901:
762:
909:
517:
749:
4164:
2197:
736:
1672:. Over the years, some the other Southern African nations have invested in economic diversification, and invested public funds into rail, road and air transportation as part of a concerted effort through SADC to boost regional trade and improve communication and transportation. The countries in this region also belong to the Southern Africa Power Pool, which facilitates the development of a competitive electricity market within the SADC region and ensures
841:
828:
4238:
635:
418:
710:
504:
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622:
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802:
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869:
674:
648:
530:
491:
378:
365:
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609:
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856:
789:
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661:
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478:
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47:
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and processed foods leading to potential increase in the co-existence of undernutrition and dietary-related chronic diseases such as obesity and hypertension. In South Africa for example, while over 50% experience hunger, 61% are overweight or morbidly obese. There is only limited data on the other
2109:
These factors vary from country to country. For example, the
Democratic Republic of the Congo has favourable climatic and physical conditions, but performs far below its capacity in food provision due to political instability and poor governance. In contrast, semi-arid countries such as Botswana and
997:
regions because of its mineral resources, including copper, diamonds, gold, zinc, chromium, platinum, manganese, iron ore, and coal. Countries in
Southern Africa are larger in geographic area, except three smaller landlocked states: Lesotho, Swaziland, and Malawi. The larger states- South Africa,
1054:
regions. Except for lower parts of Zambia and interior areas of
Namibia and Botswana, the region rarely suffers from extreme heat. In addition, the winter presents mostly as mild and dry, except in the southwest. Cool southeasterly winds and high humidity bring cool conditions in the winter. The
2172:
Some factors affecting urban food insecurity include climate change with potential impact on agricultural productivity, the expansion of supermarkets in the region, which is changing the way people obtain food in the city, rural-to-urban migration, unemployment, and poverty. The issue of food
1676:
developments through sound economic, environmental and social practices. The main objective of the power pool is to develop a world class, robust and safe interconnected electrical system across the
Southern African Region. According to a report by Southern Africa Power Pool, the three largest
1663:
and tourism dominate the economies of
Southern African countries, apart from South Africa which has mature and flourishing financial, retail, and construction sectors. Zimbabwe maintains a smaller banking and real estate sector along with what remains of its manufacturing industry, despite a
3162:
Wrotniak, B. H.; Malete, L.; Maruapula, S. D.; Jackson, J.; Shaibu, S.; Ratcliffe, S.; Stettler, N.; Compher, C. (1 April 2012). "Association between socioeconomic status indicators and obesity in adolescent students in
Botswana, an African country in rapid nutrition transition".
100:
2121:) - Food, Agriculture and Nature Resource Directorate (FARN). However, this data might not fully capture the reality of a region with large urban populations and where food insecurity goes beyond per-capita availability to issues of access and dietary adequacy.
337:
and
Zambezi Rivers: Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe, and the part of Mozambique that lies south of the Zambezi River. That definition is most often used in South Africa for natural sciences and particularly in guidebooks such as
1029:
of South Africa toward the southern coast. Mining activity exists across the eastern region. Diamond mining is found in parts of
Botswana and along the Namibian coast. Coal can also be found in central Mozambique, Zimbabwe and northeast South Africa.
137:
2110:
Namibia, produce insufficient food, but successfully achieve food security through food imports due to economic growth, political stability and good governance. The
Republic of South Africa is a major food producer and exporter in the region.
1591:
Over the 20th century, the region developed a robust manufacturing sector, focused on South Africa and
Zimbabwe, which allowed greater prosperity and investments into infrastructure, education and healthcare that elevated both nations into
2670:
Mazikana, Anthony Tapiwa (8 March 2017). "Zimbabwe is Currently Experiencing a De-Industrialization Trend. Discussing the Causes of De-Industrialization in Zimbabwe and Offering Suggestion on How the Country Can Reverse the Trend".
2101:
within the regions including political instability, poor governance, droughts, population growth, urbanisation, poverty, low economic growth, inadequate agricultural policies, trade terms and regimes, resource degradation and the
1231:
East and southern Africa are among the earliest regions where modern humans (Homo sapiens) and their predecessors are believed to have lived. In September 2019, scientists reported the computerized determination, based on 260
1313:, which are the largest stone structure in precolonial Southern Africa. This kingdom came after the collapse of the Kingdom of Mapungubwe. During the decline of the Kingdom of Zimbabwe, two powers emerged, one in the north (
1284:
in the 13th century. And at its height the capital's population was about 5000 people. There are no written records from the kingdom and what historians and archeologists know of the state is from the remains of buildings.
3101:
Mkwambisi, David D.; Fraser, Evan D. G.; Dougill, Andy J. (1 March 2011). "Urban agriculture and poverty reduction: Evaluating how food production in cities contributes to food security, employment and income in Malawi".
2124:
Urban food security has been noted as an emerging area of concern in the region, with recent data showing high levels of food insecurity amongst low-income households. In a study of eleven cities in nine countries:
2741:
2474:"Scientists Find the Skull of Humanity's Ancestor — on a Computer - By comparing fossils and CT scans, researchers say they have reconstructed the skull of the last common forebear of modern humans"
432:
excludes other countries in the region, and instead includes the Comoros, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mozambique, Réunion, the Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean (as a part of the
1729:. Even though considerable disturbance has occurred in some regions from habitat loss due to human population density or export-focused development, there remain significant numbers of various
2113:
Data on agricultural production trends and food insecurity especially in term of food availability for Southern Africa is readily available through the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (
1425:. After an initial phase from 1945 to 1958, as a consolidation of white power, decolonization succeeded in its achievement when High Commission territories and overseas departments such as
1280:. The kingdom is thought to have existed as the first class-based social system within the region. Society was mainly centered around family and farming. The kingdom would culminate to the
1588:, Southern Africa still faces some of the problems that the rest of the continent does. Despite this, diamond production has fueled the economies of Botswana and Namibia, for example.
