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image that are visually similar to a praying mantis preparing to strike its prey. However, other martial artists argue that those techniques are more similar to the actions of the Five
Ancestors style or the White Crane style than a praying mantis. Unlike the Northern Praying Mantis, which have a special hand technique that is directly attributed to a Praying Mantis strike, for example, the tángláng gōu, the Southern Praying Mantis do not have similar special hand techniques named after the mantis. The legacy of Lau Soei that is related to the praying mantis name was his famous staff form - the Tong Long Bo Sim Staff (
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combat methods with an emphasis on hands and short kicking techniques makes the
Southern Praying Mantis art somewhat akin to what many would call "street fighting." The hands are the most readily available for attack and defence of the upper body, and protect the stylist by employing ruthless techniques designed to inflict serious injury. The legs are moved quickly into range through footwork to protect and defend the body, and kicks are kept low, short and quick so as to never leave the Southern Mantis combatant off balance and vulnerable.
1306:. Lum Wing Fay was described as being small in stature, being only 5'2" and 120 lbs. In practise, he placed emphasis on softness, redirection and explosive energy and his students continue to display those traits. In 1942, Lum Sang emigrated to the United States and settled in the Chinatown of New York City. He started teaching in Chinatown's Hakka Association, the New York Hip Sing Tong at Pell Street. In the late 1950s, he taught at Free Mason [
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replied "Chu Gar". Then the reporter asked him "Who is your master?" and because at the time he was training under Lau Soei he said Lau Soei was his master, the reporter misunderstood and thought Lau Soei taught Chu Gar. This is the story told by grandmaster Ng Si Kay, Son in law of Ip Shui, who has been the records keeper of Ip Shui's School for approximately 50 Years and is the current head of the Chow Gar Mantis
Association in Hong Kong.
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1316:. Sifu Lam Sang did however return to New York City and resided at 22 Mott Street, NY Chinese Free Mason Association Headquarters. Sifu Lam Sang continued to teach select few from the Free Mason Association Athletic Club prior to his passing in 1991 and is not widely known as to the identities of his last group of disciples. His senior students such as Chin Ho Doon, Harry Sun, Wong Buk Lam, Gin Foon-Mark (
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1272:) originally trained in Chu Gar before becoming a student of Cheung Yiu Chung. He then continued his training at the Jook Lum Gee, learning a variant of Bamboo Forest Temple Praying Mantis that was somewhat different from (although related to) the art he learned under Cheung Yiu Chung. The lineage of Lee Wing Sing is continued by his family and disciples in the United Kingdom and the United States.
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Cheung eventually moved to Hong Kong. He opened a martial arts studio and became the head teacher to the Hong Kong Hakka ship and dock workers union. The classes in Hong Kong was taught by Wong Yook-Kong and this school still exists today. Wong Yook-Kong was described as a large man and in training
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Current students of Chu Gar are not related to the students of Lau Soei. Lau Soei was friends with the a member of the Chu family. Chu's son, who had learned Chu Gar all his life, was sent to Lau Soei to learn Chow Gar. At a
Demonstration a reporter asked Chu's son what style of kung fu he did and he
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The traditions of the Chow Gar and Kwong Sai Jook Lum branches each maintain that their respective founders Chow Ah-Nam and Som Dot created their styles after witnessing a praying mantis fight and defeat a bird. Such inspiration is a recurring motif in the
Chinese martial arts and can be found in the
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In the 1920s Lum Sang, one of the youngest of Cheung's students in Hong Kong, was fortunate enough to meet and study with Lee Siem See during one of Lee Siem See's trips to Hong Kong to establish a
Buddhist temple (Chuk Lam Sim Yuen). Lum studied and traveled with Lee for the next seven years. In
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Current students of Chuka are related to the students of Si Tai Gung Sammy Wong. Those students, Sigungs Tony Blum Jr, Eddie Chin and Manuel
Rodriguez continue the tradition of his school. Sigung Tony Blum Jr. took over teaching of the System in 1995 in the Chicago area as appointed by Si Tai Gung
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The traditions of the Chu family branch contend that the name "Southern
Praying Mantis" was chosen to conceal from Qing forces its political affiliations by pretending that this esoteric style of Ming loyalists was in fact a regional variant of the popular and widespread Northern Mantis style from
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Sarm Bo Gin is considered one of the most important forms of the southern mantis system. It is a hard chi gung form and is usually the first to be learned. It strengthens the body, aiding its resistance to physical blows, and also develops power. The form should be done everyday, preferably early
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The use of the term "Praying Mantis" seems appropriate when one considers the postures of well known practitioners of this style. The emphasis on the techniques of sticky hands, the use of the forearm with the elbows tucked into the chest, claw like fingers and quick explosive actions creates an
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Southern
Praying Mantis places a heavy emphasis on close-range fighting. This system is known for its short power methods, and has aspects of both internal and external techniques. In application, the emphasis is on hand and arm techniques, and a limited use of low kicks. The application of close
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where the other branches of
Southern Mantis originated and to the same Hakka communities where the art was transmitted. There are many other Southern styles such as Chuka Shaolin that uses similar technique but are not identified as being part of this group of martial arts according to their
1133:. This is the oldest branch in terms of origin and is the probable origin of the Southern Mantis style by way of age from which the other branches were derived. According to the Chu family branch, Chu was a member of the Ming Royal family who took refuge at Shaolin Monastery in
878:, "Three Steps Arrow") and common application principles. However, despite similarities, the genealogies of these branches are not complete enough to trace them to a single common ancestor. The relationship between Chow Gar and Chu Gar can both be traced directly to Lau Shui.
