506:
378:
689:, an officer who was known as the gas chamber "meister" and was described by survivors as notoriously cruel and violent in his treatment of prisoners. He had been tried and convicted 15 years earlier, after being recognised in 1949 on the streets of Berlin by Sobibor escapee and survivor Samuel Lerer and was later apprehended. On 8 May 1950 Bauer was sentenced to death by a District Court in
660:
713:
if they agreed to train and serve as police and guards.) Defendants included B. Bielakow, M. Matwijenko, I. Nikifor, W. Podienko, F. Tichonowski, Emanuel
Schultz, and J. Zajcew. They were convicted of treason against the state for having agreed to serve the Nazis, found guilty of war-crimes, and
218:
Meanwhile, Israel identified twenty-two Sobibór survivors living in that country. By consulting with them, investigators increased their list of suspected Sobibór personnel to one hundred names. At this point the
Federal Republic had determined that Zeug's reports were politically sensitive and
241:
men employed at Sobibór; twelve SS men had been killed in the
October 1943 uprising by prisoners, which precipitated closure and destruction of the camp by the end of the year.) The verdicts were pronounced on 20 December 1966. Important testimony was provided by German historian, Professor
341:
31:
152:, in charge of preparing the documents to be put before the court at the Sobibor trial, studied old files related to other trials. He stumbled upon evidence related to numerous individuals who had never before been investigated. Some key
470:
894:
Urteil LG Hagen, 20.12.1966, 11 Ks 1/64. The Hagen Court expressly pointed out that the total figure it arrived at, made no claim to historical completeness, but was merely a minimum number established for judicial
191:
in the following months. On 23 June 1960 he filed his first letter of recommendations for prosecution at the
Central Office of the State Justice Administrations, requiring judicial action against 19 suspects.
2234:
3799:
3043:
1663:
3400:
3435:
3390:
3430:
3425:
3410:
3415:
724:
A third Soviet trial was held in Kiev in June 1965. Three former
Trawniki men from Sobibór and Belzec were convicted and sentenced to death. They were executed by a firing squad.
3420:
3395:
3153:
2227:
3653:
1155:
3364:
721:
was the chief prosecution witness. Ten former
Trawniki from Ukraine were found guilty and sentenced to death; all were executed. Another was sentenced to 15 years in prison.
258:
In the 1965–66 trial, the defendants claimed that once assigned to serve at a death camp, they did not believe they could refuse their orders, citing the statement made by
1704:
1656:
2220:
1794:
109:
of 1963–65, also held in West
Germany. These trials heightened general public and international understanding of the extent of the crimes that had been perpetrated in
3359:
3369:
124:
who had trained for the Nazis and worked at
Sobibor. Most were convicted and executed. In these and subsequent years, separate trials prosecuted personnel of the
3696:
3374:
3832:
3449:
1649:
1483:
3681:
3038:
266:
Johann Klier, who asked to be transferred from Sobibór on moral grounds, was not punished but allowed to leave, which proved that the contrary was true.
1888:
195:
Ludwigsburg officials learned for the first time in August 1960 about the whereabouts of some of the suspects, several of whom were living in
Germany.
3837:
3405:
3146:
3646:
2040:
1148:
873:
262:
to the personnel at
Sobibor (quote): "If you do not like it here, you can leave, but under the earth, not over it." But the prosecution noted that
3771:
3068:
987:
3100:
2993:
3504:
2998:
1121:
3701:
3184:
3139:
1787:
3867:
3639:
2199:
1141:
3882:
3822:
3179:
1030:
936:"Operation Reinhard." Concise Summary of Current Results of Investigations by the Central Office of the State Justice Administrations
1519:
2730:
3784:
1978:
1780:
125:
3757:
3112:
3088:
1883:
1062:
856:
243:
3235:
3779:
3589:
2108:
1831:
1613:
813:
765:
3245:
3230:
1878:
1858:
1826:
1628:
1603:
798:
129:
1923:
3814:
3080:
1958:
1913:
1903:
1893:
1836:
1618:
183:(the killing of mentally and physically disabled persons in Germany) and in Operation Reinhard. He also contacted the
133:
2825:
2327:
1943:
1014:
3726:
3668:
3609:
3550:
3240:
3204:
3108:
3048:
2631:
2194:
1908:
1853:
1734:
1164:
106:
