1475:
115:
1464:
349:
133:
1510:
1458:
1482:
1469:
408:, noting that the characters used by Galton to tentatively place the genus in Rauisuchidae are also found in Aetosauria, and that the holotype lacks characters to place it in either
1634:
499:
Sterling J. Nesbitt (2009). "The early evolution of archosaurs: Relationships and the origin of major clades". Columbia
University (open access dissertation): 1–632.
1575:
429:
and a few other
Triassic taxa leading to their referral to a new clade of archosaurs, Aphanosauria, which is the sister to Ornithodira within Avemetatarsalia.
1659:
543:
1562:
1664:
1629:
366:
drew attention as a possible relative. Authors went back and forth on the question, considering it either as a basal dinosaur, or as a "
488:
1654:
1474:
536:
1463:
132:
387:
1669:
1649:
1513:
649:
310:
1481:
1644:
1639:
1392:
529:
508:
Nesbitt et al. 2017. The earliest bird-line archosaurs and the assembly of the dinosaur body plan. Nature.
1530:
1086:
1457:
1601:
1176:
283:
1468:
914:
114:
622:
302:
245:
479:
Langer, M.C. (2004). Basal
Saurischia. In: Weishampel, D.B., Dodson, P., and Osmólska, H. (eds.).
1415:
398:(but did not firmly rule out rauisuchian affinities). In his 2009 thesis on archosaur evolution,
287:
127:
348:
1606:
1588:
1580:
484:
1593:
1070:
830:
634:
509:
399:
1503:
1381:
1324:
935:
713:
691:
661:
552:
280:
265:
190:
30:
466:(Santa Maria Formation, Middle-Upper Triassic, Brasil) the oldest saurischian dinosaurs?
1498:
1354:
855:
768:
734:
404:
358:
1623:
1347:
1340:
1296:
1275:
1230:
1093:
884:
65:
1369:
1288:
1220:
1165:
1100:
1058:
1051:
1043:
1001:
892:
839:
759:
409:
383:
375:
371:
338:
272:
228:
206:
352:
Known bones on a silhouette of a basal dinosaur, an outdated classification scheme
1333:
1312:
1304:
1261:
1114:
1107:
1079:
1022:
1015:
976:
870:
863:
813:
790:
776:
745:
421:
413:
395:
367:
342:
122:
Skeletal restoration showing known material, with a mostly hypothetical outline
40:
1240:
1210:
1193:
1128:
1121:
1036:
966:
956:
877:
848:
797:
607:
582:
379:
85:
50:
1553:
521:
1404:
1029:
903:
591:
268:
177:
144:
90:
1547:
1250:
1148:
987:
576:
318:
306:
276:
164:
80:
75:
60:
55:
45:
513:
1567:
330:
326:
95:
70:
570:
322:
291:
154:
1524:
483:(second edition). University of California Press:Berkeley, 25-46.
347:
334:
314:
261:
1421:
1528:
563:
525:
447:
Die fossilen
Reptilien des südamerikanischen Gondwanalandes.
1378:
1272:
1257:
1246:
1236:
1226:
1216:
1206:
1162:
998:
983:
972:
962:
952:
827:
756:
741:
730:
235:
1537:
1403:
1377:
1368:
1323:
1271:
1191:
1161:
1146:
1069:
997:
933:
902:
838:
826:
811:
755:
711:
660:
633:
606:
537:
305:based the genus on a fragmentary postcranial
8:
394:as a possible basal dinosaur similar to the
1525:
1374:
1280:
1199:
1158:
1154:
1007:
945:
941:
835:
823:
819:
723:
719:
708:
639:
612:
603:
560:
544:
530:
522:
113:
20:
1635:Middle Triassic reptiles of South America
356:With the discovery of the basal dinosaur
438:
425:revealed numerous similarities between
370:" or other basal archosaur. In 2000,
7:
402:placed Spondylosoma at Archosauria
341:. At the time, he thought it was a
14:
1660:Paleontology in Rio Grande do Sul
1509:
1508:
1480:
1473:
1467:
1462:
1456:
374:noted that it lacks dinosaurian
131:
321:, four dorsal vertebrae, three
260:(meaning "vertebra body") is a
1:
1665:Fossil taxa described in 1942
313:. This skeleton includes two
468:Paläontologische Zeitschrift
390:disputed this and included
284:Lower Santa Maria Formation
1686:
1630:Middle Triassic archosaurs
553:Avemetatarsalia / Pan-Aves
1493:
1454:
1283:
1202:
1157:
1010:
948:
944:
822:
726:
722:
707:
688:
642:
615:
602:
559:
458:Galton, P.M. (2000). Are
449:C.H. Beck:Munich, 342 p.
234:
227:
128:Scientific classification
126:
121:
112:
23:
16:Extinct genus of reptiles
382:more closely related to
240:Spondylosoma absconditum
271:belonging to the clade
445:von Huene, F. (1942).