4054:
3270:
1151:
Across most of southern Africa, apart from the Western Cape in South Africa, the major rainfall season is during the southern-hemisphere summer, from December to February. In the
1693:
of Angola with 2,442MW. Whilst moderately successful by African standards, the region largely lags behind their Asian counterparts in innovation, foreign direct investment,
1694:
2034:
2803:
1244:, representative of the earliest modern humans, and suggested that modern humans arose between 350,000 and 260,000 years ago through a merging of populations in
892:
are more commonly associated with Eastern Africa, but these three countries have occasionally been included in Southern Africa, as they are the SADC members.
1158:
There are a number of important rainfall-producing weather systems in southern Africa. These include tropical-extra-tropical cloud bands, tropical lows, and
1005:. A chain of mineral resources in Southern Africa stretches from the rich oil fields in northwest Angola, east through the central diamond-mining region in
846:
2169:, only 17% of households were categorized as 'food-secure' while more than half (57%) of all households surveyed were found to be 'severely food-insecure'.
3368:
2272:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2041:
1097:
1556:. Additionally many countries (with the exception of Mozambique and Malawi in particular) have relatively well developed infrastructure. Some of its main
1421:, the colonial powers came under international pressure to decolonize. The transfer to an African majority, however, was complicated by the settlement of
2656:
2300:
261:
running through the middle of the region, dividing it into its subtropical and temperate halves. Countries commonly included in Southern Africa include
2417:
1333:
by 1683. The economy was based on cattle herding, farming, and gold mining. The empire lasted until 1866, which came after droughts and instability.
68:
55:
1656:
stability is an important part of the region's goals, as demonstrated by the SADC, however complete regional integration remains an elusive target.
1891:
1769:
1215:
2182:
1636:
are some of the biggest factors impeding economic growth. In addition, South Africa and Zimbabwe in particular, face high emigration among their
1120:
deserts form arid lands in the centre-west, separating the highlands, woodlands, croplands, and pastures of the wetter and higher East from the
2118:
468:
200:
128:
4192:
900:
4285:
4099:
3146:
2980:
2585:
2354:
766:
2114:
1842:
2742:"Should the African lion learn from the Asian tigers? A comparison of FDI-oriented industrial policy in Ethiopia, South Korea and Taiwan"
2173:
insecurity in general and urban food insecurity in particular in the region is also characterized by an increased consumption of caloric
3608:
1494:
1422:
761:
433:
429:
343:
196:
140:
108:
1509:
in the late 20th century. The 21st century has seen attempts to create unity among nations in Southern Africa. In spite of democracy,
1369:
and covered most of present-day KwaZulu-Natal in the 19th century. Internal conflict arose in the 1820s between Shaka's half-brothers
2724:
2699:
1462:
86:
1089:. There are high temperatures and low rainfall within the Zambezi and Limpopo river valleys, probably due to the lower altitude.
881:
522:
1192:
Future climate projections suggest that much of southern Africa will get hotter and drier in response to global climate change.
3361:
3230:"Underweight, overweight and obesity among South African adolescents: results of the 2002 National Youth Risk Behaviour Survey"
3031:
Crush, J.; Hovorka, A.; Tevera, D. (21 June 2011). "Food security in Southern African cities: The place of urban agriculture".
1895:
1596:
economies and captured growing markets across Africa. However, since the 1990s these industries have struggled in the face of
1182:
908:
3934:
3628:
2287:"Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical subregions, and selected economic and other groupings"
1553:
452:
112:
2875:
Misselhorn, Alison (2005). "What drives food insecurity in southern Africa? a meta-analysis of household economy studies".
2392:
3949:
3446:
2996:
Battersby, Jane (1 June 2012). "Beyond the food desert: finding ways to speak about urban food security in South Africa".
2625:
1853:
1490:
4154:
1038:
The climate of the region is broadly divided into subtropical in the north and temperate in the south, but also includes
4210:
4074:
3531:
2811:
1178:
35:
1659:
In terms of economic strength, South Africa is the dominant economy of the region. Generally, mining, agriculture, the
1552:
The region is distinct from the rest of Africa, with a robust mining sector and comparatively developed secondary and
1226:
1167:
448:, instead. Some atlases include Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe in Central Africa instead of Southern or Eastern Africa.
1140:
in the south, the latter of which are often prone to flooding every few years. In the east, the river systems of the
1001:
These widespread mineral resources make this one of the wealthiest regions of Africa with the greatest potential for
350:. It is not used in political, economic, or human geography contexts because the definition cuts Mozambique in two.
4290:
3909:
3354:
1989:
1501:
regime. From the end of the period of colonial rule, imperial interests controlled the economies of the region and
1412:
1201:
3298:
3844:
1903:
1113:
1039:
3066:
Riley, Liam; Legwegoh, Alexander (18 June 2013). "Comparative urban food geographies in Blantyre and Gaborone".
2832:
de Waal, Alex; Whiteside, Alan (1 October 2003). "New variant famine: AIDS and food crisis in southern Africa".
2473:
4280:
1827:
1698:
1514:
1398:
456:
246:. Victoria Falls is one of the largest waterfalls in the world and a major tourist attraction for the region.