82:
3877:
3711:
3499:
3084:
2775:
2720:
2189:
1918:
1898:
1848:
1754:
1709:
1608:
1539:
948:
787:
755:
3872:
3826:
3530:
3092:
1973:
1870:
1809:
1759:
1744:
1724:
1714:
1699:
1694:
709:, when Ukraine was part of the Soviet Union. (They had been Soviet POWs held by the Germans, who were known as
3540:
2922:
2153:
1948:
3469:
3194:
3028:
1749:
1739:
1729:
1719:
1672:
1475:
1366:
368:
351:
Personally killing approximately 360 Jews and participating in the mass murder of approximately 86,000 Jews
212:
847:
3862:
3250:
2800:
2715:
1454:
572:
1052:
772:, Poland (then part of the Soviet Union), soon after the war. Additional personnel were tried in 1965 in
3789:
3209:
184:
179:
Zeug asked authorities for help, and by spring 1960 had identified three dozen men directly involved in
2063:
693:. This was commuted to life in prison, as West Germany had abolished capital punishment. Bauer died in
561:
532:
311:
160:
158:
officers who had served at Sobibor had been tried more than a decade earlier on other charges, such as
3266:
3104:
2977:
2942:
2862:
2498:
2423:
2367:
1963:
1424:
1316:
2093:
3804:
3676:
3326:
3316:
3276:
2725:
2548:
2118:
2087:
2053:
1988:
1526:
1439:
998:
718:
431:
235:
camp personnel, accusing them of crimes against humanity. (They constituted about a quarter of the
2058:
592:
3514:
3301:
3053:
2601:
2538:
2468:
2458:
2377:
1842:
1818:
1570:
1560:
1470:
1225:
1079:
149:
137:
3545:
3306:
2877:
2815:
2098:
3794:
3569:
3479:
3296:
3291:
3271:
2947:
2674:
2639:
2591:
2433:
2372:
2297:
1565:
1513:
1321:
1117:
1058:
983:
852:
761:
476:
165:
320:
Personally killing 6 Jews and participating in the mass murder of approximately 150,000 Jews
81:
was a 1965–66 judicial trial in the West German prosecution of SS officers who had worked at
3731:
3336:
3286:
3076:
2897:
2755:
2735:
2705:
2543:
2533:
2508:
2483:
2392:
2382:
2357:
2312:
2307:
2148:
2143:
2078:
2048:
2030:
2020:
1983:
1968:
1429:
1414:
1326:
1188:
1183:
1113:
The Operation Reinhard Death Camps, Revised and Expanded Edition: Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka
818:
803:
505:
121:
3752:
3747:
3604:
3535:
3484:
3464:
3225:
3032:
2962:
2892:
2830:
2820:
2760:
2695:
2563:
2473:
2362:
2347:
2332:
2292:
2158:
2010:
1351:
1296:
1203:
1178:
1091:
1034:
1027:
792:
733:
259:
110:
3474:
2805:
2387:
2267:
2123:
317:
Personally killing 42 Jews and participating in the murder of approximately 250,000 Jews
1110:
Arad, Yitzhak (2018). "Appendix B: The Fate of the Perpetrators of Operation Reinhard".
113:
some twenty years earlier by Nazi bureaucrats and persons acting as their executioners.
3494:
3489:
3321:
3189:
3096:
3018:
2972:
2887:
2785:
2746:
2710:
2669:
2528:
2518:
2513:
2488:
2478:
2428:
2317:
2302:
2282:
2272:
2133:
2083:
2025:
1953:
1533:
1449:
1444:
1387:
1361:
1336:
1252:
1247:
919:
496:
247:
98:
94:
1641:
795:, the longest series of Nazi war crimes trials in history, spanning more than 30 years
3856:
3691:
3509:
3281:
3022:
2957:
2952:
2937:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2872:
2810:
2765:
2679:
2664:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2616:
2606:
2586:
2558:
2448:
2418:
2337:
2322:
2277:
2168:
2138:
2113:
2103:
2073:
2068:
2004:
1686:
1555:
1331:
1306:
1280:
1257:
1193:
822:
783:
742:
690:
650:
402:
331:
196:
769:
3599:
3311:
3118:
3058:
2967:
2932:
2927:
2795:
2780:
2621:
2553:
2523:
2493:
2443:
2413:
2408:
2262:
2163:
2128:
2015:
1434:
1419:
1382:
1356:
1242:
1219:
747:
710:
694:
621:
340:
300:
204:
117:
2453:
806:, these were trials by Allied prosecutors of the 23 most important leaders of the
208:
1111:
995:
Journal of International Law, Case Western Reserve University School of Law, Ohio
3594:
3331:
2867:
2857:
2790:
2770:
2700:
2659:
2596:
2581:
2503:
2463:
2352:
2342:
1341:
1311:
1301:
1275:
1198:
807:
686:
460:
388:
Personally killing one Jew and participating in the mass murder of 115,000 Jews
377:
30:
881:. Holocaust Controversies, First Edition. pp. 459–460 (PDF, 460–461) / 571
231:
initiated proceedings on 6 September 1965 against twelve former members of the
2917:
2882:
2438:
2287:
188:
1133:
872:
J. Harrison; R. Muehlenkamp; J. Myers; S. Romanov; N. Terry (December 2011).
3174:
2611:
2184:
659:
519:
180:
169:
102:
90:
3199:
1346:
851:
Chapter: The Hunt for Witnesses, pp.36–132 University of Tennessee Press.
