546:. This modern form of square dancing is taught in around 30 countries, including the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Australia, China, Japan, and Russia. Within Europe, the majority of square dance clubs are in Germany and the United Kingdom. All teach the Callerlab syllabus, but there are slight style and call title variations throughout the world. Because of this standardization, anyone with the proper training can dance modern western square dancing in many countries around the world. Instruction is typically given in the local language, but the calls are always in English, allowing people to dance internationally once they learn the calls.
1013:. The clubs offer classes, socials, and dance evenings and arrange larger dances that are usually open to non-club members. In Britain, square dance clubs are affiliated with the British Association of American Square Dance Clubs, which also organizes the teaching of modern western square dance to Callerlab definitions. Most square dance events in Britain are run according to the Callerlab syllabus by a caller who is either a member of Callerlab or of the Square Dance Callers Club of Great Britain, and the level of dancing is indicated on the publicity material, as in "Mainstream" or "Mainstream with Pre-Announced Plus". CĂ©ilidh and barn dance events are also often advertised as being square dance events.
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860:. The Mainstream program, which is the default level of achievement, consists of close to 70 basic and mainstream calls. Rather than learning a complete routine, modern western square dancers learn basic movements and calls but do not know in what order they will be called. Unlike traditional square dance, two modern western dances are rarely alike. Most modern western square dancers participate only in the programs they have fully learned. Callerlab, the callers' international association, sets all programs and governs the training of callers.
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dancing, through books and square dancing events. Ford also promoted square dance classes in public school, which were present in half of all
American schools by 1928 as part of the standard physical education curriculum. Modern western square dance evolved in square dance events funded by Ford, using direction and guidance prepared by Colorado school superintendent Lloyd "Pappy" Shaw.
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474:, and Western. The New England and Appalachian styles have been particularly well documented in the early U.S. and have survived to the 21st century. There are several other styles, some of which have survived or been revived while others have not. Where traditional square dance has been revived, it encompasses a wide range of new choreography.
1031:. Although many modern western square dancers in Britain wear traditional square dance attire, events often have a relaxed dress code. Where traditional square dancing exists as a community social dance, sometimes in the form of a barn dance or a cèilidh, people often dress up, though their clothing is not square-dance-specific.
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calling out the steps. This practice became common by the early 1900s and gave rise to the modern caller. Between 1940 and 1960, modern western square dance evolved from the western style of traditional square dance that had formed in the United States. Traditional western square dancing was promoted beginning in the 1930s by
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If most figures are danced around the set, with one or more couples visiting the others in turn, the couples are likewise numbered around the set. In most surviving
American square dance traditions, the couples are numbered counterclockwise: the second couple is to the first couple's right, the third
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Square dance attire varies by the type of dance and by region. Traditional square dance groups often have no particular dress code. In the United States, larger modern western square dance events sometimes request a strict western-style dress code, which originated in the late 1950s and early 1960s
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Left is traditionally performed by grasping left hands with the other dancer, pulling away from each other slightly, and walking halfway around a central axis then stepping through. In modern western square dance, the grip is modified so that each dancer grips the forearm of the other, and there is
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In the United States, lines between the forms of square dancing have become blurred. Traditional-revival groups typically adopt very casual dress, and traditional-revival choreographers have begun to use basic movements that were invented for modern western square dance forms. A few modern western
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varies. In the United States the term is used for dances in square formations and also refers to the dance events where square dances are performed. In
England, Ireland, and Scotland, the term is used less frequently, and many dance events involve dances in square, circle, and line formations. The
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The four couples arranged in a square are called a set, and each couple is numbered. Couple numbering in a square dance set usually begins with the couple nearest the head of the hall (the side of the room containing the musicians and caller, or, in the pre-caller era, the royal presence or other
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popularized the form. Ford believed that Jews invented jazz as a plot to corrupt society and that this plot could be counteracted by returning
America to dances and musical styles that he saw as traditional and white. As a result, beginning in the early 1920s, he used his wealth to promote square
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These dances further evolved in
America, where they arrived with European settlers. After the American Revolution, the quadrille became especially popular. Quadrilles were originally danced from memorized steps and sequences, but as African American slaves played music for the dances, they began
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is a dance for four couples, or eight dancers in total, arranged in a square, with one couple on each side, facing the middle of the square. Square dances are part of a broad spectrum of dances known by various names: country dances, traditional dances, folk dances, barn dances, ceilidh dances,
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to the beat (and, in some traditions, the phrasing) of music. In other variations, dancers have no caller and instead memorize and perform a specific routine and sequence of steps. Square dance music varies widely, with some forms using traditional tunes and others employing more modern types.
