88:, the population grew steadily from 277,000 in 1851 to 388,000 in 1871, mostly from natural increase since immigration was slight. The era has been called a golden age, but that was a myth created in the 1930s to lure tourists to a romantic era of tall ships and antiques. Recent historians using census data have shown that is a fallacy. In 1851-1871 there was an overall increase in per capita wealth holding. However most of the gains went to the urban elite class, especially businessmen and financiers living in Halifax. The wealth held by the top 10% rose considerably over the two decades, but there was little improvement in the wealth levels in rural areas, which comprised the great majority of the population. Likewise Gwyn reports that gentlemen, merchants, bankers, colliery owners, shipowners, shipbuilders, and master mariners flourished. However the great majority of families were headed by farmers, fishermen, craftsmen and laborers. Most of them-and many widows as well—lived in poverty. Out migration became an increasingly necessary option. Thus the era was indeed a golden age but only for a small but powerful and highly visible elite.
31:, focusing on the history of ordinary people and their strategies of coping with life. It pays special attention to women, children, old age, workers, ethnic and racial groups and demographic patterns. The field emerged in the 1960s and had a "golden age" in the 1970s. It continues as a major research field for historians. Social history is an umbrella approach that links to other approaches. For example, Hoerder (2005) argues that by employing the approaches and methods of social history, scholars can gain a better and more inclusive understanding of Canadian economic history. Among the subjects that would enrich such an understanding are family economies and the diversity of people's social lives. Additionally, a sociological approach would lead to a more comprehensive analysis of the state and its constituent parts.
100:
114:
39:
The older social history (before 1960) included numerous topics that were not part of the mainstream historiography of political, military, diplomatic and constitutional history. The "new social history" exploded on the scene in the 1960s, quickly becoming one of the dominant styles of
70:
The "new urban history" emerged in the 1960s seeking to understand the "city as process" and, through quantitative methods, to learn more about the inarticulate masses in the cities, as opposed to the mayors and elites. A major early study was
Michael B. Katz,
40:
historiography in the U.S., Britain and Canada. After 1990 social history was increasingly challenged by cultural history, which emphasizes language and the importance of beliefs and assumptions and their causal role in group behavior.
51:
emerged as a separate field in the 1970s, with close ties to anthropology and sociology. The trend was especially pronounced in the U.S. and Canada. It emphasizes on demographic patterns, and public policy. It is quite separate from
83:
The work of the new social historians can be been in their study of social structure and its change over time. Several scholars have explored the so-called "golden age" of the
Maritimes in the years just before Confederation. In
416:
413:
289:
Rural poverty is the theme of Rusty
Bittermann, Robert A. Mackinnon, and Graeme Wynn, "Of inequality and interdependence in the Nova Scotian countryside, 1850-70,"
360:
Hoerder, Dirk. "Towards a
History of Canadians: Transcultural Human Agency as Seen Through Economic Behaviour, Community Formation, and Societal Institutions,"
665:
643:
499:
472:
822:
326:
Conrad, Margaret; LĂ©tourneau, Jocelyn; Northrup, David. "Canadians and Their Pasts: An
Exploration in Historical Consciousness,"
588:
153:
362:
352:
137:
263:
Julian Gwyn and Fazley Siddiq, "Wealth distribution in Nova Scotia during the
Confederation era, 1851 and 1871,"
585:
From
Colonial to Modern: Transnational Girlhood in Canadian, Australian, and New Zealand Literature, 1840-1940
350:
Darroch, Gordon. "The
Relevance of Social Science Standards of Data Base Availability for Social History,"
198:
Cynthia
Comacchio, "'The History of Us': Social Science, History, and the Relations of Family in Canada,"
132:
85:
276:
Julian Gwyn, "Golden Age or Bronze Moment? Wealth and
Poverty in Nova Scotia: The 1850s and 1860s,"
250:
Ian McKay, "History and the Tourist Gaze: The Politics of Commemoration in Nova Scotia, 1935-1964,"
793:
A White Man's Province: British Columbia Politicians and Chinese and Japanese Immigrants, 1858-1914
334:
713:
From Peasants to Labourers: Ukrainian and Belarusan Immigration from the Russian Empire to Canada
728:
McKay, Ian. "Tartanism Triumphant. The Construction of Scottishness in Nova Scotia, 1933-1954."