848:
Eyewitness to Genocide: The Operation Reinhard Death Camp Trials, 1955-1966
737:
35:
Opening of the Sobibor trial at the District Court in Hagen on 9 June 1965
3614:
754:
District Court in the mid-1960s, with prosecution of eight SS-men of the
173:
469:
777:
357:
200:
705:
Some of the Ukrainian guards who served at Sobibór were prosecuted in
172:. Gomerski was convicted and sentenced in 1950, and was imprisoned at
3686:
751:
717:
In April 1963, another trial was held, in Kiev, in which survivor
228:
86:
45:
949:"West German Prosecution of Operation Reinhard Crimes, 1958–1966"
168:
of 1947, which prosecuted persons known to have been involved in
1037:, H.E.A.R.T. - Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team.
773:
706:
682:
By the time of this trial, some of the public had learned about
3635:
3135:
2216:
1776:
1645:
1137:
516:
Participating in the mass murder of approximately 150,000 Jews
953:
Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review
670:
Participating in the mass murder of an unknown number of Jews
578:
Participating in the mass murder of approximately 72,000 Jews
547:
Participating in the mass murder of approximately 86,000 Jews
446:
Participating in the mass murder of approximately 43,000 Jews
417:
Participating in the mass murder of approximately 57,000 Jews
482:
Participating in the mass murder of approximately 3,600 Jews
2243:
Perpetrators, participants, organizations, and collaborators
237:
154:
988:"Fifty Years After: A Critical Look At The Eichmann Trial"
636:
Participating in the mass murder of approximately 30 Jews
607:
Participating in the mass murder of approximately 30 Jews
420:
Participating in the murder of approximately 68,000 Jews
391:
Participating in the mass murder of at least 39,000 Jews
116:
The Soviet Union conducted trials in the 1960s of former
3800:
International Youth Meeting Center in Oświęcim/Auschwitz
93:
trials held during the early and mid-1960s, such as the
1026:
Chris Webb, Carmelo Lisciotto, Victor Smart (2009),
786:
were held 1945–1948, within the walls of the former
485:
Participating in the murder of at least 79,000 Jews
449:
Participating in the murder of at least 15,000 Jews
246:, as well as Dutch historian and Holocaust survivor
3813:
3770:
3740:
3719:
3710:
3667:
3582:
3562:
3523:
3457:
3448:
3383:
3352:
3345:
3259:
3218:
3167:
3067:
3011:
2986:
2850:
2843:
2744:
2688:
2630:
2572:
2401:
2255:
2248:
2177:
2039:
1997:
1936:
1869:
1817:
1808:
1548:
1492:
1463:
1398:
1375:
1289:
1266:
1235:
1212:
1171:
67:
52:
40:
21:
867:
865:
3162:Resistance, victims, documentation and technical
1051:Ernst Klee; Willi Dressen; Volker Riess (1991).
323:Life imprisonment-served 16 years and died 1996
1116:. Indiana University Press. pp. 399–400.
997:(1/28/2012): 5–6, 7, 13, 27/31. Archived from
938:, BA 162/3168 (in) Bryant (2014), pp. 250–251.
768:personnel. The first cases were prosecuted in
3647:
3147:
2228:
1788:
1657:
1149:
1105:
1103:
1101:
8:
3833:Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust
1484:List of Sobibor extermination camp personnel
211:. Heinrich Unverhau was arrested along with
1803:Camps, ghettos, execution sites and attacks
140:, all of which had been located in Poland.
3716:
3654:
3640:
3632:
3454:
3349:
3154:
3140:
3132:
2847:
2252:
2235:
2221:
2213:
1814:
1795:
1781:
1773:
1769:
1664:
1650:
1642:
1156:
1142:
1134:
1015:Sobibor - The Forgotten Revolt: Murderers.
951:(PDF file, direct download), pp. 6–21/49.
