658:
Nurse, Derek. 1988. "Extinct
Southern Cushitic Communities in East Africa". In: Bechhaus-Gerst, M. & F. Serzisko (eds), Cushitic-Omotic: Papers from the International Symposium on Cushitic and Omotic Languages. St. Augustin, Jan. 6-9 1986. Hamburg. Helmut Buske.
225:
languages were once included in South
Cushitic, but were not considered Rift. Kießling restricts South Cushitic to West Rift as its only indisputable branch. He states that Dahalo has too many East Cushitic features to belong to South Cushitic, as does Ma'a. (The
437:. Alagwa has become similar to Burunge through intense contact, and so had previously been classified as a Southern West Rift language. Aasax and Kw'adza are poorly attested and, like Dahalo, maybe the result language shift from non-Cushitic languages.
632:
Kiessling, Roland. 2002. Wille, Initiierung und
Kontrolle: zur Morphosemantik von Experiensverben im Südkuschitischen. In: Aktuelle Forschungen zu afrikanischen Sprachen (Tagungsband des 14. Afrikanistentags), ed by Theda Schumann, Mechthild Reh,
629:
Kiessling, Roland. 2001. South
Cushitic links to East Cushitic. In: New Data and New Methods in Afroasiatic Linguistics - Robert Hetzron in memoriam; ed. by Andrzej Zaborski. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 95–102.
655:
Kiessling, Roland. 2004. Tonogenesis in
Southern Cushitic (Common West Rift). In: Stress and Tone – the African Experience, edited by Rose-Juliet Anyanwu. Frankfurter Afrikanistische Blätter 15: 141–163.
623:
Kiessling, Roland. 1995. Verbal
Inflectional Suffixes in the West Rift Group of Southern Cushitic. In: Cushitic and Omotic Languages, ed. by C. Griefenow-Mewis und R. M. Voigt. Köln, 59–70.
444:, appear to have been more distinct from the current Rift languages than other related languages. They are similar to an earlier form of Rift, which Nurse (1988) calls "Greater Rift".
644:
Kiessling, Roland. 2003. Infix genesis in
Southern Cushitic. In: Selected Comparative-Historical Afrasian Linguistic Studies in memory of Igor M. Diakonoff; hrsg. v.
613:
BLAŽEK, Václav. 2005. Current progress in South
Cushitic Comparative Historical Linguistics. Folia Orientalia 42, no. 1, pp. 177–224. (Poland. ISSN 0015-5675)
516:
234:
may once have spoken languages similar to Dahalo.) He deems Kw'adza and Aasax in turn insufficiently described to classify as even
Cushitic with any certainty.
713:
440:
Several additional and now extinct South
Cushitic languages are deduced from their influence on the Bantu languages that replaced them. Two of these,
194:. It is possible that the great lexical divergence of Rift from East Cushitic is due to Rift being partially influenced through contact with
489:
1208:
526:
499:
825:
706:
873:
179:
968:
140:, with half a million speakers. Scholars believe that these languages were spoken by Southern Cushitic agro-pastoralists from
594:
567:
472:
182:. Kießling & Mous (2003) have proposed more specifically that they be linked to a Southern Lowland branch, together with
156:
The original homeland of Proto-South Cushitic was in Southwest Ethiopia. South Cushitic speakers then migrated south to
924:
699:
626:
Kiessling, Roland. 2000. Some salient features of Southern Cushitic (Common West Rift). Lingua Posnaniensis 42: 69-89
586:
Cushitic-Omotic: Papers from the International Symposium on Cushitic and Omotic Languages, Cologne, January 6-9, 1986
833:
441:
1095:
1034:
882:
1019:
891:
434:
207:
203:
199:
584:
60:
634:
1157:
400:
981:
722:
133:
65:
1007:
934:
853:
767:
590:
563:
555:
522:
495:
468:
384:
195:
169:
145:
462:
1141:
1060:
987:
941:
914:
904:
848:
777:
645:
348:
218:
1146:
1136:
1090:
976:
951:
919:
863:
858:
815:
785:
748:
649:
638:
560:
Language Death: Factual and Theoretical Explorations with Special Reference to East Africa
323:
284:
222:
211:
187:
55:
1189:
1151:
1065:
1055:
1029:
993:
958:
929:
909:
899:
843:
838:
743:
738:
730:
299:
191:
183:
175:
137:
86:
111:
1202:
1174:
1105:
1100:
1085:
1024:
760:
754:
684:
464:
The Swahili: Reconstructing the History and Language of an African Society, 800-1500
1130:
790:
157:
198:, as perhaps evidenced by the unusually high frequency of the ejective affricates
518:
From Hunters to Farmers: The Causes and Consequences of Food Production in Africa
541:
Roland Kießling, "South Cushitic links to East Cushitic", in Zaborski ed, 2001,
17:
178:(1980:70ff) suggested that the Rift languages (South Cushitic) are a part of
946:
105:
618:
The Historical Reconstruction of Southern Cushitic Phonology and Vocabulary
141:
129:
48:
210:. Kießling & Mous suggest that these ejectives may be remnants of
691:
231:
217:
The terms "South Cushitic" and "Rift" are not quite synonymous: The
1039:
227:
695:
664:
The Lexical Reconstruction of West-Rift (Southern Cushitic)
686:
Was there ever a Southern Cushitic Language (Pre-)Ma'a?
