318:
altitudes and basic physics, it is known that the other K Project nuclear detonation locations were along the designated flight path between the K-3 detonation site and
Saryshagan (at the eastern end of the designated flight path). The instrumented telephone line damaged in the K-3 test went from Zhezqazghan through Qaraghandy (Karaganda), northward to Aqmola (now called Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan) and ended at an unknown location just north of Aqmola.
310:
317:
site east of
Volgograd (formerly Stalingrad) in the upper left part of the map. The red burst in the flight path west of Zhezqazghan is the detonation location of the K-3 nuclear test (Test 184). The detonation locations for the other tests have not been publicized, but from the published detonation
986:
To convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day.
977:
followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 – 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known.
1000:
Rough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough
1010:
Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the
976:
The US, France and Great
Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions – Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash
342:
After the 1991 Soviet Union collapse, there was a period of a few years of cooperation between United States and
Russian scientists on the high-altitude nuclear EMP phenomenon. In addition, funding was secured to enable Russian scientists to formally report on some of the Soviet EMP results in
361:
Published reports, including the 1998 IEEE article, have stated that there were significant problems with ceramic insulators on overhead electrical power lines during the tests of the K Project. In 2010, a technical report written for a United States government laboratory, Oak Ridge
National
346:
The 1998 IEEE article, however, does contain a number of details about the measurements of EMP effects on the instrumented 570 km (350 mi) telephone line, including details about the fuses that were used and also about the gas-filled overvoltage protectors that were used on that
282:
protectors. The EMP from the 22 October (K-3) nuclear test caused all of the fuses to blow and all of the overvoltage protectors to fire in all of the sub-lines of the 570 km (350 mi) telephone line. The EMP from the same test caused the destruction of the
737:
Exploded short of target above Sary Shagan, west of
Dzhezkazgan (or Zhezqazghan). EMP ran to thousands of amps, damaged at least 570 km of telephone lines, 1000 km of buried power lines, and caused the destruction of the Karaganda power plant.
347:
communications line. According to that paper, the gas-filled overvoltage protectors fired as a result of the voltages induced by the fast E1 component of the EMP, and the fuses were blown as the result of the slow E3 component of the EMP, which caused
1028:. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.
626:
Unknown where K1 detonated except it was along a line from K3 explosion to a point high above Sary Shagan, the missile target point. Effects on System A prototype ABM. The CIA says Joe 105 was on 10/21, hence the number, but apparently is in error.
1217:
Loborev, Vladimir M. "Up to Date State of the NEMP Problems and
Topical Research Directions," Electromagnetic Environments and Consequences: Proceedings of the EUROEM 94 International Symposium, Bordeaux, France, 30 May – 3 June 1994, pp.
258:
The Soviet scientists instrumented a 570-kilometer (350 mi) section of telephone line in the area that they expected to be affected by the nuclear detonation in order to measure the electromagnetic pulse effects. The
1106:
Greetsai, Vasily N.; Kozlovsky, A.H.; Kuvshinnikov, V.M.; Loborev, V.M.; Parfenov, Y.V.; Tarasov, O.A.; Zdoukhov, L.N. (November 1998). "Response of Long Lines to
Nuclear High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP)".
529:
First Soviet space test. Unknown where K2 detonated except it was along a line from K3 explosion to a point high above Sary Shagan, the missile target point. Effects on System A prototype ABM.
343:
international scientific journals. As a result, formal scientific documentation of some of the EMP damage in
Kazakhstan exists but is still sparse in the open scientific literature.
1229:
1037:
Includes weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down.
871:
757:
646:
542:
433:
331:
test of 1962, the damage caused by the resulting EMP was much greater because the K Project tests were done over a large populated land mass, and at a location where the
20:
799:
688:
362:
Laboratory, stated, "Power line insulators were damaged, resulting in a short circuit on the line and some lines detaching from the poles and falling to the ground."
913:
1588:
475:
1439:
Haave, C. R.; Zmuda, A. J.; Shaw, B. W. (1965). "Very low-frequency phase perturbations and the Soviet high-altitude nuclear bursts of
October 22 and 28, 1962".
584:
267:
during the 22 October 1962 test. The monitored telephone line was divided into sub-lines of 40 to 80 kilometres (25 to 50 mi) in length, separated by
313:
This map of Kazakhstan shows the missile flight path (in blue) for the K Project warhead-carrying missiles. The nuclear missiles were launched from the
1492:
Zmuda, A. J.; Haave, C. R.; Shaw, B. W. (1966). "VLF phase perturbations produced by the Soviet high-altitude nuclear explosion of November 1, 1962".
1533:
1578:
1015:. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together.
