681:") is the notion of having control over one's conditions of existence, whether at the level of the self, social group, region, nation or globe. Typically used for describing the acquiring or preserving political independence of a nation or a region, a sovereigntist aims to "take back control" from perceived powerful forces, either against internal subversive minority groups (ethnic, sexual or gender), or from external global governance institutions,
600:
1543:, seen as a collapse of borders protecting them from being engulfed culturally, economically and politically by Europe and the West. As a cultural and political protector against threatening Western powers, the idea of a sovereign union of multiple peoples under Russia's leadership has been employed as a legitimation theory for imperial expansion. This usage predates the Soviet Union, tracing back to
1772:
853:
705:
Sovereigntism has a cultural as well as political component and can take the form of hostility towards outsiders having different values or different countries or regions of origin. Sovereigntist groups are associated with populism since they typically claim legitimacy for carrying out the sovereign
1514:
has espoused the current
Russian sovereigntist view of a political, economic, and cultural battle between sovereign peoples of Russia on one side, and on the other- transnational institutions with their neoliberal and cosmopolitan ideologies undermining Russia's sovereignty and cultural existence.
1295:
adopted the
Sovereignty Protection Act, which creates a new government agency, called the Sovereignty Protection Office, to be established by February 1, 2024. It will have broad powers to investigate alleged attacks on Hungarian sovereignty, including the activities of civic organizations supported
709:
Though there are wide differences in ideology and historical context between sovereigntist movements, those of the twenty first century can be thought of as belonging to three separate categories: conservative sovereigntism, archeo-sovereigntism, and neo-sovereigntism. Conservative sovereignism
714:
model of sovereignty seeking to preserve the interstate order with norms promoting global economic order but halting further advances towards political integration. Some vestiges of colonialism remain, with old powers retaining what they see as historical special responsibilities to intervene in
921:
completely (or oppose joining it) and (on the other), those who aim for a "Europe of the nations", a less integrated Europe respecting the individual characteristics and sovereignty of constituent states. Supporters of these doctrines tend to regard themselves as Euro-realists opposed to the
1979:
concept of the sovereign people refers exclusively to a specifically defined
Christian community that "invites people of different backgrounds to unite under a common 'American' sense of self". Similar to the perspective of Putinism, those individuals who maintain a separate minority
706:
will of the people. While leftist sovereigntists tend to think of their national border as a defensive line against the corrosive effects of neo-liberal economics, right wing sovereigntists see it more as a filter protecting the sovereign people from undesired new members.
731:. It seeks to strengthen norms and agreements protecting the independence of each state, granting their equality, and restraining more powerful states from attempts to influence the behavior of other nations. Archeo-sovereigntism is the most radical, rejecting forces of
1970:
A more extreme conservative view of popular sovereignty involves a radical unwinding of centralized government and an expansion of regional sovereignty, where freedoms are controlled at the local level, not adjudicated at the federal level. From the perspective of the
672:
1984:
are not only excluded, but are regarded as a threat to the majority's sovereignty, especially when they seek legal redress for violation of their human rights as defined by constitutional and international norms.
2371:
De
Spiegeleire, Stephan; Skinner, Clarissa; Sweijs, Tim; Novak, Ekaterina (2017). "The Rise of Populist Sovereignism: What It Is, Where It Comes from, and What It Means for International Security and Defense".
2585:
McGovern, Clare J., Separatist
Parties in National Parliaments: The Scottish National Party and the Bloc Québécois (2009). APSA 2009 Toronto Meeting Paper, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1451747
735:
and restraints on states by transnational bodies, norms and agreements, calling for a return to a pre- World War II order when states were freer from such interference. Examples in Europe include the
1945:
action. Sovereigntism in foreign policy is charactized by opposition to multilateral regimes relating to climate change, war crimes, arms control and international declaration of human rights.
