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278:. They can silently heat larger rooms, but take longer to heat up. Like infrared models, they lack a fan, but circulate heat according to a room's air patterns, which is why it may take longer for a user to discern a difference in temperature. By the mid-2010s, some higher-end models included more precise controls.
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filaments in sealed quartz envelopes, mounted in front of a metal reflector in a plastic case. They operate at a higher temperature than nichrome-wire heaters but not as high as incandescent light bulbs, radiating primarily in the infrared spectrum. They convert up to 86 percent of their input power
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New York City law regulates the safety of space heaters. Space heaters for sale in the city must have a thermostat to control temperature, an automatic shut-off feature if the heater tips over or overheats, and must be certified and labeled by a nationally approved organization or laboratory.
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Forced convection heaters utilize a device like a fan to generate air flow and spread heat at a faster rate. Sometimes called "fan heaters," these are often cheap but lack in efficiency and versatility.
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The risk of fire (and burns) is sometimes less with oil-filled heaters than those with fans, but some fan-assisted heaters have a lower risk of fire (and burns) than other oil-filled heaters.
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transfer heat to directly to bodies in front of them via thermal radiation. Thermal radiation is a process by which objects at a high temperature emit heat in the form of
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are the main risks of space heaters. About 25,000 fires are caused by space heaters in the United States each year, resulting in about 300 deaths. Roughly 6,000 hospital
434:
had
Specification W-H-193 for electric space heaters, it was replaced in 1995 by the UL standards. Additional information on portable-heater safety may be found at the
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convert chemical energy into heat through combustion of a fuel. These heaters often do not require electricity to function and can therefore be used off-the-grid.
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430:' UL 1278 (for portable electric space heaters) and UL 1042 standards (for portable and fixed baseboard electric heaters) certify heater safety. Although the
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The power source used in a radiant heater depends on the resources that are available. Most space heaters are either powered by electricity or combustion.
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Turning off the heater when the last adult leaves the room or goes to sleep and keeping children and pets three feet away from the heater.
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Keeping flammable materials, such as paper, plastics, curtains, furniture, and bedding, at least 3 feet (0.91 m) away from the heater.
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No one type of heater is safer than any other type. The risk of fire and burns can vary, depending on model and manufacturer.
311:. Heating elements come in many different geometries and styles and can be used in either convective or radiant space heaters.
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All space heaters transfer heat to their environment via some combination of the three fundamental modes of heat transfer:
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Plugging space heaters directly into a wall outlet and not an extension cord (except for heavy duty extension cords (14-
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utilize convection to transfer heat from the power source to a space. These heaters typically either rely on
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is a device used to heat a single, small- to medium-sized area. This type of heater can be contrasted with
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2008 ASHRAE Handbook – Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning
Systems and Equipment (I-P Edition)
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American
Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 2008, Electronic
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173:. Typically heaters are designed with either convection or radiation as the sole dominant mode.
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Inspecting plugs and cords periodically for cracks or damage, and replacing them if needed.
227:. These heaters are often designed such that the frequency of the emitted waves are in the
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is a phenomenon where temperature variations in an environment generate fluid flow.
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795:"UL 1278, Standard for Movable and Wall- or Ceiling-Hung Electric Room Heaters"
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Avoiding the use of heaters near flammable materials such as paint or gasoline.
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wire or larger) or relocatable power tap, as they can overheat and cause fires.
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Improper use can increase the risk of fire and burns. Safe operation includes:
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visits annually in the US are caused by space heaters, mainly from burns.
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The materials used in radiant heaters can vary. Halogen heaters have
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has evaluated a number of space heaters, but none have received its
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675:"Space heaters involved in 79 percent of fatal home heating fires"
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Household appliance that heats a single room or other small area
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247:, losing the remainder to conductive and convective heat.
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Placing heaters on a flat, hard, nonflammable surface.
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convert electricity into heat through the process of
307:. The main component of these heaters is called the
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56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
816:"UL 1042, Electric Baseboard Heating Equipment"
837:"W-H-193D, Heater, Space, Electric (Portable)"
835:General Services Administration (1977-09-13).
