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freely regulate their relationship with one another. From the French perspective, the foreseeable coexistence of the northern state, the southern federal state and
Austria would not have disturbed the European balance. The Southern Confederation was only mentioned in the Peace of Prague of August 23 and not yet in the Nikolsburg Preliminary Peace of July 26, 1866, despite the otherwise identical statements.
17:
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such a construction. Hohenlohe, in turn, rejected
Bavaria's accession to the North German Confederation in parliament on October 8, 1867, as well as a final southern German federal state or a "constitutional alliance of the southern German states under the leadership of Austria". Rather, the southern German states should individually “establish closer contact” with northern Germany.
112:, vehemently rejected the attempt at unification under Prussian leadership. However, the “Third Germany” did not manage to run an independent line between Austria and Prussia in the following twenty years. Bavaria saw itself in a leadership role that was not recognized by the other medium-sized and small states.
140:
Although
Prussia wanted German unification, it did not dare to openly violate the Peace of Prague. Baden, Württemberg and Hesse-Darmstadt preferred to communicate directly with Prussia and not become dependent on Bavaria. On November 23, 1867, Hohenlohe proposed a confederation of states, the United
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In a ministerial declaration of May 6, 1867, Bavaria and Württemberg advocated that the southern German states should be associated with the North German
Confederation through a confederation of states. This confederation of states was intended as a copy of the German Confederation. Prussia rejected
132:
In the largest of the four states, Bavaria, Prime
Minister Hohenlohe was in favor of joining Prussia, while the king was against it. Baden also sought to join the new (North German) Confederation. However, the Peace of Prague prohibited Prussia from incorporating southern German states into its new
123:
On July 14, 1866, Prussia and France agreed that
Prussia could establish a federal state in the north. The southern German states should be allowed to unite to form a southern alliance that should be internationally independent. The northern state and the southern federal government were allowed to
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On the occasion of the peace treaty with
Prussia in 1866, the southern German states had already signed (initially) secret military alliances with Prussia, as the dissolution of the German Confederation meant that there was no longer any military guarantee and they would therefore have been left
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tried. In the 1860s, they sought to annex West German territories, for example on the occasion of a secret treaty with
Austria in June 1866. If Bismarck founded the upcoming federal state only with the northern German states, this reassured not only Austria but also France.
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as a new German federal state. The North German
Confederation and Prussia individually concluded defense treaties with the southern states, the protection and defence alliances . In 1870/1871, after France's defeat in the
217:
Springer, Berlin 2008, S. 489/490, sieht dieses
Beitrittsverbot allerdings nicht: Die süddeutschen Staaten konnten durch eine österreichisch-preußische Absprache (den Prager Frieden) in dieser Frage nicht gebunden
56:
spoke of this possibility (literally: “meet into an association”). However, due to disagreement among themselves, the southern German states concerned did not make use of this.
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South German States, including a draft constitution. On Prussia's advice, Baden treated the Bavarian proposals with delay, thereby bringing them to a standstill in 1868.
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alliance. The situation of Hesse-Darmstadt was special, as only one of its three provinces (Upper Hesse) became a member of the North German Confederation.
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As early as 1850, France was also against Prussia expanding its power south of the Main River. Instead, the French Emperor
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defenseless against an attack by France. They also partially standardized their military constitutions among themselves.
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72:, the North German Confederation absorbed the southern states and transformed itself into the
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Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte seit 1789. Band III: Bismarck und das Reich.
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Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte seit 1789. Band III: Bismarck und das Reich.
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Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte seit 1789. Band III: Bismarck und das Reich
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Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte seit 1789. Band III: Bismarck und das Reich
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Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte seit 1789. Band III: Bismarck und das Reich
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Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte. Vom Alten Reich bis Weimar (1495–1934).
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Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte. Vom Alten Reich bis Weimar (1495–1934)
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Germany between the War of 1866 and the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71
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could only unite the north of Germany. The large kingdoms of
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W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1963, S. 681; Michael Kotulla:
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would form a confederation of states. Article 4 of the
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after 1866 as a result of its defeat on the side of
32:, was the idea that the southern German states of
257:. W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1963, S. 597/598.
244:. W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1963, S. 684/685.
231:. W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1963, S. 682/683.
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184:W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1963, S. 570.
88:in 1849/1850 it already looked like the
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200:. Springer, Berlin 2008, S. 489.
104:, which finally had to join the
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128:Location in Southern Germany
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106:North German Confederation
65:North German Confederation
26:South German Confederation
273:Proposed political unions
283:19th century in Germany
24:From 1866 to 1869, the
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253:Ernst Rudolf Huber:
240:Ernst Rudolf Huber:
227:Ernst Rudolf Huber:
209:Ernst Rudolf Huber:
84:At the time of the
70:Franco-Prussian War
54:Austro-Prussian War
278:Proposed countries
178:Ernst Rudolf Huber
90:Kingdom of Prussia
61:Kingdom of Prussia
59:In the north, the
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160:November Treaties
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98:Württemberg
63:formed the
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267:Categories
166:References
80:Background
52:after the
149:See also
218:werden.
110:Austria
94:Bavaria
34:Bavaria
30:Südbund
102:Saxony
42:Baden
96:and
44:and
28:or
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36:,
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