264:
728:
692:
251:
710:
31:
889:
Herwaldt; Persing, DH; Précigout, EA; Goff, WL; Mathiesen, DA; Taylor, PW; Eberhard, ML; Gorenflot, AF; et al. (1 April 1996). "A Fatal Case of
Babesiosis in Missouri: Identification of Another Piroplasm That Infects Humans".
492:, animal) is the activated, intracellular feeding stage in the apicomplexan life cycle. After gorging itself on its host, the trophozoite undergoes schizogony and develops into a schizont, later releasing merozoites.
372:
and then rapidly reproduce asexually. The red blood cell host is destroyed by this process, which releases many new merozoites that go on to find new blood-borne hosts. Merozoites are motile. Before
358:
that takes place within a host cell. During this stage, the parasite infects the host's cells and then replicates its own nucleus and induces cell segmentation in a form of asexual reproduction. In
1071:
74:
Not all apicomplexa develop all the following cellular varieties and division methods. This presentation is intended as an outline of a hypothetical generalised apicomplexan organism.
933:
Zhou, M.; Liu, Q.; Wongsrichanalai, C.; Suwonkerd, W.; Panart, K.; Prajakwong, S.; Pensiri, A.; Kimura, M.; Matsuoka, H.; Ferreira, M. U.; Isomura, S.; Kawamoto, F. (April 1998).
935:"High prevalence of Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale in malaria patients along the Thai-Myanmar border, as revealed by acridine orange staining and PCR-based diagnoses"
263:
235:. It involves an unusual process in which two daughter cells are produced inside a mother cell, which is then consumed by the offspring prior to their separation.
515:, animal) is a quiescent parasite stage that is best known for its "... probable association with latency and relapse in human malarial infections caused by
323:), where they multiply. Cells infected with sporozoites eventually burst, releasing merozoites into the bloodstream. Sporozoites are motile and they move by
55:
stages that allow them to survive the wide variety of environments they are exposed to during their complex life cycle. Each stage in the life cycle of an
38:: 1-polar ring, 2-conoid, 3-micronemes, 4-rhoptries, 5-nucleus, 6-nucleolus, 7-mitochondria, 8-posterior ring, 9-alveoli, 10-golgi apparatus, 11-micropore.
777:
size, probably reflecting a reduced need for DNA repair of genomes with smaller information content. Reduced DNA repair may help explain the elevated
1018:
Rigoulet, Jacques; Hennache, Alain; Lagourette, Pierre; George, Catherine; Longeart, Loïc; Le Net, Jean-Loïc; Dubey, Jitender P. (20 November 2014).
836:
1075:
846:
727:
315:, for instance, the sporozoites are cells that develop in the mosquito's salivary glands, leave the mosquito during a blood meal, and enter
862:
691:
602:, animal), contrasting with a bradyzoite, is a form typified by rapid growth and replication. Tachyzoites are the motile forms of those
1002:
819:
709:
459:
to form a thick-walled structure known as an oocyst under the mosquito's outer gut lining. Ookinetes are motile and they move by
274:
167:), which are released into the blood when the host cell ruptures. Organisms whose life cycles rely on this process include
661:
develops within the spore, which acts to protect it during transfer to new hosts. Organisms that create oocysts include
790:
1121:
Sinden, RE; Talman, A; Marques, SR; Wass, MN; Sternberg, MJE (August 2010). "The flagellum in malarial parasites".
48:
1369:
1311:"Proteome size reduction in Apicomplexans is linked with loss of DNA repair and host redundant pathways"
256:
52:
1364:
226:
124:
64:
657:, bladder) is a hardy, thick-walled spore, able to survive for lengthy periods outside a host. The
250:
1310:
1249:
1202:
964:
915:
567:, bradyzoites microscopically present as clusters enclosed by an irregular crescent-shaped wall (
868:
1340:
1284:
1241:
1194:
1138:
1096:
1053:
998:
956:
907:
842:
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559:
269:
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187:
83:
986:
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1322:
1276:
1233:
1186:
1130:
1043:
1035:
946:
903:
899:
460:
324:
89:
120:, although the latter is sometimes referred to as schizogony, despite its general meaning.
675:
362:, merozoites form the first phase of the internal life cycle of coccidian. In the case of
1105:
A merozoite before schizogony, as in the exoerythrocytic phase of the development of the
1335:
1048:
1019:
394:
369:
160:
30:
1358:
1253:
951:
934:
564:
554:
455:
capable of moving spontaneously. It penetrates epithelial cells lining the midgut of
968:
919:
1280:
1206:
132:
68:
1156:
1326:
618:
470:
421:
417:
359:
156:
56:
43:
35:
1109:
agent after sporozoite invasion of the hepatocyte and before multiple division.
1039:
1237:
1190:
1134:
770:
766:
758:
735:
681:
612:
607:
387:
373:
364:
320:
311:
181:
136:
93:
1177:
Markus, Miles B. (16 July 2010). "Malaria: Origin of the Term 'Hypnozoite'".