953:
704:"Residential Energy Efficiency Space Heaters"
148:, which distributes heat to multiple areas.
8:
1720:High efficiency glandless circulating pump
969:Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
960:
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116:Learn how and when to remove this message
2154:Mold growth, assessment, and remediation
814:Underwriters Laboratories (2009-08-31).
793:Underwriters Laboratories (2000-06-21).
708:Missouri Department of Natural Resources
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878:"Electric Space Heater Sale Complaint"
2027:Programmable communicating thermostat
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2149:Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing
651:"Why Space Heaters Need Their Space"
597:
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457:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
251:Mixed convective and radiant heaters
54:adding citations to reliable sources
856:Department of Energy (2011-02-09).
2010:Minimum efficiency reporting value
631:United States Department of Energy
14:
2052:Standard temperature and pressure
1765:Packaged terminal air conditioner
1301:Passive daytime radiative cooling
1030:Heat pump and refrigeration cycle
901:Environmental Protection Agency.
1121:Absorption-compression heat pump
925:
604:"What Are Oil-Filled Radiators?"
513:"the definition of space heater"
332:electric infrared radiant heater
30:
2016:Normal temperature and pressure
1396:Vapor-compression refrigeration
679:National Fire Protection Agency
432:General Services Administration
41:needs additional citations for
2343:Residential heating appliances
157:Dominant mode of heat transfer
1:
2164:Testing, adjusting, balancing
2108:Building information modeling
2103:Building services engineering
1680:Ground-coupled heat exchanger
1208:Demand controlled ventilation
1156:Building insulation materials
270:Oil heaters transfer heat by
259:Oil heaters transfer heat by
1725:High-pressure cut-off switch
1276:Ice storage air conditioning
1197:Dedicated outdoor air system
681:. 2019-02-11. Archived from
539:Tedeschi, Bob (2015-02-25).
400:Installing smoke alarms and
2068:Thermostatic radiator valve
1870:Thermostatic radiator valve
1381:Underfloor air distribution
1316:Radiant heating and cooling
1234:Energy recovery ventilation
1146:Automobile air conditioning
1010:Domestic energy consumption
438:Energy Efficiency website.
347:tubing for infrared heating
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2217:Institute of Refrigeration
2098:Architectural technologist
1570:Electrostatic precipitator
734:New Fix-it-yourself Manual
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213:
180:
18:
2270:Volatile organic compound
2129:Environmental engineering
2093:Architectural engineering
1895:Ultra-low particulate air
1480:Automatic balancing valve
1408:Variable refrigerant flow
1260:Heat recovery ventilation
1203:Deep water source cooling
428:Underwriters Laboratories
402:carbon monoxide detectors
358:carbon monoxide poisoning
343:quartz space heater uses
2317:Template:Home automation
2139:Kitchen exhaust cleaning
1835:Solar-assisted heat pump
1435:Air conditioner inverter
1214:Displacement ventilation
1105:Vapour pressure of water
1090:Thermal destratification
320:Combustion space heaters
233:electromagnetic spectrum
188:Convective space heaters
2312:World Refrigeration Day
2159:Refrigerant reclamation
2088:Architectural acoustics
2032:Programmable thermostat
1964:Clean air delivery rate
1860:Thermal expansion valve
1775:Pressurisation ductwork
1685:Ground source heat pump
1126:Absorption refrigerator
2302:Glossary of HVAC terms
2264:Sick building syndrome
2144:Mechanical engineering
1855:Smoke exhaust ductwork
1286:Mixed-mode ventilation
770:"Space Heater Ratings"
541:"Space Heater Reviews"
436:Department of Energy's
426:In the United States,
348:
333:
301:Electric space heaters
267:
137:
2322:Template:Solar energy
2000:Intelligent buildings
1959:Carbon dioxide sensor
1346:Room air distribution
1166:Central solar heating
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328:
258:
225:electromagnetic waves
221:Radiant space heaters
131:
2124:Duct leakage testing
2114:Deep energy retrofit
2058:Thermographic camera
1995:Infrared thermometer
1470:Air source heat pump
1419:Water heat recycling
985:Air changes per hour
934:at Wikimedia Commons
561:on February 27, 2015
362:emergency department
50:improve this article
21:Space Heater (album)
1990:HVAC control system
1980:Home energy monitor
1954:Building automation
1740:Inverter compressor
1402:Variable air volume
1311:Passive ventilation
1281:Kitchen ventilation
1181:Constant air volume
1151:Autonomous building
745:Association. 2009.
