38:
109:
215:
41:
46:
44:
40:
39:
45:
43:
309:, cells typically divide about every 20 minutes at 37 °C. Because the new cells will, in turn, undergo binary fission on their own, the time binary fission requires is also the time the bacterial culture requires to double in the number of cells it contains. This time period can, therefore, be referred to as the
229:, the building block of the microtubule cytoskeleton used during mitosis in eukaryotes. FtsZ is thought to be the first protein to localize to the site of future division in bacteria, and it assembles into a Z ring, anchored by FtsZ-binding proteins and defines the division plane between the two daughter cells.
684:
Any splitting of a single population of individuals into discrete parts may be considered fission. A population may undergo fission process for a variety of reasons, including migration or geographic isolation. Since the fission leads to genetic variance in the newly isolated, smaller populations,
667:
Fragmentation in multicellular or colonial organisms is a form of asexual reproduction or cloning, where an organism is split into fragments. Each of these fragments develop into mature, fully grown individuals that are clones of the original organism. In
1181:"Mycobacterial virulence. Virulent strains of Mycobacteria tuberculosis have faster in vivo doubling times and are better equipped to resist growth-inhibiting functions of macrophages in the presence and absence of specific immunity"
42:
323:
may have doubling times of nearly 100 hours. Bacterial growth is limited by factors including nutrient availability and available space, so binary fission occurs at much lower rates in bacterial cultures once they enter the
112:
Schematic diagram of cellular growth (elongation) and binary fission of bacilli. Blue and red lines indicate old and newly generated bacterial cell wall, respectively. (1) growth at the centre of the bacterial body. e.g.
70:, in biology, is the division of a single entity into two or more parts and the regeneration of those parts to separate entities resembling the original. The object experiencing fission is usually a
939:
587:
Most species of bacteria primarily undergo binary reproduction. Some species and groups of bacteria may undergo multiple fission as well, sometimes beginning or ending with the production of
190:
are separated. The consequence of this asexual method of reproduction is that all the cells are genetically identical, meaning that they have the same genetic material (barring random
516:
Some parasitic, single-celled organisms undergo a multiple fission-like process to produce numerous daughter cells from a single parent cell. Isolates of the human parasite
186:
The single DNA molecule first replicates, then attaches each copy to a different part of the cell membrane. When the cell begins to pull apart, the replicated and original
1592:
Illustrated glossary of protoctista: vocabulary of the algae, apicomplexa, ciliates, foraminifera, microspora, water molds, slime molds, and the other protoctists
1500:
Suresh K, Howe J, Ng GC, Ho LC, Ramachandran NP, Loh AK, et al. (1994). "A multiple fission-like mode of asexual reproduction in
Blastocystis hominis".
579:
can divide into more than two daughter cells. The exact number of daughter cells depends on the species of algae and is an effect of temperature and light.
1623:
1041:
Leaver M, DomĂnguez-Cuevas P, Coxhead JM, Daniel RA, Errington J (February 2009). "Life without a wall or division machine in
Bacillus subtilis".
1844:
1633:
1600:
1478:
1445:
951:
766:
1866:
Whitlock MC (May 1994). "Fission and the
Genetic Variance Among Populations: The Changing Demography of Forked Fungus Beetle Populations".
1543:
Pecková H, Lom J (1990). "Growth, morphology and division of flagellates of the genus
Trypanoplasma (Protozoa, Kinetoplastida) in vitro".
831:
Hubbell S (2003). "Modes of speciation and the lifespans of species under neutrality: a response to the comment of Robert E. Ricklefs".
291:
to work. Little is known about how bacteria that naturally don't grow a cell wall divide, but it is thought to resemble the L-form's
1590:
367:
occurs frequently within the cell, even when the cell is not actively undergoing mitosis, and is necessary to regulate the cell's
351:) to manipulate the membrane into separating, specifically by coming into the middle of the two soon-to-be daughter cells.
1964:
662:
1435:
1468:
127:
1420:
325:
319:
784:"Intraspecific competition affects population size and resource allocation in an ant dispersing by colony fission"
178:(or organelle) by dividing the cell into two parts, each with the potential to grow to the size of the original.