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Many traditional
English regional folk dances are square dances that have survived into the 21st century. For instance, in both the Goathland square eight and the Cumberland square eight, which originated from different English villages, dancers perform a series of memorized moves in a square
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Traditional and modern western square dance differ in the number of calls and their levels of standardization. Traditional square dance uses between ten and thirty calls, depending on the region and the individual caller. Many traditional square dance calls are similar or identical to
567:. Some of the square dances listed in the book, such as "Newcastle", have survived to the 21st century, and countless new dances have been written in the Playford style. These dances include a range of moves, from smooth, gentle steps to more energetic leaps. They are supported by the
350:, bands, individuals, or similar organizations. Attire varies by type, with some forms possessing a specific dress code and others having no requirements. The standard square formation can also vary at times to include more or fewer dancers or arrange dancers in a different shape.
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to direct the dancers through different calls. In some forms of traditional square dancing, the caller may be one of the dancers or musicians, but in modern western square dancing, the caller is on stage giving full attention to directing the dancers.
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Modern choreography also includes dances which morph from one form to another. There are contra dances and four-couple longways sets which turn into a square dance part of the way through the dance and then back to the original formation.
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has an extensive collection of books, records, photographs and other materials relating to the history of both traditional and modern square dancing. On the site are interviews with many callers and recordings of dances from the early
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Irish set dance is a square dance with strong regional associations. The dance involves stepping, often with a flat-foot polka step. Unlike in traditional and modern western square dancing, where couples are designated as
390:, eight of which are square dances exhibiting concepts still in use, such as the head couples performing an action and the side couples repeating it. Three of the dances, such as "Dull Sir John", specifically use the term
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formation. Many of these dances are danced at folk or barn dances, along with other types of square dances including
Playford dances; dances derived from the quadrille, such as "La Russe" published by H.D. Willock in the
842:, where a count is roughly one step. In traditional square dancing, the timing of a call is dictated by tradition; in some regional styles, particularly that of New England, the dance movements are closely fitted to the
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The initial stage reached by all dancers is called
Mainstream. This program consists of a core list of about 70 moves which is revised periodically. Modern western square dance is sometimes presented in alternation with
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Grid squares are dances where the squares are arranged in a grid, with sets carefully aligned across the room and up and down the room. The calls move dancers from one square to another in intricate patterns.
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Irish and
Scottish dances are normally done to traditional tunes. English dances may be done to traditional tunes, though there is experimentation with many different musical styles, especially at cèilidhs.
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Traditional square dance structure varies by region, but it usually consists of a limited number of calls occurring in a set order. Traditional square dance is frequently presented in alternation with
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Square dance events can be run in different ways. In North
America, traditional square dances are organized by bands, callers, or small groups of dancers. Modern western square dances are arranged by
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no pulling (that is, each dancer supports his or her own weight). These modifications make it easier to enter and exit the movement and thus easier to incorporate it into a long sequence of calls.
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of the music. In modern western square dancing, many calls have been given formally specified durations, based partly on direct observation of how long it takes an average dancer to execute them.
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by some older New England callers in recognition of the dance it descended from, traditional square dance is not standardized and can be subdivided into three main regional styles: Northeast/
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The origins of Square dances can be traced back to steps and figures used in traditional folk dances and social dances from many countries. One of the earliest influences may have been the
1816:, a virtual museum with about 1,500 items, including video and audio clips, photographs, essays, and articles, documenting the origins and growth of traditional and modern square dancing
613:. Cèilidhs are also held in England, where the same squares may be done as at folk dances or barn dances but with more stepping, including skip steps, hop steps, polka steps, and rants.
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Bigon: a square with four people who each dances their own part and that of their opposite. This variation is almost exclusively done by challenge-level dancers due to its difficulty.
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Hexagon dancing: six couples arranged in a hexagon. There are three head couples and three side couples. This variation is most commonly done by advanced and challenge-level dancers.