4227:
4044:
2444:
1945:
1941:
1913:
1506:
1458:
1174:
1077:
region of central and northeast South Africa, the country of Zimbabwe, and parts of Zambia are known as the
2304:
1264:(c. 1075–c. 1220) was one of the earliest state in the South African region. It was located at between the
1173:
Year-to-year variability in rainfall, including drought, is associated with changes in global and regional
3561:
2022:
2014:
1965:
1961:
1887:
1861:
1801:
2903:
3986:
3944:
3939:
3854:
3717:
3536:
3456:
3451:
2506:
2001:
1382:
1261:
1043:
444:(or Central Africa), and Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha (under the name Saint Helena) in
1317:
from 1430–1760) which had improved on Zimbabwe's administrative structure; and the other in the south (
3640:
3461:
2515:
1645:
1641:
1625:
1342:
690:
Other than the UN subregion, these countries and territories are often included in Southern Africa:
4059:
4039:
3904:
3576:
3484:
3326:
2371:
2286:
1993:
1690:
1613:
1402:
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258:
1765:. It has complex Plateaus that create massive mountain structures along the South African border.
4119:
4024:
3633:
3581:
3188:
3119:
3083:
3048:
3013:
2857:
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2245:
2154:
2103:
1865:
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1241:
1207:
998:
Botswana, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Namibia, and Angola—all have extensive mineral deposits.
994:
330:
314:
211:
1321:
from 1450–1683) which was a smaller entity than the former two, the kingdom was governed by the
1013:
region of Zambia and Congo. A region of rich mineral deposits continues to the south called the
4049:
4029:
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3802:
3797:
3792:
3769:
3514:
3509:
3499:
3494:
3251:
3180:
3142:
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2720:
2695:
2676:
2672:
2650:
2581:
2541:
2350:
2344:
1482:
1474:
1314:
1170:. Winter midlatitude storms account for the June–August rainfall maximum in the western cape.
1159:
1129:
1051:
254:
2502:"Deciphering African late middle Pleistocene hominin diversity and the origin of our species"
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1542:
1318:
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1981:
1921:
1857:
1838:
1823:
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basin form natural barriers and sea lanes between Mozambique, South Africa, and Zimbabwe.
1117:
1047:
1006:
1002:
4244:
4034:
3269:
LABADARIOS, Demetre; Yul Derek DAVIDS; Zandile MCHIZA; Gina WEIR-SMITH (31 March 2009).
2519:
1345:
was an African state that emerged in the late 18th-century in the region of present-day
4124:
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3859:
3774:
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3665:
3613:
3586:
3571:
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3389:
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1984:. The process of colonization and settling resulted in a small population of European (
1637:
1605:
1406:
1386:
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who produced a disciplined and highly organised army for the first time in the region.
1310:
1298:
1277:
1121:
1109:
833:
441:
333:, the geographical delineation for the subregion is the portion of Africa south of the
235:
157:
99:
3228:
Reddy, SP; Resnicow, K; James, S; Kambaran, N; Omardien, R; MBewu, AD (12 June 2008).
2845:
2766:
1529:
471:(SADC) was established in 1980 to facilitate co-operation in the region. It includes:
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4168:
3924:
3690:
3685:
3675:
3647:
3551:
3207:
3192:
3176:
3087:
3009:
2775:
2202:
2098:
1977:
1949:
1933:
1758:
1726:
1660:
1597:
1346:
1322:
1269:
1137:
1026:
1022:
913:
3123:
3052:
3017:
2888:
358:
In the United Nations geoscheme for Africa, five states constitute Southern Africa:
4084:
3899:
3737:
3657:
3591:
3566:
3504:
2954:
2230:
2142:
1973:
1969:
1953:
1937:
1925:
1812:
1682:
1669:
1593:
1546:
1538:
1502:
1418:
1378:
1362:
1330:
1265:
1249:
1152:
1105:
1093:
917:
640:
423:
334:
302:
227:
166:
31:
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in the 1830s, which led to conflicts between the two peoples and resulted in the
4069:
4014:
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3971:
3964:
3919:
3914:
3891:
3762:
3732:
3727:
3476:
3436:
3431:
2469:
2250:
2215:
1997:
1957:
1929:
1790:
1734:
1617:
1245:
1237:
1163:
1125:
1010:
445:
437:
181:
148:
17:
3044:
2632:
2527:
938:
In terms of natural resources, the region has the world's largest resources of
4019:
3993:
3829:
3819:
3809:
3757:
3742:
3707:
3623:
3441:
3409:
3246:
3229:
2192:
1470:
1450:
1350:
1133:
1014:
885:
820:
781:
754:
627:
601:
562:
318:
294:
282:
250:
231:
1668:. Most global banks have their regional offices for Southern Africa based in
4089:
4009:
3879:
3556:
3541:
3519:
3377:
2174:
2130:
1985:
1710:
1649:
1498:
1446:
1442:
1329:. Both states would eventually be absorbed by the powerful Shona state, the
983:
975:
928:
807:
588:
290:
136:
3255:
3184:
2853:
2545:
2577:
1065:
plays an outsize role in moderating the temperatures of the South African
321:
is often not included due to its distinct language and cultural heritage.