195:
169:
1344:
1245:
1198:
1142:
1057:
1288:
960:
911:
778:
774:
669:
603:
563:, among others responsible for parasitic infections. In chronic (latent)
551:
456:
355:
17:
254:
An ookinete (motile), a sporozoite (motile) and a merozoite (motile) of
238:
Endopolygeny is the division into several organisms at once by internal
1309:
Derilus, D.; Rahman, M.Z.; Serrano, A.E.; Massey, S.E. (January 2021).
762:
717:
699:
663:
623:
239:
203:
175:
626:, tachyzoites divide by endodyogeny and endopolygeny. Also known as a
754:
658:
452:
413:
206:
and multiple fission. This results in the production of sporozoites.
199:
1267:
Markus, M. B. (15 November 2016). "Terms for coccidian merozoites".
1220:
Markus, Miles B. (22 March 2018). "Biological concepts in recurrent
194:
Sporogony is a type of sexual and asexual reproduction. It involves
127:
process of apicomplexa. After infecting a host cell, a trophozoite (
416:-forming cells. A male gametocyte divides to give many flagellated
163:
schizont into numerous identical daughter cells called merozoites (
316:
262:
249:
29:
750:
568:
630:(same journal reference as for "bradyzoic merozoite", above).
997:(3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 99–103.
651:
643:
596:
588:
544:
536:
509:
501:
486:
478:
445:
437:
406:
398:
348:
340:
303:
295:
571:) in infected muscle and brain tissues. Also known as a
309:, animal) is the cell form that infects new hosts. In
131:) increases in size while repeatedly replicating its
773:
genes tend to be lost by apicomplexans with reduced
420:, whereas the female gametocyte differentiates to a
139:. During this process, the organism is known as a
88:Apicomplexans (sporozoans) replicate via ways of
523:". Hypnozoites are directly sporozoite-derived.
1269:Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology
985:Smyth, James Desmond; Wakelin, Derek (1994).
781:rates in pathogens with reduced genome size.
550:, animal) is a sessile, slow-growing form of
34:Cellular structure of a typical, generalised
8:
939:Tropical Medicine and International Health
1334:
1047:
1020:"Toxoplasmosis in a bar-shouldered dove (
950:
1072:"Malaria - Life Cycle Of Plasmodium.swf"
835:Yoshinori Tanada; Harry K. Kaya (1993).
412:, cell) is a name given to a parasite's
980:
978:
904:10.7326/0003-4819-124-7-199604010-00004
802:
687:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
376:, the merozoite is also known as the
7:
812:Marine fish parasitology: an outline
753:loss was studied in 41 apicomplexan
995:Introduction to animal parasitology
765:biosynthesis could be explained by
209:Other forms of replication include
25:
1315:Infection, Genetics and Evolution
1179:Journal of the History of Biology
1101:Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary
1024:) from the Zoo of Clères, France"
769:redundancy with the host. Also,
952:10.1046/j.1365-3156.1998.00223.x
841:. Gulf Professional Publishing.
726:
708:
690:
275:transmission electron microscopy
229:, favoured by parasites such as
1157:"Ookinete (Medical Dictionary)"
1123:Current Opinion in Microbiology
622:. Typically infecting cellular
1281:10.1080/00034983.1987.11812147
225:. Endodyogeny is a process of
78:Methods of asexual replication
1:
867:. MSN Encarta. Archived from
757:. Loss of genes employed in
164:
128:
1327:10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104642
652:
644:
597:
589:
545:
537:
510:
502:
487:
479:
446:
438:
407:
399:
349:
341:
304:
296:
892:Annals of Internal Medicine
791:Trematode life cycle stages
354:, animal) is the result of
1386:
451:, motile) is a fertilised
81:
59:organism is typified by a
1238:10.1017/S003118201800032X
1191:10.1007/s10739-010-9239-3
1135:10.1016/j.mib.2010.05.016
1074:. esnips. Archived from
1040:10.1051/parasite/2014062
810:Jadwiga Grabda (1991).
202:, which is followed by
49:intracellular parasites
277:
260:
246:Glossary of cell types
125:asexually reproductive
96:). These ways include
39:
27:Apicomplexa life cycle
864:Schizogony definition
266:
257:Plasmodium falciparum
253:
198:, the formation of a
33:
368:, merozoites infect
227:asexual reproduction
159:next subdivides the
1078:on 21 November 2009
628:tachyzoic merozoite
573:bradyzoic merozoite
267:Two tachyzoites of
1022:Geopelia humeralis
814:. VCH. p. 8.
733:Life cycle of the
715:Life cycle of the
697:Life cycle of the
606:which form tissue
278:
261:
165:see glossary below
129:see glossary below
40:
1232:(13): 1765–1771.