353:
311:University of Tübingen
1655:Santa Maria Formation
1602:Paleobiology Database
419:The redescription of
351:
514:10.1038/nature22037
378:and was probably a
303:Friedrich von Huene
386:, whereas in 2004
354:
288:Paleorrota Geopark
1670:Avemetatarsalians
1650:Fossils of Brazil
1617:
1616:
1589:Open Tree of Life
1531:Taxon identifiers
1522:
1521:
1489:
1488:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1364:
1363:
1187:
1186:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1137:
929:
928:
925:
924:
807:
806:
703:
702:
699:
698:
684:
683:
680:
679:
253:
252:
1677:
1610:
1609:
1597:
1596:
1584:
1583:
1571:
1570:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1526:
1512:
1511:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1471:
1466:
1460:
1380:
1375:
1281:
1274:
1259:
1248:
1238:
1228:
1218:
1208:
1200:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1071:Sulcimentisauria
1008:
1000:
985:
974:
964:
954:
946:
942:
836:
831:Pterosauromorpha
829:
824:
820:
758:
743:
732:
724:
720:
709:
650:Archosauromorpha
640:
635:Archosauromorpha
613:
604:
597:
596:
561:
546:
539:
532:
523:
516:
506:
500:
497:
491:
477:
471:
456:
450:
443:
400:Sterling Nesbitt
337:, and part of a
266:avemetatarsalian
237:
218:
205:
136:
135:
117:
107:
37:
29:Temporal range:
21:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1645:Triassic Brazil
1640:Ladinian genera
1620:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1605:
1600:
1592:
1587:
1579:
1574:
1566:
1561:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1533:
1523:
1518:
1504:Phytodinosauria
1485:
1472:
1428:
1399:
1393:Sauropodomorpha
1382:Sauropodomorpha
1360:
1325:Herrerasauridae
1319:
1267:
1196:
1183:
1151:
1134:
1065:
993:
938:
936:Dinosauromorpha
921:
898:
816:
803:
751:
716:
714:Avemetatarsalia
695:
692:Avemetatarsalia
676:
662:Avemetatarsalia
656:
629:
598:
566:
565:
555:
550:
520:
519:
507:
503:
498:
494:
478:
474:
457:
453:
444:
440:
435:
376:characteristics
317:, two cervical
300:
281:Middle Triassic
249:
243:
216:
203:
191:Avemetatarsalia
130:
108:
106:
105:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
35:
34:
31:Middle Triassic
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1683:
1681:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1622:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1598:
1585:
1572:
1559:
1543:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1506:
1501:
1499:Ornithoscelida
1494:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1418:
1409:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1386:
1384:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1355:Staurikosaurus
1351:
1344:
1337:
1329:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1309:
1301:
1293:
1284:
1278:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1255:
1244:
1234:
1224:
1214:
1203:
1197:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1170:
1168:
1152:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1090:
1083:
1075:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1055:
1048:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1011:
1005:
995:
994:
992:
991:
981:
970:
960:
949:
939:
934:
931:
930:
927:
926:
923:
922:
920:
919:
918:
917:
908:
906:
900:
899:
897:
896:
889:
881:
874:
867:
860:
856:Faxinalipterus
852:
844:
842:
833:
817:
812:
809:
808:
805:
804:
802:
801:
794:
787:
780:
773:
769:Incertovenator
764:
762:
753:
752:
750:
749:
739:
735:Incertovenator
727:
717:
712:
705:
704:
701:
700:
697:
696:
689:
686:
685:
682:
681:
678:
677:
675:
674:
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672:
666:
664:
658:
657:
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652:
643:
637:
631:
630:
628:
627:
626:
625:
616:
610:
600:
599:
595:
594:
585:
579:
573:
564:
557:
556:
551:
549:
548:
541:
534:
526:
518:
517:
501:
492:
481:The Dinosauria
472:
470:74(3):393-423.
