56:. Mass mobilization is defined as a process that engages and motivates a wide range of partners and allies at national and local levels to raise awareness of and demand for a particular development objective through face-to-face dialogue. Members of institutions, community networks, civic and religious groups and others work in a coordinated way to reach specific groups of people for dialogue with planned messages. In other words, social mobilization seeks to facilitate change through a range of players engaged in interrelated and complementary efforts.
142:. During the Vietnam war, supporters and opponents of the war mobilized for protests. Social movements against the war were groups of students or veterans. These groups did not believe the war was justified and that the United States had to pull out the troops stationed there. To counter these protests, president
442:, in her comparative analysis of political violence and cycles of protest in Italy and Germany between 1960 and 1990, maintains that "when mass mobilization declined, the movements went back to more institutional forms of collective action, whereas small groups resorted to more organized forms of violence."
420:, the mechanism that produces violence in the declining phase of the collective action cycle is a result of the competition that arises among different sectors of the social movement. Together they formed a theory stating that as mass mobilisation winds down, political violence rises in magnitude and intensity.
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Governments can promote mass mobilization to support the causes they promote. Many governments attempt to mobilize the population to participate in elections and other voting events. In particular, it is important for political parties in any country to be able to mobilize voters in order to gain
244:
Social media is also used by states in order to check society. Authoritarian states use social media to track and punish activists and political opponents. There are several ways to do this. State led internet providers can use a monopoly position to provide information about internet behaviour to
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announced a fuel tax increase. Protesters saw this as a tax on the working class, the people in the countryside who have to drive to work. At first, the movement was successful. A lot of people joined and a majority of the population supported it. After the first weeks, the movement fell apart and
207:
The effect of social media on mass mobilization can both be negative and positive. Cyberoptimists believe social media make protests easier to organize. Political ideas spread quickly on social media and everyone can participate in online political actions. Ruijgruk identified four mechanisms the
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has shown that civil disobedience is, by far, the most powerful way of affecting public policy. The study identified that an active participation of around 3.5% of a population will ensure serious political change. Activist and researcher Kyle R Matthews has questioned the applicability of these
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stated that "n the final stages of the cycle, there was an increase in the deliberate use of violence against others. But this increase was a function of the decline of mass protest, not of its extension. Indeed, deliberate targeted violence did not become common until 1972-3, when all the other
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It can change the attitude of the citizens. When news independent from the government can spread online, people will get a more honest image of their government. On the long term, even people who are satisfied with their life can become politically active and be mobilized to protest against the
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Mark R. Beissinger, in his study on cycles of protest and nationalist violence in the Soviet Union between 1987 and 1992, also detects this pattern, but in this case violence takes the form of ethnic communal conflict rather than terrorism. As he says, "the rise of violence in the USSR in
127:. When social movements protest for something in the interest of the whole society, it is easier for the individual to not protest. The individual will benefit the outcome, but will not risk anything by participating in the protest. This is also known as the
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going into small villages to persuade peasants of the necessity of revolution. However, their efforts had little effect on the peasantry, and it was after this bitter experience that they made the momentous decision to adopt terrorist tactics.
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Cyberpessimists point to the effect these online actions have. By liking or sharing a political post, someone might think they are politically active, but they are not really doing anything effective. This useless activism, or
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It reduces uncertainty for individuals. When people see a lot of people will be attending the protests, people are more inclined to join. The risk of getting punished is lower when there are a lot of people at the
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It reduces the risks of the opposition. To be politically active online is less risky than to be active on the streets. The opposition can meet online and organize protests without having to meet in a physical
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are groups that protest against social or political issues. Different social movements try to make the public and politicians aware of different social problems. For social movements it is important to solve
195:. Mobilization is also used to acquire a workforce for tasks such as construction, farm work, keeping public places clean, and urgent disaster relief. Mass mobilization is also used to acquire
139:
1458:
Donatella della Porta, Social
Movements, Political Violence and the State. A Comparative Analysis of Italy and Germany (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 53, author's italics.
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199:. Participating in mobilization campaigns is mandatory and failure to appear may result in penalties. However, for some, it is possible to bribe themselves out of the duty.
