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251:, the axis of which passes through a center of the ring. The spindle is driven (usually at an angular velocity that is either constant or changes only slowly), and the traveller is dragged around a ring by the loop of yarn passing round it. If the drafting rollers were stationary, the angular velocity of the traveller would be the same as that of the spindle, and each revolution of the spindle would cause one turn of a twist to be inserted in the loop of yarn between the roller nip and the traveller. In spinning, however, the yarn is continually issuing from the rollers of the drafting system and, under these circumstances, the angular velocity of the traveller is less than that of the spindle by an amount that is just sufficient to allow the yarn to be wound onto the bobbin at the same rate as that at which it issues from the drafting rollers.
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396:, the roving is pulled off bobbins and sequentially fed through rollers operating at several different speeds, thinning the roving at a consistent rate. The yarn is twisted through the spinning of the bobbin as the carriage moves out, and is rolled onto a cop as the carriage returns. Mule spinning produces a finer thread than ring spinning. Spinning by the mule machine is an intermittent process as the frame advances and returns. It is the descendant of a device invented in 1779 by
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381:. In long staple spinning, the process may start with stretch-break of tow, a continuous "rope" of synthetic fiber. In open-end and air-jet spinning, the roving operation is eliminated. The spinning frame winds yarn around a bobbin. Generally, after this step the yarn is wound to a cone for knitting or weaving.
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the demand was greatly reduced by mechanization. Its technology was specialized and costly and employed water as motive power. Spinning and weaving as cottage industries were displaced by dedicated manufactories, developed by industrialists and their investors; the spinning and weaving industries,
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The origins of hand spinning fibers is unknown, but is believed to have originated separately in several cultures around the world long before the common era. The oldest known twisted fiber was found in southern France, and archaeologists believe it was created around 50,000-40,000 BCE. People are
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Each revolution of the traveller now inserts one turn of twist into the loop of yarn between the roller nip and the traveller but, in equilibrium, the number of turns of twist in the loop of yarn remains constant as the twisted yarn is passing through the traveller at a corresponding rate.
85:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
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was an important cottage industry in medieval Europe, where the wool spinners (most often women and children) would provide enough yarn to service the needs of the men who operated the looms or to sell on in the
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thought to have originally twisted fibers together by rolling them up the thigh or between the fingers, although soon a stick was used to maintain tension and hold the twist in the fibers.
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the colonies where the cotton was grown started to purchase and manufacture significant quantities of cotton spinning machinery. The next breakthrough was with the move over to
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is obtained. With the exception of silk, each of these fibres is short, only centimetres in length, and each has a rough surface that enables it to bond with similar staples.
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is blown by air into a rotor and attaches to the tail of formed yarn that is continually being drawn out of the chamber. Other methods of break spinning use needles and
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415:. Ring spinning is slow due to the distance the thread must pass around the ring. Similar methods have improved on this including flyer and bobbin and cap spinning.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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The processes to make short-staple yarn (typically spun from fibers from 1.9 to 5.1 centimetres (0.75 to 2.0 in)) are blending, opening,
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of 1769 and creates yarn in a continuous process. The yarn is coarser, has a greater twist, and is stronger, making it more suitable for
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once widespread, were concentrated where the sources of water, raw materials, and manpower were most readily available, particularly
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and triacetate), the polymer is contained in a solvent that evaporates in the heated exit chamber. In melt spinning (nylons and
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing German
Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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continue to be practiced as handicraft or hobby and enable wool or unusual vegetable and animal staples to be used.
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Artificial fibres can be processed as long fibres or batched and cut so they can be processed like a natural fibre.
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Artificial fibres are made by extruding a polymer through a spinneret into a medium where it hardens. Wet spinning (
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reached a high level around the 4th century BC. The export of textiles was one of the sources of wealth for Meroë.