914:
912:
452:3 years imprisonment-died 22 October 1971
423:4 years imprisonment-died 3 November 1976
273:
18:
841:
839:
164:Hubert Gomerski. He was acquitted in the
3758:Extraordinary (Soviet) State Commission
835:
3741:Polish, East German, and Soviet trials
3101:Lithuanian Auxiliary Police Battalions
1087:
1077:
1057:. Konecky Konecky. pp. 230–243.
16:War crimes trial against SS officials
7:
360:in prison custody before sentencing
89:. It was one of a series of similar
3662:Aftermath, trials and commemoration
1673:Holocaust in German-occupied Poland
1588:1 September 1942 to 17 October 1943
879:(PDF file, direct download 5.30 MB)
758:; seven were acquitted and released
3823:Polish Righteous Among the Nations
14:
3505:Special Prosecution Book – Poland
1520:Sobibor, October 14, 1943, 4 p.m.
3682:Population transfers (1944–1946)
2731:Ferdinand von Sammern-Frankenegg
701:Soviet Union trials of the 1960s
658:
642:Acquitted; reportedly died 1972
504:
488:4 years imprisonment; died 1980
468:
376:
339:
148:Investigator Dietrich Zeug from
29:
3785:Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum
3697:Anti-Jewish violence, 1944–1946
524:Acquitted-died 23 January 1972
215:no earlier than in March 1964.
3113:Schutzmannschaft Battalion 118
3089:36th Estonian Police Battalion
1054:SS-Oberscharführer Erich Bauer
1:
3780:Monument to the Ghetto Heroes
3610:Human medical experimentation
934:Dietrich Zeug (9 June 1960),
799:Mauthausen-Gusen camp trials
207:was caught in March 1962 in
203:and was identified in 1961.
199:lived under a false name in
3815:Righteous Among the Nations
3702:Ministry of Public Security
3081:Belarusian Auxiliary Police
1691:Related articles by country
1002:(PDF file, direct download)
750:, conducted before the 1st
219:classified them as secret.
3899:
3868:Sobibor extermination camp
3727:Frankfurt Auschwitz trials
3109:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
1585:28 April to 30 August 1942
1165:Sobibor extermination camp
875:Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka
814:Hamburg Ravensbrück trials
766:Chełmno extermination camp
120:, mostly Ukrainian Soviet
107:Frankfurt Auschwitz Trials
83:Sobibor extermination camp
56:6 September 1965
3883:Nazi war crimes in Poland
3631:
3500:Sobibor perpetrator album
3131:
3085:Estonian Auxiliary Police
2212:
2195:Human medical experiments
1772:
1768:
1679:
1579:
1540:Sobibor perpetrator album
788:Dachau concentration camp
756:Belzec extermination camp
144:West German investigation
28:
3748:Auschwitz trial (Poland)
3093:Latvian Auxiliary Police
2826:Karl Eberhard Schöngarth
2328:Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger
1028:"The Sobibor Death Camp"
3838:Garden of the Righteous
3590:Identification in camps
3583:Technical and logistics
3029:Order Police battalions
1327:Josef "Sepp" Hirtreiter
918:ARC (24 January 2006),
845:Michael Bryant (2014),
3251:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
2716:Heinrich Klaustermeyer
973:Bryant (2014), p. 140.
964:Bryant (2014), p. 160.
924:Aktion Reinhard Camps.
906:Bryant (2014), p. 133.
3790:Majdanek State Museum
2923:Karl-Friedrich Höcker
1827:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
1017:2014 Thomas T. Blatt.
676:Acquitted; died 1976
394:8 years imprisonment
185:World Jewish Congress
3267:Mordechai Anielewicz
2978:Elisabeth Volkenrath
2863:Jenny-Wanda Barkmann
2499:Arthur Liebehenschel
2424:Hermine Braunsteiner
2368:Arthur Seyss-Inquart
1425:Selma Engel-Wijnberg
1317:Siegfried Graetschus
227:The German court in
3805:March of the Living
3677:Holocaust survivors
3541:Vrba–Wetzler report
3317:Alexander Pechersky
3277:Mordechai Tenenbaum
2726:Alexander Palfinger
2549:Johann Schwarzhuber
2109:Międzyrzec Podlaski
2088:Lviv pogroms (1941)
1989:Sonderaktion Krakau
1527:Escape from Sobibor
1455:Stanisław Szmajzner
1440:Alexander Pechersky
719:Alexander Pechersky
697:in Berlin in 1980.