1519:, the "national wealth" of the multiethnic Russian peoples (its morality, values, memory of its forefathers and its culture) both defines and is protected by its sovereignty. Putin advisor
962:
2537:
1484:
926:. (The European Union is not a federation but shares many characteristics of one.) Thus, sovereigntism in Europe is opposed to federalism and typically involves
967:
955:
1698:
628:
2857:
1963:
The needs of the
American people come first before any other concern of government. Any other prioritization violates the sovereignty of the people.
1659:
2505:
1966:
Sovereigntism is used partisan weapon, where anyone who differs with
Trumpian formulations of sovereignty are identified as political enemies.
2488:
1168:
1438:
1126:
2596:
2243:
Azmanova, Albena (2022). "Populism and the
Recasting of the Ideological Landscape of Liberal Democracies". In Oswald, Michael (ed.).
2461:
2260:
2095:
1819:
1291:
party, in power since 2010, have increasingly followed a sovereigntist policy against the
European Union. On December 12, 2023, the
989:
977:
951:
900:
748:
496:
102:
2847:
1994:
1957:
1706:
1120:
1078:
720:
2842:
1941:, US sovereigntism is largely a conservative perspective, celebrating both American self-definition and liberty to engage in
1797:
1793:
878:
874:
621:
491:
269:
117:
31:
2760:
1694:
1249:
506:
1702:
255:
87:
58:
1645:
2852:
2030:
2012:
1845:
1446:
1292:
559:
1782:
863:
1617:
1344:
92:
63:
1801:
1786:
882:
867:
1474:
1460:
1239:
1108:
614:
219:
2666:
1575:
1044:
334:
224:
744:
1523:
articulated the threat to "sovereign democracy" posed by international organizations serving the interest of
1938:
1734:
1726:
1414:
1150:
1088:
917:, sovereigntist populisms political movements divide (on the one hand) between those that seek to leave the
711:
264:
723:, especially against more privileged nations with concentrated power in transnational entities such as the
2177:"The new sovereigntism and transnational law: Legal utopianism, democratic scepticism and statist realism"
2018:
1312:
1271:
1263:
1102:
1092:
501:
443:
389:
2561:
1897:
1681:
1673:
1621:
1607:
1589:
1539:, Georgian and Ukrainian sovereignty could not be respected since it had already been lost due to their
1492:
1464:
1338:
1211:
1098:
321:
154:
2247:(e-book ed.). Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave MacMillan- Springer Nature Switzerland AG. p. 383.
1875:
1418:
1243:
1130:
2297:
1956:
World order and peace is best secured by sovereign states looking after themselves, as opposed to the
2837:
1921:
1893:
1879:
1663:
1442:
1017:
431:
302:
292:
277:
204:
122:
2680:"Law as Affiliation: Foreign Law, Democratic Federalism, and the Sovereigntism of the Nation-State"
2086:
Minakov, Mikhail (2022). "Sovereignty as a
Contested Concept: The Cases of Trumpism and Putinism".
1913:
1861:
1677:
1625:
1611:
1579:
1552:
1548:
1505:
1478:
1454:
1334:
1316:
1225:
1215:
1154:
1068:
1058:
1013:
972:
724:
716:
686:
543:
453:
307:
209:
159:
97:
1853:
2801:
2784:
Ettinger, Aaron (2020). "Principled realism and populist sovereignty in Trump's foreign policy".
2729:
2428:
2377:
2320:
2266:
2198:
1972:
1917:
1883:
1653:
1649:
1366:
1358:
1267:
1253:
1229:
1221:
1204:
1176:
1172:
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1062:
1052:
1021:
581:
174:
2629:
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2256:
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1981:
1857:
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1667:
1540:
1408:
1394:
1386:
1330:
1200:
576:
250:
112:
107:
68:
41:
1856:, have preferred the terms "sovereignty" and "sovereigntist" over other common names such as
2793:
2721:
2641:
2420:
2312:
2248:
2188:
2127:
2073:
1903:
1887:
1593:
1520:
1192:
Parties with tendencies that could be described also as sovereigntists can also be found in
1114:
1030:
526:
282:
136:
1637:
Parties with tendencies that could be described also as sovereigntist can be also found in
1567:
Parties with tendencies that could be described also as sovereigntist can be also found in
1430:
Parties with tendencies that could be described also as sovereigntist can be also found in
1304:
Parties with tendencies that could be described also as sovereigntist can be also found in
1142:
Parties with tendencies that could be described also as sovereigntist can be also found in
758:
outlining these three major tendencies, researchers Alles and Badie summarised them thus:
1693:
In the Parliament of Catalonia, parties explicitly supporting independence from Spain are
1488:
1400:
1380:
1207:
697:
movements, but has also been used to justify violating the independence of other nations.
