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Sosigenes (astronomer)

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Since the 18th century, the classicists have added to the name of Sosigenes, to distinguish it from others, the origin: "of Alexandria". However, no ancient source calls him that, or indicates that he was an Alexandrian. The misattribution may be from the fusion of two pieces of news about the reform
132:... There were three main schools, the Chaldaean, the Egyptian, and the Greek; and to these a fourth was added in our country by Caesar during his dictatorship, who with the assistance of the learned astronomer Sosigenes brought the separate years back into conformity with the course of the sun. 201:
that the reform was based on "Egyptian teachings" together with the news from Pliny that Sosigenes was one of the experts consulted by Caesar for the adaptation of the calendar.
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The introduction of the Julian year occurred in 46 BC. This particular year lasted 445 days in Rome to correct the erroneous old
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nine days quicker, shining sometimes before sunrise and sometimes after sunset, but according to
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The oldest mention of Sosigenes of Alexandria appears in the work of Le Fèvre de Morsan
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of the Roman calendar at the initiative of Julius Caesar, namely: the indication by
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I. Loeb Classical Library 330. Translated by H. Rackman, 1938, p.193.
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Consulted by Julius Caesar for the design of the Julian calendar
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Pliny the Elder Naturalis Historia XVIII, 210-212:Sosigene
221:. This portrayal is heavily fictionalized: he serves as 180:, and is thus considered "the longest year in history". 2117: 1995: 1945: 1919: 1841: 1823: 1722: 1715: 1571: 1533: 1350: 958: 892: 871: 780: 729: 668: 450: 58: 43: 35: 21: 92:) was an Ancient Greek astronomer. According to 146: 130: 936: 428: 283:. Vol. II, M–Z. Springer. p. 1074. 8: 408:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 1949: 1719: 943: 929: 921: 435: 421: 413: 18: 279:. In Hockey, Thomas; et al. (eds.). 140:, which is described by Pliny in book 2, 128:. Sosigenes appears in Book 18, 210-212: 106:consulted him while he was designing the 258: 136:Sosigenes is credited with work on the 1972:Latin translations of the 12th century 359:Macrobius, Saturnalia 1.14.3, 1.16.39. 281:Biographical dictionary of astronomers 1702:Straightedge and compass construction 118:Little is known about him apart from 7: 1667:Incircle and excircles of a triangle 206:Des Moeurs et des Usages des Romains 316:Book II, 36-41 in Pliny the Elder, 14: 2184: 2171: 382: 2004:A History of Greek Mathematics 1517:The Quadrature of the Parabola 1: 833:Inferior and superior planets 1785:Intersecting secants theorem 1780:Intersecting chords theorem 1647:Doctrine of proportionality 331:The Longest Year in History 275:Dialetis, Dimitris (2007). 