666:SS-Unterscharführer
632:SS-Unterscharführer
603:SS-Unterscharführer
573:SS-Unterscharführer
264:SS-Untersturmführer
138:extermination camps
3720:West German trials
3515:Wannsee Conference
3302:Itzhak Katzenelson
3054:General Government
2539:Franz Reichleitner
2469:Fritz Hartjenstein
2459:Maximilian Grabner
2378:Bruno Streckenbach
2190:Grossaktion Warsaw
1843:Operation Reinhard
1604:Auschwitz-Birkenau
1571:Extermination camp
1561:Operation Reinhard
1471:General Government
1464:Nazi organizations
1226:Franz Reichleitner
1033:2017-12-01 at the
684:SS-Oberscharführer
442:SS-Oberscharführer
413:SS-Oberscharführer
384:SS-Oberscharführer
347:SS-Oberscharführer
312:SS-Oberscharführer
244:Wolfgang Scheffler
161:SS-Oberscharführer
3850:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3766:
3765:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3578:
3577:
3570:Sonderaktion 1005
3444:
3443:
3127:
3126:
3105:Ypatingasis būrys
3007:
3006:
2948:Johanna Langefeld
2943:Hildegard Lächert
2839:
2838:
2675:Alfred Trzebinski
2640:Franz von Bodmann
2592:Lorenz Hackenholt
2434:Theodor van Eupen
2373:Jakob Sporrenberg
2208:
2207:
1932:
1931:
1639:
1638:
1478:Totenkopfverbände
1322:Lorenz Hackenholt
1123:978-0-253-03447-2
984:Ruth Bettina Birn
680:
679:
562:Heinrich Unverhau
533:Hans-Heinz Schütt
166:euthanasia trials
85:; it was held in
75:
74:
3890:
3878:Holocaust trials
3732:Treblinka trials
3717:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3633:
3531:Graebe affidavit
3524:Witness accounts
3470:Frank memorandum
3455:
3350:
3337:Szmul Zygielbojm
3327:Frumka Płotnicka
3287:Leon Feldhendler
3272:Icchak Cukierman
3226:Ghetto uprisings
3156:
3149:
3142:
3133:
3077:Schutzmannschaft
2898:Feodor Fedorenko
2848:
2756:Wolfgang Birkner
2544:Heinrich Schwarz
2534:Josef Oberhauser
2509:Heinrich Matthes
2393:Dieter Wisliceny
2383:Richard Thomalla
2358:Heinz Reinefarth
2308:Heinrich Himmler
2253:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2214:
2178:Other atrocities
1815:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1774:
1770:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1643:
1602:
1430:Leon Feldhendler
1415:Philip Bialowitz
1189:Richard Thomalla
1158:
1151:
1144:
1135:
1128:
1127:
1107:
1096:
1095:
1089:
1085:
1083:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1048:
1042:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1006:
1005:
1003:
992:
980:
974:
971:
965:
962:
956:
947:Michael Bryant,
945:
939:
932:
926:
916:
907:
904:
898:
897:
888:
886:
880:
869:
860:
843:
819:Treblinka trials
804:Nuremberg trials
662:
655:
654:
653:
626:
625:
624:
597:
596:
595:
566:
565:
564:
537:
536:
535:
508:
501:
500:
499:
472:
465:
464:
463:
436:
435:
434:
407:
406:
405:
380:
373:
372:
371:
343:
336:
335:
334:
305:
304:
303:
274:
250:, among others.
71:20 December 1966
63:
61:
33:
24:
19:
3898:
3897:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3873:1966 in Germany
3853:
3852:
3851:
3842:
3809:
3762:
3753:Stutthof trials
3736:
3706:
3663:
3660:
3619:
3605:Holocaust train
3574:
3558:
3546:Witold's Report
3536:Gerstein Report
3519:
3485:Katzmann Report
3465:Auschwitz Album
3440:
3379:
3341:
3307:Michał Klepfisz
3255:
3214:
3163:
3160:
3123:
3063:
3033:Ordnungspolizei
3003:
2982:
2963:Erich Muhsfeldt
2893:Margot Dreschel
2878:Alexander Bülow
2835:
2831:Udo von Woyrsch
2821:Hermann Schaper
2816:Emanuel Schäfer
2801:Josef Meisinger
2761:Helmut Bischoff
2740:
2696:Heinz Auerswald
2684:
2626:
2574:
2568:
2564:Christian Wirth
2474:Gottlieb Hering
2397:
2363:Julian Scherner
2348:Georg Michalsen
2333:Franz Kutschera
2293:Odilo Globocnik
2244:
2241:
2204:
2173:
2035:
1993:
1974:Kielce cemetery
1928:
1865:
1804:
1801:
1764:
1675:
1670:
1640:
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1600:
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1408:
1394:
1371:
1352:Ernst Stengelin
1297:Rudolf Beckmann
1285:
1268:
1262:
1231:
1208:
1204:Christian Wirth
1179:Odilo Globocnik
1172:Camp organizers
1167:
1162:
1132:
1131:
1124:
1109:
1108:
1099:
1086:
1076:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1035:Wayback Machine
1025:
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905:
901:
884:
882:
878:
871:
870:
863:
844:
837:
832:
821:, conducted in
793:Majdanek trials
780:, West Germany.