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Training includes a variety of solo forms, pair practise, and weapon practise. The name and type of form will vary between branches. In Circular Tong Long (a version of Chow Gar Tong Long under the direction of Henry Sue in Australia), the form structures are as follows:
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Sammy Wong. He was then turned over the legacy and heritage in the United States by Si Tai Gung Sammy Wong before his passing in 2007. Sigung Manuel Rodriguez also continues teaching in Ventura, California area. Chuka can be found in China and the United States.
1048:. He continued to teach the Southern Praying Mantis Style and many of his students eventually became teachers of this style. He was acknowledged by both the Chow Gar and the Chu Gar practitioners as the founding teacher of the system in the modern era.
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Like other Southern Chinese martial arts, Southern Praying Mantis is characterized by a strong stance, powerful waist and fast, heavy forearms and quick hand movements. The essences of the style is captured in various poetry and mnemonic aids.
979:), where Kwong Sai Jook Lum masters Wong Yook-Gong and Lum Wing-Fay originated. These masters are all members of the Hakka community and the transmission of this remained within this community until the generation of Lau Shui and Lum Wing-Fay.
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Lau Soei (1866–1942; 劉瑞; 劉水﹞) was a Hakka who established a reputation as a martial artist during the turn of the century in Southern China and later as a martial arts teacher in Hong Kong. Lau Soei was also known as the tiger of Dong Jiang
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who, in his broad-mindedness, opened the style for the non-Chinese in the year 1975. He taught at Tangra, Calcutta, from the 1950s till his death in the year 2000. The system is carried forward by the students and grand students of Hsiung.
1350:) branch was renamed so by students of Iron Ox Choi (Choi Dit-Ngau; 蔡鐵牛) in honour of their teacher. He earned the nickname for his strength and ability to withstand his opponent's strikes. He was also known to have taken part in the
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Ho Kung Wah introduced the style to the United Kingdom in the 1960s. Most practitioners of this branch of Southern Praying Mantis are found in Southern China but there are now promoters of this lineage in Europe as well.
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After Lam Sang's passing, his teaching position at the Hung Ching school in New York was occupied by a number of his successors over the years. Over the last decade, actively instructing the art there was late sifu
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This region, the original home to Southern Praying Mantis by way of being the childhood hometowns of its deemed founders, covers a wide expanse in Southern China. It begins at the very heart of Hakka territory at
1312:] Association Athletic Club, also known as Hung Ching. By 1963, his Kwong-Sai Jook Lum Gee Tong Long Pai was one of the largest kung fu schools. In 1969, Lam Sang retired from teaching and migrated to
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is an expert in Chu Gar Southern Praying Mantis, having studied the martial art for over 13 years before starting an acting career. He shows off his style, complete with a long training sequence, in the
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is said to have Southern Praying Mantis in his martial arts background. No particular branch of Southern Praying Mantis is identified in his file so theoretically any South Mantis family can claim him.
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A common antecedent can be surmised from the same traditional region of origin, the popularity amongst the Hakka community, a reference to praying mantis, similar training forms such as Sarm Bo Jin (
1215:); a name that can be translated as "Zen master Lee"). Lee Siem See would travel to Southern China and spread the art amongst the general population. In Guangdong, his student, Cheung Yiu Chung (
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on his wrist while he perform his forms. As a result, his students also emphasize those aspects in their training. The lineage of Wong Yook Kong is continued by his two sons: Wong Yiu Hung (
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he placed great emphasis on strength and physical conditioning before moving onto the more internal aspects of the style. One of his favorite training method was to practise with 30 to 60 LB
961:) County, where Kwong Sai Jook Lum master Chung Yu-Chang and Chow/Chu Gar teacher Lau Shui grew up and established their martial arts reputation. From there, the Dongjiang flows into the
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The origins of the Kwong Sai Jook Lum system is controversial with some Chu Gar proponents claiming a relationship also to Lau Shui. However, those claims have since been refuted.
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where, in addition to being treated for his stomach ailment, he was trained in the martial arts and eventually created Southern Praying Mantis. His student was Wong Fook Go (
1038:). His signature techniques include the "Zhoujia (Chow Gar)-Tanglang-Sanjian" (the three arrows of Zhoujia praying mantis, 周家螳螂三箭拳) and the staff form “Tanglang-puchangun” (
1328:) and Louie Jack Man would establish themselves as teachers after Lum Sang retired. All of these men have promoted this art in the United States and around the world.
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and later applied to the skills that are practised by oversea Hakka communities. The reason for this was the close association of this style with the Hakka community.
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K. S. Hsiung Thong Long Quet Tsot have the forms: Kiu Bo Chen or 9 Step Arrow as the First Seed Form, Pai Sith, Sine Su ,Fa-Khian and Chaap Fu as training Forms.
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Kwong Sai Jook Lum tradition mentions that the people of the Pearl River Delta once referred to the Southern Praying Mantis style as "Hakka Kuen" (
1354:(1900) fighting. The founder of this system is said to be Hung Mei (Red Eyebrow) and origins of this system is said to be from Er Mei mountain.
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The association of the term "(Praying) Mantis" with the style is also controversial. Each branch of the style offers a different explanation.