211:Sosigenes was portrayed by 2242: 2226:1st-century BC astronomers 1476:On the Sphere and Cylinder 1429:On the Sizes and Distances 910:Medieval Islamic astronomy 707:On the Sizes and Distances 170:never more than 22 degrees 81: 2211:Ancient Greek astronomers 2178:Ancient Greece portal 2167: 1982:Philosophy of mathematics 1952: 1897:Ptolemy's table of chords 952:Ancient Greek mathematics 900:Medieval European science 630:Sosigenes the Peripatetic 307:18.211, trans. H. Rackham 277:"Sosigenes of Alexandria" 66: 51: 28: 1849:Aristarchus's inequality 1422:On Conoids and Spheroids 29: 16:Ancient Greek astronomer 1957:Ancient Greek astronomy 1770:Inscribed angle theorem 1760:Greek geometric algebra 1415:Measurement of a Circle 625:Sosigenes of Alexandria 444:Ancient Greek astronomy 405:Encyclopædia Britannica 341:Appian, Civil war 2.154 2221:Roman-era Alexandrians 2191:Mathematics portal 1977:Non-Euclidean geometry 1932:Mouseion of Alexandria 1805:Tangent-secant theorem 1755:Geometric mean theorem 1740:Exterior angle theorem 1735:Angle bisector theorem 1439:On Sizes and Distances 697:On Sizes and Distances 174: 134: 1879:Pappus's area theorem 1815:Theorem of the gnomon 1692:Quadratrix of Hippias 1615:Circles of Apollonius 1563:Problem of Apollonius 1541:Constructible numbers 1365:Archimedes Palimpsest 808:Deferent and epicycle 737:Antikythera mechanism 208:, published in 1739. 2095:prehistoric counting 1892:Ptolemy's inequality 1833:Apollonius's theorem 1672:Method of exhaustion 1642:Diophantine equation 1632:Circumscribed circle 1449:On the Moving Sphere 879:Babylonian astronomy 570:Hippocrates of Chios 2181: • 1987:Neusis construction 1907:Spiral of Theodorus 1800:Pythagorean theorem 1745:Euclidean algorithm 1687:Lune of Hippocrates 1556:Squaring the circle 1312:Theon of Alexandria 987:Aristaeus the Elder 650:Theon of Alexandria 1874:Menelaus's theorem 1864:Irrational numbers 1677:Parallel postulate 1652:Euclidean geometry 1620:Apollonian circles 1162:Isidore of Miletus 884:Egyptian astronomy 798:Circle of latitude 215:in the 1963 movie 184:Cultural depiction 172:away from the sun. 2198: 2197: 2163: 2162: 1915: 1914: 1902:Ptolemy's theorem 1775:Intercept theorem 1625:Apollonian gasket 1551:Doubling the cube 1524:The Sand Reckoner 918: 917: 793:Celestial spheres 350:Cassius Dio 43.26 235:war against Egypt 233:, commencing his 156:, by some called 148:The star next to 70: 69: 53:Scientific career 2233: 2189: 2188: 2176: 2175: 2174: 1950: 1937:Platonic Academy 1884:Problem II.8 of 1854:Crossbar theorem 1810:Thales's theorem 1750:Euclid's theorem 1720: 1637:Commensurability 1598:Axiomatic system 1546:Angle trisection 1511: 1501: 1463: 1453: 1443: 1433: 1409: 1399: 1382: 945: 938: 931: 922: 905:Indian astronomy 858:Sublunary sphere 828:Hipparchic cycle 767:Mural instrument 742:Armillary sphere 721: 711: 701: 691: 681: 437: 430: 423: 414: 409: 388: 386: 385: 374: 373: 370:"Kiwi Hellenist" 366: 360: 357: 351: 348: 342: 339: 333: 327: 321: 314: 308: 301: 295: 294: 272: 266: 263: 138:orbit of Mercury 84: 83: 19: 2241: 2240: 2236: 2235: 2234: 2232: 2231: 2230: 2216:Julian calendar 2201: 2200: 2199: 2194: 2183: 2172: 2170: 2159: 2125:Arabian/Islamic 2113: 2102:numeral systems 1991: 1941: 1911: 1859:Heron's formula 1837: 1819: 1711: 1707:Triangle center 1697:Regular polygon 1574:and definitions 1573: 1567: 1529: 1509: 1499: 1461: 1451: 1441: 1431: 1407: 1397: 1380: 1346: 1317:Theon of Smyrna 962: 954: 949: 919: 914: 888: 867: 853:Spherical Earth 788:Callippic cycle 776: 757:Equatorial ring 725: 719: 709: 699: 689: 679: 664: 655:Theon of Smyrna 446: 441: 398:, ed. (1911). " 394: 383: 381: 378: 377: 368: 367: 363: 358: 354: 349: 345: 340: 336: 328: 324: 318:Natural History 315: 311: 305:Natural History 302: 298: 291: 274: 273: 269: 264: 260: 255: 243: 186: 142:Natural History 125:Natural History 116: 108:Julian calendar 