3834:
3824:
3695:
3419:
2166:
2134:
2126:
1762:
1730:
1722:
1714:
1653:
1633:
1581:
1565:
1561:
1510:
1478:
1434:
1306:
1302:
1086:
1082:
1066:
1062:
1018:
987:
967:
947:
943:
939:
889:
874:
679:
653:
535:
496:
383:
370:
310:
274:
266:
243:
3712:
3670:
3601:
3414:
2765:
Bauer, H.; Packer, C.; Funston, P.F.; Henschel, P.; Nowell, K. (2016).
2225:
1917:
1909:
1621:
1620:
has left its mark on the development over the course of history, today
1609:
1585:
1534:
1518:
1486:
1454:
1438:
1370:
1233:
1145:
1141:
1074:
1070:
955:
741:
715:
614:
549:
509:
410:
397:
298:
278:
270:
215:
1924:, the majority of African ethnic groups in this region, including the
1908:
Southern Africa is home to many people. It was initially populated by
218:
is the most prominent. The Zambezi flows from the northwest corner of
4104:
4064:
3839:
3722:
3424:
3381:
3115:
2162:
2158:
2150:
2146:
2138:
1746:
1577:
1573:
1557:
1466:
1430:
1426:
1101:
979:
963:
951:
932:
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861:
794:
728:
702:
666:
575:
483:
306:
286:
262:
239:
223:
219:
192:
4261:
3346:
1457:
became independent states from British and French rule. The brutal
4109:
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3139:
Rapid urbanization and the nutrition transition in southern Africa
2439:
2437:
1718:
1686:
1678:
1601:
1528:
1374:
1366:
1326:
1078:
1056:
907:
899:
135:
98:
3702:
3524:
1839:
Music of Africa § West, Central, Southeast and South Africa
1750:
1738:
1677:
producers of electricity in Southern Africa as at 2017, include
1569:
971:
959:
3350:
2343:
Cowling, R. M.; Richardson, D. M.; Pierce, S. M., eds. (2004).
935:. The region has both low-lying coastal areas, and mountains.
195:. No definition is agreed upon, but some groupings include the
1629:
1216:
List of kingdoms in pre-colonial Africa § Southern Africa
121: Geographical Southern Africa, including the UN subregion
40:
4186:
1709:
Southern Africa has a wide diversity of ecoregions including
2904:"Toward a Typology of Food Security in Developing Countries"
2717:
Politics in Southern Africa: state and society in transition
2600:
Longman History of Southern Africa, Longman Publishing, 1978
1349:. The state was consolidated and extended under the rule of
1021:
basin into South Africa. This extends southwest through the
214:, Southern Africa is home to a number of river systems; the
1843:
Sub-Saharan African music traditions § Southern Africa
1132:
separate the highland areas and coastal plains centred on
3137:
Crush, Jonathan; Frayne, Bruce; McLachlan, Milla (2011).
2692:
Deep Histories: gender and colonialism in Southern Africa
455:, created in 1969, also comprises the five states in the
3299:"Hunger in Africa continues to rise, says New UN report"
2902:
Yu, Bingxin; Liangzhi You; Shenggen Fan (January 2010).
2325:
2301:"Southern African Customs Union (SACU) official website"
1828:
List of African cuisines § Southern African cuisine
1616:
as a result of factors both domestic and foreign. While
1155:, the rainfall maximum occurs from June through August.
2181:
From 2018 to 2021, parts of the region suffered from a
923:
The terrain of Southern Africa is varied, ranging from
64:
4055:
List of countries where Arabic is an official language
2418:"Southern African Landscapes and Environmental Change"
1896:
List of ethnic groups of Africa § Southern Africa
4152:
2326:"Southern African Development Community :: Home"
1104:, grading eastward into an oceanic climate along the
1854:
Traditional African religions § Southern Africa
4002:
3890:
3783:
3656:
3475:
3388:
3271:"THE ASSESSMENT OF FOOD INSECURITY IN SOUTH AFRICA"
2004:, etc.) people in many southern African countries.
207:based on the physical characteristics of the land.
904:A November 2002 satellite image of Southern Africa
3141:. : African Food Security Urban Network (AFSUN).
2267:
2265:
2035:List of South African inventions and discoveries
1904:Writing systems of Africa § Southern Africa
1920:in widely dispersed concentrations. Due to the
884:is generally included in Central Africa, while
2998:Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography
2117:) and Southern African Development Community (
1612:. Zimbabwe in particular has seen significant
3362:
1802:Architecture of Africa § Southern Africa
8:
2911:International Food Policy Research Institute
2570:Encyclopedia of African History 3-Volume Set
2393:"A visual journey across African landscapes"
847:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
354:UN scheme of geographic regions and the SACU
36:Regions of the African Union § Southern
27:Southernmost region of the African continent
2349:. Cambridge University Press. p. 278.
2042:History of science and technology in Africa
1373:and Mhlangana due to a succession dispute.
1305:. The capital, which sits near present-day
34:. For the region of the African Union, see
3369:
3355:
3347:
1644:to western economies and billions lost in
1403:Postcolonial Africa § Southern Africa
1377:settlers began arriving northwards of the
204:
3245:
2535:
1465:led to the independence of new states of
1208:Sub-Saharan Africa § Southern Africa
348:Mammals of the Southern African Subregion
87:Learn how and when to remove this message
2804:"Bridging a hundred year-old separation"
1604:, leading to job losses particularly in
1289:Kingdom of Zimbabwe and successor states
1272:Rivers. The name is derived from either
993:Southern Africa is set apart from other
4199:
4159:
2500:Mounier, Aurélien; Lahr, Marta (2019).