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uses a unique style of earthbending, based on the Chu Gar style Southern Praying Mantis. More usual earthbending is instead based on the
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2207:"Brief Family Tree and Lineage of Kwong Sai Bamboo(Jook Lum) Temple Praying Mantis under Wong Yuk Gong"
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in Guangdong Province. During the winter of 1929, Cheung opened his first martial arts school and a
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the 1930s, Lum returned to Hong Kong and opened a Kwong Sai Jook Lum Temple Tong Long Pai school in
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Video showing Ki Bu Jin (9-Step-Arrow) and Fa Khian from Sifu K. S. Hsiung's Thong Long Quet Tsot
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2213:. Kwong Sai Bamboo Temple Praying Mantis Kung Fu Association. Archived from
2183:. Kwong Sai Bamboo Temple Praying Mantis Kung Fu Association. Archived from
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2035:. Siberian Association of Traditional Martial Arts (SABTI). Archived from
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The most famous branch of Southern Mantis martial arts, the Chow family (
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respective schools. Those styles can be identified as being Hakka Kuen.
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1374:) is a Southern Praying Mantis style that was taught in the city of
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For the Northern Chinese self-defence technique from Shandong, see
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1924:"Hakka Praying Mantis Chugar Gao: The Real Southern Mantis Boxing"
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The continued popularity of modern Chow Gar is due to the work of
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752:. It is most closely associated with Hakka-origin styles such as
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Despite its name, the Southern Mantis style is unrelated to the
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927:, the home of Chow Gar founder Chow Ah-Nam. From Xingning, the
2376:"Iron Ox Praying Mantis International Martial Arts Federation"
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Iron-ox Praying Mantis Boxing: The Seeds, Chi and Boxing Forms
2329:
2009:. Bamboo Temple Chinese Benevolent Association. Archived from
1308:
1892:. Chow Gar Mantis Association (International). Archived from
884:
The Iron Ox system can be traced historically to the area of
2152:"Secrets of Southern Praying Mantis - Henry Poo Yee's story"
2124:
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at Tangra, Kolkata Chinatown. Chen passed the lineage on to
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399:
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2400:. Ottawa Chinese Martial Arts Association. Archived from
2328:. Louie Jack Man's School in Philadelphia. Archived from
1612:-Lion dance & instrumentation -brushwork/calligraphy
779:
There are five main branches of Southern Praying Mantis:
302:
288:
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2322:"Louie Jack Man : Jook Lum Southern Mantis Kung Fu"
1141:. He then promoted his art in the surrounding regions.
955:, the Dong Kwong forms the northern border of Huìyáng (
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According to oral traditions, the Kwong Sai Jook Lum (
2081:. Chow Gar Southern Praying Mantis Kung Fu (UK). 2007
1954:. University of Hong Kong - Chinese Martial Arts Club
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Thong Long "Praying Mantis"(Quet Tsot/ Guo Shu) " (
1062:) branch traces its art to c. 1800 to Chow Ah-Nam (
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2100:"Chow's Family Praying Mantis Kung Fu Association"
2455:K.S.Hsiung Southern Praying Mantis Kung Fu Group
2396:Ottawa Chinese Martial Arts Association (2005).
1812:from the Toy Line, Comic Books, and Cartoons of
1336:(grand-student of Lam Sang through Robert Lee).
2450:K.S.Hsiung Southern Praying Mantis Kung Fu Page
2145:
2143:
2141:
2460:/ Chuka Southern Praying Mantis Kung Fu School
1972:Leong, Cheong Cheng; Draeger, Donn F. (1998).
1292:) and other students such as Lee Kwok Leung, (
27:Chinese martial art native to the Hakka people
2705:
2485:
2266:"Chuk Lam Sim Yuen (Bamboo forest monastery)"
2079:"Abridged History of Southern Praying Mantis"
2007:"Abridged History of Southern Praying Mantis"
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2398:"Other Styles > Southern Praying Mantis"
1873:Praying mantis Kung fu: the complete system
1621:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XhyLY1-1RSQ
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2060:. Hong Kong Wushu & Art Service Centre
1086:) who was one of the teacher of Lau Soei.
721:
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2125:"Chow Gar Tong Long, Brisbane, Australia"
2058:"Hong Kong Martial Arts Masters (香港武林名師)"
1322:), Norman Chin, Chuk Chin, Henry Poo Yee(
1129:royal family (1368–1644), who were
1068:), a Hakka who as a boy left his home in
2435:Southern Mantis Martial Arts Association
1630:
2150:Henry Lee & Harry A. White (1992).
1864:
1493:butterfly knives and breakdown sparring
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1224:In 1919, Cheung returned to reside in
1072:for medical treatment at the Southern
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2350:Barrios-Muras, Eduardo (2000-07-31).
18:Southern Praying Mantis (martial art)
7:
1976:. New York: Weatherhill Publishers.
