371:
359:
31:
1144:
478:
the second generation. At the beginning of
September, fresh butterflies were observed on the Munich plain. In the Alpine region, the reports only range from mid-May to mid-August. The data indicate that the formation of a second generation does not occur everywhere or regularly. However, few reports from heights over 1000 m are available after mid-July. This indicates that in favorable years, images of a subsequent generation occasionally appear even at such altitudes.
58:
326:
788:
45:
800:
477:
The main flight period of the first generation usually begins in mid-May and reaches its maximum at the end of May, with reports then falling sharply by the end of July. From around the middle of August, there are signs of a renewed accumulation of reports that can be traced back to the appearance of
449:
microclimate, such as south-facing slopes. The altitudinal limit of the host plant in the
Bavarian Alps is usually only a little over 1200 m. However, from the warm years after the Second World War, there are documents with altitudes around 1700m and 1700-2000 m. The butterflies had likely drifted.
573:
Mowing is unsuitable for maintaining the necessary habitat structures in most locations, as it encourages the development of closed, grass-dominated vegetation. Due to their less extreme site conditions, numerous habitats, such as urban wastelands or railway embankments, can hardly be preserved in
565:
The species depends on preserving poorly overgrown grasslands with a favorable microclimate. Even rock areas on dry slopes are no longer used as a reproductive habitat due to shade provided by neighboring trees. Grazing habitats between May and the end of July is problematic because of the loss of
497:
Young caterpillars hatched in flower heads feed on ripening seeds and flower parts during the first two stages; those from eggs laid on leaves initially feed on those. Later the caterpillars live in leaf bags made of leaflets from the host plant. According to field observations in
Switzerland, the
343:
species. Since this coloring is less evident in older butterflies (and deviations occur), the characteristic arrangement of the spots on the underside of the hind wing should always be used to determine. On the upper side of the forewing, there is a series of small, distinctly bright spots in the
448:
occurs from lower altitudes to altitudes above 1000 m, with the reports showing a clear maximum at 400-500 m, which, compared to most reports, is disproportionately high. Above 1000 m, the thermal requirements of the species are only met at locations that are particularly favorable in terms of
440:
and poor grasslands on limestone or calcareous conglomerates. Even if the host plants have their main occurrence in arid grasslands or the gaps in pioneer stages of semi-dry grasslands, there is a strong preference for plants in small locations with particularly favorable thermal conditions.
721:
Hernández-Roldán, Juan L.; Dapporto, Leonardo; Dincă, Vlad; Vicente, Juan C.; Hornett, Emily A.; Šíchová, Jindra; Lukhtanov, Vladimir A.; Talavera, Gerard; Vila, Roger (September 2016). "Integrative analyses unveil speciation linked to host plant shift in
Spialia butterflies".
461:
can develop two generations in all major areas of
Central Europe. The significantly lower number of reports from the second generation here suggests that they appear less frequently and not in all years. A second generation with fewer individuals from the
489:
only blooms again regularly after the summer drought in arid grassland, the second-generation females in many places only have leaves available as an egg-laying medium. This is why they mainly glue their eggs to the upper side of leaflets of the
574:
the long term through biotope maintenance alone. In this case, it is essential to ensure site dynamics by deliberately relocating the succession by removing the topsoil or creating nutrient-poor gravel sites in a close spatial network.
474:
in April. The earliest
Bavarian pieces come from the second half of April in the hot spring of 2007. From the turn of the month to May, the first observations are available from several other years.
344:
submarginal bandage, which runs in a regular flat curve to the front edge. The four areas of the post-discal region further towards the wing base are also in a row, while in the species of the genus
485:
as a site to lay eggs and a food source for caterpillars. The eggs of the first generation are mainly laid on the flower heads that are still closed but occasionally also on the leaves. Since
457:
The butterfly flies from April to
September, depending on the location. There are usually two generations per year, with adults of the second generation being smaller than those of the first.