515:
Clark, John Desmond; Brandt, Steven A. (January 1984).
671:
The Making of a Mixed Language: The Case of Ma'a/Mbugu
583:
Marianne Bechhaus-Gerst (1988). Fritz Serzisko (ed.).
620:. (Kolner Beitrage zur Afrikanistik). Reimer Verlag.
1167:
1120:
1078:
1048:
1006:
967:
890:
881:
872:
824:
776:
729:
543:
New Data and New Methods in Afroasiatic Linguistics
104:
80:
54:
42:
32:
467:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 34.
160:and further south, entering Tanzania in 2000BC.
707:
8:
433:Iraqw and Gorowa are close enough for basic
206:, which outnumber pulmonary consonants like
27:Branch of the Cushitic languages of Tanzania
1012:
887:
878:
714:
700:
692:
144:, who began migrating southward into the
662:Roland Kießling and Maarten Mous. 2003.
562:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 392–394.
453:
168:The Rift languages are named after the
589:. Buske Verlag. pp. 95 & 99.
556:"A survey of language death in Africa"
491:A History of African Societies to 1870
29:
461:Derek Nurse, Thomas T. Spear (1985).
79:
7:
488:Isichei, Elizabeth (13 April 1997).
377:
277:
269:
261:
249:
237:
172:of Tanzania, where they are found.
521:. University of California Press.
25:
558:. In Matthias Brenzinger (ed.).
641:. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe, 171–192.
494:. Cambridge University Press.
1:
371: ? East Rift
148:in the third millennium BC.
652:. München: Lincom, 109–122.
1225:
616:Ehret, Christopher. 1980.
214:from the source language.
1183:
1015:
398:
382:
375:
346:
321:
297:
282:
275:
267:
259:
247:
56:Linguistic classification
37:
1209:South Cushitic languages
554:Gabriele Sommer (1992).
136:. The most numerous is
669:Mous, Maarten (2003).
435:mutual intelligibility
648:, Gabor Takacs &
273: Iraqwoid
255: West Rift
180:Lowland East Cushitic
98:? East Rift (extinct)
92:Nyanza Rift (extinct)
132:are a branch of the
723:Cushitic languages
344: South
265: North
134:Cushitic languages
1196:
1195:
1190:extinct languages
1116:
1115:
1074:
1073:
1002:
1001:
430:
429:
421:
420:
412:
411:
359:
358:
334:
333:
310:
309:
196:Khoisan languages
170:Great Rift Valley
146:Great Rift Valley
118:
117:
16:(Redirected from
1216:
1013:
942:Somali languages
888:
879:
716:
709:
702:
693:
674:
646:Lionel M. Bender
601:
600:
580:
574:
573:
551:
545:
539:
533:
532:
512:
506:
505:
485:
479:
478:
458:
378:
372:
278:
270:
262:
256:
250:
238:
209:
205:
201:
114:
30:
21:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1179:
1163:
1112:
1070:
1044:
998:
963:
868:
820:
772:
725:
720:
681:
668:
650:David Appleyard
639:Ludwig Gerhardt
635:Roland Kießling
610:
605:
604:
597:
582:
581:
577:
570:
553:
552:
548:
540:
536:
529:
514:
513:
509:
502:
487:
486:
482:
475:
460:
459:
455:
450:
431:
422:
413:
373:
370:
360:
335:
311:
257:
254:
166:
154:
110:
44:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1222:
1220:
1212:
1211:
1201:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1126:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1093:
1088:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1035:Southern Oromo
1032:
1027:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1000:
999:
997:
996:
991:
984:
979:
973:
971:
965:
964:
962:
961:
956:
955:
954:
949:
939:
938:
937:
932:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
896:
894:
885:
876:
870:
869:
867:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
830:
828:
822:
821:
819:
818:
813:
812:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
788:
782:
780:
774:
773:
771:
770:
765:
764:
763:
758:
746:
741:
735:
733:
727:
726:
721:
719:
718:
711:
704:
696:
690:
689:
680:
679:External links
677:
676:
675:
666:
660:
656:
653:
642:
630:
627:
624:
621:
614:
609:
606:
603:
602:
595:
575:
568:
546:
534:
527:
507:
500:
480:
473:
452:
451:
449:
446:
442:Taita Cushitic
428:
427:
424:
423:
419:
418:
415:
414:
410:
409:
406:
405:
397:
394:
393:
390:
389:
381:
376:
374:
369:
366:
365:
362:
361:
357:
356:
353:
352:
345:
341:
340:
337:
336:
332:
331:
328:
327:
320:
317:
316:
313:
312:
308:
307:
304:
303:
296:
293:
292:
289:
288:
281:
276:
274:
268:
266:
260:
258:
253:
248:
246:
236:
165:
164:Classification
162:
153:
150:
122:South Cushitic
116:
115:
108:
102:
101:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
87:Taita Cushitic
82:
78:
77:
76:
75:
74:
73:
71:South Cushitic
58:
52:
51:
46:
40:
39:
35:
34:
33:South Cushitic
26:
24:
18:South Cushitic
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1221:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1020:Eastern Oromo
1018:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1005:
995:
992:
990:
989:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
974:
972:
970:
966:
960:
957:
953:
950:
948:
945:
944:
943:
940:
936:
933:
931:
928:
927:
926:
925:Rendille–Boni
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
897:
895:
893:
889:
886:
884:
880:
877:
875:
871:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
831:
829:
827:
826:Highland East
823:
817:
814:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
793:
792:
789:
787:
784:
783:
781:
779:
775:
769:
766:
762:
759:
757:
756:
752:
751:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
736:
734:
732:
728:
724:
717:
712:
710:
705:
703:
698:
697:
694:
688:
687:
683:
682:
678:
672:
667:
665:
661:
657:
654:
651:
647:
643:
640:
636:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
615:
612:
611:
607:
598:
592:
588:
587:
579:
576:
571:
565:
561:
557:
550:
547:
544:
538:
535:
530:
528:9780520045743
524:
520:
519:
511:
508:
503:
501:9780521455992
497:
493:
492:
484:
481:
476:
470:
466:
465:
457:
454:
447:
445:
443:
438:
436:
426:
425:
417:
416:
408:
407:
404:
402:
396:
395:
392:
391:
388:
386:
380:
379:
368:
367:
364:
363:
355:
354:
351:
350:
343:
342:
339:
338:
330:
329:
326:
325:
319:
318:
315:
314:
306:
305:
302:
301:
295:
294:
291:
290:
287:
286:
280:
279:
272:
271:
264:
263:
252:
251:
244:
240:
239:
235:
233:
229:
224:
220:
215:
213:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
171:
163:
161:
159:
151:
149:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
128:languages of
127:
123:
113:
109:
107:
103:
97:
94:
91:
88:
85:
84:
83:
72:
69:
68:
67:
64:
63:
62:
59:
57:
53:
50:
47:
41:
36:
31:
19:
1185:
1156:
1129:
1121:
986:
892:Macro-Somali
874:Lowland East
753:
685:
670:
663:
617:
585:
578:
559:
549:
542:
537:
517:
510:
490:
483:
463:
456:
439:
432:
399:
383:
347:
322:
298:
283:
242:
216:
192:Yaaku–Dullay
174:
167:
158:lake Turkana
155:
125:
121:
119:
81:Subdivisions
70:
61:Afro-Asiatic
45:distribution
208:/p,f,w,ɬ,x/
608:References
596:3871188905
569:3110870606
474:081221207X
403:(extinct)
387:(extinct)
43:Geographic
1188:indicate
1096:Saho–Afar
982:Daasanach
947:Maay Maay
106:Glottolog
95:West Rift
89:(extinct)
1203:Category
935:Rendille
883:Omo–Tana
854:Kambaata
804:Gollango
768:Xamtanga
152:Urheimat
142:Ethiopia
130:Tanzania
112:sout3054
66:Cushitic
49:Tanzania
1186:Italics
1158:Kwʼadza
1142:Burunge
1061:Dirasha
1049:Konsoid
1008:Oromoid
988:El Molo
969:Western
915:Girirra
905:Dabarre
849:Hadiyya
807:Gorrose
801:Gergere
791:Gawwada
659:93–104.
401:Kw'adza
349:Burunge
245:
176:Hetzron
1168:Others
1147:Gorowa
1137:Alagwa
1091:Dahalo
1079:Others
977:Arbore
952:Somali
920:Jiiddu
864:Sidama
859:Libido
816:Tsamai
795:Dihina
786:Dobase
778:Dullay
749:Qimant
637:&
593:
566:
525:
498:
471:
324:Alagwa
285:Gorowa
241:
232:Degere
223:Dahalo
212:clicks
190:, and
188:Somali
1152:Iraqw
1131:Aasáx
1122:South
1066:Konso
1056:Bussa
1040:Waata
1030:Oromo
994:Yaaku
959:Tunni
910:Garre
900:Baiso
844:Gedeo
839:Burji
834:Alaba
810:Harso
761:Qwara
755:Kayla
744:Bilen
739:Awngi
448:Notes
385:Aasáx
300:Iraqw
228:Waata
204:/tɬʼ/
200:/tsʼ/
184:Oromo
138:Iraqw
1175:Beja
1106:Saho
1101:Afar
1086:Boon
1025:Orma
930:Boni
798:Gaba
731:Agaw
591:ISBN
564:ISBN
523:ISBN
496:ISBN
469:ISBN
243:Rift
230:and
221:and
219:Ma'a
202:and
126:Rift
120:The
38:Rift
124:or
1205::
186:,
715:e
708:t
701:v
673:.
599:.
572:.
531:.
504:.
477:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.