665:
653:
604:
586:
411:
396:
1284:
2298:"Populism, Sovereigntism, and the Unlikely Re-Emergence of the Territorial Nation-State"
2409:"Geographical Metanarratives in Russia and the European East: Contemporary Pan-Slavism"
2000:
1718:
1597:
1583:
1532:
1511:
931:
923:
918:
736:
728:
482:
401:
355:
297:
2679:
599:
2831:
2805:
2432:
2324:
2270:
2202:
2115:
1942:
1907:
1038:
732:
406:
384:
359:
189:
2021: â Ideology that seeks to promote subnational administrative division interests
1717:
Parties with policies that could be described as sovereigntist can be also found in
2042:
1934:
1900:
and social democratic, represents Quebec separatism in Canada's federal parliament)
1468:
1450:
1352:
1320:
1233:
1162:
1072:
694:
690:
169:
2797:
2630:"The right to self-determination in Ireland and the justification of IRA violence"
1748:
2478:
2006:
1771:
1740:
1730:
1544:
1404:
1390:
1376:
1158:
1048:
1024:
927:
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678:
473:
438:
341:
329:
194:
2506:"Separatist parties set to lose power in Catalan regional election, polls show"
2424:
2058:
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2193:
2176:
2036:
2024:
1556:
1324:
1257:
1180:
682:
563:
553:
548:
287:
149:
2653:
2608:
2517:
2381:
17:
2667:
https://www.politico.com/news/2023/03/10/quebec-sovereignty-polling-00086428
2077:
1722:
1372:
740:
448:
346:
229:
184:
164:
1976:
1949:
1852:
and become an independent country. Many leaders in the movement, notably
1536:
1516:
1362:
1348:
1034:
1007:
571:
531:
214:
199:
179:
48:
2733:
2710:"The New Sovereigntists: American Exceptionalism and Its False Prophets"
2709:
2131:
1431:
1143:
719:. Amongst rising powers, neo-sovereigntism is concerned with issues of
486:
144:
1535:
order controlled by the United States. According to the ideology of
942:
where parties on the left and right margins lean strongly towards it.
2725:
2088:
Inventing Majorities: Ideological Creativity in Post-Soviet Societies
1849:
1837:
1568:
1288:
1193:
999:
939:
935:
914:
536:
478:
376:
2761:"It's not just Trump. Much of America has turned its back on Europe"
2408:
762:
Three coexisting types of sovereigntism in the post-bipolar context
2009: â Political ideology that promotes the interests of a nation
1638:
1603:
1305:
2059:"Sovereigntism in the International System: From Change to Split"
1528:
1524:
27:
Ideology supporting political independence of a nation or region
1948:
The dominant US sovereigntist perspective is currently that of
1547:âs origins in the 16th century, later becoming integrated with
1765:
846:
2456:(e-book ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 37â38.
1864:, although this terminology may be objected to by opponents.
922:
Euro-federalists and call for a more confederal version of a
2226:
2224:
2562:"Separatism on the rise: The role of regional resources"
2595:
Times, Roy Reed Special to The New York (1977-04-22).