743:The Reader's Digest
589:, table 2 page 15.3
19:For the album, see
2253:Indoor air quality
2197:ASTM International
2134:Hydronic balancing
1911:Wood-burning stove
1790:Radiator reflector
1575:Evaporative cooler
1386:Underfloor heating
1371:Thermal insulation
858:"Portable Heaters"
627:"Portable Heaters"
546:The New York Times
349:
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200:Natural convection
177:Convective heaters
138:
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2246:Health and safety
1825:Scroll compressor
1780:Process duct work
1535:Convection heater
1530:Condensing boiler
1460:Air-mixing plenum
1356:Solar combisystem
1192:Cross ventilation
995:Building envelope
930:Media related to
739:Pleasantville, NY
587:978-1-60119-795-5
493:Solar combisystem
356:Fire, burns, and
183:Convection heater
126:
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2292:Building science
2047:Smart thermostat
2042:Room temperature
1625:Fireplace insert
1331:Radon mitigation
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1224:District heating
1219:District cooling
1136:Air conditioning
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1735:Infrared heater
1665:Gasoline heater
1605:Fan filter unit
1520:Condensate pump
1505:Centrifugal fan
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1321:Radiant cooling
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1161:Central heating
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2119:Duct cleaning
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1970:Control valve
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1890:Turning vanes
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1865:Thermal wheel
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1830:Solar chimney
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1545:Cooling tower
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1391:Vapor barrier
1389:
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1379:
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1369:
1367:
1366:Solar heating
1364:
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1361:Solar cooling
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1336:Refrigeration
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1306:Passive house
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1201:
1198:
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1176:Chilled water
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1078:
1076:
1075:Sensible heat
1073:
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1068:
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1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1055:Noise control
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1035:Heat transfer
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
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1016:
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1008:
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1001:
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974:
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963:
958:
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949:
944:
943:
940:
933:
932:Space heaters
928:
924:
923:
919:
904:
897:
894:
883:
879:
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771:
765:
763:
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748:
744:
740:
736:
735:
728:
725:
714:on 2004-01-28
713:
709:
705:
699:
696:
685:on 2019-02-26
684:
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363:
359:
351:
346:
342:
338:
331:
327:
323:
321:
314:
312:
310:
306:
305:Joule heating
302:
297:
289:
287:
281:
279:
277:
273:
266:
262:
257:
250:
248:
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241:
236:
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217:
209:
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201:
197:
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176:
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172:
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156:
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149:
147:
143:
135:
130:
120:
117:
109:
106:February 2022
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
2297:Fireproofing
2081:and services
2077:Professions,
1975:Gas detector
1875:Trickle vent
1850:Smoke damper
1845:Smoke canopy
1840:Space heater
1839:
1770:Plenum space
1705:Heating film
1585:Exhaust hood
1555:Dehumidifier
1495:Blast damper
1490:Barrier pipe
1465:Air purifier
1376:Thermosiphon
1255:Free cooling
1171:Chilled beam
1095:Thermal mass
1080:Stack effect
1065:Particulates
1045:Infiltration
976:Fundamental
906:. Retrieved
896:
885:. Retrieved
872:
861:. Retrieved
851:
840:. Retrieved
830:
819:. Retrieved
809:
798:. Retrieved
788:
777:. Retrieved
773:
733:
727:
716:. Retrieved
712:the original
707:
698:
687:. Retrieved
683:the original
678:
669:
658:. Retrieved
654:
645:
634:. Retrieved
630:
607:. Retrieved
578:
574:
563:. Retrieved
559:the original
544:
520:. Retrieved
516:
507:
454:
445:
425:
417:
410:
407:
373:
366:
355:
319:
318:
300:
299:
285:
269:
237:
231:part of the
220:
219:
204:
198:convection.