1932:. Martial Arts of China vol. 2 pp.18
991:legends of Northern Praying Mantis,
2243:. Chinese Fistology. Archived from
1410:Sifu Hsiung Khan Seong (1917-2000)
838:K. S. Hsiung Thong Long Quet Tsot (
2292:"Mark and Jook Lum Praying Mantis"
1952:"Dongjiang Chaujia Preying Mantis"
1460:Gin Foon Marks Kung Fu Association
25:
3632:Marine Corps Martial Arts Program
2378:. Dit Ngau Hakka Tong Long Pai UK
1705:literally "Bamboo Forest Temple"
1538:3 part staff vs. staff paired set
1535:108 movement breakdown paired set
1362:K. S. Hsiung Thong Long Quet Tsot
4100:
4090:
3597:Historical European martial arts
2671:
2440:Chinese Fistology, Sifu John Koo
2033:"Southern Praying Mantis System"
1209:), later known as Lee Siem See (
338:
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2520:Professional wrestling in China
1514:Lao shu - paired two person set
1481:mui far - paired two person set
303:
289:
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254:
2525:Styles of Chinese martial arts
1815:G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero
1484:um hon - paired two person set
1396:
1387:
1382:. Originating in the Moi-yan (
1371:
1197:) province. The monk Som Dot (
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350:Styles of Chinese martial arts
230:
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1:
4137:Martial arts of Hakka origins
2177:"History of Kwong Sai Bamboo"
1681:literally "Three Step Arrow"
1469:eighteen points and breakdown
1406:Pei Moi Tangra Chinese School
98:Chow Ah-Nam & Chu Fook-To
2515:List of Chinese martial arts
2425:Video showing an hakka style
2031:Fernando Blanco (c. 1990s).
2005:Roger D. Hagood (c. 1990s).
1849:Traditional Chinese medicine
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1417:Characteristics and training
1241:traditional Chinese medicine
356:List of Chinese martial arts
332:Chinese martial arts (Wushu)
127:Choi Dit-Ngau / Iron Ox Choi
125:Lee Kun Ching / Lee Siem See
2465:A documentary about the art
2235:John Kam Shing Koo (2005).
2205:Lee Kwok Leung (c. 2000s).
1829:Meridian (Chinese medicine)
1125:dynasty that overthrew the
111:Thong Long Quet Tsot style:
4153:
1793:Avatar: The Last Airbender
29:
4086:
3710:
3699:
2771:
2760:
2727:
2669:
2268:. wcities. Archived from
1585:mo ying gerk shin banging
1472:seven stars and breakdown
1466:sarm bo gin and breakdown
1346:
1324:
1318:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1268:
1259:
1253:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1183:
1169:
1159:
1113:
1095:
1082:
1064:
1058:
1040:
1034:
967:
957:
943:
933:
317:
193:
163:
101:Kwong Sai Jook Lum style:
2211:kwongsaibambootemple.org
2181:kwongsaibambootemple.org
1475:five stars and breakdown
1107:Chu Gar / Chuka / Chu Ka
789:Chu Gar (朱家; Chu family)
3829:Former official sports
3257:Northern Praying Mantis
2832:Mainland Southeast Asia
1462:excerpt of curriculum:
1454:Tong Long Bic Sarn Gung
1451:Darn Sey Moon Gang Ging
765:Northern Praying Mantis
754:Southern Dragon Kung Fu
734:Southern Praying Mantis
683:Vietnamese martial arts
673:Hong Kong action cinema
290:Naam4-paai1 tong4-long4
159:Southern Praying Mantis
38:Southern Praying Mantis
32:Northern Praying Mantis
4132:Praying Mantis (wushu)
3668:Professional wrestling
3335:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu
2636:Dao (Chinese sword)shu
2354:. Muras Publications.
1890:"History of the style"
1458:Kwong Sai Jook Lum by
856:"Mantis Martial Arts")
521:Historical individuals
276:Nàahm-paai tòhng-lòhng
3764:Demonstration sports
2651:Nanquan (martial art)
2332:on September 23, 2013
1804:Quick Kick (G.I. Joe)
1551:conditioning drills:
1541:yin yum shu breakdown
1448:Tong Long Um Ging Sou
1442:Tong Long Bow Sim Sou
1121:(1644–1912), a
748:originating with the
527:Emperor Taizu of Song
255:Nam2-pai5 tong2-long2
4127:Chinese martial arts
4024:Martial arts at the
3979:Martial arts at the
3909:Martial arts at the
3864:Martial arts at the
3844:Invitational sports
3794:Martial arts at the
3715:Martial arts at the
3637:Pencak Silat Harimau
3475:Pencak Silat Harimau
3407:Submission wrestling
3112:Luta Livre esportiva
2501:Chinese martial arts
2241:Chinesefistology.com
2217:on February 11, 2012
1523:wu dip shu breakdown
1505:trident (Tiger fork)
1286:) and Wong Yiu Hwa (
937:) flows west out of
792:Kwong Sai Jook Lum (
597:Ten Tigers of Canton
430:Historical locations
118:Famous practitioners
3705:International games
3387:Full contact karate
3377:Professional boxing
3092:Brazilian jiu-jitsu
2679:Portal:Martial arts
2508:Practical grappling
2302:on October 10, 2008
2272:on February 7, 2009
1496:staff and breakdown
1436:Sarm kung Bic Kuiel
746:Chinese martial art
326:Part of a series on
123:Lau Shui / Lau Soei
41:
3867:Pan American Games
3544:Hokutoryu Ju-Jutsu
3455:Jieitaikakutōjutsu
3392:Mixed martial arts
2534:Practical striking
1775:Invincible Shaolin
1526:sai shu paired set
1517:Chi shu breakdowns
1499:Halbard (Kwan Dao)
1478:poison snake staff
1153:Kwong Sai Jook Lum
993:Fujian White Crane
609:Modern celebrities
4114:
4113:
4082:
4081:
4078:
4077:
3695:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3658:Martial arts film
2687:
2686:
2576:Throw (grappling)
2247:on April 22, 2014
2039:on March 27, 2008
1983:978-0-8348-0127-1
1748:
1747:
1544:kum na breakdowns
1532:72 two person set
1529:36 two person set
1520:Toy shu breakdown
1445:Tong Long Won Sou
1074:Shaolin Monastery
1046:Chinese Civil War
963:Pearl River Delta
786:(周家; Chow family)
731:
730:
650:Zhang Jin (actor)
468:Legendary figures
451:Shaolin Monastery
321:
320:
313:
312:
270:Yale Romanization
204:Standard Mandarin
154:
153:
129:Hsiung Khan Seong
67:Country of origin
16:(Redirected from
4144:
4104:
4103:
4094:
3712:
3701:
2773:
2762:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2691:
2675:
2494:
2487:
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2471:
2413:
2412:
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2409:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2326:louiejackman.com
2320:Louie Jack Man.