2597:"In Land of Plaid Cymru, Wales Is Very Much a Nation"
958:
have been formed which contain sovereignist parties:
715:
former possessions, such as in the case of Russia's
2305:
Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences
2027: â Advocacy for separation from a larger group
1002:, where numerous political movements adhere to it:
2480:Putin's Wars: The Rise of Russia's New Imperialism
2454:Putin's Wars: The Rise of Russia's New Imperialism
2039: â Rights and obligations of a dominant state
1997: â Acquiring or preserving political autonomy
1975:and continuing among followers of Trumpism, the
2116:"A note on populism and global systemic crisis"
2003: â Body of criticism of the European Union
2376:. Hague Centre for Strategic Studies: iiâxvi.
1485:Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party
963:The Left in the European Parliament â GUE/NGL
622:
8:
2483:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 35â43.
1729:(with respect to the European Union through
2684:International Journal of Constitutional Law
1960:of interdependent and integrated countries.
1848:, which argues for Quebec to separate from
1800:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1746:
1738:
956:political groups in the European Parliament
881:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2349:
2230:
2045: â State subordinate to another state
629:
615:
36:
2786:Cambridge Review of International Affairs
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2192:
2057:Alles, Delphine; Badie, Bertrand (2016).
1820:Learn how and when to remove this message
901:Learn how and when to remove this message
2283:
2066:European Review of International Studies
998:doctrine is particularly influential in
843:Sovereigntist populist parties in Europe
760:
756:European Review of International Studies
2818:
2746:
2394:
2337:
2215:
2162:
2106:
2033: â Movement to achieve sovereignty
47:
2187:(1). Cambridge University Press: 109.
2150:
1699:ConvergĂšncia DemocrĂ tica de Catalunya
968:European Conservatives and Reformists
693:, and can be associated with certain
689:. It generally leans instead toward
664:
7:
2015: â Quebec independence movement
1798:adding citations to reliable sources
1169:National Democratic Party of Germany
879:adding citations to reliable sources
1439:Alliance for the Union of Romanians
1127:Pole of Communist Revival in France
767:Contemporary types of sovereigntism
2759:Ash, Timothy Garton (2018-09-28).
25:
2628:Macfarlane, Leslie (March 1990).
2374:The Rise of Populist Sovereignism
2245:The Palgrave Handbook of Populism
1703:Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya
990:Sovereign Right (French politics)
952:2024 European Parliament election
497:Biology and political orientation
2634:Terrorism and Political Violence
2413:Eurasian Geography and Economics
1770:
851:
598:
2858:Political terminology in Canada
1995:Autonomism (political doctrine)
1958:rules-based international order
1844:or sovereigntism refers to the
1079:Citizen and Republican Movement
2477:Van Herpen, Marcel H. (2014).
2452:Van Herpen, Marcel H. (2014).
2407:Suslov, Mikhail (2013-05-15).
1906:(centre-left, nationalist and
492:Theories of political behavior
118:Political history of the world
32:Sovereigntism (disambiguation)
1:
2798:10.1080/09557571.2019.1659229
507:Critique of political economy
2090:. Stuttgart: ibidem-Verlag.
1933:Coupled with its history of
1707:Candidatura d'Unitat Popular
1697:(JxCat), heir of the former
1660:Falange Española de las JONS
936:withdrew from the EU in 2020
754:In a paper published in the
88:Outline of political science
2114:Friedman, Jonathan (2018).
2031:Sovereigntism (Puerto Rico)
2013:Quebec sovereignty movement
1846:Quebec sovereignty movement
1293:Hungarian National Assembly
978:Europe of Sovereign Nations
677:, meaning "the ideology of
2874:
2425:10.2747/1539-7216.53.5.575
2296:Kallis, Aristotle (2018).
1952:and has three dimensions:
1618:Democratic Party of Serbia
1503:
987:
823:Conservative sovereigntism
779:Approach of globalisation
93:Index of politics articles
29:
2646:10.1080/09546559008427049
2504:Jones, Sam (2024-05-12).
2317:10.1007/s40647-018-0233-z
2253:10.1007/978-3-030-80803-7
2194:10.1017/S2045381716000010
1475:Alliance for the Homeland
1461:Romanian Nationhood Party
1240:Communist Party of Greece
1123:(Gaullist and republican)
1117:(Gaullist and republican)
1109:Nouvelle Action Royaliste
770:Conception of sovereignty
2821:, pp. 295â296, 305.