2261:
2040:Further information in the sections of
2013:Further information in the sections of
1892:List of African countries by population
1877:Cinema of Africa § Southern Africa
1770:environmental issues in Southern Africa
1073:, and much of Zambia and Zimbabwe. The
2655:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2648:
2614:. New York: Public Affairs. p. 5.
2568:Shillington, Kevin, ed. (2013-07-04).
2023:Medieval Southern African Architecture
1824:African cuisine § Southern Africa
1212:African empires § Southern Africa
469:Southern African Development Community
201:Southern African Development Community
129:Southern African Development Community
4100:Portuguese-speaking African countries
1521:still persist throughout the region.
1385:in 1838. The kingdom fell during the
1240:of the last common human ancestor to
767:Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean
7:
3104:Journal of International Development
2802:Goeieman, Fred (November 30, 2011).
2776:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1813:Folk costume § Southern Africa
344:Southern African Bird Atlas Project
141:United Nations geoscheme for Africa
1791:African art § Southern Africa
1189:region in the southeast Atlantic.
1100:and climate, including the unique
1059:is the driest area in the region.
25:
2933:"Southern Africa Country Centers"
1477:, which declared independence as
1017:in central Zimbabwe, through the
942:and the platinum group elements,
340:Roberts' Birds of Southern Africa
4253:
4236:
4219:
4202:
4174:
4162:
3177:10.1111/j.2047-6310.2011.00023.x
3010:10.1111/j.1468-0467.2012.00401.x
2195:
1325:and its capital was situated at
882:Democratic Republic of the Congo
867:
854:
839:
826:
813:
800:
787:
774:
760:
747:
734:
721:
708:
695:
672:
659:
646:
633:
620:
607:
594:
581:
568:
555:
542:
528:
523:Democratic Republic of the Congo
515:
502:
489:
476:
416:
403:
390:
376:
363:
45:
3278:Human Sciences Research Council
3033:Progress in Development Studies
2975:al.], Bruce Frayne .. : AFSUN.
2889:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2004.11.003
2097:Some key factors affecting the
1183:Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole
234:. Along the way, it flows over
3935:Guinean Forests of West Africa
1772:, including air pollution and
1491:black majority in South Africa
453:Southern African Customs Union
249:Southern Africa includes both
191:is the southernmost region of
1:
3950:Guinean forest-savanna mosaic
3447:Cameroonian Highlands forests
2846:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14548-5
2740:Hauge, Jostein (2019-08-20).
2346:Vegetation of Southern Africa
2093:Agriculture and food security
1365:rose under the leadership of
205:physical geography definition
4286:Geography of Southern Africa
4075:Middle East and North Africa
3532:East African montane forests
3080:10.1080/19376812.2013.805148
2445:"Africa: Physical Geography"
2178:Southern African countries.
1685:with an estimated 46,963MW,
1495:democratic elections in 1994
1297:(c. 1220–1450) was a Shona (
1179:El Nino Southern Oscillation
1168:mesoscale convective systems
3068:African Geographical Review
2877:Global Environmental Change
2715:Bauer & Taylor (2005).
2449:National Geographic Society
2104:recent increase in HIV/AIDS
1996:, etc.) and Asian descent (
1689:in Zambia with 2,877MW and
1481:in 1980. The denouement of
1301:) kingdom in what is today
1227:Prehistoric Southern Africa
436:), Zambia, and Zimbabwe in
434:French Southern Territories
4307:
3303:East African Business Week
3045:10.1177/146499341001100402
2528:10.1038/s41467-019-11213-w
2032:
1885:
1882:Demographics and languages
1874:
1851:
1836:
1821:
1810:
1799:
1788:
1413:Status of forces agreement
1410:
1396:
1389:of the late 19th-century.
1224:
1205:
1202:History of Southern Africa
1199:
29:
3845:Indian Ocean coastal belt
3247:10.1017/S1368980008002656
2610:Meredith, Martin (2007).
2422:Routledge & CRC Press
1640:leading to a significant
1600:and cheaper imports from
1485:achieved independence as
1459:struggle for independence
1699:research and development
1399:Decolonisation of Africa
1175:sea surface temperatures
1098:Mediterranean vegetation
317:, the island country of
199:, the intergovernmental
197:United Nations geoscheme
59:may need to be rewritten
4045:Guineo-Congolian region
3342:(subscription required)
3331:Encyclopædia Britannica
3234:Public Health Nutrition
1497:, therefore ending the
1050:, oceanic, desert, and
107: Southern Africa (
2694:. Amsterdam : Rodopi.
2029:Science and technology
2015:Architecture of Africa
1888:Demographics of Africa
1862:Christianity in Africa
1549:
1185:, and changes in the
920:
905:
238:on the border between
185:
133:
4191:at Knowledge (XXG)'s
3987:West Sudanian savanna
3945:Lower Guinean forests
3940:Upper Guinean forests
3855:Cape Floristic Region
3718:Cataracts of the Nile
3537:Eastern Arc Mountains
3457:Congolian rainforests
3452:East Sudanian savanna
2719:. Boulder : Rienner.
2612:Diamonds Gold and War
2578:10.4324/9780203483862
2507:Nature Communications
2472:(10 September 2019).
2033:Further information:
2002:Indian South Africans
1886:Further information:
1875:Further information:
1852:Further information:
1837:Further information:
1822:Further information:
1811:Further information:
1800:Further information:
1789:Further information:
1532:
1505:became the dominant
1493:took power after the
1397:Further information:
1383:Battle of Blood River
1262:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
1256:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
1206:Further information:
1044:Mediterranean-climate
911:
903:
325:Definitions and usage
174: Southern Africa
139:
102:
30:For the country, see
3641:Zanzibar Archipelago
3609:Indian Ocean islands
2783:: e.T15951A107265605
2746:Developing Economics
1646:human capital flight
1463:colonial territories
1417:In the aftermath of
1343:Mthethwa Paramountcy
1337:Mthethwa Paramountcy
1177:. These include the
1048:highland-subtropical
459:of Southern Africa.