1573:
1568:
1231:
The Early-Time (E1) High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) and Its Impact on the U.S. Power Grid." Section 3 – E1 HEMP History
962:
Unknown where K5 detonated except it was along a line from K3 explosion to a point high above Sary Shagan, the missile target point.
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1395:
1328:
1176:
1242:
1202:
348:
131:
1025:
1288:
1238:
240:
336:
1563:
1558:
1297:
288:
158:
387:
153:
26:
332:
206:
202:
115:
110:
1024:
Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the
148:
263:(EMP) fused all of the 570-kilometer monitored overhead telephone line with measured currents of 1500 to 3400
1425:
USSR Nuclear Tests, Hydronuclear Experiments, Plutonium Inventory (Report). Sarov, Russia: RFNC-VNIIEF. 1998.
1583:
303:
183:
327:
Although the weapons used in the K Project were much smaller (up to 300 kilotons) than the United States
260:
1171:. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, Committee on Environmental Policy. 2000. p. 78.
1501:
1448:
403:
244:
1391:
1381:
1324:
1321:
The Kremlin's Nuclear Sword: The Rise and Fall of Russia's Strategic Nuclear Forces, 1945–2000
1172:
848:
Unknown where K4 detonated except it was along a line from K3 explosion to a point high above
272:
143:
212:
The K project nuclear testing series were all high altitude tests fired by missiles from the
1509:
1456:
1116:
174:
339:, the level of this damage was communicated informally to scientists in the United States.
1206:
1163:
276:
1198:
Pfeffer, Robert and Shaeffer, D. Lynn. Combating WMD Journal, (2009) Issue 3. pp. 33-38.
1505:
1452:
1199:
1047:
375:
358:) to Almaty buried power cable was also shut down by the slow E3 component of the EMP.
328:
248:
94:
255:(also called Dzhezkazgan or Zhezqazghan) at an altitude of 290 km (180 mi).
1527:
191:
306:
was passed the following year, ending atmospheric and exoatmospheric nuclear tests.
1143:"US-Russian meeting – HEMP effects on national power grid & telecommunications"
1142:
1050:. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie).
314:
213:
198:
48:
231:
tested in 1961. The remaining three tests were of 300 kiloton warheads in 1962.
1352:
988:
849:
279:
221:
929:
915:
887:
873:
815:
801:
773:
759:
704:
690:
662:
648:
600:
586:
558:
544:
491:
477:
449:
435:
1513:
1477:
Cochran, Thomas B.; Arkin, William M.; Norris, Robert S.; Sands, Jeffrey I.
1460:
1387:
392:
382:
284:
252:
58:
287:
power plant, and shut down 1,000 km (620 mi) of shallow-buried
268:
228:
1120:
355:
296:
292:
264:
217:
309:
308:
1266:
129:
Map all coordinates in "Soviet Project K nuclear tests" using
239:
The worst effects of a Soviet high altitude test were from the
1165:
Environmental Performance Reviews: Kazakhstan. (First Review.)
1296:(Technical report). National Intelligence Estimate 11-2A-62.
1080:
Yang, Xiaoping; North, Robert; Romney, Carl (August 2000).
1479:
Nuclear Weapons Databook Vol. IV: Soviet Nuclear Weapons
1200:"A Russian Assessment of Several USSR and US HEMP Tests"
1011:
height is absolute or relative to ground, for example,
366:
Soviet Union's K project series tests and detonations
188:
1001:
location, shared with other tests in that same area.
243:of the nuclear test on 22 October 1962 (during the
224:toward the Sary Shagan test range (see map below).
101:
89:
81:
73:
65:
54:
44:
39:
34:
1109:IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility
247:). In that Operation K high altitude test, a 300
1323:. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
201:conducted in 1961–1962. These tests followed the
21:List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union
85:dry surface, space rocket (> 80 km)
25:"K Project" redirects here. For other uses, see
1084:(Technical report). SMDC Monitoring Research.
8:
987:Historical time zone data obtained from the
171:Soviet Union's K project nuclear test series
1082:CMR Nuclear Explosion Database (Revision 3)
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
364:
1434:
1432:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
16:1961–1962 series of Soviet weaponry tests
1472:
1470:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1063:
969:
539:Launch from Kapustin Yar, Astrakhan: 3
430:Launch from Kapustin Yar, Astrakhan: 1
410:
407:
1589:Exoatmospheric nuclear weapons testing
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
910:Detonation over Karagandy, Kazakhstan
796:Detonation over Karagandy, Kazakhstan
685:Detonation over Karagandy, Kazakhstan
581:Detonation over Karagandy, Kazakhstan
472:Detonation over Karagandy, Kazakhstan
31:
1228:Metatech Corporation (January 2010).