2708:Spiro, Peter J. (2000).
2350:Alles & Badie (2016)
2231:Alles & Badie (2016)
2181:Global Constitutionalism
2175:Benhabib, Seyla (2016).
1121:Popular Republican Union
1045:French Nationalist Party
833:Emergence of challengers
2078:10.3224/eris.v3i1.26004
1939:American exceptionalism
1735:Scottish National Party
1727:Conservative Party (UK)
1151:Alternative for Germany
502:Political organisations
265:International relations
103:Politics by subdivision
2848:Conservatism in France
2019:Regionalism (politics)
1747:
1745:(Party of Wales), and
1739:
1695:Together for Catalonia
1272:religious conservatism
1264:Popular Orthodox Rally
1103:right-wing nationalist
1093:right-wing nationalist
930:, particularly in the
710:embraces the national
657:
2843:Political terminology
2538:"Reform UK Manifesto"
2120:Economic Anthropology
1753:in Northern Ireland.
1682:national conservative
1622:national conservative
1608:national conservative
1590:Serbian Radical Party
1559:in the 19th century.
1504:Further information:
1493:national conservative
1465:national conservative
1339:national conservative
1212:left-wing nationalism
666:[su.vÊÉ.nism]
582:Political campaigning
322:Public administration
155:Collective leadership
1922:democratic socialist
1794:improve this section
1725:and the Johnson-led
1664:national syndicalist
1646:ADĂâSpanish Identity
1626:Christian democratic
1612:Christian democratic
1069:Mouvement for France
875:improve this section
804:Archeo sovereigntism
747:in Denmark, and the
687:supranational unions
432:Separation of powers
303:Political psychology
278:Comparative politics
256:political scientists
243:Academic disciplines
123:Political philosophy
30:For other uses, see
1580:right-wing populist
1557:Orthodox messianism
1549:Russian nationalism
1506:Sovereign democracy
1479:economic patriotism
1455:right-wing populist
1335:right-wing populist
1317:right-wing populist
1216:hard Euroscepticism
973:Patriots for Europe
763:
725:UN security council
717:invasion of Ukraine
605:Politics portal
454:Election commission
425:Government branches
308:Political sociology
160:Confessional system
98:Politics by country
2853:Politics of Quebec
2601:The New York Times
2397:, p. 306-307.
2132:10.1002/sea2.12108
1654:ethnic nationalist
1367:left-wing populism
1359:Five Star Movement
1268:ethnic nationalist
1254:ethnic nationalist
1230:ethnic nationalist
1222:Independent Greeks
1205:anti-establishment
1177:ethnic nationalist
1053:ethnic nationalism
1006:Democratic Rally (
761:
288:Political analysis
220:Semi-parliamentary
2678:Resnick, Judith.