734:Auschwitz trial
730:
703:
649:
648:
647:
620:
619:
618:
591:
590:
589:
560:
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531:
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272:
260:Christian Wirth
256:
225:
146:
132:(1964–65), and
111:occupied Poland
59:
57:
36:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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3797:
3795:Sobibór Museum
3792:
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3552:Sonderkommando
3548:
3543:
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3533:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3495:Posen speeches
3492:
3490:Korherr Report
3487:
3482:
3480:Höfle telegram
3477:
3472:
3467:
3461:
3459:
3452:
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3334:
3329:
3324:
3322:Witold Pilecki
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3297:Henryk Iwański
3294:
3292:Paweł Frenkiel
3289:
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3097:Arajs Kommando
3073:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3026:
3019:Einsatzgruppen
3015:
3013:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2973:Alice Orlowski
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
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2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
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2900:
2895:
2890:
2888:John Demjanjuk
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2845:
2841:
2840:
2837:
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2834:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2786:Gerhard Flesch
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2752:
2750:
2747:Einsatzgruppen
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2690:
2689:Ghetto command
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2670:Horst Schumann
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2636:
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2628:
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2625:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
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2576:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2529:Johann Niemann
2526:
2521:
2516:
2514:Hermann Michel
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2489:Karl-Otto Koch
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2429:Irmfried Eberl
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2405:
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2399:
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2355:
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2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2318:Fritz Katzmann
2315:
2310:
2305:
2303:Arthur Greiser
2300:
2298:Richard Glücks
2295:
2290:
2285:
2283:Ludwig Fischer
2280:
2275:
2273:Adolf Eichmann
2270:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2217:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2197:
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2179:
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2174:
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2061:
2056:
2051:
2045:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1940:
1938:
1937:Mass shootings
1934:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1924:Danzig-Matzkau
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1889:Kraków-Płaszów
1886:
1881:
1875:
1873:
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1866:
1864:
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1606:
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1592:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1566:Höfle telegram
1563:
1558:
1552:
1550:
1549:Related topics
1546:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1514:Sobibór Museum
1511:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1473:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1450:Joseph Serchuk
1447:
1445:Jules Schelvis
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1388:John Demjanjuk
1379:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1362:Heinrich Barbl
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1337:Erich Lachmann
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1293:
1291:
1290:Other officers
1287:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1272:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1253:Johann Niemann
1250:
1248:Hermann Michel
1245:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1223:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1138:
1130:
1129:
1122:
1097:
1063:
1043:
1041:Sobibor Trial.
1019:
1007:
1004:on 2013-12-03.
975:
966:
957:
940:
927:
920:Sobibor Trials
908:
899:
861:
834:
833:
831:
828:
827:
826:
825:, West Germany
816:
811:
801:
796:
790:
781:
762:Chełmno trials
759:
745:
740:
729:
726:
702:
699:
678:
677:
674:
671:
668:
663:
656:
644:
643:
640:
637:
634:
629:
627:
615:
614:
611:
608:
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600:
598:
586:
585:
582:
579:
576:
569:
567:
555:
554:
551:
548:
545:
543:SS-Scharführer
540:
538:
526:
525:
522:
517:
514:
512:SS-Scharführer
509:
502:
497:Erich Lachmann
490:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:SS-Scharführer
473:
466:
454:
453:
450:
447:
444:
439:
437:
425:
424:
421:
418:
415:
410:
408:
396:
395:
392:
389:
386:
381:
374:
362:
361:
354:
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349:
344:
337:
325:
324:
321:
318:
315:
308:
306:
294:
293:
290:
287:
284:
281:
278:
271:
268:
255:
252:
248:Jules Schelvis
224:
221:
145:
142:
99:Adolf Eichmann
73:
72:
69:
65:
64:
54:
50:
49:
48:, West Germany
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3895:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3863:Sobibor trial
3861:
3860:
3858:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3692:Kielce pogrom
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3657:
3652:
3650:
3645:
3643:
3638:
3637:
3634:
3630:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3561:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3510:Stroop Report