464:Staurikosaurus
451:
437:
436:
434:
431:
405:incertae sedis
359:Staurikosaurus
299:
296:
275:from the late
251:
250:
244:
232:
231:
225:
224:
214:
210:
209:
201:
194:
193:
188:
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180:
175:
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142:
138:
137:
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123:
119:
118:
110:
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100:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
38:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1682:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1527:
1515:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1470:
1465:
1459:
1423:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1348:Sanjuansaurus
1345:
1343:
1342:
1341:Herrerasaurus
1338:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1297:Daemonosaurus
1294:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1276:Herrerasauria
1270:
1264:
1263:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1231:Daemonosaurus
1225:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1190:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1145:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1094:Eucoelophysis
1091:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
996:
990:
989:
982:
979:
978:
971:
969:
968:
961:
959:
958:
951:
950:
947:
943:
940:
937:
932:
916:
912:
911:
910:
909:
907:
905:
901:
895:
894:
890:
887:
886:
885:Scleromochlus
882:
880:
879:
875:
873:
872:
868:
866:
865:
861:
858:
857:
853:
851:
850:
846:
845:
843:
841:
837:
834:
832:
825:
821:
818:
815:
810:
800:
799:
795:
793:
792:
788:
786:
785:
781:
779:
778:
774:
771:
770:
766:
765:
763:
761:
754:
748:
747:
740:
737:
736:
729:
728:
725:
721:
718:
715:
710:
706:
694:
693:
687:
670:
669:
668:
667:
665:
663:
659:
651:
647:
646:
645:
644:
641:
638:
636:
632:
624:
620:
619:
618:
617:
614:
611:
609:
605:
601:
593:
589:
586:
584:
580:
578:
574:
572:
568:
567:
562:
558:
554:
547:
542:
540:
535:
533:
528:
527:
524:
515:
511:
505:
502:
496:
493:
490:
489:0-520-24209-2
486:
482:
476:
473:
469:
465:
461:
455:
452:
448:
442:
439:
432:
430:
428:
424:
423:
417:
415:
411:
407:
406:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
360:
350:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
297:
295:
293:
289:
285:
282:
278:
274:
270:
267:
263:
259:
258:
247:
242:
241:
233:
230:
226:
223:
222:
215:
212:
211:
208:
202:
199:
196:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
139:
134:
129:
125:
120:
116:
111:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
32:
26:
22:
19:
1539:Spondylosoma
1538:
1461:
1370:Eusaurischia
1353:
1346:
1339:
1332:
1311:
1303:
1295:
1289:Chindesaurus
1287:
1260:
1249:
1239:
1229:
1221:Chindesaurus
1219:
1209:
1177:Ornithischia
1166:Ornithischia
1127:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1101:Ignotosaurus
1099:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1059:Technosaurus
1057:
1052:Soumyasaurus
1050:
1044:Pisanosaurus
1042:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1002:Silesauridae
986:
975:
965:
955:
893:Venetoraptor
891:
883:
876:
869:
862:
854:
847:
840:Lagerpetidae
796:
789:
784:Spondylosoma
783:
782:
775:
767:
760:Aphanosauria
744:
733:
690:
587:
504:
495:
480:
475:
467:
463:
460:Spondylosoma
459:
454:
446:
441:
427:Spondylosoma
426:
420:
418:
410:Pseudosuchia
403:
396:herrerasaurs
392:Spondylosoma
391:
372:Peter Galton
364:Spondylosoma
363:
357:
355:
333:, part of a
329:, part of a
309:held at the
301:
273:Aphanosauria
257:Spondylosoma
256:
255:
254:
239:
238:
229:Type species
221:Spondylosoma
220:
219:
207:Aphanosauria
197:
184:
171:
25:Spondylosoma
24:
18:
1334:Gnathovorax
1313:Caseosaurus
1115:Lutungutali
1108:Kwanasaurus
1080:Amanasaurus
1023:Asilisaurus
1016:Agnosphitys
977:Nyasasaurus
915:Pterosauria
904:Pterosauria
871:Kongonaphon
864:Ixalerpeton
814:Ornithodira
791:Teleocrater
777:Dongusuchus
746:Mambachiton
592:Archosauria
422:Teleocrater
414:Ornithodira
384:rauisuchids
380:rauisuchian
343:prosauropod
325:vertebrae,
178:Archosauria
1624:Categories
1497:See also:
1241:Eodromaeus
1211:Alwalkeria
1194:Saurischia
1149:Dinosauria
1129:Silesaurus
1122:Sacisaurus
1037:Lewisuchus
967:Marasuchus
957:Lagosuchus
878:Lagerpeton
849:Dromomeron
798:Yarasuchus
671:see below↓
623:Sauropsida
608:Sauropsida
583:Sauropsida
433:References
388:Max Langer
1420:includes
1416:Theropoda
1405:Theropoda
1030:Gamatavus
569:Kingdom:
368:thecodont
319:vertebrae
269:archosaur
246:von Huene
151:Kingdom:
145:Eukaryota
1548:Wikidata
1514:Category
1251:Saltopus
1087:Diodorus
988:Saltopus
577:Chordata
575:Phylum:
571:Animalia
327:scapulae
307:skeleton
277:Ladinian
165:Chordata
161:Phylum:
155:Animalia
141:Domain:
36:Ladinian
1594:4128859
1581:1193997
1568:4823546
1554:Q549748
581:Class:
331:humerus
298:History
213:Genus:
102:↓
487:
323:sacral
292:Brazil
248:, 1942
1607:38509
1576:IRMNG
1422:birds
588:Clade
339:pubis
335:femur
315:teeth
279:-age
262:genus
198:Clade
185:Clade
172:Clade
1563:GBIF
1414:see
1391:see
1305:Tawa
1262:Tawa
1175:see
913:see
648:see
621:see
485:ISBN
462:and
41:PreꞒ
510:doi
412:or
286:in
264:of
1626::
1604::
1591::
1578::
1565::
1550::
590::
416:.
362:,
345:.
294:.
290:,
200::
187::
174::
91:Pg
33:,
1379:†
1316:?
1308:?
1300:?
1292:?
1273:†
1258:†
1254:?
1247:†
1237:†
1227:†
1217:†
1207:†
1163:†
1062:?
1047:?
1004:?
999:†
984:†
980:?
973:†
963:†
953:†
888:?
859:?
828:†
772:?
757:†
742:†
738:?
731:†
545:e
538:t
531:v
512::
236:†
217:†
204:†
96:N
86:K
81:J
76:T
71:P
66:C
61:D
56:S
51:O
46:Ꞓ
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