley, M.
3510:(Thesis).
3464:1018167337
3084:(3): 1–25.
2734:. London:
2209:0761971114
2157:Philpapers
2113:References
2075:Nominalism
2070:Epochalism
2065:Empiricism
1976:particular
1936:Alan Sokal
1917:John Tooby
1832:Criticisms
1779:worldviews
1721:newspapers
1480:newspapers
1262:Ken Gergen
1139:Luckmann's
1053:femininity
1031:and other
970:narratives
959:structures
848:By country
602:Historical
527:Technology
467:Punishment
452:Philosophy
427:Mathematic
417:Literature
382:Industrial
372:Historical
297:Demography
217:Positivism
142:Popularity
97:Key themes
7547:cognitive
7539:Affective
7424:Cognition
7378:Sexuality
7364:Pair bond
7124:Education
6781:Cognition
6699:Inclusive
6639:processes
6627:Criticism
6212:Geography
6180:Chemistry
6139:Scientism
5934:ladenness
5754:Construct
5732:Causality
5642:Sociology
5592:Historism
5301:Santayana
5271:Oakeshott
5241:MacIntyre
5226:Kropotkin
5201:Heidegger
5054:centuries
4968:Nietzsche
4933:Jefferson
4918:Helvétius
4883:Condorcet
4846:centuries
4830:Montaigne
4653:Confucius
4643:Augustine
4560:Worldview
4454:Modernity
4427:Formation
4138:Full text
3907:Ernst, P.
3887:Burr, V.
3880:Best, J.
3612:cite book
3568:0038-0261
3516:152555823
3406:146905539
3398:0163-8548
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2463:0388-0001
2423:2 October
2352:0003-0554
2241:30 August
2177:, YouTube
1982:absolute
1807:mythology
1791:realities
1573:Heidegger
1450:talk page
1349:artifacts
1325:is being
1304:is being
1270:Rom Harre
1161:discourse
1041:education
1035:of time,
1005:ethnicity
929:—such as
911:sociology
664:Martineau
607:Interview
532:Terrorism
512:Sociology
457:Political
397:Knowledge
317:Education
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7816:Memetics
7576:Ethology
7534:genetics
7369:Physical
7334:Jealousy
7289:Activity
7095:maternal
7051:Religion
7039:Morality
7017:Language
6898:taxonomy
6711:Mismatch
6657:Cheating
6652:Altruism
6507:Category
6159:Vitalism
5982:Theories
5956:Variable
5877:Paradigm
5764:function
5722:A priori
5711:Analysis
5704:Concepts
5655:Category
5567:Axiology
5555:See also
5346:Voegelin
5336:Spengler
5311:Shariati
5266:Nussbaum
5251:Maritain
5211:Irigaray
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5156:Foucault
5141:Durkheim
5043:Voltaire
5008:de Staël
4983:Rousseau
4908:Franklin
4769:Muhammad
4754:Gelasius
4739:Avempace
4722:Medieval
4698:Polybius
4693:Plutarch
4459:Morality
4434:Ideology
4422:Identity
4331:Concepts
4144:Articles
3895:Ellul, J
3672:. p. 85.
3576:23558016
3299:Wikidata
3295:8173163M
3198:40335935
3190:15012472
2697:(1955).
2500:Q1768450
2496:Wikidata
2488:(1922),
2368:59431797
2034:Mahavira
2007:See also
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1803:language
1318:template
1297:template
1133:". With
1067:Overview
1037:marriage
1021:religion
997:language
931:concepts
843:Timeline
828:Journals
796:Bourdieu
788:Habermas
784:Luhmann
780:Foucault
724:Mannheim
704:Durkheim
477:Religion
437:Military
402:Language
387:Internet
342:Feminist
326:Jealousy
312:Economic
307:Disaster
302:Deviance
245:Branches
123:Identity
7717:Species
7489:Suicide
7324:Fantasy
7304:Arousal
7086:Bonding
6975:Culture
6799:Display
6786:Emotion
6694:Fitness
6583:History
6217:History
6185:Physics
6175:Biology
5973:more...
5961:control
5857:Inquiry
5396:(44 BC)
5326:Sombart
5321:Skinner
5306:Scruton
5286:Polanyi
5261:Niebuhr
5246:Marcuse
5181:Gramsci
5176:Gentile
5136:Du Bois
5126:Deleuze
5096:Benoist
5066:Agamben
5023:Thoreau
5013:Stirner
5003:Spencer
4953:Le Play
4903:Fourier
4888:Emerson
4873:Carlyle
4858:Bentham
4835:MĂĽntzer
4805:Erasmus
4779:Plethon
4774:Photios
4734:Aquinas
4668:Mencius
4636:Ancient
4569:Schools
4449:Loyalty
4407:History
4395:Counter
4390:Culture
4358:Customs
3765:3 April
3307:, p. 2.
2931:5917277
2360:2939044
1984:general
1879:biology
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1494:scholar
1382:Poverty
1129:" and "
1087:Origins
1081:reality
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800:Giddens
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720:Du Bois
718:·
710:·
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698:·
692:Tönnies
690:·
676:Spencer
674:·
652:·
565:Methods
542:Utopian
487:Science
432:Medical
422:Marxist
412:Leisure
322:Emotion
287:Culture
103:Society
82:Outline
77:History
7895:
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7869:
7459:Memory
7419:Autism
7386:female
7319:Desire
7056:Origin
7032:Speech
7022:Origin
6794:Affect
5929:choice
5924:Theory
5862:Nature
5791:design
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5546:(2010)
5536:(1991)
5526:(1990)
5516:(1987)
5506:(1987)
5496:(1979)
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5466:(1964)
5456:(1949)
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5341:Taylor
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5316:Simmel
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5121:Debord
5106:Butler
5101:Berlin
5091:Bauman
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5071:Arendt
5061:Adorno
4993:Ruskin
4948:Le Bon
4923:Herder
4898:Fichte
4893:Engels
4863:Bonald
4853:Arnold
4825:Milton
4820:Luther
4800:Calvin
4678:Origen
4648:Cicero
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776:Bauman
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744:Gehlen
740:Adorno
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