195:
191:
187:
186:
160:
142:space heater
141:
139:
136:space heater
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
2307:Warm Spaces
1949:Blower door
1927:and control
1925:Measurement
1906:Windcatcher
1880:Trombe wall
1820:Sail switch
1800:Refrigerant
1795:Recuperator
1670:Grease duct
1630:Freeze stat
1615:Fire damper
1485:Back boiler
1455:Air ionizer
1450:Air handler
1414:Ventilation
1266:Hybrid heat
1131:Air barrier
1050:Latent heat
461:Energy Star
442:Legislation
290:Electricity
2063:Thermostat
1985:Humidistat
1916:Zone valve
1885:TurboSwing
1760:Oil heater
1730:Humidifier
1660:Gas heater
1610:Fan heater
1580:Evaporator
1565:Economizer
1540:Compressor
1445:Air filter
1428:Components
1245:Forced-air
1141:Antifreeze
1114:Technology
1060:Outgassing
1000:Convection
908:2011-10-29
887:2023-09-24
863:2011-10-29
842:2011-10-29
821:2011-10-29
800:2011-10-29
779:2017-10-19
718:2015-03-07
689:2017-10-19
660:2017-10-19
636:2017-10-19
609:2023-08-24
565:2018-01-16
522:2017-03-13
499:References
451:Efficiency
315:Combustion
272:convection
261:convection
171:conduction
163:convection
76:newspapers
2173:Industry
2022:OpenTherm
1700:Heat pump
1695:Heat pipe
1645:Fume hood
1620:Fireplace
1525:Condenser
1475:Attic fan
1271:Hydronics
555:0362-4331
330:Honeywell
276:radiation
265:radiation
167:radiation
132:Electric
2337:Category
2280:See also
2005:LonWorks
1939:Aquastat
1805:Register
1785:Radiator
1440:Air door
1240:Firestop
1040:Humidity
1015:Enthalpy
1005:Dilution
990:Bake-out
978:concepts
488:Radiator
467:See also
414:Features
240:tungsten
229:infrared
134:infrared
2079:trades,
1650:Furnace
1515:Chiller
1187:Coolant
882:NYC 311
463:label.
404:nearby.
341:Sunbeam
192:natural
90:scholar
2232:SMACNA
2192:ASHRAE
2012:(MERV)
1966:(CADR)
1944:BACnet
1897:(ULPA)
1750:Louver
1675:Grille
1550:Damper
1500:Boiler
1398:(VCRS)
1199:(DOAS)
749:
585:
553:
352:Safety
345:quartz
196:forced
169:, and
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
2272:(VOC)
2266:(SBS)
2255:(IAQ)
2212:CIBSE
2207:BSRIA
2110:(BIM)
2054:(STP)
2018:(NTP)
1640:Freon
1410:(VRF)
1404:(VAV)
1262:(HRV)
1236:(ERV)
1210:(DCV)
1183:(CAV)
380:gauge
152:Types
97:JSTOR
83:books
2227:LEED
2187:AMCA
2182:AHRI
1715:HEPA
1635:Flue
1560:Duct
747:ISBN
583:ISBN
551:ISSN
455:The
274:and
263:and
69:news
2237:UMC
2222:IIR
2202:BRE
1595:Fan
243:to
194:or
52:by
2339::
880:.
772:.
761:^
741::
737:.
706:.
677:.
653:.
629:.
618:^
594:^
549:.
543:.
531:^
515:.
235:.
165:,
140:A
961:e
954:t
947:v
911:.
890:.
866:.
845:.
824:.
803:.
782:.
755:.
721:.
692:.
663:.
639:.
612:.
568:.
525:.
119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