2490:978-1-4422-3138-2
1888:social democratic
1834:Canadian province
1830:
1829:
1822:
1668:third positionist
1541:color revolutions
1409:third positionist
1395:third positionist
1331:Brothers of Italy
1201:Course of Freedom
911:
910:
903:
840:
839:
785:Neo-sovereigntism
639:
638:
587:Political parties
527:Electoral systems
251:Political science
225:Semi-presidential
137:Political systems
113:Political history
108:Political economy
16:(Redirected from
2865:
2822:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2756:
2750:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2726:10.2307/20049963
2705:
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2101:
2081:
2063:
1914:Québec solidaire
1904:Option nationale
1825:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1805:
1774:
1766:
1752:
1744:
1594:ultranationalist
1576:Enough is Enough
1521:Vladislav Surkov
1419:MarxistâLeninist
1244:MarxistâLeninist
1131:MarxistâLeninist
1115:Rally for France
906:
899:
895:
892:
886:
855:
847:
789:Self-affirmation
764:
745:Dansk Folk Party
676:
675:
674:
668:
663:
631:
624:
617:
603:
602:
393:
338:
293:Political theory
283:Election science
273:
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37:
21:
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2741:
2714:Foreign Affairs
2707:
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2085:
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1991:
1931:
1876:Parti Québécois
1870:
1826:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1791:
1775:
1764:
1759:
1715:
1691:
1635:
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1508:
1502:
1489:Christian right
1428:
1415:Communist Party
1401:Tricolour Flame
1381:anti-capitalist
1302:
1283:Prime Minister
1281:
1208:catch-all party
1190:
1140:
1010:and monarchist)
992:
986:
948:
907:
896:
890:
887:
872:
856:
845:
739:in France, the
703:
671:
670:
669:
661:
635:
597:
592:
591:
522:
521:
512:
511:
469:
468:
459:
458:
427:
426:
417:
416:
412:Public interest
397:Domestic policy
387:
380:
379:
368:
367:
332:
325:
324:
313:
312:
274:
267:
260:
253:
245:
244:
235:
234:
140:
139:
128:
127:
83:
82:
73:
42:Politics series
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2871:
2869:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2823:
2819:Minakov (2022)
2811:
2792:(3): 410â431.
2776:
2751:
2749:, p. 297.
2747:Minakov (2022)
2739:
2700:
2670:
2659:
2620:
2587:
2578:
2553:
2529:
2496:
2489:
2469:
2462:
2444:
2419:(5): 575â595.
2399:
2395:Minakov (2022)
2387:
2354:
2342:
2340:, p. 292.
2338:Minakov (2022)
2330:
2288:
2286:, p. 167.
2276:
2261:
2235:
2220:
2218:, p. 299.
2216:Minakov (2022)
2208:
2167:
2165:, p. 307.
2163:Minakov (2022)
2155:
2143:
2105:
2104:
2096:
2083:
2082:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
2001:Euroscepticism
1998:
1990:
1987:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1911:
1901:
1896:(centre-left,
1894:Bloc Québécois
1891:
1869:
1866:
1862:independentist
1828:
1827:
1810:September 2024
1778:
1776:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1719:United Kingdom
1714:
1713:United Kingdom
1711:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1671:
1657:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1615:
1601:
1587:
1564:
1561:
1533:unipolar world
1512:Vladimir Putin
1501:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1482:
1472:
1458:
1447:traditionalist
1427:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1412:
1398:
1384:
1370:
1356:
1342:
1328:
1301:
1298:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1261:
1247:
1237:
1219:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1166:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1101:(Gaullist and
1096:
1089:National Rally
1086:
1076:
1066:
1059:France Unbowed
1056:
1042:
1028:
1011:
985:
982:
981:
980:
975:
970:
965:
947:
946:European Union
944:
932:United Kingdom
924:European Union
919:European Union
909:
908:
891:September 2024
859:
857:
850:
844:
841:
838:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
819:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
800:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
781:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
743:in Italy, the
737:Front National
702:
701:Classification
699:
637:
636:
634:
633:
626:
619:
611:
608:
607:
594:
593:
590:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
568:
567:
551:
546:
541:
540:
539:
529:
523:
519:
518:
517:
514:
513:
510:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
476:
470:
467:Related topics
466:
465:
464:
461:
460:
457:
456:
451:
446:
441:
435:
434:
428:
424:
423:
422:
419:
418:
415:
414:
409:
404:
402:Foreign policy
399:
394:
381:
375:
374:
373:
370:
369:
366:
365:
364:
363:
349:
344:
339:
326:
320:
319:
318:
315:
314:
311:
310:
305:
300:
298:Policy studies
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
263:
261:
249:
246:
242:
241:
240:
237:
236:
233:
232:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
141:
135:
134:
133:
130:
129:
126:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
84:
81:Primary topics
80:
79:
78:
75:
74:
72:
71:
66:
61:
55:
52:
51:
45:
44:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2870:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2820:
2815:
2812:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2780:
2777:
2766:
2762:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2743:
2740:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2704:
2701:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2663:
2660:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2624:
2621:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2591:
2588:
2582:
2579:
2567:
2563:
2557:
2554:
2539:
2533:
2530:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2500:
2497:
2492:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2473:
2470:
2465:
2463:9781442231382
2459:
2455:
2448:
2445:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2388:
2383:
2382:resrep12603.3
2379:
2375:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2352:, p. 18.
