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work horse for theories and empirical models in many fields of political science research, such as the equilibrium analysis in mass elections ... the estimation of legislators' ideal points ... and the study of voting behavior. ... Its generalization to the multidimensional policy space, the
Weighted
255:
the underlying political landscapes ... are inherently multidimensional and cannot be reduced to a single left-right dimension, or even to a two-dimensional space. ... From this representation, lower-dimensional projections can be considered which help with the visualization of the political space
111:
developed several models for generating rated ballots, and recommend the spatial model as the most realistic. (Their empirical evaluation was based on two elections, the 2009 European
Election Survey of 8 candidates by 972 voters, and the
256:
as resulting from an aggregation of voters' preferences. ... Even though the method aims to obtain a representation with as few dimensions as possible, we still obtain representations with four dimensions or more.
70:, such as the traditional left-right axis, but issue spaces can be more complex. For example, a study of German voters found at least four dimensions were required to adequately represent all political parties.
305:
Since our model is multi-dimensional, we can incorporate all criteria which we normally associate with a citizen's voting decision process — issues, style, partisan identification, and the like.
348:
Euclidean
Distance (WED) model ... forms the stable theoretical foundation upon which nearly all present variations, extensions, and applications of multidimensional spatial voting rest.
104:
surveys, with 759 to 2,521 "voters.") A previous study by the same authors had found similar results, comparing 6 different models to the ANES data.
359:
If voter preferences have more than one peak along a dimension, it needs to be decomposed into multiple dimensions that each only have a single peak.
271:
Davis, Otto A.; Hinich, Melvin J.; Ordeshook, Peter C. (1970-01-01). "An
Expository Development of a Mathematical Model of the Electoral Process".
93:
election data. (Their real-world data was 883 three-candidate elections of 350 to 1,957 voters, extracted from 84 ranked-ballot elections of the
390:
411:
Rolland, Antoine; Aubin, Jean-Baptiste; Gannaz, Irène; Leoni, Samuela (2021-04-15). "A Note on Data
Simulations for Voting by Evaluation".
537:
98:
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in this space, and preferring candidates closer to this point over those who are further away; these kinds of preferences are called
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A study of three-candidate elections analyzed 12 different models of voter behavior, including several variations of the
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The spatial theory of elections: an analysis of voters' predictive dimensions and recovery of the underlying issue space
160:
317:
Stoetzer, Lukas F.; Zittlau, Steffen (2015-07-01). "Multidimensional
Spatial Voting with Non-separable Preferences".
55:), where each axis represents an attribute of the candidate that voters care about. Voters are modeled as having an
77:. It can also represent to non-ideological properties of the candidates, such as their age, experience, or health.
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Bouveret, Sylvain; Blanch, Renaud; Baujard, Antoinette; Durand, François; Igersheim, Herrade; Lang, Jérôme;
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Besides ideology, a dimension can represent any attribute of the candidates, such as their views on
157:- a model that demonstrates consumer preference for particular brands of goods and their locations.
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Egmond, Marcel Van; Brug, Wouter Van Der; Hobolt, Sara; Franklin, Mark; Sapir, Eliyahu V. (2013),
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44:
129:
186:"The Source of Election Results: An Empirical Analysis of Statistical Models of Voter Behavior"
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Tideman, T. Nicolaus; Plassmann, Florenz (2012), Felsenthal, Dan S.; Machover, Moshé (eds.),
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of voting behavior. It describes voters and candidates as varying along one or more
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model, and found the spatial model to be the most accurate to real-world
163:- another problem in which agents vote by reporting their ideal outcome.
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371:"Modeling the Outcomes of Vote-Casting in Actual Elections"
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Electoral
Systems: Paradoxes, Assumptions, and Procedures
466:; Laslier, Jean-François; Lebon, Isabelle (2018-07-25),
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The earliest roots of the model are the one-dimensional
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Alós-Ferrer, Carlos; Granić, Đura-Georg (2015-09-01).
435:
European
Parliament Election Study 2009, Voter Study
225:"Political space representations with approval data"
66:The most common example of a spatial model is a
97:, and 913 elections derived from the 1970–2004
120:, including 26,633 voters and 5 candidates.)
8:
184:Tideman, T; Plassmann, Florenz (June 2008).
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416:
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469:Voter Autrement 2017 - Online Experiment
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16:Model simulating voters in an election
273:The American Political Science Review
150:Issue voting § Models of issue voting
7:
502:(MS thesis). Iowa State University.
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99:American National Election Studies
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438:(in German), GESIS Data Archive,
118:2017 French presidential election
343:The spatial model of voting is
241:10.1016/j.electstud.2015.04.003
1:
68:political spectrum or compass
383:10.1007/978-3-642-20441-8_9
161:Budget-proposal aggregation
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538:Electoral system criteria
109:evaluative voting methods
509:10.31274/rtd-180813-7862
95:Electoral Reform Society
496:Tanner, Thomas (1994).
478:10.5281/zenodo.1199545
201:Cite journal requires
138:median voter theorem
75:one particular issue
25:social choice theory
543:Behavioral concepts
518:20.500.12876/70995
331:10.1093/pan/mpv013
319:Political Analysis
45:mathematical model
392:978-3-642-20441-8
229:Electoral Studies
102:thermometer scale
87:impartial culture
21:political science
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483:2021-11-13
449:2021-11-13
418:2104.07666
398:2021-11-13
168:References
53:dimensions
339:1047-1987
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140:of 1948.
144:See also
81:Accuracy
301:1161006
293:1953842
124:History
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297:S2CID
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