150:. The phenotypic forms of these genetic mutations can be observed in adult body forms, like the wings and the eyes, and thus can be examined using the wing-spot test and the eye-spot test, respectively. The loss of heterozygosity (LOH) for specific genetic markers in heterozygous individuals enables for visual scoring of DNA damage/genotoxicity in adult tissues
25:
124:
might theoretically cause this loss of heterozygosity, nondisjunction processes are generally not relevant for most of the examined chemicals. SMARTs are two different tests that use the same genetic foundation, but target different adult tissues and are named accordingly: the wing-spot test and the
99:
found in the environment. D. melanogaster has a short lifespan, which allows for fast reproductive cycles and high-throughput genotoxicity testing. D. melanogaster also has around 75% functional orthologs of human disease-related genes, making it an attractive in vivo model for human research. The
141:
occurs as a result of systemic hormonal regulation, with histolysis of the larval organs and differentiation of the imaginal discs into adult components. When these imaginal discs are exposed to genotoxic substances genetic mutations occur due to possible
180:
white (w) gene as a recessive marker to monitor the presence of white clones in wild-type eyes, which indicate the occurrence of loss of heterozygosity at the white locus due to point mutations and/or deletions, as well as nondisjunction and
167:
spots that represent the loss of heterozygozity due to point mutation, deletion, nondisjunction, or mitotic recombination using the recessive genetic markers multiple wing hair (mwh) and flare-3 (flr3), located on chromosome number 3.
598:
Vlastos, Dimitris; Drosopoulou, Elena; Efthimiou, Ioanna; Gavriilidis, Maximos; Panagaki, Dimitra; Mpatziou, Krystalenia; Kalamara, Paraskevi; Mademtzoglou, Despoina; Mavragani-Tsipidou, Penelope (2015-06-25). Fei, Peiwen (ed.).
498:
206:. Indeed, these tests have been used to determine the genotoxicity of a variety of agents, including radiation, metals, chemicals, plant extracts/products, therapeutic drugs, food products and various types of pollutants and
1232:"Relationships between cisplatin-induced adducts and DNA strand-breaks, mutation and recombination in vivo in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster, under different conditions of nucleotide excision repair"
201:
and homologous recombination. It's worth noting that measuring mitotic recombination in somatic cells is important for genotoxicity screening since abnormal recombination activity is frequently linked to
1193:"Genotoxicity testing of Cecropia obtusifolia extracts in two in vivo assays: The wing somatic mutation and recombination test of Drosophila and the human cytokinesis-block micronucleus test"
1152:
TĂ©llez, MarĂa
Guadalupe Ordaz; RodrĂguez, Horacio Bárcenas; Olivares, Guillermo Quevedo; Sortibrán, AmĂ©rica Nitxin Castañeda; Cetto, Adolfo Andrade; RodrĂguez-Arnaiz, Rosario (April 2007).
1154:"A phytotherapeutic extract of Equisetum myriochaetum is not genotoxic either in the in vivo wing somatic test of Drosophila or in the in vitro human micronucleus test"
601:"Genotoxic and Antigenotoxic Assessment of Chios Mastic Oil by the In Vitro Micronucleus Test on Human Lymphocytes and the In Vivo Wing Somatic Test on Drosophila"
1230:
GarcĂa Sar, Daniel; Aguado, Leticia; Montes BayĂłn, MarĂa; Comendador, Miguel A.; Blanco González, Elisa; Sanz-Medel, Alfredo; Sierra, Luisa MarĂa (January 2012).
1191:
Toledo, Varenka MartĂnez; Tellez, MarĂa
Guadalupe Ordáz; Sortibrán, AmĂ©rica Nitxin Castañeda; Andrade-Cetto, Adolfo; RodrĂguez-Arnaiz, Rosario (February 2008).
1410:
Dihl, Rafael
Rodrigues; da Silva, Carla Grazielli Azevedo; Amaral, Viviane Souza do; Reguly, Maria Luiza; de Andrade, HeloĂsa Helena Rodrigues (January 2008).