2351:
2346:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2331:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2284:Azmanova 2022
2280:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2262:9783030808037
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2239:
2236:
2233:, p. 16.
2232:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2144:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2110:
2107:
2102:
2099:
2097:9783838216416
2093:
2089:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2060:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1937:and sense of
1936:
1929:United States
1928:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1854:René Lévesque
1851:
1847:
1843:
1842:souverainisme
1839:
1835:
1824:
1821:
1813:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1779:This section
1777:
1773:
1768:
1767:
1761:
1757:North America
1756:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1743:
1742:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1721:; notably by
1720:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1507:
1499:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1299:
1297:
1296:from abroad.
1294:
1290:
1286:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1014:French Action
1012:
1009:
1005:
1004:
1003:
1001:
997:
996:souverainiste
991:
983:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
960:
959:
957:
953:
945:
943:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
920:
916:
905:
902:
894:
884:
880:
876:
870:
869:
865:
860:This section
858:
854:
849:
848:
842:
835:
832:
829:
826:
824:
821:
820:
816:
814:Globalisation
813:
810:
807:
805:
802:
801:
797:
794:
791:
788:
786:
783:
782:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
765:
759:
757:
752:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
733:globalization
730:
726:
722:
718:
713:
707:
700:
698:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
673:
667:
659:
658:souverainisme
655:
651:
647:
643:
642:Sovereigntism
632:
627:
625:
620:
618:
613:
612:
610:
609:
606:
601:
596:
595:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
565:
561:
557:
556:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
538:
535:
534:
533:
530:
528:
525:
524:
516:
515:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
484:
480:
477:
475:
472:
471:
463:
462:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
436:
433:
430:
429:
421:
420:
413:
410:
408:
407:Civil society
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
391:
386:
385:Public policy
383:
382:
378:
372:
371:
361:
357:
353:
352:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
336:
331:
328:
327:
323:
317:
316:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
271:
266:
262:
257:
252:
248:
247:
239:
238:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
205:Parliamentary
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
190:Hybrid regime
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
142:
138:
132:
131:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
85:
77:
76:
70:
67:
65:
62:
60:
57:
56:
54:
53:
50:
46:
43:
39:
38:
33:
19:
18:Sovereigntist
2814:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2768:. Retrieved
2765:The Guardian
2764:
2754:
2742:
2717:
2713:
2703:
2692:. Retrieved
2687:
2683:
2673:
2662:
2640:(1): 35â53.
2637:
2633:
2623:
2612:. Retrieved
2600:
2590:
2581:
2570:. Retrieved
2568:. 2020-02-18
2565:
2556:
2545:. Retrieved
2543:. 2024-07-08
2532:
2521:. Retrieved
2510:The Guardian
2509:
2499:
2479:
2472:
2453:
2447:
2436:. Retrieved
2416:
2412:
2402:
2390:
2373:
2345:
2333:
2311:(3): 10,14.
2308:
2304:
2291:
2279:
2244:
2238:
2211:
2184:
2180:
2170:
2158:
2153:, p. 3.
2146:
2135:. Retrieved
2123:
2119:
2109:
2087:
2084:
2072:(2): 16â18.
2069:
2065:
2043:Vassal state
1969:
1947:
1935:isolationism
1932:
1871:
1841:
1831:
1816:
1807:
1792:Please help
1780:
1716:
1692:
1636:
1566:
1510:Since 2006,
1509:
1481:, syncretic)
1469:Islamophobic
1451:conservative
1429:
1353:conservative
1321:conservative
1303:
1285:Viktor OrbĂĄn
1282:
1234:conservative
1191:
1163:conservative
1141:
1111:(monarchist)
1099:The Patriots
1073:conservative
1031:France Arise
995:
993:
949:
912:
897:
888:
873:Please help
861:
822:
803:
784:
755:
753:
708:
704:
695:independence
691:isolationism
650:souverainism
649:
646:sovereignism
645:
641:
640:
335:street-level
210:Presidential
170:Dictatorship
40:Part of the
2838:Sovereignty
2720:(6): 9â15.