7:
1141:Seguine, Howard (17 February 1995).
908:, elv: 0 + 0 m (0 + 0 ft);
868:Launch from Kapustin Yar, Astrakhan
841:space rocket (> 80 km),
794:, elv: 0 + 0 m (0 + 0 ft);
754:Launch from Kapustin Yar, Astrakhan
683:, elv: 0 + 0 m (0 + 0 ft);
643:Launch from Kapustin Yar, Astrakhan
579:, elv: 0 + 0 m (0 + 0 ft);
517:space rocket (> 80 km),
470:, elv: 0 + 0 m (0 + 0 ft);
727:N/A + 290 kilometres (180 mi)
623:N/A + 300 kilometres (190 mi)
514:N/A + 180 kilometres (110 mi)
271:. Each sub-line was protected by
838:N/A + 150 kilometres (93 mi)
251:missile-warhead detonated west of
227:Two of the tests were 1.2 kiloton
14:
952:N/A + 59 kilometres (37 mi)
1383:Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces
349:geomagnetically induced currents
1494:Journal of Geophysical Research
1481:. New York, NY: Harper and Row.
1441:Journal of Geophysical Research
1267:"Time Zone Historical Database"
1237:. Vol. Report Meta-R-320.
1026:Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
1534:Soviet nuclear weapons testing
1:
1239:Oak Ridge National Laboratory
1579:November 1962 events in Asia
1290:Soviet Atomic Energy Program
1048:tons, kilotons, and megatons
852:, the missile target point.
337:collapse of the Soviet Union
1574:October 1962 events in Asia
1569:October 1961 events in Asia
1380:Podvig, Pavel, ed. (2001).
1298:Central Intelligence Agency
189:
159:GPX (secondary coordinates)
1605:
1319:Zaloga, Steven J. (2002).
1046:Estimated energy yield in
27:K Project (disambiguation)
24:
18:
729:
526:
521:
516:
425:
420:
351:in all of the sub-lines.
295:(then called Aqmola) and
207:1962 Soviet nuclear tests
203:1961 Soviet nuclear tests
178:
154:GPX (primary coordinates)
116:1962 Soviet nuclear tests
111:1961 Soviet nuclear tests
106:
1554:1962 in military history
1549:1961 in military history
1544:1962 in the Soviet Union
1539:1961 in the Soviet Union
299:(then called Alma-Ata).
205:series and preceded the
137:Download coordinates as:
1514:10.1029/jz071i003p00899
1461:10.1029/jz070i017p04191
989:IANA time zone database
899:Launch_195 K5 (Joe 168)
785:Launch_187 K4 (Joe 160)
674:Launch_184 K3 (Joe 157)
570:Launch_128 K1 (Joe 105)
461:Launch_127 K2 (Joe 109)
335:was greater. After the
304:Partial Test Ban Treaty
333:Earth's magnetic field
319:
197:) was a group of five
102:Test series chronology
1150:memorandum for record
888:48.56956°N 45.90346°E
816:46.72983°N 71.56304°E
774:48.56956°N 45.90346°E
705:47.76469°N 63.95136°E
663:48.56956°N 45.90346°E
559:48.56956°N 45.90346°E
450:48.56956°N 45.90346°E
312:
261:electromagnetic pulse
241:electromagnetic pulse
235:Electromagnetic pulse
149:GPX (all coordinates)
957:weapons development
930:46.3298°N 72.77929°E
843:weapons development
245:Cuban Missile Crisis
1506:1966JGR....71..899Z
1453:1965JGR....70.4191H
1351:Emanuelson, Jerry.
925: /
883: /
811: /
769: /
700: /
658: /
596: /
554: /
487: /
445: /
367:
1564:Explosions in 1962
1559:Explosions in 1961
1205:2013-12-30 at the
893:48.56956; 45.90346
821:46.72983; 71.56304
779:48.56956; 45.90346
710:47.76469; 63.95136
668:48.56956; 45.90346
564:48.56956; 45.90346
455:48.56956; 45.90346
365:
320:
1447:(17): 4191–4206.