566:
the flower heads. In the case of cattle grazing, a small amount of grazing is sufficient for creating open ground areas, especially on slopes. Intensive grazing should be avoided, as
1219:
370:
358:
505:
The images are characterized by a very rapid flight close to the ground. The males are easiest to spot because they behave territorially and regularly visit places like
977:
1036:
650:
402:
is commonly found in
Western and Central Europe. To the south, the area extends over southern Europe to North Africa, and extends eastward to western
1116:
951:
1185:
466:
is also known, and is attributed to a significant part of the offspring of the spring generation no longer developing in the same year, but only
1209:
697:
792:
1003:
912:
636:
1214:
169:
804:
1178:
873:
930:
1041:
943:
418:. However, the species is absent in Scandinavia and Great Britain and is extinct in the Netherlands. In Germany,
57:
30:
339:. The underside has a cinnamon-red to yellowish base tone, while it is primarily greenish to brownish in the
1224:
509:
flowers. The images are not seen too often when visiting flowers. There are multiple reports of feedings on
1171:
816:
1008:
878:
854:
538:
152:
731:
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546:
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119:
1143:
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spun together as housing. Pupation took place on the ground in a web of leaf pieces.
383:
769:
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109:
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310:
89:
69:
761:
917:
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1088:
865:
833:
411:
349:
333:
The red-underwing skipper can be confused with the species of the genus
1121:
1054:
956:
752:
522:
491:
415:
129:
969:
743:
687:
494:
leaves of the host plants. Leaves lying on the ground are preferred.
403:
335:
99:
79:
810:
904:
467:
814:
348:
only three are side by side, and the fourth is disengaged. The
529:
and the
Palatinate. Furthermore, the species was observed on
381:
The identification situation in Spain is difficult, as the
557:
The males, in particular, like to suckle on moist soil.
1159:
498:
caterpillars spend the winter in a partial leaf of the
525:. These plants are also important nectar plants for
1078:
823:
387:described from there in 2016 flies together with
422:is absent in the northeastern federal states.
1179:
8:
1220:Taxa named by Johann Centurius Hoffmannsegg
1186:
1172:
811:
43:
29:
18:
751:
324:
643:
354:
436:, there is a close connection between
681:
629:Mitchell Beazley Guide to Butterflies
7:
1140:
1138:
944:896aa1dc-56e0-4c9d-9136-7c216ee1a310
679:
677:
675:
673:
671:
669:
667:
665:
663:
661:
481:The red-underwing skipper only uses
430:Due to the location requirements of
570:through the feces must be avoided.
1158:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
14:
1142:
798:
786:
369:
357:
56:
1:
1210:Butterflies described in 1804
391:at altitudes around 1000 m.
617:(Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia)
606:Spialia sertorius sertorius
1241:
1137:
536:in Bavaria, as well as on
276:Syrichtus sao therapnoides
212:Powellia sertorius parvula
184:
177:
158:
151:
53:Scientific classification
51:
42:
37:
28:
21:
305:, commonly known as the
631:(1981, reprinted 1992)
244:Powellia guadarramensis
220:Hesperia hibiscae minor
1154:-related article is a
330:
1215:Butterflies of Europe
686:Markus, Bräu (2013).
612:Spialia sertorius ali
539:Globularia cordifolia
328:
307:red-underwing skipper
284:Spialia sertorius ali
252:Powellia gavarniensis
939:Fauna Europaea (new)
807:at Wikimedia Commons
236:Powellia subgracilis
736:2016MolEc..25.4267H
689:Tagfalter in Bayern
547:Geranium sanguineum
444:In Central Europe,
518:Lotus corniculatus
512:Hippocrepis comosa
331:
191:Hoffmannsegg, 1804
188:Hesperia sertorius
1167:
1166:
1132:
1131:
1080:Papilio sertorius
1063:Open Tree of Life
855:Spialia sertorius
825:Spialia sertorius
817:Taxon identifiers
805:Spialia sertorius
803:Media related to
793:Spialia sertorius
744:10.1111/mec.13756
730:(17): 4267–4284.