4060:Mediterranean Basin
4040:Greater Middle East
3577:Ethiopian Highlands
3485:African Great Lakes
2840:(9391): 1234–1237.
2814:on October 29, 2013
2520:2019NatCo..10.3406M
1994:Portuguese Africans
1768:There are numerous
1733:species, including
1614:deindustrialization
1295:Kingdom of Zimbabwe
1282:Kingdom of Zimbabwe
1124:. In addition, the
1081:, divided into the
995:Sub-Saharan African
912:A waterfall in the
259:Tropic of Capricorn
257:climates, with the
4120:Sub-Saharan Africa
4025:Commonwealth realm
3634:Northern Highlands
3582:Dahlak Archipelago
2479:The New York Times
2246:Sub-Saharan Africa
1866:Religion in Africa
1674:sustainable energy
1608:, gold mining and
1550:
1393:Post-colonial eras
921:
906:
331:physical geography
315:cultural geography
212:physical geography
186:
134:
4291:Regions of Africa
4150:
4149:
4050:Islands of Africa
4030:Equatorial Africa
3982:Inner Niger Delta
3770:Tibesti Mountains
3629:Central Highlands
3515:Virunga Mountains
3510:Rift Valley lakes
3500:Great Rift Valley
3495:East African Rift
3462:Ouaddaï highlands
3327:"Southern Africa"
3165:Pediatric Obesity
3148:978-1-920409-69-2
2982:978-0-9869820-1-9
2587:978-0-203-48386-2
2558:Huffman, page 376
2356:978-0-521-54801-4
2273:"Southern Africa"
2183:period of drought
1648:. The pursuit of
1483:South West Africa
1475:Southern Rhodesia
1315:Kingdom of Mutapa
1160:tropical cyclones
1136:in the north and
1130:Eastern Highlands
1040:humid-subtropical
97:
96:
89:
69:lead layout guide
16:(Redirected from
4298:
4266:
4258:
4257:
4256:
4249:
4241:
4240:
4239:
4232:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4215:
4207:
4206:
4205:
4195:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4167:
4166:
4165:
4158:
4142:Zambezian region
4130:Sudanian savanna
4115:Southeast Africa
4095:Northeast Africa
4080:Miombo woodlands
3955:Guinea Highlands
3619:Lamu Archipelago
3597:Gulf of Tadjoura
3371:
3364:
3357:
3348:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3275:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3249:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3134:
3128:
3127:
3116:10.1002/jid.1657
3098:
3092:
3091:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3028:
3022:
3021:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2908:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2810:. Archived from
2799:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2654:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2637:
2631:. Archived from
2630:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2565:
2559:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2539:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2441:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2303:. Archived from
2297:
2291:
2290:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2269:
2241:Southeast Africa
2236:Northeast Africa
2205:
2200:
2199:
2198:
1946:Southern Ndebele
1942:Northern Ndebele
1900:African diaspora
1554:tertiary sectors
1543:financial centre
1489:in 1990 and the
1319:Kingdom of Butua
1309:, is located at
1187:Benguela Current
1116:. The Namib and
873:
871:
870:
860:
858:
857:
845:
843:
842:
832:
830:
829:
819:
817:
816:
806:
804:
803:
793:
791:
790:
780:
778:
777:
765:
764:
753:
751:
750:
740:
738:
737:
727:
725:
724:
714:
712:
711:
701:
699:
698:
678:
676:
675:
665:
663:
662:
652:
650:
649:
639:
637:
636:
626:
624:
623:
613:
611:
610:
600:
598:
597:
587:
585:
584:
574:
572:
571:
561:
559:
558:
548:
546:
545:
534:
532:
531:
521:
519:
518:
508:
506:
505:
495:
493:
492:
482:
480:
479:
422:
420:
419:
409:
407:
406:
396:
394:
393:
382:
380:
379:
369:
367:
366:
230:on the coast of
179:
173:
164:
155:
146:
126:
120:
106:
92:
85:
81:
78:
72:
65:improve the lead
49:
48:
41:
21:
18:Southern African
4306:
4305:
4301:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4281:Southern Africa
4271:
4270:
4269:
4259:
4254:
4252:
4248:from Wikivoyage
4242:
4237:
4235:
4225:
4220:
4218:
4214:from Wiktionary
4208:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4194:sister projects
4193:
4189:Southern Africa
4185:
4175:
4173:
4163:
4161:
4153:
4151:
4146:
4137:Tropical Africa
3998:
3886:
3865:Kalahari Desert
3850:Albany thickets
3815:Succulent Karoo
3779:
3681:Atlas Mountains
3652:
3471:
3384:
3375:
3341:
3335:
3333:
3325:
3322:
3320:Further reading
3317:
3308:
3306:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3282:
3280:
3273:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3212:
3210:
3208:"Obesity in SA"
3206:Fat in Motion.