2317:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2298:. Archived from
2296:Kung Fu Magazine
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2175:Lee Kwok Leung.
2172:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2156:Kung Fu Magazine
2147:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2102:. Archived from
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1974:Phoenix-eye fist
1969:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1929:Kung Fu Magazine
1916:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1885:
1876:
1875:mantiskungfu.com
1869:
1736:: Gongsai), not
1713:
1689:
1665:
1631:
1439:Sarm Bo Pai Tarn
1398:
1389:
1373:
1349:
1348:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1320:
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1291:
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1284:
1271:
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1256:
1255:
1234:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1195:
1186:
1185:
1177:province and on
1172:
1171:
1162:
1161:
1116:
1115:
1111:The Chu family (
1098:
1097:
1085:
1084:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1060:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1036:
1022:
970:
969:
960:
959:
946:
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936:
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913:
904:
876:
867:
854:
845:
833:
824:
808:
799:
743:
723:
716:
709:
456:Wudang Mountains
436:Kunlun Mountains
342:
323:
309:
308:
307:
292:
291:
278:
277:
257:
256:
236:
235:
234:
219:
218:
195:
185:"Southern-style
177:
176:
156:
76:
75:
48:Nan Pai Tanglang
42:
21:
4152:
4151:
4147:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4074:
4025:
4019:
3980:
3974:
3910:
3904:
3865:
3859:
3795:
3789:
3718:Summer Olympics
3716:
3706:
3687:
3641:
3573:
3511:
3425:
3416:
3367:
3358:
3316:
3312:Yoshukai Karate
3272:Shaolin kung fu
3188:
3073:
3049:Practice weapon
3025:
2968:
2858:
2851:
2777:Regional origin
2767:
2756:
2723:
2718:
2688:
2683:
2665:
2617:
2601:
2585:
2571:Shadowless kick
2529:
2503:
2498:
2430:Jook Lum Mantis
2421:
2416:
2407:
2405:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2381:
2379:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2362:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2335:
2333:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2305:
2303:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2275:
2273:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2250:
2248:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2220:
2218:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2190:
2188:
2187:on May 10, 2019
2174:
2173:
2169:
2160:
2158:
2149:
2148:
2139:
2130:
2128:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2109:
2107:
2098:
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2084:
2082:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2063:
2061:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2042:
2040:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2016:
2014:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1984:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1957:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1935:
1933:
1918:
1917:
1908:
1899:
1897:
1887:
1886:
1879:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1825:
1806:
1784:
1782:Animated series
1758:
1753:
1710:
1686:
1675:Saam1 Bou6 Jin3
1662:
1629:
1591:weapon sparring
1579:dummy man jongs
1576:stone vase work
1433:Sarm Bo Yil Sou
1419:
1364:
1352:Boxer Rebellion
1342:
1266:Lee Wing Sing (
1228:
1155:
1109:
1103:and Australia.
1054:
1029:
985:
895:
853:tángláng guóshù
814:Bamboo Forest")
777:
727:
698:
697:
668:
660:
659:
610:
602:
601:
522:
514:
513:
504:Eight Immortals
469:
461:
460:
431:
423:
422:
367:
352:
217:Nánpài tángláng
182:Literal meaning
141:Shaolin kung fu
130:
128:
126:
124:
122:
109:
104:
99:
94:
70:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4150:
4148:
4140:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4119:
4118:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4098:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4031:
4029:
4027:European Games
4021:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3986:
3984:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3916:
3914:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3871:
3869:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3842:
3841:
3840:
3835:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3801:
3799:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3773:Pistol dueling
3770:
3762:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3722:
3720:
3708:
3707:
3704:
3697:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3655:
3649:
3647:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3602:Huiyen Lallong
3599:
3594:
3589:
3583:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3559:Shorinji Kempo
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3529:American Kenpo
3525:
3523:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3467:
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3457:
3452:
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3442:
3437:
3431:
3429:
3418:
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3415:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3373:
3371:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3349:
3344:
3337:
3332:
3326:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3262:Russian boxing
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3198:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3094:
3089:
3083:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3035:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3009:Ranged weapons
3006:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2997:Stick-fighting
2994:
2992:Knife fighting
2984:
2978:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2929:
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2917:
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2907:
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2822:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2781:
2779:
2769:
2768:
2766:Classification
2765:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2732:List of styles
2728:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2709:
2702:
2694:
2685:
2684:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2627:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2561:Punch (combat)
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2511:
2509:
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2504:
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2468:
2467:
2462:
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2452:
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2420:
2419:External links
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2227:
2197:
2167:
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1997:
1982:
1964:
1942:
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1846:
1844:Touch of Death
1841:
1836:
1831:
1824:
1821:
1808:The character
1805:
1802:
1786:The character
1783:
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1746:
1745:
1742:Cantonese Yale
1734:Cantonese Yale
1727:
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1702:Zuk7 Lim2 Sii5
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1678:Sam1 Pu5 Zien5
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1555:rolling bamboo
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1101:United Kingdom
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1050:
1028:
1025:
984:
983:Praying Mantis
981:
894:
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815:
807:Jiāngxī zhúlín
790:
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263:Yue: Cantonese
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198:Transcriptions
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106:Iron Ox style:
96:Chu Gar style:
85:
81:
80:
68:
64:
63:
54:
50:
49:
46:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4149:
4138:
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4125:
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4122:
4107:
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4093:
4089:
4088:
4085:
4071:
4068:
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3998:
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3988:
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3982:African Games
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3656:
3654:
3653:Fighting game
3651:
3650:
3648:
3646:Entertainment
3644:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3617:Krabi–krabong
3615:
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3612:Kalaripayattu
3610:
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3408:
3405:
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3402:Shootfighting
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3374:
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3369:combat sports
3365:
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3325:
3323:
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3308:
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3300:
3298:
3297:Tien Shan Pai
3295:
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3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3222:Choi Kwang-Do
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
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3200:
3199:
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3088:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3059:Pushing hands
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3003:
3002:Swordsmanship
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2987:Melee weapons
2985:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2977:
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2965:
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2778:
2774:
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2763:
2759:
2753:
2752:Hard and soft
2750:
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2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2722:
2715:
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2701:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2656:Qiang (spear)
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2623:Wushu (sport)
2620:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2597:Sanda (sport)
2595:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2581:Wushu stances
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2566:Pushing hands
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
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2538:
2536:
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2513:
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2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2404:on 2007-11-13
2403:
2399:
2392:
2389:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2363:
2361:0-9538632-0-4
2357:
2353:
2346:
2343:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2316:
2313:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2290:Marty Eisen.
2286:
2283:
2271:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2231:
2228:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2201:
2198:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2171:
2168:
2157:
2153:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2106:on 2012-12-31
2105:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2038:
2034:
2027:
2024:
2013:on 2007-11-09
2012:
2008:
2001:
1998:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1965:
1953:
1950:Li Tien-Lai.
1946:
1943:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1896:on 2009-10-25
1895:
1891:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1868:
1865:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1834:Nam Pai Chuan
1832:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1770:Shaw Brothers
1766:
1763:of the famed
1762:
1755:
1750:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1699:Juk1 Lam4 Ji6
1690:Jook Lum Gee
1688:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1590:
1588:free sparring
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1573:stones bucket
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
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1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1511:hooking hands
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
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1489:
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1477:
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1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1400:), northeast
1399:
1393:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1369:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1353:
1344:The Iron Ox (
1339:
1337:
1335:
1329:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1299:
1279:
1273:
1264:
1250:
1249:Bao'an County
1246:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1190:
1180:
1176:
1166:
1152:
1150:
1146:
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1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1106:
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1102:
1092:
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1079:
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1071:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1026:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1010:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
988:
982:
980:
978:
975:(present-day
974:
973:Bao'an County
964:
954:
950:
940:
930:
926:
920:
918:
914:
908:
900:
892:
890:
887:
882:
879:
877:
871:
863:
855:
849:
841:
837:
834:
828:
820:
816:
813:
809:
803:
795:
791:
788:
785:
782:
781:
780:
774:
772:
768:
766:
761:
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755:
751:
747:
739:
735:
724:
719:
717:
712:
710:
705:
704:
702:
701:
694:
691:
689:
688:Wushu (sport)
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
670:
664:
663:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
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631:
628:
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623:
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606:
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598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
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573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
562:Wong Fei-hung
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
542:Dong Haichuan
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
524:
518:
517:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
499:Li Ching-Yuen
497:
495:
494:Yim Wing-chun
492:
490:
487:
485:
484:Zhang Sanfeng
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
471:
465:
464:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
433:
427:
426:
419:
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402:
401:
397:
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387:
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329:
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316:
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273:
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264:
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214:
212:
208:
205:
201:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
172:
170:
166:
162:
157:
149:
147:Olympic sport
145:
142:
138:
134:
120:
116:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
90:
86:
82:
79:
74:
69:
65:
62:
58:
55:
51:
47:
45:Also known as
43:
33:
19:
3963:Pencak silat
3673:Stage combat
3627:Mardani khel
3549:Jeet Kune Do
3507:Silat Melayu
3470:Pencak silat
3422:Self-defense
3364:Full contact
3351:
3339:
3277:Shoot boxing
3217:Chess boxing
3117:Malla-yuddha
3054:Punching bag
3044:Boxing glove
2901:Leg strikes
2880:Elbow strike
2866:Arm strikes
2721:Martial arts
2677:
2676:
2556:Leopard Blow
2406:. Retrieved
2402:the original
2391:
2380:. Retrieved
2370:
2351:
2345:
2334:. Retrieved
2330:the original
2325:
2315:
2304:. Retrieved
2300:the original
2285:
2274:. Retrieved
2270:the original
2260:
2249:. Retrieved
2245:the original
2240:
2230:
2219:. Retrieved
2215:the original
2210:
2200:
2189:. Retrieved
2185:the original
2180:
2170:
2159:. Retrieved
2129:. Retrieved
2119:
2108:. Retrieved
2104:the original
2094:
2083:. Retrieved
2073:
2062:. Retrieved
2052:
2041:. Retrieved
2037:the original
2026:
2015:. Retrieved
2011:the original
2000:
1973:
1967:
1956:. Retrieved
1945:
1934:. Retrieved
1927:
1898:. Retrieved
1894:the original
1867:
1839:Toph Beifong
1813:
1807:
1791:
1788:Toph Beifong
1785:
1773:
1759:
1744:: Gwongsai)
1711:
1687:
1666:Sarm Bo Jin
1663:
1653:Hagfa Pinyim
1618:
1614:
1611:
1594:
1567:hand weights
1550:
1547:Gen Tan Geng
1459:
1457:
1424:
1420:
1395:
1365:
1356:
1343:
1330:
1307:
1300:
1274:
1265:
1223:
1156:
1147:
1143:
1110:
1088:
1055:
1030:
1013:
1005:
989:
986:
921:
910:
896:
883:
880:
873:
859:
851:
830:
805:
778:
769:
762:
750:Hakka people
733:
732:
678:Kung fu film
645:Vincent Zhao
489:Fong Sai-yuk
418:Yin and yang
405:
398:
376:
249:Romanization
211:Hanyu Pinyin
131:Toph Beifong
121:Wong Fook Go
110:
105:
100:
95:
87:
3912:Asian Games
3797:World Games
3759:Greco-Roman
3579:Battlefield
3539:Chun Kuk Do
3482:Suffrajitsu
3292:Tang Soo Do
3167:Greco-Roman
2920:Knee strike
2837:Philippines
2641:Gun (staff)
2237:"Biography"
1888:Ng Si Kay.