99:Natural History 94:Pliny the Elder 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2239: 2237: 2229: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2213: 2203: 2202: 2196: 2195: 2168: 2165: 2164: 2161: 2160: 2158: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2121: 2119: 2118:Other cultures 2115: 2114: 2112: 2111: 2110: 2109: 2099: 2098: 2097: 2087: 2086: 2085: 2075: 2074: 2073: 2063: 2062: 2061: 2051: 2050: 2049: 2039: 2038: 2037: 2027: 2026: 2025: 2015: 2014: 2013: 1999: 1997: 1993: 1992: 1990: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1967:Greek numerals 1964: 1962:Attic numerals 1959: 1953: 1947: 1943: 1942: 1940: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1923: 1921: 1917: 1916: 1913: 1912: 1910: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1881: 1876: 1871: 1866: 1861: 1856: 1851: 1845: 1843: 1839: 1838: 1836: 1835: 1829: 1827: 1821: 1820: 1818: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1790:Law of cosines 1787: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1731: 1729: 1717: 1713: 1712: 1710: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1682:Platonic solid 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1662:Greek numerals 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1639: 1634: 1629: 1628: 1627: 1622: 1612: 1607: 1606: 1605: 1595: 1594: 1593: 1588: 1577: 1575: 1569: 1568: 1566: 1565: 1560: 1559: 1558: 1553: 1548: 1537: 1535: 1531: 1530: 1528: 1527: 1520: 1513: 1503: 1493: 1490:Planisphaerium 1486: 1479: 1472: 1465: 1455: 1445: 1435: 1425: 1418: 1411: 1401: 1391: 1384: 1374: 1367: 1362: 1354: 1352: 1348: 1347: 1345: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 994: 989: 984: 979: 974: 968: 966: 960:Mathematicians 956: 955: 950: 948: 947: 940: 933: 925: 916: 915: 913: 912: 907: 902: 896: 894: 890: 889: 887: 886: 881: 875: 873: 869: 868: 866: 865: 860: 855: 850: 845: 840: 835: 830: 825: 820: 815: 810: 805: 800: 795: 790: 784: 782: 778: 777: 775: 774: 769: 764: 759: 754: 749: 744: 739: 733: 731: 727: 726: 724: 723: 717:On the Heavens 713: 703: 693: 690:(Eratosthenes) 683: 672: 670: 666: 665: 663: 662: 657: 652: 647: 642: 637: 632: 627: 622: 617: 612: 607: 602: 597: 595:Philip of Opus 592: 587: 582: 577: 572: 567: 562: 557: 552: 547: 542: 537: 532: 527: 522: 517: 512: 507: 502: 497: 492: 487: 482: 477: 472: 467: 462: 456: 454: 448: 447: 442: 440: 439: 432: 425: 417: 411: 410: 396:Chisholm, Hugh 376: 375: 361: 352: 343: 334: 322: 309: 296: 289: 267: 257: 256: 254: 251: 250: 249: 242: 239: 185: 182: 178:Roman calendar 168:and Sosigenes 115: 112: 90:1st century BC 68: 67: 64: 63: 60: 56: 55: 49: 48: 45: 44:Known for 41: 40: 37: 33: 32: 26: 25: 22: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2238: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2208: 2206: 2193: 2192: 2187: 2180: 2179: 2166: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2122: 2120: 2116: 2108: 2105: 2104: 2103: 2100: 2096: 2093: 2092: 2091: 2088: 2084: 2081: 2080: 2079: 2076: 2072: 2069: 2068: 2067: 2064: 2060: 2057: 2056: 2055: 2052: 2048: 2045: 2044: 2043: 2040: 2036: 2033: 2032: 2031: 2028: 2024: 2021: 2020: 2019: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2007: 2006: 2005: 2001: 2000: 1998: 1994: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1944: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1928: 1925: 1924: 1922: 1918: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1887: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1846: 1844: 1840: 1834: 1831: 1830: 