1832:
477:
Binary fission means "division into two". It is the simplest and most common method of asexual reproduction.
254:
The DNA is pulled to the separate poles of the bacterium as it increases the size to prepare for splitting.
710:
364:
265:
560:, which are multiple daughter cells that originate within the same cell membrane; sporogony results in
1752:
1374:
1050:
716:
518:
343:) possess neither a cell wall nor the FtsZ mechanism. They use a primitive version of the eukaryotic
152:
1969:
1891:
1883:
1721:
1568:
1525:
1074:
545:
1940:
1840:
1780:
1713:
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1629:
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1560:
1517:
1474:
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1294:
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1112:
1066:
998:
947:
921:
813:
782:
Boulay R, Galarza JA, Chéron B, Hefetz A, Lenoir A, van
Oudenhove L, Cerdá X (November 2010).
762:
203:
115:
1930:
1922:
1875:
1811:
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1760:
1705:
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1552:
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903:
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803:
795:
513:, producing several nuclei. The cytoplasm then separates, creating multiple daughter cells.
305:
140:
132:
121:
1095:
Bernander R, Ettema TJ (December 2010). "FtsZ-less cell division in archaea and bacteria".
1228:
Samson RY, Bell SD (November 2009). "Ancient ESCRTs and the evolution of binary fission".
284:
108:
31:
206:
on the cell. Like in mitosis (and unlike in meiosis), the parental identity is not lost.
1800:"Generic Assignments, Strain Histories and Properties of Pure Cultures of Cyanobacteria"
1756:
1378:
1054:
1935:
1910:
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1313:
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71:
993:
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1958:
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627:
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593:
522:
were observed to begin such a process within 4 to 6 days. Cells of the fish parasite
380:
376:
352:
340:
310:
168:
156:
1895:
1572:
1529:
1725:
1361:
Leger MM, Petrů M, Žárský V, Eme L, Vlček Č, Harding T, et al. (August 2015).
1078:
737:
537:
506:
419:
372:
1363:"An ancestral bacterial division system is widespread in eukaryotic mitochondria"
241:
stops the MinCD activity midcell, allowing FtsZ to take over for binary fission.
1926:
1329:
969:"Effect of minCD on FtsZ ring position and polar septation in Bacillus subtilis"
858:
698:
576:
415:
303:
Binary fission is generally rapid, though its speed varies between species. For
202:
used by eukaryotic cells, binary fission takes place without the formation of a
1745:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1741:"Propagation by sporulation in the guinea pig symbiont Metabacterium polyspora"
1367:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
237:
function together as division inhibitors, blocking formation of the FtsZ ring.
214:
1241:
1108:
732:
686:
669:
602:
561:
553:
457:
433:
418:
may take place along any plane but it is always perpendicular to the plane of
368:
238:
234:
230:
187:
172:
79:
30:"Binary fission" redirects here. For the binary fission of atomic nuclei, see
1816:
1799:
1765:
1265:"Evolution of diverse cell division and vesicle formation systems in Archaea"
257:
The growth of a new cell wall begins to separate the bacterium (triggered by
1387:
783:
606:
557:
549:
524:
288:
164:
160:
60:
55:
1798:
Rippka R, Deruelles J, Waterbury JB, Herdman M, Stanier RY (1 March 1979).
1717:
1682:
1406:
1347:
1298:
1249:
1196:
1165:
1116:
1070:
1016:
925:
817:
528:
have also been observed participating in both binary and multiple fission.
1784:
1564:
1521:
1214:
1002:
639:) daughter cells. The daughter cells so produced undergo further mitosis.
17:
1944:
1673:
1656:
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272:
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148:
75:
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808:
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643:
494:
449:
438:
292:
276:
226:
199:
195:
144:
83:
51:
1696:
Angert ER (March 2005). "Alternatives to binary fission in bacteria".
799:
467:
In this type of binary fission, cytokinesis occurs obliquely. Example
248:
The bacterium before binary fission is when the DNA is tightly coiled.