1672:Sān Bù Jiàn
1605:acupressure
1570:rice bucket
1490:sword (gim)
1487:broad sword
1430:Sarm Bo Gin
1229: [
1165:Wu Tai Shan
1131:Han Chinese
886:South China
875:sān bù jiàn
630:Jackie Chan
582:Wang Ziping
577:Huo Yuanjia
547:Yang Luchan
537:Hong Xiguan
509:Five Elders
479:Bodhidharma
93:Chow Ah-Nam
4121:Categories
3954:2018 Only
3815:Kickboxing
3569:Qwan Ki Do
3497:To-Shin Do
3427:combatives
3397:Pankration
3382:Kickboxing
3353:Xingyiquan
3341:Baguazhang
3307:Wudangquan
3237:Kickboxing
3132:Shuai jiao
2942:Joint lock
2859:techniques
2613:Shuai jiao
2606:Techniques
2546:Joint lock
2408:2008-03-14
2382:2008-03-21
2336:2008-08-13
2306:2008-02-26
2276:2008-03-14
2251:2013-04-15
2221:2008-08-29
2191:2008-04-22
2161:2008-02-26
2131:2008-03-20
2110:2010-04-09
2085:2008-03-20
2064:2008-02-23
2043:2007-12-20
2017:2008-03-07
1958:2008-02-29
1936:2008-02-25
1900:2008-02-28
1871:Jon Funk,
1860:References
1810:Quick Kick
1723:Gong1 sai1
1714:Kwong Sai
1696:Zhú Lín Sì
1599:dit da how
1595:medicine:
1564:iron rings
1334:James Cama
1278:iron rings
1243:clinic in
1179:Mt. Longhu
947:) through
929:Dong River
912:Kèjiā quán
893:Hakka Kuen
848:Wade–Giles
640:Donnie Yen
625:Sammo Hung
620:Bolo Yeung
567:Sun Lutang
557:Wu Quanyou
552:Chan Heung
441:Mount Emei
136:Parenthood
4070:Wrestling
4065:Taekwondo
4015:Wrestling
4010:Taekwondo
3945:Wrestling
3940:Taekwondo
3900:Wrestling
3895:Taekwondo
3838:Taekwondo
3820:Muay Thai
3755:freestyle
3751:Wrestling
3746:Taekwondo
3622:Krav Maga
3534:Angampora
3502:Wing Chun
3460:Krav Maga
3450:Kajukenbo
3412:Vale Tudo
3287:Taekwondo
3252:Muay Thai
3242:Kun Khmer
3172:Mongolian
3162:freestyle
3142:Wrestling
3101:Para judo
3079:Grappling
2932:Grappling
2870:Chokehold
2800:Indonesia
2631:Changquan
1920:Gene Chen
1765:Venom Mob
1726:Gong1 si1
1616:morning.
1558:speed bag
1402:Guangdong
1070:Guangdong
1001:Wing Chun
917:Guangdong
817:Iron Ox (
655:Dennis To
615:Bruce Lee
587:Chen Fake
572:Li Shuwen
446:Mount Hua
139:Southern
61:Grappling
4055:Muaythai
3805:Ju-jitsu
3678:Tricking
3662:Chanbara
3564:Unifight
3517:Eclectic
3492:Taekkyon
3440:Bartitsu
3322:Internal
3212:Capoeira
3194:Striking
3122:Pehlwani
3069:Sparring
3031:Training
3019:Shooting
2964:Stand-up
2952:Takedown
2905:Footwork
2895:Headbutt
2857:Unarmed
2742:Timeline
1823:See also
1778:(1978).