137:- clusters of diploid cells of undifferentiated epithelium- are formed in the embryo. The pupa emerges following the completion of the larval stages, and
844:"Genotoxicity studies in the ST cross of the Drosophila wing spot test of sunflower and soybean oils before and after frying and boiling procedures"
193:
These tests are particularly effective instruments for analyzing (in vivo) the potential genotoxicity of chemicals in the somatic cells of a higher
233:"Chemical Mutagens, Principles, and Methods for Their Detection, Volume 10, F.J. de Serres (ed.). New York: Plenum Press, 1986, 545 pp, $ 69.50"
520:
108:
in heterozygous or trans-heterozygous adults using phenotypically observable genetic markers in adult tissues. Although diverse events like
883:"The genotoxicity of chromium(VI) oxide in the wing spot test of Drosophila melanogaster is over 90% due to mitotic recombination"
163:
The wing-spot test in D. melanogaster was first described by Graf and WĂĽrgler. The wing-spot test determines for the induction of
1412:"Mutagenic and recombinagenic activity of airborne particulates, PM10 and TSP, organic extracts in the Drosophila wing-spot test"
499:"The w / w + Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) of Drosophila melanogaster for Detecting Antigenotoxic Activity"
363:"Mechanistic and methodological aspects of chemically-induced somatic mutation and recombination in Drosophila melanogaster"
715:"Genotoxicity of Neutrons in Drosophila melanogaster. Somatic Mutation and Recombination Induced by Reactor Neutrons"
713:
Guzmán-RincĂłn, J.; DelfĂn-Loya, A.; Ureña-Núñez, F.; Paredes, L. C.; Zambrano-Achirica, F.; Graf, U. (August 2005).
449:"Performance of 181 chemicals in a Drosophila assay predominantly monitoring interchromosomal mitotic recombination"
497:
GaivĂŁo, Isabel; Ferreira, JoĂŁo; MarĂa Sierra, Luisa (2021-01-27), Soloneski, Sonia; L. Larramendy, Marcelo (eds.),
182:
54:
1316:
Sotibrán, AmĂ©rica Nitxin Castañeda; Ordaz-TĂ©llez, MarĂa
Guadalupe; RodrĂguez-Arnaiz, Rosario (November 2011).
88:
448:
1365:"Genotoxic evaluation of two halonitromethane disinfection by-products in the Drosophila wing-spot test"
121:
264:"Human Disease Models in Drosophila melanogaster and the Role of the Fly in Therapeutic Drug Discovery"
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1279:"Genotoxic evaluation of antiepileptic drugs by Drosophila somatic mutation and recombination test"
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35:
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930:"Genotoxicity of two arsenic compounds in germ cells and somatic cells ofDrosophila melanogaster"
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Graf, U.; WĂĽrgler, F. E.; Katz, A. J.; Frei, H.; Juon, H.; Hall, C. B.; Kale, P. G. (1984).
291:
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244:
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91:(Fruit fly). These fruit fly tests are a short-term test and a non-mammalian approach for
1363:
GarcĂa-Quispes, Wilser A.; Carmona, Erico R.; Creus, Amadeu; Marcos, Ricardo (May 2009).
1427:
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1000:
985:"Genotoxicity modulation by cadmium treatment: Studies in the Drosophila wing spot test"
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1096:
1050:"Genotoxic effects of two nickel-compounds in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster"
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Costa, Wender
Ferreira; Oliveira, Alaide Braga de; Nepomuceno, JĂşlio CĂ©sar (2010).
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207:
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81:
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1097:"Genotoxicity of lapachol evaluated by wing spot test of Drosophila melanogaster"
625:
211:
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859:
683:
551:"Building an ommatidium one cell at a time: Ommatidial Assembly in Drosophila"
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Pandey, Udai Bhan; Nichols, Charles D. (June 2011). Barker, Eric L. (ed.).
24:
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347:
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778:"Analysis of UV-stimulated recombination in the Drosophila SMART assay"
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147:
92:
78:
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Rizki, Mostapha; Kossatz, Elk; Creus, Amadeu; Marcos, Ricardo (2004).
403:
Graf, U.; Frei, H.; Kägi, A.; Katz, A.J.; Würgler, F.E. (April 1989).
1277:
Yüksel, Muammer; Sarıkaya, Rabia; Bostanci, Neslihan (October 2010).