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People eventually discovered that adding a weight to the stick, often made of stone, wood, or clay and known as a
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is one of the most common spinning methods in the world. Other systems include air-jet and
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Ancient Greek spindle whorls, 10th century BC, Kerameikos
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This article is about forming yarn from fibers. For forming fibers from a fluid, see
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The cultivation of cotton as well as the knowledge of its spinning and weaving in
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842:"World's oldest string of yarn shows Neanderthals were smarter than we thought"
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was very protective of the technology and restricted its export. After
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became the predominant spinning tool across Asia and Europe. The
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that is free to rotate around a ring, and then onto a tube or
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Textile manufacture during the
British Industrial Revolution
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to this template: there are already 1,848 articles in the
813:"Technological Evolution in Cotton Spinning, 1878â1933"
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179:(the most common form of rayon), animal fibers such as
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714:. London: The British Museum Press. p. 16.
1482:Textile manufacturing by pre-industrial methods
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120:accompanying your translation by providing an
69:Click for important translation instructions.
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643:. By then most production had moved to Asia.
513:The examples and perspective in this section
219:Traditional spinner in her family's house in
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27:Method of turning fiber into yarn or thread
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187:. Originally done by hand using a
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418:The pre-industrial techniques of
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1728:History of the textile industry
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920:Ancient civilizations of Africa
767:Science Museum Group Collection
917:G. Mokhtar (January 1, 1981).
615:. After the invention of the
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1:
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840:Hunt, Katie (April 9, 2020).
1618:Conservation and restoration
1681:Textile manufacturing terms
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563:1595 painting illustrating
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957:A Handbook of Textiles
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1718:Textile engineering
1699:Clothing portal
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1470:Indian subcontinent
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1134:Hand spinning tools
894:The Art of the Loom
892:Hecht, Ann (2001).
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1358:NĂ„lebinding
1242:Water frame
1151:Niddy noddy
752:, p. 5
633:World War I
620:water frame
409:water frame
304:bast fibres
1712:Categories
1664:Glossaries
1393:Rug making
1363:Needlework
1323:Embroidery
1156:Nostepinne
1120:Short draw
1088:Techniques
903:0295981393
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694:References
273:polyesters
1650:Recycling
1623:Fiber art
1465:Byzantine
1373:Patchwork
1115:Scutching
1110:Long draw
1023:Materials
529:talk page
449:does not
241:traveller
221:Old Bagan
185:polyester
136:talk page
88:Consider
60:in German
1723:Spinning
1635:Industry
1613:Blocking
1580:Balinese
1524:Burmese
1455:Quilting
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1383:Quilting
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1308:Beadwork
1303:Appliqué
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1016:Spinning
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673:Spinster
647:See also
537:May 2017
523:You may
478:May 2017
366:forces.
288:asbestos
284:silkworm
157:Spinning
112:provide
1606:Related
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1560:Mexican
1550:Mapuche
1503:African
1418:Weaving
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1333:Felting
1313:Crochet
1161:Spindle
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1100:Combing
1095:Carding
1070:Worsted
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455:sources
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333:Methods
269:acetate
249:spindle
227:(2019).
225:Myanmar
211:Process
177:viscose
134:to the
116:in the
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1592:Korean
1565:Navajo
1545:Andean
1528:Acheik
1408:Stitch
1398:Sewing
1378:Plying
1328:Fabric
1318:Dyeing
1065:Woolen
1050:Staple
1045:Sliver
1040:Roving
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565:Leiden
379:dyeing
375:roving
324:staple
314:, and
280:rabbit
245:bobbin
173:cotton
169:bobbin
165:fibers
1597:MÄori
1585:Sumba
1535:Hmong
1508:Kongo
1338:Fiber
1035:Rolag
848:. CNN
827:(PDF)
816:(PDF)
592:Meroë
585:whorl
392:In a
320:sisal
300:sisal
265:rayon
163:from
79:DeepL
1555:Maya
1513:Kuba
1460:Silk
1423:Yarn
1388:Rope
1348:Lace
1030:Noil
961:ISBN
938:2012
925:ISBN
898:ISBN
873:ISBN
854:2023
774:2024
716:ISBN
453:any
451:cite
413:warp
402:weft
316:jute
312:hemp
308:flax
296:flax
292:gold
233:yarn
231:The
199:and
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161:yarn
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108:You
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