621:
Some protozoans reproduce by yet another mechanism of fission called
565:
423:
907:
363:
Some organelles in eukaryotic cells reproduce using binary fission.
1879:
1657:"Cell-cycle regulation in green algae dividing by multiple fission"
268:) fully develops, resulting in the complete split of the bacterium.
588:
502:
432:
Here cytokinesis takes place along the longitudinal axis. e.g. in
344:
213:
107:
36:
448:
Here cytokinesis takes place along the transverse axis. e.g. in
258:
222:
713:, a type of social organization that is notable among primates
1833:"Stem Cells in Asexual Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates"
613:
have also been found to reproduce through multiple fission.
283:
Studies of bacteria made to not produce a cell wall, called
892:"FtsZ and the division of prokaryotic cells and organelles"
707:, protein complex that initiates cell division in bacteria
317:
may have faster or slower doubling times: some strains of
171:). Binary fission results in the reproduction of a living
1263:
Makarova KS, Yutin N, Bell SD, Koonin EV (October 2010).
540:, a phylum of parasitic protists, multiple fission, or
383:
of bacteria, also use FtsZ in a bacteria-like fashion.
1130:
Sezonov G, Joseleau-Petit D, D'Ari R (December 2007).
1017:"Binary Fission: Steps, Types, Examples (vs. Mitosis)"
271:
The new daughter cells have tightly coiled DNA rods,
251:
The DNA of the bacterium has uncoiled and duplicated.
1132:"Escherichia coli physiology in Luria-Bertani broth"
391:
Binary fission in organisms can occur in four ways:
295:-like division process of extrusion and separation.
100:, in which a single entity produces multiple parts.
93:, in which a single organism produces two parts, or
1312:van der Bliek AM, Shen Q, Kawajiri S (June 2013).
672:, this method of reproduction is usually known as
1421:"Reproduction - Binary fission: Multiple fission"
859:"Binary Fission - Definition, Steps and Examples"
1314:"Mechanisms of mitochondrial fission and fusion"
967:Levin PA, Shim JJ, Grossman AD (November 1998).
1090:
1088:
631:adult parent undergoes cytokinesis to form two
379:(not in animals), both organelles derived from
885:
883:
881:
879:
244:More specifically, the following steps occur:
86:split into discrete parts. The fission may be
1831:Sköld HN, Obst M, Sköld M, Åkesson B (2009).
8:
509:of the parent cell divides several times by
151:reproduce with binary fission. This form of
1911:"Fission models of population variability"
1434:Britannica Educational Publishing (2011).
1318:Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
1934:
1815:
1774:
1764:
1672:
1396:
1386:
1337:
1288:
1204:
1155:
992:
915:
807:
1470:Animal Forms And Functions: Invertebrata
761:. Elsevier Academic Press. p. 379.
749:
896:Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
261:polymerization and "Z-ring" formation)
125:, and others. (2) apical growth. e.g.
1835:. In Rinkevich B, Matranga V (eds.).
685:population fission is a precursor to
605:, has been found to produce multiple
493:at the cellular level occurs in many
74:, but the term may also refer to how
7:
1739:Angert ER, Losick RM (August 1998).
1589:, McKhann HI, Olendzenski L (1993).
1185:The Journal of Experimental Medicine
279:; these are now brand-new organisms.
1655:Bišová K, Zachleder V (June 2014).
759:Principles of regenerative biology
609:in each division. Some species of
25:
1595:. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
564:, and gametogony results in micro
1628:. Gulf Professional Publishing.
985:10.1128/JB.180.22.6048-6051.1998
845:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12450.x
1179:North RJ, Izzo AA (June 1993).
1097:Current Opinion in Microbiology
299:Speed of FtsZ-dependent Fission
1837:Stem Cells in Marine Organisms
1661:Journal of Experimental Botany
1440:. The Rosen Publishing Group.
218:Binary fission in a prokaryote
1:
701:, cell division in eukaryotes
625:. In this type of fission, a
287:, shows that FtsZ requires a
1909:Thompson EA (October 1979).
1698:Nature Reviews. Microbiology
1269:Nature Reviews. Microbiology
890:Margolin W (November 2005).