1386:. Cambridge, MA:
1121:10.1109/15.736221
966:
965:
935:46.3298; 72.77929
492:46.408°N 72.237°E
426:ALMT (6 hrs)
187:
124:
123:
95:kilotonnes of TNT
1596:
1518:
1517:
1489:
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1436:
1427:
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1285:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1263:
1257:
1256:
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1253:
1247:
1241:. Archived from
1236:
1225:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1170:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1147:
1138:
1125:
1124:
1103:
1086:
1085:
1077:
1051:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1029:
1022:
1016:
1008:
1002:
998:
992:
984:
978:
974:
949:
948:
946:
945:
944:
942:
941:195 K5 (Joe 168)
937:
936:
931:
926:
923:
922:
921:
918:
907:
906:
904:
903:
902:
900:
895:
894:
889:
884:
881:
880:
879:
876:
864:
858:195 K5 (Joe 168)
835:
834:
832:
831:
830:
828:
827:187 K4 (Joe 160)
823:
822:
817:
812:
809:
808:
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804:
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792:
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789:
788:
786:
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766:
765:
762:
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744:187 K4 (Joe 160)
732:
724:
723:
721:
720:
719:
717:
716:184 K3 (Joe 157)
712:
711:
706:
701:
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682:
681:
679:
678:
677:
675:
670:
669:
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655:
654:
651:
639:
633:184 K3 (Joe 157)
620:
619:
617:
616:
615:
613:
612:128 K1 (Joe 105)
608:
607:
602:
597:
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593:
592:
589:
578:
577:
575:
574:
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571:
566:
565:
560:
555:
552:
551:
550:
547:
535:128 K1 (Joe 105)
524:
511:
510:
508:
507:
506:
504:
503:127 K2 (Joe 109)
499:
498:
493:
488:
485:
484:
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469:
468:
466:
465:
464:
462:
457:
456:
451:
446:
443:
442:
441:
438:
423:
417:127 K2 (Joe 109)
368:
354:The Aqmola (now
196:
182:
180:
32:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1595:
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1524:
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1522:
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1398:
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1234:
1227:
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1207:Wayback Machine
1197:
1193:
1183:
1181:
1179:
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1162:
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1128:
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863:1 November 1962
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749:28 October 1962
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638:22 October 1962
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422:27 October 1961
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237:
220:across central
216:launch site in
167:
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120:
119:
113:
97:(1,300 TJ)
90:Max. yield
74:Number of tests
30:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1584:Energy weapons
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1520:
1519:
1500:(3): 899–910.
1484:
1466:
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1410:
1396:
1365:
1336:
1329:
1311:
1300:. May 16, 1962
1280:
1258:
1220:
1210:
1191:
1177:
1155:
1126:
1115:(4): 348–354.
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1062:
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519:weapon effect
515:
512:
497:46.408; 72.237
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329:Starfish Prime
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1358:December 13,
1356:. Retrieved
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214:Kapustin Yar
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190:Operatsiya "
179:Операция «К»
170:
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61:, Kazakhstan
49:Soviet Union
933: /
891: /
850:Sary Shagan
819: /
777: /
731:300 kt
708: /
666: /
604: /
562: /
523:1.2 kt
495: /
453: /
408:References
374:Date time (
280:overvoltage
40:Information
1528:Categories
1403:January 9,
1353:"Test 184"
1269:. iana.com
1252:2017-12-06
1184:31 January
1058:References
939: (
920:72°46′45″E
917:46°19′47″N
897: (
878:45°54′12″E
875:48°34′10″N
825: (
806:71°33′47″E
803:46°43′47″N
783: (
764:45°54′12″E
761:48°34′10″N
714: (
695:63°57′05″E
692:47°45′53″N
672: (
653:45°54′12″E
650:48°34′10″N
610: (
606:46.7; 69.6
568: (
549:45°54′12″E
546:48°34′10″N
501: (
482:72°14′13″E
479:46°24′29″N
459: (
440:45°54′12″E
437:48°34′10″N
398:Delivery,
395:+ height
277:gas-filled
222:Kazakhstan
19:See also:
1388:MIT Press
400:Purpose
393:Elevation
383:time zone
285:Karaganda
269:repeaters
253:Jezkazgan
184:romanized
82:Test type
69:1961–1962
59:Karaganda
55:Test site
35:K project
1304:March 1,
1273:March 8,
1203:Archived
865:09:12:??
751:04:41:20
640:03:40:45
388:Location
291:between
229:warheads
209:series.
1502:Bibcode
1449:Bibcode
591:69°36′E
588:46°42′N
275:and by
265:amperes
249:kiloton
186::
175:Russian
45:Country
1394:
1327:
1175:
411:Notes
381:Local
371:Name
356:Astana
297:Almaty
293:Astana
218:Russia
66:Period
1294:(PDF)
1246:(PDF)
1235:(PDF)
1218:15–21
1169:(PDF)
1146:(TXT)
404:Yield
273:fuses
1405:2014
1392:ISBN
1360:2013
1325:ISBN
1306:2015
1275:2014
1186:2010
1173:ISBN
302:The
169:The
93:300
1510:doi
1457:doi
1117:doi
144:KML
1530::
1508:.
1498:71
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1469:^
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1113:40
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376:UT
192:Ka
181:,
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77:5
29:.
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