1828: 1826: 1822: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1795:Pons asinorum 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1766: 1765:Hinge theorem 1763: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1751: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1727: 1721: 1718: 1714: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1638: 1635: 1633: 1630: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1617: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1604: 1601: 1600: 1599: 1596: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1583: 1582: 1579: 1578: 1576: 1570: 1564: 1561: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1543: 1542: 1539: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1526: 1525: 1521: 1519: 1518: 1514: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1492: 1491: 1487: 1485: 1484: 1480: 1478: 1477: 1473: 1471: 1470: 1466: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1434: 1432:(Aristarchus) 1430: 1426: 1424: 1423: 1419: 1417: 1416: 1412: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1390: 1389: 1385: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1373: 1372: 1368: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1360: 1356: 1355: 1353: 1349: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1337:Zeno of Sidon 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 993: 990: 988: 985: 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 969: 967: 965: 961: 957: 953: 946: 941: 939: 934: 932: 927: 926: 923: 911: 908: 906: 903: 901: 898: 897: 895: 891: 885: 882: 880: 877: 876: 874: 870: 864: 861: 859: 856: 854: 851: 849: 846: 844: 841: 839: 838:Metonic cycle 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 824: 823:Heliocentrism 821: 819: 816: 814: 811: 809: 806: 804: 803:Counter-Earth 801: 799: 796: 794: 791: 789: 786: 785: 783: 779: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 748: 745: 743: 740: 738: 735: 734: 732: 728: 722: 718: 714: 712: 710:(Aristarchus) 708: 704: 702: 698: 694: 692: 688: 684: 682: 678: 674: 673: 671: 667: 661: 658: 656: 653: 651: 648: 646: 643: 641: 638: 636: 633: 631: 628: 626: 623: 621: 618: 616: 613: 611: 608: 606: 603: 601: 598: 596: 593: 591: 588: 586: 583: 581: 578: 576: 573: 571: 568: 566: 563: 561: 558: 556: 553: 551: 548: 546: 543: 541: 538: 536: 533: 531: 528: 526: 523: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 496: 493: 491: 488: 486: 483: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 466: 463: 461: 458: 457: 455: 453: 449: 445: 438: 433: 431: 426: 424: 419: 418: 415: 407: 406: 401: 397: 392: 391:public domain 380: 379: 371: 365: 362: 356: 353: 347: 344: 338: 335: 332: 326: 323: 319: 313: 310: 306: 300: 297: 292: 290:9780387304007 286: 282: 278: 271: 268: 262: 259: 252: 248: 245: 244: 240: 238: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 219: 214: 209: 207: 202: 200: 196: 192: 183: 181: 179: 173: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 145: 143: 139: 133: 129: 127: 126: 121: 113: 111: 109: 105: 104:Julius Caesar 101: 100: 95: 91: 88: 78: 74: 65: 61: 57: 54: 50: 46: 42: 38: 34: 27: 20: 2182: 2169: 2011:Thomas Heath 2002: 1885: 1869:Law of sines 1725: 1657:Golden ratio 1522: 1515: 1506: 1500:(Theodosius) 1496: 1488: 1481: 1474: 1467: 1458: 1448: 1442:(Hipparchus) 1438: 1428: 1420: 1413: 1404: 1394: 1386: 1381:(Apollonius) 1377: 1369: 1357: 1332:Zeno of Elea 1092:Eratosthenes 1082:Dionysodorus 716: 706: 700:(Hipparchus) 696: 687:Catasterismi 686: 676: 535:Eratosthenes 403: 364: 355: 346: 337: 325: 