668:
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502:
475:
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639:
495:
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127:
24:
694:
410:
History of the Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way Employees: Its Birth and Growth, 1887-1955.
420:
626:
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578:
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56:, though often drawing on the same primary sources such as censuses and family records.
147:
119:
48:
28:
751:
Secularizing the Faith: Canadian Protestant Clergy and the Crisis of Belief, 1850-1940
816:
105:
65:
185:
Tamara K. Hareven, "The history of the family and the complexity of social change,"
530:
Organizing Rural Women: the Federated Women's Institutes of Ontario, 1897-1910.
651:
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Women's Work, Markets, and Economic Development in Nineteenth-Century Ontario.
437:
Working Class Experience: Rethinking the History of Canadian Labour, 1800-1991
95:
786:
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386:
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513:
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463:
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544:
Family Life and Sociability in Upper and Lower Canada, 1780-1870.
393:
Labouring lives: work and workers in nineteenth-century Ontario
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212:
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Peasants in the Promised Land: Canada and the Ukrainians
720:
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593:
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482:
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400:
Discounted Labour: Women Workers in Canada, 1870-1939
492:Rethinking Canada: The Promise of Women's History.
595:Rethinking Canada: The Promise of Women's History
316:(2 vol. 1993), textbook stressing social history
309:(2 vol. 2003), textbook stressing social history
343:Cross, Michael S., and Gregory S. Kealey, eds.
689:Creating Societies: Immigrant Lives in Canada.
607:Winnipeg: Watson Swayer Publishing Ltd, (1980)
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722:Vol. 27, No. 2 (May, 1961), pp. 162–175
704:Kelley, Ninette, and Michael J. Trebilcock.
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367:November 2005, Vol. 38 Issue 76, pp 433–459
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172:Lynn Hunt and Victoria Bonnell, eds.,
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658:The University of Toronto: A History.
7:
374:(1974). 480 pp. articles by scholars
347:(5 vol., 1983), articles by scholars
293:March 1993, Vol. 74 Issue 1, pp 1-43
267:Dec 1992, Vol. 73 Issue 4, pp 435-52
612:Ethnicity, religion, and population
345:Readings in Canadian Social History
73:The People of Hamilton, Canada West
372:Studies in Canadian Social History
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636:A History of Canadian Catholics.
525:Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2003. 245 pp.
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314:History of the Canadian Peoples
732:21, no. 2 (Spring 1992): 5-47.
1:
154:Who Killed Canadian History?
648:online review from H-CANADA
517:online review from H-CANADA
503:online review from H-CANADA
476:online review from H-CANADA
291:Canadian Historical Review,
265:Canadian Historical Review,
187:American Historical Review,
138:History of cities in Canada
839:
456:Cohen, Marjorie Griffin.
79:Golden Age of Nova Scotia?
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16:Branch of Canadian studies
669:online review at H-CANADA
571:Canadian Women: a history
214:Journal of Family History
823:Social history of Canada
756:Messamore, Barbara, ed.
280:1992, Vol. 8, pp 195-230
174:Beyond the Cultural Turn
21:Social history of Canada
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638:(2002). 392 pp.,
528:Kechnie, Margaret C.
216:, quarterly since 1976
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656:Friedland, Martin L.
467:(2003) 370 pp.,
444:Women, gender, family
338:Canadian Encyclopedia
307:The Peoples of Canada
200:Labour / Le Travail,
744:The Canadian Sansei
449:Bradbury, Bettina.
391:Craven, Paul, ed.,
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617:Bagnell, Kenneth.
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425:Morton, Desmond.
419:2008-11-19 at the
333:Cross, Michael S.
35:New social history
749:Marshall, David.
695:Iacovetta, Franca
666:978-0-8020-4429-7
644:978-0-7735-2313-5
565:Prentice, Alison
549:Noël, Françoise.
542:Noël, Françoise.
515:(2001). 234 pp.
511:Halpern, Monda.
500:978-0-19-542350-1
473:978-0-8020-8690-7
435:Palmer, Bryan D.
335:"Social History,"
143:History of Canada
128:Culture of Canada
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784:Riedel, Walter.
777:Pivato, Joseph.
742:Makabe, Tomoko.
680:Grenke, Arthur.
634:Fay, Terence J.
558:Parr, Joy, ed.
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767:(1996).
753:(1992).
628:(2006)
597:(2003)
589:excerpt
587:(2018)
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230:(1970)
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19:The
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