3205:
3204:
3200:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3149:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3030:
3029:
3025:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2983:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2959:
2957:
2955:"Food Security"
2952:
2951:
2947:
2937:
2935:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2915:
2913:
2906:
2901:
2900:
2896:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2817:
2815:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2786:
2784:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2750:
2748:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2727:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2702:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2647:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2628:
2626:"Archived copy"
2624:
2623:
2619:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2599:
2595:
2588:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2553:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2484:
2482:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2454:
2452:
2443:
2442:
2435:
2426:
2424:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2402:
2400:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2376:
2374:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2357:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2310:
2308:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2271:
2270:
2263:
2259:
2221:Kalahari Desert
2201:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2095:
2090:
2037:
2031:
2010:
1982:Bantu languages
1922:Bantu expansion
1906:
1884:
1879:
1873:
1868:
1858:Islam in Africa
1850:
1845:
1835:
1830:
1820:
1815:
1809:
1804:
1798:
1793:
1787:
1782:
1774:desertification
1755:blue wildebeest
1743:African leopard
1707:
1666:economic crisis
1638:skilled workers
1527:
1415:
1409:
1395:
1359:
1339:
1291:
1258:
1236:, of a virtual
1229:
1223:
1218:
1204:
1198:
1036:
1009:, and into the
1007:Huambo Province
1003:economic growth
898:
868:
866:
855:
853:
840:
838:
827:
825:
814:
812:
801:
799:
788:
786:
775:
773:
759:
748:
746:
735:
733:
722:
720:
709:
707:
696:
694:
688:
673:
671:
660:
658:
647:
645:
634:
632:
621:
619:
608:
606:
595:
593:
582:
580:
569:
567:
556:
554:
543:
541:
529:
527:
516:
514:
503:
501:
490:
488:
477:
475:
465:
463:SADC membership
430:This definition
417:
415:
404:
402:
391:
389:
377:
375:
364:
362:
356:
327:
189:Southern Africa
184:
177:
175:
171:
169:
167:Northern Africa
162:
160:
153:
151:
144:
132:
124:
122:
118:
116:
104:
93:
82:
76:
73:
62:
50:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4304:
4302:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4273:
4272:
4268:
4267:
4250:
4233:
4216:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4171:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4133:
4132:
4125:Sudan (region)
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3960:Gulf of Guinea
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3896:
3894:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3875:Cape Peninsula
3872:
3870:Okavango Delta
3867:
3862:
3860:Skeleton Coast
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3800:
3789:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3775:Western Sahara
3772:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3748:Nuba Mountains
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3700:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3668:
3666:Eastern Desert
3662:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3631:
3621:
3616:
3614:Comoro Islands
3606:
3605:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3587:Hanish Islands
3584:
3579:
3574:
3572:Danakil Desert
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3547:Horn of Africa
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3490:Albertine Rift
3481:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3467:Ennedi Plateau
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3403:Gulf of Guinea
3394:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3366:
3359:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3290:
3261:
3220:
3198:
3154:
3147:
3129:
3110:(2): 181–203.
3093:
3058:
3039:(4): 285–305.
3023:
3004:(2): 141–159.
2988:
2981:
2967:
2945:
2923:
2894:
2867:
2824:
2794:
2757:
2732:
2725:
2707:
2700:
2690:Wkley (2002).
2682:
2662:
2617:
2602:
2593:
2586:
2560:
2551:
2492:
2461:
2433:
2409:
2397:Landscape News
2384:
2362:
2355:
2335:
2317:
2292:
2278:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2211:Central Africa
2207:
2206:
2190:
2187:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2009:
2006:
1883:
1880:
1872:
1869:
1849:
1846:
1834:
1831:
1819:
1816:
1808:
1805:
1797:
1794:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1727:riparian zones
1706:
1703:
1606:heavy industry
1526:
1523:
1507:economic power
1407:Neocolonialism
1394:
1391:
1387:Anglo-Zulu War
1358:
1355:
1338:
1335:
1311:Great Zimbabwe
1290:
1287:
1257:
1254:
1225:Main article:
1222:
1219:
1200:Main article:
1197:
1194:
1122:Atlantic Ocean
1035:
1032:
897:
894:
878:
877:
864:
851:
850:
849:
834:United Kingdom
823:
810:
797:
784:
771:
770:
769:
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2638:on 2021-05-12
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67:and read the
66:
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52:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
4260:
4243:
4231:from Commons
4226:
4209:
4188:
4085:Mittelafrika
4035:Françafrique
3900:Pepper Coast
3784:
3738:Middle Egypt
3592:Gulf of Aden
3567:Danakil Alps
3505:Gregory Rift
3334:. Retrieved
3330:
3307:. Retrieved
3305:. 2019-02-14
3302:
3293:
3281:. Retrieved
3277:
3264:
3240:(2): 203–7.
3237:
3233:
3223:
3211:. Retrieved
3201:
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3096:
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3001:
2997:
2991:
2970:
2958:. Retrieved
2953:SADC, FANR.