663:Fragmentation (reproduction)
583:Multiple fission of bacteria
1467:Puranik P, Bhate A (2007).
1330:10.1101/cshperspect.a011072
355:use FtsZ like bacteria do.
347:-III system (also known as
194:). Unlike the processes of
128:Corynebacterium diphtheriae
1986:
1622:Tanada Y, Kaya HK (1993).
1437:Fungi, Algae, and Protists
1423:. Encyclopædia Britannica.
660:
544:, is manifested either as
320:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
313:. Some species other than
29:
1927:10.1093/genetics/93.2.479
1839:. Springer. p. 125.
1242:10.1016/j.tim.2009.08.003
1109:10.1016/j.mib.2010.10.005
422:(nuclear division). e.g.
1817:10.1099/00221287-111-1-1
1766:10.1073/pnas.95.17.10218
532:Fission of apicomplexans
1868:The American Naturalist
1388:10.1073/pnas.1421392112
1136:Journal of Bacteriology
973:Journal of Bacteriology
940:"9.1 How Microbes Grow"
653:reproduce in this way.
594:Metabacterium polyspora
387:Types of binary fission
133:bacterial proliferation
1230:Trends in Microbiology
1197:10.1084/jem.177.6.1723
711:Fission-fusion society
572:Fission of green algae
556:. Merogony results in
219:
182:Fission of prokaryotes
136:
64:
1545:Parasitology Research
1502:Parasitology Research
365:Mitochondrial fission
359:Fission of organelles
217:
159:is also used by some
111:
49:
1965:Asexual reproduction
1473:. Sarup & Sons.
717:Mitochondrial fusion
657:Clonal fragmentation
519:Blastocystis hominis
165:eukaryotic organisms
153:asexual reproduction
1757:1998PNAS...9510218A
1710:10.1038/nrmicro1096
1379:2015PNAS..11210239L
1281:10.1038/nrmicro2406
1148:10.1128/JB.01368-07
1063:10.1038/nature07742
1055:2009Natur.457..849L
757:Carlson BM (2007).
719:, a reverse fission
525:Trypanosoma borreli
486:Fission of protists
264:The new cell wall (
1674:10.1093/jxb/ert466
1557:10.1007/BF00932559
1514:10.1007/BF00932701
863:Biology Dictionary
680:Population fission
220:
137:
65:
50:Binary fission of
27:Biological process
1846:978-90-481-2766-5
1635:978-0-12-683255-6
1602:978-0-86720-081-2
1480:978-81-7625-791-6
1447:978-1-61530-463-9
953:978-1-947172-23-4
800:10.1890/09-1520.1
768:978-0-12-369439-3
414:In this fission,
225:is homologous to
204:spindle apparatus
139:Organisms in the
116:Bacillus subtilis
59:, (a single-cell
47:
16:(Redirected from
1977:
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1853:
1828:
1822:
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1789:
1788:
1778:
1768:
1751:(17): 10218–23.
1736:
1730:
1729:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1676:
1667:(10): 2585–602.
1652:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1625:Insect pathology
1619:
1613:
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1373:(33): 10239–46.
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1292:
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1254:
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1225:
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1176:
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1049:(7231): 849–53.
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491:Multiple fission
481:Multiple fission
326:stationary phase
48:
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1010:
979:(22): 6048–51.
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965:
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933:
908:10.1038/nrm1745
889:
888:
877:
867:
865:
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829:
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794:(11): 3312–21.
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695:
682:
665:
659:
619:
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407:. For example:
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285:L-form bacteria
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106:
37:
35:
32:Nuclear fission
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1983:
1981:
1973:
1972:
1967:
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1951:
1950:
1901:
1880:10.1086/285634
1874:(5): 820–829.
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1634:
1614:
1601:
1578:
1535:
1492:
1479:
1459:
1446:
1426:
1412:
1353:
1324:(6): a011072.
1304:
1275:(10): 731–41.
1255:
1236:(11): 507–13.
1220:
1191:(6): 1723–33.
1171:
1142:(23): 8746–9.