724:Molecular Ecology
699:978-3-8001-7985-5
616:
543:Teucrium montanum
527:Baden-Württemberg
507:Sanguisorba minor
500:Sanguisorba minor
487:Sanguisorba minor
483:Sanguisorba minor
459:Spialia sertorius
446:Spialia sertorius
438:Spialia sertorius
433:Sanguisorba minor
420:Spialia sertorius
400:Spialia sertorius
389:Spialia sertorius
302:Spialia sertorius
298:
297:
292:
280:
272:
264:
260:Powellia alioides
256:
248:
240:
232:
228:Powellia gracilis
224:
216:
208:
200:
192:
162:Spialia sertorius
144:S. sertorius
23:Spialia sertorius
16:Species of insect
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791:Data related to
790:
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683:
656:
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627:Whalley, Paul -
615:(Oberthür, 1881)
614:
595:Spialia hibiscae
373:
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204:Spialia hibiscae
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19:
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1050:Observation.org
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597:(Hemming, 1936)
589:(Huebner, 1803)
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173:
166:
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55:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1225:Pyrginae stubs
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926:Fauna Europaea
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795:at Wikispecies
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781:External links
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408:Czech Republic
396:
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352:is 22-26 mm.
322:
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313:of the family
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279:Oberthür, 1910
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384:Spialia rosae
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268:Syrichtus ali
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153:Binomial name
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1160:expanding it
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601:Subspecies:
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561:Conservation
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376:Ventral side
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291:Picard, 1950
287:
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263:Verity, 1926
259:
255:Warren, 1926
251:
247:Warren, 1925
243:
239:Verity, 1912
235:
231:Verity, 1921
227:
219:
215:Verity, 1921
211:
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187:
170:Hoffmannsegg
161:
159:
143:
142:
130:
38:In Portugal
22:
965:iNaturalist
849:Wikispecies
753:10230/32118
587:Papilio sao
472:hibernation
364:Dorsal side
321:Description
315:Hesperiidae
223:Rebel, 1910
196:Papilio sao
120:Hesperiidae
110:Lepidoptera
1199:Categories
1095:Q109585211
1029:SpialSerto
655:, funet.fi
622:References
582:Synonyms:
553:Pimpinella
470:after the
464:Palatinate
90:Arthropoda
708:862073451
692:. Ulmer.
311:butterfly
138:Species:
76:Kingdom:
70:Eukaryota
1152:Pyrginae
1089:Wikidata
1026:MaBENA:
1004:LepIndex
983:11339427
863:BioLib:
840:Q1318000
834:Wikidata
770:21519036
762:27393640
608:(Europe)
578:Taxonomy
468:pupating
412:Slovenia
350:wingspan
179:Synonyms
116:Family:
86:Phylum:
80:Animalia
66:Domain:
1205:Spialia
1122:4535394
1068:1021521
957:1945569
732:Bibcode
652:Spialia
523:Bavaria
492:pinnate
453:Ecology
426:Habitat
416:Croatia
346:Pyrgus,
309:, is a
172:, 1804)
131:Spialia
126:Genus:
106:Order:
100:Insecta
96:Class:
1042:509483
1009:188355
996:174403
970:362090
931:440779
905:SILASE
879:204444
768:
760:
706:
696:
635:
532:Thymus
406:, the
404:Poland
341:Pyrgus
336:Pyrgus
288:rungsi
199:Hübner
1150:This
1109:94CQD
1016:LoB:
978:IRMNG
913:EUNIS
892:6YZXT
866:51232
766:S2CID
521:from
395:Range
1156:stub
1117:GBIF
1037:NCBI
1019:4819
991:IUCN
952:GBIF
900:EPPO
874:BOLD
758:PMID
704:OCLC
694:ISBN
633:ISBN
555:spp.
550:and
534:spp.
515:and
414:and
1104:CoL
1055:652
918:335
887:CoL
748:hdl
740:doi
329:Egg
317:.
286:f.
1201::
1119::
1106::
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851::
836::
764:.
756:.
746:.
738:.
728:25
726:.
702:.
660:^
545:,
541:,
410:,
1187:e
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1162:.
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750::
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710:.
168:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