2948:
2936:. Retrieved
2926:
2914:. Retrieved
2910:
2897:
2880:
2876:
2870:
2837:
2833:
2827:
2816:. Retrieved
2812:the original
2808:Namibian Sun
2807:
2797:
2785:. Retrieved
2780:
2774:
2769:Panthera leo
2768:
2760:
2749:. Retrieved
2745:
2735:
2716:
2710:
2691:
2685:
2665:
2640:. Retrieved
2633:the original
2620:
2611:
2605:
2596:
2569:
2563:
2554:
2511:
2505:
2495:
2485:10 September
2483:. Retrieved
2477:
2470:Zimmer, Carl
2464:
2453:. Retrieved
2451:. 2012-01-04
2448:
2425:. Retrieved
2421:
2412:
2401:. Retrieved
2399:. 2019-10-22
2396:
2387:
2375:. Retrieved
2365:
2345:
2338:
2330:www.sadc.int
2329:
2320:
2309:. Retrieved
2305:the original
2295:
2281:
2231:North Africa
2180:
2171:
2143:Johannesburg
2123:
2112:
2108:
2096:
2076:Architecture
2039:
2038:
2012:
2011:
2008:Architecture
1907:
1796:Architecture
1767:
1708:
1683:South Africa
1670:Johannesburg
1658:
1590:
1551:
1547:South Africa
1539:Johannesburg
1503:South Africa
1419:World War II
1416:
1379:Orange River
1363:Zulu Kingdom
1360:
1357:Zulu Kingdom
1340:
1331:Rozwi Empire
1292:
1259:
1250:South Africa
1230:
1191:
1172:
1164:cut-off lows
1157:
1153:Western Cape
1150:
1106:Garden Route
1094:Western Cape
1091:
1061:
1057:Namib Desert
1037:
1000:
992:
937:
922:
918:Johannesburg
916:region near
879:
689:
641:South Africa
466:
457:UN subregion
450:
440:, Angola in
428:
424:South Africa
357:
347:
339:
328:
303:South Africa
248:
228:Indian Ocean
222:and western
209:
188:
187:
109:UN subregion
83:
74:
63:Please help
58:
56:lead section
32:South Africa
4211:Definitions
4070:Middle East
4015:Afromontane
3977:Niger Delta
3972:Niger Basin
3965:Dahomey Gap
3920:Cape Palmas
3915:Ivory Coast
3910:Slave Coast
3763:Upper Egypt
3733:Lower Nubia
3728:Lower Egypt
3703:Nile Valley
3437:Congo Basin
3432:Pool Malebo
2931:FEWS, NET.
2514:(1): 3406.
2251:West Africa
2216:East Africa
2066:Agriculture
2056:Mathematics
1998:Cape Malays
1735:white rhino
1705:Environment
1664:protracted
1642:brain drain
1618:colonialism
1537:section of
1473:as well as
1238:skull shape
1126:Drakensberg
1114:East London
1011:Copper Belt
538:(Swaziland)
386:(Swaziland)
251:subtropical
210:Defined by
4275:Categories
4020:Arab world
3994:Yorubaland
3905:Gold Coast
3830:Maputaland
3820:Nama Karoo
3810:Thembuland
3758:The Sudans
3743:Nile Delta
3708:Nile Delta
3624:Madagascar
3442:Chad Basin
3410:Cape Lopez
3336:2013-05-20
3309:2019-02-15
2834:The Lancet
2818:2013-05-23
2751:2021-05-30
2642:2021-03-19
2455:2021-05-30
2427:2021-05-30
2403:2021-05-30
2311:2022-03-03
2257:References
2086:By country
1914:Hottentots
1626:corruption
1560:including
1515:inequality
1471:Mozambique
1451:Madagascar
1411:See also:
1351:Dingiswayo
1274:TjiKalanga
1221:Prehistory
1134:Mozambique
1015:Great Dyke
929:grasslands
886:Seychelles
821:Mozambique
782:Madagascar
628:Seychelles
602:Mozambique
563:Madagascar
319:Madagascar
295:Mozambique
283:Madagascar
232:Mozambique
203:, and the
4181:Geography
4090:Negroland
4010:Aethiopia
3880:False Bay
3557:Al-Habash
3542:Serengeti
3520:Kavirondo
3193:206007700
3088:154319323
3074:: 52–66.
2883:: 33–43.
2175:junk food
2131:Cape Town
2051:Astronomy
1986:Afrikaner
1966:Ovimbundu
1711:grassland
1654:political
1499:Apartheid
1447:Swaziland
1443:Mauritius
1278:Tshivenda
1052:semi-arid
984:beryllium
976:manganese
896:Geography
808:Mauritius
589:Mauritius
291:Mauritius
255:temperate
3835:Highveld
3825:Bushveld
3793:Rhodesia
3696:Ifriqiya
3562:Barbaria
3420:Igboland
3256:18547451
3185:22434762
3124:13382935
3053:55778001
3018:55452849
2854:14568749
2787:8 August
2651:cite web
2546:31506422
2372:"Mining"
2189:See also
2167:Windhoek
2135:Gaborone
2127:Blantyre
2115:FEWS NET
2071:Textiles
2061:Medicine
1980:, speak
1848:Religion
1807:Clothing
1763:elephant
1731:wildlife
1723:savannah
1715:bushveld
1650:economic
1610:textiles
1582:chromium
1566:diamonds
1562:platinum
1511:violence
1479:Zimbabwe
1453:and the
1435:Botswana
1307:Masvingo
1303:Zimbabwe
1234:CT scans
1118:Kalahari
1110:Gqeberha
1087:Highveld
1083:Bushveld
1067:Highveld
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1019:Bushveld
988:diamonds
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890:Tanzania
875:Zimbabwe
680:Zimbabwe
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1918:Pygmies
1818:Cuisine
1780:Culture
1622:poverty
1586:uranium
1558:exports
1535:Sandton
1525:Economy
1519:poverty
1487:Namibia
1461:in the
1455:Comoros
1439:Lesotho
1371:Dingane
1299:Karanga
1270:Limpopo
1196:History
1146:Limpopo
1142:Zambezi
1075:prairie
1071:Lesotho
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956:uranium
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755:Réunion
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716:Comoros
615:Namibia
550:Lesotho
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1934:Tsonga
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