2151:Kallis 2018
2007:Nationalism
1908:progressive
1898:nationalist
1884:nationalist
1880:centre-left
1741:Plaid Cymru
1731:hard Brexit
1705:(ERC), and
1598:eurosceptic
1584:eurosceptic
1553:imperialism
1545:Pan-slavism
1443:nationalist
1405:neo-fascist
1391:neo-fascist
1377:neo-fascist
1250:Golden Dawn
1159:nationalist
1025:reactionary
928:nationalism
817:Antagonist
808:Specificity
751:in the UK.
712:Westphalian
679:sovereignty
474:Sovereignty
439:Legislature
342:Technocracy
330:Bureaucracy
195:Meritocracy
175:Directorial
2832:Categories
2770:2022-07-02
2694:2022-07-01
2690:(1): 34â35
2614:2024-06-21
2572:2024-06-21
2547:2024-07-08
2523:2024-07-30
2438:2022-06-29
2137:2022-07-01
2126:(5): 136.
2050:References
2037:Suzerainty
2025:Separatism
1943:unilateral
1858:separatist
1678:right-wing
1531:, and the
1325:federalist
1258:neofascist
1226:right-wing
1181:neofascist
1155:right-wing
1049:neofascist
1039:republican
1018:monarchist
988:See also:
950:After the
836:Selective
721:autonomism
683:federalism
662:pronounced
564:Governance
554:Government
549:Federalism
150:City-state
2806:203085341
2654:0954-6553
2609:0362-4331
2518:0261-3077
2433:155015782
2325:158092242
2271:244164991
2203:155699112
1973:tea party
1918:left-wing
1781:does not
1749:Sinn FĂ©in
1723:Reform UK
1689:Catalonia
1650:far-right
1387:New Force
1373:CasaPound
1173:far-right
1083:left-wing
1063:left-wing
1022:far-right
938:) and in
862:does not
830:Hierarchy
827:Normative
795:Hierarchy
741:Lega Nord
544:Unitarism
532:Elections
520:Subseries
449:Judiciary
444:Executive
347:Adhocracy
230:Theocracy
185:Feudalism
165:Democracy
2734:20049963
1989:See also
1982:identity
1977:populist
1950:Trumpism
1701:(CDC));
1537:Putinism
1517:Putinism
1363:populist
1349:populist
1345:Italexit
1287:and his
1035:Gaullist
1008:centrist
811:Identity
798:Example
792:Equality
572:Ideology
390:doctrine
351:Service
215:Republic
200:Monarchy
180:Federacy
69:Category
49:Politics
1832:In the
1802:removed
1787:sources
1733:), the
1709:(CUP).
1432:Romania
1426:Romania
1279:Hungary
1144:Germany
1138:Germany
934:(which
883:removed
868:sources
776:Protest
577:Culture
487:Country
145:Anarchy
59:Outline
2804:
2732:
2652:
2607:
2516:
2487:
2460:
2431:
2380:
2323:
2269:
2259:
2201:
2094:
1868:Quebec
1850:Canada
1838:Quebec
1762:Canada
1569:Serbia
1563:Serbia
1527:, the
1500:Russia
1313:League
1289:Fidesz
1194:Greece
1188:Greece
1000:France
984:France
940:France
915:Europe
654:French
652:(from
537:voting
479:Polity
377:Policy
356:Public
270:theory
2802:S2CID
2730:JSTOR
2541:(PDF)
2429:S2CID
2378:JSTOR
2321:S2CID
2301:(PDF)
2267:S2CID
2199:S2CID
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1639:Spain
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1306:Italy
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483:State
360:Civil
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