1122:
1084:
1033:
1008:
959:
952:
931:
902:(11): 862–71.
875:
850:
839:(1): 193–199.
823:
774:
767:
748:
747:
745:
742:
741:
740:
735:
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708:
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661:Main article:
658:
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591:. The species
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337:Thermoproteota
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104:Binary fission
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1921:(2): 479–95.
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1707:
1704:(3): 214–24.
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1804:Microbiology
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1639:. Retrieved
1624:
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1606:. Retrieved
1591:
1581:
1551:(7): 553–8.
1548:
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1538:
1508:(6): 523–7.
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1484:. Retrieved
1469:
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944:Microbiology
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377:mitochondria
373:chloroplasts
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169:mitochondria
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67:
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54:
1810:(1): 1–61.
809:10261/63368
699:Cytokinesis
674:fissiparity
670:echinoderms
603:guinea pigs
577:Green algae
562:sporozoites
446:Transverse:
434:flagellates
416:cytokinesis
328:of growth.
188:chromosomes
173:prokaryotic
80:populations
1970:Cell cycle
1959:Categories
1852:2016-12-21
1641:2016-12-21
1608:2016-12-21
1587:Margulis L
1486:2016-12-21
1453:2016-12-21
744:References
733:Speciation
687:speciation
637:coenocytic
623:plasmotomy
617:Plasmotomy
607:endospores
558:merozoites
554:gametogony
542:schizogony
499:sporozoans
458:Paramecium
453:protozoans
412:Irregular:
401:transverse
369:metabolism
339:(formerly
332:In archaea
161:organelles
131:. This is
78:, bodies,
18:Schizogony
550:sporogony
393:irregular
375:and some
289:cell wall
273:ribosomes
227:β-tubulin
192:mutations
76:organisms
61:eukaryote
56:Colpidium
1915:Genetics
1896:84880989
1718:15738949
1683:24441762
1573:23222953
1530:20368420
1407:25831547
1348:23732471
1299:20818414
1250:19783442
1166:17905994
1117:21050804
1071:19212404
1026:2 August
926:16227976
868:2 August
818:21141192
728:Paratomy
705:Divisome
693:See also
650:Pelomyxa
599:symbiont
546:merogony
511:amitosis
495:protists
470:Ceratium
465:Oblique:
277:plasmids
149:Bacteria
96:multiple
1936:1214094
1888:2462878
1785:9707627
1753:Bibcode
1726:8295873
1565:2217113
1522:7809004
1398:4547283
1375:Bibcode
1339:3660830
1290:3293450
1215:8496688
1206:2191059
1157:2168924
1079:4413852
1051:Bibcode
1003:9811667
917:4757588
788:Ecology
723:Mitosis
644:Opalina
566:gametes
536:In the
507:nucleus
497:, e.g.
450:ciliate
439:Euglena
405:oblique
315:E. coli
306:E. coli
293:budding
200:meiosis
196:mitosis
167:(e.g.,
163:within
145:Archaea
141:domains
122:E. coli
98:fission
91:fission
84:species
68:Fission
52:ciliate
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589:spores
505:. The
424:Amoeba
371:. All
275:, and
266:septum
89:binary
1892:S2CID
1884:JSTOR
1776:21488
1722:S2CID
1569:S2CID
1526:S2CID
1075:S2CID
833:Oikos
552:, or
503:algae
455:like
436:like
403:, or
345:ESCRT
82:, or
1941:PMID
1841:ISBN
1781:PMID
1714:PMID
1679:PMID
1630:ISBN
1597:ISBN
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1518:PMID
1475:ISBN
1442:ISBN
1403:PMID
1344:PMID
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1162:PMID
1113:PMID
1067:PMID
1028:2024
999:PMID
948:ISBN
922:PMID
870:2024
814:PMID
763:ISBN
647:and
635:(or
597:, a
501:and
259:FtsZ
239:MinE
235:MinD
233:and
231:MinC
223:FtsZ
198:and
176:cell
155:and
147:and
72:cell
1931:PMC
1923:doi
1876:doi
1872:143
1812:doi
1808:111
1771:PMC
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