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887:
Mutation
Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis
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203:
164:
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324:"Somatic mutation and recombination test inDrosophila melanogaster"
1322:
Mutation
Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis
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Mutation
Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis
1054:
Mutation
Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis
185:
mitotic recombination in w/w+ somatic cells of
Drosophila in vivo
84:
367:
Mutation Research/Environmental Mutagenesis and Related Subjects
881:
Graf, Ulrich; Heo, Ok-Soon; Olvera Ramirez, Olga (April 1992).
18:
1048:
Carmona, Erico R.; Creus, Amadeu; Marcos, R. (January 2011).
1318:"Flavonoids and oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster"
928:
Ramos-Morales, Patricia; Rodriguez-Arnaiz, Rosario (1995).
842:
Demir, EĹźref; Marcos, Ricard; Kaya, BĂĽlent (October 2012).
503:
Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity - Mechanisms and Test Methods
405:"Thirty compounds tested in the Drosophila wing spot test"
776:
Kaya, BĂĽlent; KocaoÄźlu, Serap; Demir, EĹźref (June 2006).
398:
396:
317:
315:
49:
39:
668:"The Role of Mitotic Recombination in Carcinogenesis"
447:
Vogel, Ekkehart W.; Nivard, Madeleine J. M. (1993).
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organism as they detect primarily the production of
442:
440:
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210:.They've also been employed to look for potential
146:that can be inherited by the progeny cells during
133:In the developmental phase, larval structures and
75:somatic mutation and recombination tests (SMARTs)
8:
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361:Vogel, E.W.; Zijlstra, J.A. (October 1987).
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989:Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis
934:Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis
782:Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis
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837:
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7:
666:Sengstag, Christian (January 1994).
409:Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology
176:The eye w/w+ SMART assay uses the
14:
1389:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.01.007
549:Kumar, Justin P. (January 2012).
122:homologous mitotic recombination
23:
1113:10.1590/S1415-47572010005000070
1342:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.08.005
1256:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.11.005
1101:Genetics and Molecular Biology
1074:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.10.008
672:Critical Reviews in Toxicology
1:
1436:10.1016/j.envpol.2007.03.008
1283:Food and Chemical Toxicology
1197:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
1158:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
907:10.1016/0027-5107(92)90187-7
848:Food and Chemical Toxicology
626:10.1371/journal.pone.0130498
421:10.1016/0165-1218(89)90112-2
379:10.1016/0165-1161(87)90010-0
16:Genotoxic assay in fruit fly
231:von Borstel, R. C. (1987).
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1295:10.1016/j.fct.2010.06.040
1209:10.1016/j.jep.2007.10.041
1170:10.1016/j.jep.2006.11.011
860:10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.034
684:10.3109/10408449409017922
328:Environmental Mutagenesis
237:Environmental Mutagenesis
512:10.5772/intechopen.91630
1416:Environmental Pollution
268:Pharmacological Reviews
100:tests identify loss of
89:Drosophila melanogaster
38:, as no other articles
555:Developmental Dynamics
954:10.1002/em.2850250405
465:10.1093/mutage/8.1.57
340:10.1002/em.2860060206
280:10.1124/pr.110.003293
249:10.1002/em.2860090212
95:testing of putative
1428:2008EPoll.151...47D
1381:2009Chmsp..75..906G
1334:2011MRGTE.726...60S
1248:2012MRGTE.741...81G
1066:2011MRGTE.718...33C
1001:2004EnvMM..43..196R
946:1995EnvMM..25..288R
899:1992MRFMM.266..197G
794:2006EnvMM..47..357K
731:2005RadR..164..157G
617:2015PLoSO..1030498V
719:Radiation Research
567:10.1002/dvdy.23707
159:The wing-spot test
104:for the specified
57:for suggestions.
47:to this page from
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522:978-1-83880-041-3
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102:heterozygosity
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32:This article
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178:X-chromosome
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82:genotoxicity
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1369:Chemosphere
453:Mutagenesis
536:2021-12-01
218:References
195:eukaryotic
183:homologous
144:DNA damage
129:Background
97:genotoxins
53:; try the
40:link to it
1121:1415-4757
1019:0893-6692
810:0893-6692
747:0033-7587
692:1040-8444
635:1932-6203
531:216264392
473:0267-8357
288:0031-6997
114:deletions
62:June 2024
43:. Please
1464:Mutation
1458:Category
1444:17478021
1397:19215959
1350:21907306
1303:20600525
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