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3450:Documentation
3447:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3282:Marek Edelman
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3168:Organizations
3166:
3157:
3152:
3150:
3145:
3143:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3069:Collaboration
3066:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:Organizations
3010:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2958:Eduard Lorenz
2956:
2954:
2953:Anton Lechner
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2938:Josef Kollmer
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2908:Kurt Gerstein
2906:
2904:
2903:Hans Hoffmann
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2873:Juana Bormann
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2811:Erich Naumann
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2766:Lothar Beutel
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2737:
2736:Jürgen Stroop
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2706:Josef Blösche
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2680:Eduard Wirths
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2665:Josef Mengele
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2655:Horst Fischer
2653:
2651:
2650:Karl Gebhardt
2648:
2646:
2645:Carl Clauberg
2643:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2617:Ludwig Plagge
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2607:Herbert Lange
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2587:Kurt Bolender
2585:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2571:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2559:Gustav Wagner
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
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2338:Erwin Lambert
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2323:Wilhelm Koppe
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2313:Hermann Höfle
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2017:
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1979:Aktion Krakau
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1949:Bloody Sunday
1947:
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1871:Concentration
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1819:Extermination
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1687:The Holocaust
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1556:The Holocaust
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1509:Sobibor trial
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1332:Alfred Ittner
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1308:
1307:Herbert Floss
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1281:Kurt Bolender
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1258:Gustav Wagner
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1194:Erwin Lambert
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1184:Hermann Höfle
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784:Dachau trials
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749:
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743:Belsen trials
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691:Berlin-Moabit
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432:Werner Dubois
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403:Alfred Ittner
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332:Kurt Bolender
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197:Kurt Bolender
193:
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119:
114:
112:
108:
104:
101:by Israel in
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
79:Sobibor trial
70:
66:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
32:
27:
23:Sobibór trial
20:
3551:
3475:Höcker Album
3458:Nazi sources
3346:Victim lists
3312:Miles Lerman
3119:Trawniki men
3059:Hotel Polski
2968:Detlef Nebbe
2933:Oswald Kaduk
2928:Karl Jeschke
2806:Bruno Müller
2796:Felix Landau
2781:Ernst Damzog
2776:Karl Brunner
2745:
2721:Franz Konrad
2622:Adolf Theuer
2575:executioners
2554:Franz Stangl
2524:Robert Mulka
2494:Josef Kramer
2444:Karl Frenzel
2414:Richard Baer
2409:Hans Aumeier
2402:Camp command
2388:Otto Wächter
2268:Josef Bühler
2263:Viktor Brack
2249:Perpetrators
1841:
1683:Main article
1623:
1601:Death camps:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1508:
1477:
1435:Dov Freiberg
1420:Thomas Blatt
1357:Ernst Zierke
1269:executioners
1243:Karl Frenzel
1220:Franz Stangl
1112:
1068:. Retrieved
1053:
1046:
1038:
1022:
1010:
999:the original
994:
978:
969:
960:
952:
943:
935:
930:
923:
902:
891:
890:
883:. Retrieved
874:
846:
748:Belzec trial
723:
716:
711:Trawniki men
704:
695:Tegel Prison
683:
681:
665:
631:
622:Ernst Zierke
602:
593:Robert Jührs
571:
542:
511:
475:
441:
412:
383:
346:
310:
301:Karl Frenzel
263:
257:
236:
232:
226:
217:
205:Karl Frenzel
194:
178:
159:
153:
147:
118:Trawniki men
115:
78:
76:
3595:Gas chamber
3563:Concealment
3554:photographs
3401:Gross-Rosen
3370:Lviv (Lwów)
3332:Roza Robota
3236:Częstochowa
2868:Herta Bothe
2858:Hans Anhalt
2851:Camp guards
2791:Ludwig Hahn
2771:Paul Blobel
2711:Franz Bürkl
2701:Hans Biebow
2660:Fritz Klein
2597:Josef Klehr
2582:Erich Bauer
2573:Gas chamber
2519:Karl Möckel
2504:Maria Mandl
2479:Rudolf Höss
2464:Otto Hantke
2353:Oswald Pohl
2343:Ernst Lerch
2154:Stanisławów
2064:Częstochowa
1954:Bronna Góra
1884:Gross-Rosen
1879:Auschwitz I
1342:Willi Mentz
1312:Erich Fuchs
1302:Paul Bredow
1276:Erich Bauer
1267:Gas chamber
1199:Karl Steubl
1088:|work=
810:, 1945–1946
808:Third Reich
736:of 1947 in
687:Erich Bauer
461:Erich Fuchs
289:Conviction
286:Indictment
280:Photograph
254:Proceedings
150:Ludvigsburg
128:(1963–65),
3857:Categories
2918:Irma Grese
2913:Paul Götze
2883:Luise Danz
2632:Physicians
2439:Kurt Franz
2288:Hans Frank
2256:Organizers
2200:Heidelager
1402:Resistance
1367:Franz Wolf
1213:Commandant
1070:8 February
1064:1568521332
857:1621900495
830:References
823:Düsseldorf
714:executed.