989:Toxoplasma gondii
848:978-0-12-683255-6
560:Toxoplasma gondii
281:Infectious stages
270:Toxoplasma gondii
232:Toxoplasma gondii
188:Toxoplasma gondii
84:Fission (biology)
16:(Redirected from
1377:
1349:
1348:
1338:
1306:
1293:
1292:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1222:Plasmodium vivax
1217:
1211:
1210:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1159:. Dictionary.com
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1147:
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838:Insect pathology
832:
826:
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749:The dynamics of
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712:
694:
655:
647:
639:
638:
600:
592:
584:
583:
548:
540:
532:
531:
517:Plasmodium ovale
513:
505:
490:
484:, nourishment +
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90:multiple fission
63:with a distinct
61:cellular variety
21:
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761:metabolism and
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676:Cryptosporidium
636:
635:
581:
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529:
528:
469:
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430:
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386:
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370:red blood cells
333:
332:
293:(ancient Greek
288:
287:
283:
248:
220:
219:
212:
211:
150:
149:
142:
141:
123:Merogony is an
115:
114:
107:
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99:
98:
92:(also known as
86:
80:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
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1381:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1294:
1259:
1212:
1185:(4): 781–786.
1169:
1148:
1129:(4): 491–500.
1113:
1088:
1063:
1010:
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945:(4): 304–312.
925:
898:(7): 643–650.
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555:microorganisms
282:
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161:multinucleated
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1098:
1097:"Schizozoite"
1092:
1089:
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1064:
1059:
1055:
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1004:0-521-42811-4
1000:
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871:on 2009-11-22
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821:0-89573-823-6
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574:
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566:
565:toxoplasmosis
562:
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541:
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66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
47:, a group of
46:
45:
44:Apicomplexans
37:
32:
19:
1370:Reproduction
1318:
1314:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1229:
1226:Parasitology
1225:
1221:
1215:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1161:. Retrieved
1151:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1091:
1080:. Retrieved
1076:the original
1066:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1013:
994:
988:
942:
938:
928:
895:
891:
884:
873:. Retrieved
869:the original
863:
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418:microgametes
405:
404:, partner +
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363:
347:
339:
331:
329:
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294:
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268:
255:
237:
230:
221:endopolygeny
218:
210:
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168:
148:
140:
122:
113:
105:
97:
87:
73:
69:biochemistry
60:
57:apicomplexan
42:
41:
36:apicomplexan
1365:Apicomplexa
745:Genome size
619:Sarcocystis
608:pseudocysts
471:trophozoite
422:macrogamete
378:schizozoite
360:coccidiosis
321:hepatocytes
213:endodyogeny
157:Cytokinesis
1359:Categories
1321:: 104642.
1275:(4): 463.
1224:malaria".
1163:2009-12-11
1107:Plasmodium
1082:2009-12-11
875:2009-12-11
797:References
771:DNA repair
759:amino acid
736:Toxoplasma
682:Toxoplasma
613:Toxoplasma
610:, such as
604:coccidians
582:tachyzoite
530:bradyzoite
507:, sleep +
497:hypnozoite
457:mosquitoes
388:gametocyte
374:schizogony
365:Plasmodium
312:Plasmodium
289:sporozoite
182:Plasmodium
137:organelles
135:and other
100:gametogony
94:schizogony
82:See also:
65:morphology
53:life cycle
1254:206250162
767:metabolic
594:, fast +
542:, slow +
346:, part +
334:merozoite
301:, seed +
196:karyogamy
170:Theileria
108:sporogony
18:Sporogony
1345:33296723
1246:29564998
1199:20665090
1143:20566299
1103:, 2012,
1058:25407506
1028:Parasite
969:23658812
920:46733758
785:See also
779:mutation
775:proteome
739:parasite
721:parasite
703:parasite
670:Isospora
649:, egg +
624:vacuoles
557:such as
552:zoonotic
521:P. vivax
443:, egg +
431:ookinete
356:merogony
151:schizont
116:merogony
1336:7936648
1289:3446034
1207:1727294
1049:4236686
961:9623932
912:8607592
763:steroid
755:genomes
718:Eimeria
700:Babesia
664:Eimeria
461:gliding
447:kinētos
400:gametēs
325:gliding
319:cells (
240:budding
204:meiosis
176:Babesia
133:nucleus
51:, have
1343:
1333:
1287:
1252:
1244:
1205:
1197:
1141:
1056:
1046:
1034:: 62.
1001:
967:
959:
918:
910:
845:
818:
679:, and
659:zygote
653:kystis
637:oocyst
590:tachys
538:bradys
503:hypnos
480:trophē
453:zygote
414:gamete
297:sporos
200:zygote
185:, and
143:meront
1250:S2CID
1203:S2CID
965:S2CID
916:S2CID
569:cysts
408:kytos
342:meros
317:liver
1341:PMID
1285:PMID
1242:PMID
1195:PMID
1139:PMID
1054:PMID
999:ISBN
957:PMID
908:PMID
843:ISBN
816:ISBN
751:gene
641:(G.
616:and
598:zōon
586:(G.
546:zōon
534:(G.
519:and
511:zōon
499:(G.
488:zōon
476:(G.
435:(G.
350:zōon
338:(G.
305:zōon
217:and
112:and
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