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Dramatic videos and pictures will reach more people if they are shared online. People who get to see those images are more inclined to join the protests.
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forms of collective action had declined." All of which leads him to forcefully conclude that "organized violence was the product of demobilization."
551:
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Winders, B. (1999). "The Roller
Coaster of Class Conflict: Class Segments, Mass Mobilization, and Voter Turnout in the U.S., 1840–1996".
1449:
Sidney Tarrow, Democracy and
Disorder. Protest and Politics in Italy 1965–1975 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989), 306, author's italics.
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Mark R. Beissinger, Nationalist
Mobilization and the Collapse of the Soviet State (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 290.
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secret services. These providers can also shut down the internet if the government faces mass mobilization, what happened in the
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Clutterbuck, Lindsay (January 2004). "The progenitors of terrorism: Russian revolutionaries or extreme Irish
Republicans?".
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addressed the 'silent majority', the people who did support the war, to organize counter protests supporting the war.
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frequently employs mass mobilization to convince its people to publicly express loyalty around important events and
467:, organized the so-called "pilgrimages to the people", which involved small groups of members of the urban, petit
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significant part was associated with the decline of nonviolent mobilization contesting interrepublican borders."
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mobilized the population with mass meetings, parades, and other gatherings. These events appealed to the people's
241:. Someone might think they already contributed to the cause, so they are less likely to go to a physical protest.
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shush, K. (2017). "From the web to the streets: internet and protests under authoritarian regimes".
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in sustained campaigns involving strikes, demonstrations, marches, rallies, as well as the use of
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findings, which conern regime change, to other kinds of movements, such as
Extinction Rebellion.
921:"The Internet and state control in authoritarian regimes: China, Cuba and the counterrevolution"
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some factions became violent. The number of protesters and support of the population decreased.
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to organise, communicate, and raise awareness in the face of state attempts at repression and
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Anderson, Terry (2007). "The War That Never Ends: Student
Opposition to the Vietnam War".
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In his study of the wave of mass protests that took place in Italy between 1965 and 1975,
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552:"Social Movements and the (mis)use of Research: Extinction Rebellion and the 3.5% rule"
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by Arab minority in
Iranian Khuzestan, were also inspired by the regional Arab Spring.
100:
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does not contribute to the overall goal of the social movement. It also increases the
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See Ronald
Hingley, The Nihilists (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1967), Ch. 5;
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131:. Social movements must convince people to join the movement to solve this problem.
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The Birth of the
Propaganda State: Soviet Methods of Mass Mobilization, 1917–1929
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is a social movement originated in Paris. The protests started when president
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In a study of over 200 violent revolutions and over 100 nonviolent campaigns,
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applied mass mobilization techniques to win support for their policies. The
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If 3.5% of the US Gets on Board With Climate Protesting, Change Will Happen
870:"Empowering activists or autocrats? The Internet in authoritarian regimes"
666:"Tensions à l'île de la Réunion: la puissance populaire des gilets jaunes"
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Mobilization of the civilian population as part of contentious policies
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1068:"'It Will Not Stop': Syrian Uprising Continues Despite Crackdown"
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that began on 18 December 2010. Rulers were forced from power in
166:
support for their party, which affects voter turnout in general.
972:"Egypt's revolution redefines what's possible in the Arab world"
998:"Libya: civil war breaks out as Gaddafi mounts rearguard fight"
577:
Political sociology: oppression, resistance, and the state
526:
The '3.5% rule': How a small minority can change the world
140:
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
1404:
Accounting for nationalist violence in affluent countries
1281:"Man dies after setting himself on fire in Saudi Arabia"
745:"In France, Popular Support for Yellow Vests Cools Off"
1251:"Lebanon: Protests against Sectarian Political System"
868:
Rød, Espen Geelmuyden; Weidmann, Nils B (2015-02-13).
1381:. Miller-mccune.com. 23 February 2011. Archived from
705:
Canevarolo, Eva (2019). "Being 'Les gilets jaunes'".
1226:"One dead, dozen injured as Oman protest turns ugly"
252:
To organise out of sight of authorities, people use
1199:"Morocco King on holiday as people consider revolt"
1028:"Thousands in Yemen Protest Against the Government"
579:. Shannon, Deric. Thousand Oaks: Pine Forge Press.