317: 312: 304: 299: 280: 270: 261: 216: 210: 205: 203: 187: 175: 147: 141: 135: 131: 123: 117: 102:18.210–212, 97: 72: 71: 52: 2078:mathematics 1886:Arithmetica 1483:Ostomachion 1452:(Autolycus) 1371:Arithmetica 1147:Hippocrates 1077:Dinostratus 1062:Dicaearchus 992:Aristarchus 818:Geocentrism 730:Instruments 720:(Aristotle) 525:Cleostratus 490:Aristarchus 470:Anaximander 452:Astronomers 213:Hume Cronyn 195:Cassius Dio 36:Nationality 2205:Categories 2130:Babylonian 2030:arithmetic 1996:History of 1825:Apollonius 1510:(Menelaus) 1469:On Spirals 1388:Catoptrics 1327:Xenocrates 1322:Thymaridas 1307:Theodosius 1292:Theaetetus 1272:Simplicius 1262:Pythagoras 1247:Posidonius 1232:Philonides 1192:Nicomachus 1187:Metrodorus 1177:Menaechmus 1132:Hipparchus 1122:Heliodorus 1072:Diophantus 1057:Democritus 1037:Chrysippus 1007:Archimedes 1002:Apollonius 972:Anaxagoras 964:(timeline) 893:Influenced 872:Influences 843:Octaeteris 772:Triquetrum 660:Timocharis 645:Theodosius 605:Posidonius 565:Hipparchus 555:Heraclides 495:Aristyllus 480:Apollonius 475:Andronicus 329:Lienhard, 253:References 162:revolution 1591:Inscribed 1351:Treatises 1342:Zenodorus 1302:Theodorus 1277:Sosigenes 1222:Philolaus 1207:Oenopides 1202:Nicoteles 1197:Nicomedes 1157:Hypsicles 1052:Ctesibius 1042:Cleomedes 1027:Callippus 1012:Autolycus 997:Aristotle 977:Anthemius 747:Astrolabe 680:(Ptolemy) 600:Philolaus 590:Oenopides 575:Hypsicles 520:Cleomedes 515:Callippus 505:Autolycus 460:Aglaonice 400:Sosigenes 227:the Forum 223:Cleopatra 218:Cleopatra 199:Macrobius 114:Biography 82:Σωσιγένης 73:Sosigenes 62:Astronomy 30:Σωσιγένης 23:Sosigenes 2155:Japanese 2140:Egyptian 2083:timeline 2071:timeline 2059:timeline 2054:geometry 2047:timeline 2042:calculus 2035:timeline 2023:timeline 1726:Elements 1572:Concepts 1534:Problems 1507:Spherics 1497:Spherics 1462:(Euclid) 1408:(Euclid) 1405:Elements 1398:(Euclid) 1359:Almagest 1267:Serenus 1242:Porphyry 1182:Menelaus 1137:Hippasus 1112:Eutocius 1087:Domninus 982:Archytas 848:Solstice 781:Concepts 677:Almagest 620:Seleucus 580:Menelaus 540:Euctemon 241:See also 231:Octavian 2135:Chinese 2090:numbers 2018:algebra 1946:Related 1920:Centers 1716:Results 1586:Central 1257:Ptolemy 1252:Proclus 1217:Perseus 1172:Marinus 1152:Hypatia 1142:Hippias 1117:Geminus 1107:Eudoxus 1097:Eudemus 1067:Diocles 752:Dioptra 615:Pytheas 610:Ptolemy 560:Hicetas 550:Geminus 545:Eudoxus 500:Attalus 465:Agrippa 393::  303:Pliny, 247:Acoreus 166:Cidenas 154:Mercury 2150:Indian 1927:Cyrene 1459:Optics 1378:Conics 1297:Theano 1287:Thales 1282:Sporus 1227:Philon 1212:Pappus 1102:Euclid 1032:Carpus 1022:Bryson 863:Zodiac 813:Equant 762:Gnomon 640:Thales 635:Strabo 485:Aratus 387:  287:  191:Appian 158:Apollo 59:Fields 2145:Incan 2066:logic 1842:Other 1610:Chord 1603:Axiom 1581:Angle 1237:Plato 1127:Heron 1047:Conon 669:Works 585:Meton 530:Conon 150:Venus 120:Pliny 77:Greek 39:Greek 2107:list 1395:Data 1167:Leon 1017:Bion 510:Bion 285:ISBN 197:and 2009:by 1723:In 402:". 229:by 152:is 122:'s 96:'s 87:fl. 85:) ( 2207:: 193:, 144:: 110:. 79:: 944:e 937:t 930:v 436:e 429:t 422:v 372:. 293:. 75:(

Index

Greek
fl.
1st century BC
Pliny the Elder
Natural History
Julius Caesar
Julian calendar
Pliny
Natural History
orbit of Mercury
Venus
Mercury
Apollo
revolution
Cidenas
never more than 22 degrees
Roman calendar
Appian
Cassius Dio
Macrobius
Hume Cronyn
Cleopatra
Cleopatra
the Forum
Octavian
war against Egypt
Acoreus
"Sosigenes of Alexandria"
ISBN
9780387304007

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