673:Acquitted
639:Acquitted
613:Acquitted
610:Acquitted
584:Acquitted
581:Acquitted
553:Acquitted
550:Acquitted
369:Franz Wolf
356:Committed
277:Defendant
213:Franz Wolf
189:Yad Vashem
136:(1975–81)
105:, and the
95:1961 trial
60:1965-09-06
44:Urteil LG
3772:Memorials
3669:Aftermath
3436:Treblinka
3391:Auschwitz
3246:Treblinka
3231:Białystok
3219:Uprisings
2999:Treblinka
2844:Personnel
2612:Otto Moll
2602:Hans Koch
2454:Amon Göth
2185:Action T4
2149:Sosnowiec
2119:Nowy Sącz
2054:Białystok
2021:Szczuczyn
1969:Erntefest
1959:Bydgoszcz
1944:Białystok
1859:Treblinka
1735:Lithuania
1629:Treblinka
1591:Up to 200
1499:Memorials
1496:Aftermath
1405:Survivors
1383:Trawnikis
1347:Paul Rost
1090:ignored (
1080:cite book
895:purposes.
885:9 October
520:Acquitted
292:Sentence
223:The trial
209:Göttingen
181:Action T4
170:Action T4
130:Treblinka
103:Jerusalem
91:war crime
3615:Zyklon B
3431:Trawniki
3426:Stutthof
3411:Majdanek
2159:Tarnopol
2099:Lubartów
2011:Jedwabne
1914:Trawniki
1904:Stutthof
1894:Potulice
1837:Majdanek
1755:Slovakia
1619:Majdanek
1236:Deputies
1031:Archived
728:See also
270:Verdicts
174:Butzbach
134:Majdanek
3600:Gas van
3416:Sobibór
3353:Ghettos
3260:Leaders
3241:Sobibor
2994:Sobibor
2987:By camp
2134:Siedlce
2041:Ghettos
2026:Tykocin
1998:Pogroms
1984:Palmiry
1909:Szebnie
1854:Sobibor
1832:Chełmno
1760:Ukraine
1745:Romania
1725:Germany
1715:Estonia
1710:Denmark
1705:Croatia
1700:Belgium
1695:Belarus
1624:Sobibor
1614:Chełmno
1534:Sobibor
892:Source:
778:Cologne
358:suicide
201:Hamburg
68:Decided
58: (
53:Started
3712:Trials
3687:Bricha
3421:Soldau
3406:Izbica
3396:Bełżec
3375:Warsaw
3360:Kraków
3200:Żegota
2169:Warsaw
2144:Słonim
2139:Sambor
2114:Mizocz
2104:Lublin
2079:Kraków
2074:Kielce
2069:Grodno
2049:Będzin
2031:Wąsosz
2007:(1946)
2005:Kielce
1919:Warsaw
1899:Soldau
1849:Belzec
1750:Russia
1740:Norway
1730:Latvia
1720:France
1609:Belzec
1376:Guards
1228:
1222:
1120:
1061:
855:
752:Munich
738:Kraków
126:Belzec
3384:Camps
3044:RKFDV
2164:Wilno
2129:Radom
2124:Pińsk
2059:Brest
1964:Dynów
1810:Camps
991:(PDF)
283:Rank
229:Hagen
87:Hagen
46:Hagen
41:Court
3827:List
3365:Łódź
3185:Bund
3049:VoMi
3039:WVHA
2094:Łódź
2084:Lwów
2016:Lviv
1118:ISBN
1092:help
1072:2015
1059:ISBN
1039:See:
887:2014
853:ISBN
776:and
774:Bonn
770:Łódź
707:Kiev
187:and
122:POWs
77:The
3210:ŻZW
3205:ŻOB
3195:PKB
3180:AOB
1476:SS-
764:of
97:of
3859::
3190:GL
3175:AK
3111:/
3107:,
3103:,
3099:,
3095:,
3091:,
3087:/
3083:,
3023:SS
1100:^
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1082:}}
1078:{{
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911:^
889:.
864:^
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859:.
62:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