59:The process usually takes the form of large public
208:internet helps mobilizing people in authoritarian
810:"A lifetime of mass mobilization in North Korea"
1435:) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
610:Welfare economics and the theory of the state
540:, Vice.com, by Geoff Dembicki, 8 October 2019
8:
1117:"13 killed in Iraq's 'Day of Rage' protests"
1257:. Reuters. 27 February 2011. Archived from
1046:"Protester killed in Bahrain "Day of Rage""
1414:. Archived from the original on 2011-11-15
463:", the proponents of a Russian variant of
1169:"Kuwaiti stateless protest for third day"
1115:McCrummen, Stephanie (25 February 2011).
936:
681:
392:The protests shared techniques of mostly
79:. Those gatherings usually are part of a
1334:"Palestinians emboldened by Arab Spring"
1307:"New clashes in occupied Western Sahara"
1379:"The Arab Uprising's Cascading Effects"
1026:; Goodman, J. David (28 January 2011).
500:
1431:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1424:
459:During the 1870s, the "populists" or "
115:Mass mobilization for social movements
1538:as modern tools for mass mobilization
996:Spencer, Richard (23 February 2011).
953:"Tunisia's Ben Ali flees amid unrest"
83:. Mass mobilization is often used by
7:
1555:, Cambridge University Press, 1985,
970:Peterson, Scott (11 February 2011).
1224:Vaidya, Sunil (27 February 2011).
1175:. 20 February 2011. Archived from
1052:. 14 February 2011. Archived from
799:link re-directs to 'Fascism' entry
528:, BBC by David Robson, 14 May 2019
256:online messaging services such as
25:
1534:, Issue 12.09 - September 2004 -
1090:"Algeria protest draws thousands"
575:Glasberg, Davita Silfen. (2011).
556:The Commons Social Change Library
203:Mass mobilization in social media
1487:Terrorism and Political Violence
647:"Nixon's Silent Majority Speech"
550:Matthews, Kyle R. (2021-11-29).
95:, but can also become a tool of
509:"Communication for development"
408:Nonviolence vs violent tactics
341:; major protests broke out in
1:
1332:Donnison, Jon (16 May 2011).
1143:"Thousands protest in Jordan"
333:; civil uprisings erupted in
1526:Weapons of Mass Mobilization
1070:. Der Spiegel. 28 March 2011
612:. Harvard University Press.
161:Government mass mobilization
608:Baumol, William J. (1952).
1597:
664:Baulaigue, Michel (2018).
290:
125:collective action problems
1500:10.1080/09546550490457917
976:Christian Science Monitor
874:Journal of Peace Research
707:SSRN Working Paper Series
365:; with minor protests in
239:collective action problem
886:10.1177/0022343314555782
385:in May 2011, as well as
266:Virtual private networks
814:NEW FOCUS International
749:The Wall Street Journal
633:University of Kentucky.
277:DARPA Network Challenge
93:revolutionary movements
1576:Political terminology
485:Resource mobilization
440:Donatella della Porta
414:Donatella della Porta
150:Yellow vests movement
1056:on February 1, 2016.
715:10.2139/ssrn.3352613
683:10.3917/soc.141.0133
54:contentious politics
39:popular mobilization
1385:on 27 February 2011
1261:on 24 November 2011
1179:on 22 February 2011
1121:The Washington Post
1002:The Daily Telegraph
938:10.5210/fm.v6i8.876
402:Internet censorship
35:social mobilization
18:Social mobilisation
1365:2012-11-20 at the
1313:. 27 February 2011
1173:Middle East Online
1096:. 12 February 2011
1032:The New York Times
959:. 15 January 2011.
653:. 3 November 1969.
303:revolutionary wave
268:may also be used.
129:free-rider problem
1561:978-0-521-31398-8
1287:. 23 January 2011
1205:. 30 January 2011
1149:. 28 January 2011
917:Kalathil, Shanthi
915:Boas, Taylor C.;
816:. August 16, 2015
383:borders of Israel
381:. Clashes at the
313:occurring in the
31:Mass mobilization
16:(Redirected from
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