1602:chi gong
1582:sam sing
1508:7 elbows
1245:Pingshan
1052:Chow Gar
1027:Lau Soei
1009:Shandong
977:Shenzhen
949:Hoh Yuen
925:Xingning
784:Chow Gar
284:Jyutping
113:Chen Kiu
108:Hung Mei
89:Chow Gar
57:Striking
4106:Outline
4040:Fencing
3995:Fencing
3930:Jujutsu
3880:Fencing
3731:Fencing
3607:Jujutsu
3592:Bokator
3587:Banshay
3521:hybrids
3487:Systema
3445:Hapkido
3347:Tai chi
3302:Vovinam
3247:Lethwei
3152:Cornish
3107:Jujutsu
3064:Randori
3014:Archery
2974:Weapons
2847:Vietnam
2820:Okinawa
2810:Ireland
2805:Italian
2747:Records
2737:History
2661:Tai chi
2541:Chin Na
1992:3002333
1800:style.
1798:Hung Ga
1761:Lo Mang
1738:Guangxi
1730:Jiangxi
1720:Jiāngxī
1657:
1638:Chinese
1397:Méixiàn
1384:Chinese
1376:Kolkata
1368:Chinese
1340:Iron Ox
1304:Kowloon
1237:Huiyang
1226:Danshui
1189:Jiangxi
1091:Ip Shui
1017:Chinese
997:Tai chi
953:Huizhou
939:Meizhou
899:Chinese
862:Chinese
840:Chinese
832:Tiě niú
819:Chinese
812:Jiāngxī
794:Chinese
775:History
767:style.
758:Bak Mei
744:) is a
738:Chinese
667:Related
532:Yue Fei
474:Guan Yu
389:Neigong
384:Kung fu
372:Chin Na
169:Chinese
103:Som Dot
84:Creator
4096:Portal
4050:Karate
4035:Boxing
4005:Karate
3990:Boxing
3958:Kurash
3935:Karate
3920:Boxing
3890:Karate
3875:Boxing
3848:Aikido
3810:Karate
3783:Savate
3741:Karate
3726:Boxing
3554:Shooto
3330:Aikido
3282:Savate
3232:Karate
3207:Boxing
3087:Barróg
2915:Flying
2890:Ground
2885:Clinch
2842:Russia
2790:Europe
2590:Styles
2358:
2127:. 2007
1990:
1980:
1854:Tui na
1772:movie
1643:Pinyin
1634:
1608:tui na
1561:chains
1394::
1392:pinyin
1386::
1370::
1314:Taiwan
1254:黃(公)毓光
1247:Town,
1175:Shanxi
1139:Fujian
1123:Manchu
1078:Fujian
1041:螳螂捕蟬棍尤
1019::
909::
907:pinyin
901::
872::
870:pinyin
864::
850::
842::
829::
827:pinyin
821::
804::
802:pinyin
796::
740::
635:Jet Li
592:Ip Man
407:Qigong
394:Neijia
378:Fa jin
187:mantis
91:style:
4060:Sambo
3968:Sambo
3950:Wushu
3853:Wushu
3833:Sambo
3778:Glima
3683:Wuxia
3465:MCMAP
3435:Arnis
3267:Sanda
3227:Dambe
3202:Bando
3182:shoot
3147:catch
3127:Sambo
2957:Throw
2947:Sweep
2925:Stomp
2875:Punch
2827:Korea
2815:Japan
2795:India
2785:China
1790:from
1751:Media
1740:(廣西,
1732:(江西;
1627:Notes
1502:spear
1380:India
1233:]
1187:) in
1173:) in
1135:Henan
1021:螳螂捕蟬棍
971:) at
968:珠江三角洲
693:Wuxia
413:Shifu
366:Terms
242:Hakka
78:China
53:Focus
4045:Judo
4000:Judo
3925:Judo
3885:Judo
3825:Sumo
3768:Budō
3736:Judo
3157:folk
3137:Sumo
3097:Judo
3039:Kata
2982:Duel
2937:Hold
2910:Kick
2646:Jian
2551:Kick
2356:ISBN
1988:OCLC
1978:ISBN
1756:Film
1372:螳螂國術
1200:三達祖師
1160:江西竹林
1127:Ming
1119:Qing
1035:東江老虎
999:and
844:螳螂國術
798:江西竹林
756:and
742:南派螳螂
175:南派螳螂
40:南派螳螂
3177:oil
1693:竹林寺
1669:三步箭
1325:余冠溥
1319:麥振寬
1309:sic
1295:李國良
1289:黃耀華
1283:黃耀雄
1269:李腎勝
1260:李腎勝
1218:張耀宗
1212:李禪師
1206:李官清
1184:龍虎山
1170:五台山
1083:黃福高
1076:in
1065:周亞南
1023:).
903:客家拳
866:三步箭
298:IPA
225:IPA
4123::
3757:,
3519:/
2324:.
2294:.
2239:.
2209:.
2179:.
2154:.
2140:^
1986:.
1926:.
1922:.
1909:^
1880:^
1717:江西
1623:.
1390:;
1388:梅縣
1378:,
1347:鐵牛
1235:,
1231:zh
1194:江西
1114:朱家
1096:葉瑞
1059:周家
1011:.
1003:.
995:,
958:惠陽
944:梅州
934:東江
905:;
868:;
846:;
825:;
823:鐵牛
800:;
760:.
400:Qi
150:No
59:,
3761:)
3753:(
3664:)
3660:(
3424:/
3366:/
3103:)
3099:(
2713:e
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2479:v
2411:.
2385:.
2364:.
2339:.
2309:.
2279:.
2254:.
2224:.
2194:.
2164:.
2134:.
2113:.
2088:.
2067:.
2046:.
2020:.
1994:.
1961:.
1939:.
1903:.
1191:(
1181:(
1167:(
1093:(
1032:(
965:(
941:(
931:(
835:)
810:"
736:(
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34:.
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