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Square dancing is done in many different styles all around the world. In some countries and regions, through preservation and repetition, square dances have attained the status of a
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calls, and new dance moves are explained by the caller. In modern western square dance, the participants learn and become proficient in a particular defined set of calls known as a
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contra dances, Playford dances, etc. These dances appear in over 100 different formations, of which the Square and the Longways Set are by far the most popular formations.
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If most of the figures are danced between facing couples across the set, as in the 19th century quadrille and dances derived from it, the couple opposite the first is the
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Traditional and modern western square dancing have a number of calls in common, but there are usually small differences in the way they are performed. For example, the
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Irish ceili dances cover a wide range of formations, including many square dances. They are often performed at traditional Irish and Scottish social gatherings called
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Many traditions have square dances. They are usually not called; rather, the sequence of figures is fixed and known by the dancers. Examples include the German
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in New York City in the 1950s was rooted in the resurgent interest in square dancing and folk dancing there in the 1940s, which gave musicians such as
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376:, an English dance for six men involving a line formation and energetic steps. This dance is closely related to another ancestor of square dancing,
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Traditional square dance is primarily danced to live music. Since the 19th century, much of the square dance repertoire has been derived from
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In many communities, including Scotland and Ireland, and also continental Europe, the dancers know the complete dance and there is no caller.
406:, who solicited definitions from callers across the country in order to preserve that dance form and make it available to other teachers. The
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The couples in a square are numbered, although numbering varies among different types. In many of the types, two of the couples are known as
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tradition or as adapted by other cultures, such as that of Quebec. This sort of music is played on acoustic instruments, such as the
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While the standard formation for a square dance is four couples in a square, there are many variations on the theme. These include:
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Scottish country dances cover a wide range of formations, including many square dances. These dances, which are standardized by the
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was a Texan who pioneered folk music in New York and spearheaded the revival of folk dancing and square dancing there in the 1940s"
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in the phrase, "A Square Dance for eight thus". In the early 1800s, English country dances merged with French dances to form the
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This article is about all the different forms of square dance. For specific details on the American traditional forms, see
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The English dancing master: or, Plaine and easie rules for the dancing of country dances, with the tune to each dance
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callers incorporate older dances from various traditions, such as New England or Appalachian, into their programs.
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A square dance call may take a very short time or a very long time to execute. Most calls require between 4 and 32
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couple is across from the first, and the fourth couple is to the left of the first. The first and third are
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1851:- Square dance information including links to detailed explanations of calls, database of callers, and more
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Twelve Reel: a square with three people on each side, normally a man with a woman on either side of him.
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from Scotland and Ireland, sometimes in relatively unaltered form, sometimes as played in the
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or Sherele. Variations include double squares, with two couples on each side, like the Danish
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can vary from around 108 to more than 150 beats per minute, depending on the regional style.
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Square dances are considered folk dances in many countries and regions, although the term
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1605:"What is Scottish Country Dance & music? | Royal Scottish Country Dance Society"
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Since the 1970s, modern western square dance has been promoted and standardized by
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The Bent Creek Ranch Square Dance Team dancing at the Mountain Music Festival in
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Modern western square dance is danced to a variety of music types, including
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Quadrille variation involving five couples dancing at a Colonial Ball in the
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1411:"America's wholesome square dancing tradition is a tool of white supremacy"
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Friedland, LeeEllen (1998). "Square Dancing". In Cohen, Selma Jeanne (ed).
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Square dances contain elements from numerous traditional dances including
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1887:, a modern GLBT square dance and social club in San Francisco, California
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1845:- Square and Round Dancing & Clogging in Australia and New Zealand
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couples. In Irish set dances, the third couple (sometimes termed the
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Information & Resources on Australia's 1950s Square Dancing Boom
1629:"Learn the Quick start guide | Royal Scottish Country Dance Society"
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Hexitation: a square with two couples in each of the head positions.
214:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into
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1166:"Square Dancing History - Across 400 Years & Around the World"
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1246:"Newcastle – Playford's Dancing Master: The Compleat Dance Guide"
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Callerlab (2020-02-22). "Appendix B: Descriptive Terminology."
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in the 20th century, and 31 states have designated it as their
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Winter Solstice: a square with one extra couple in the middle.
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Old-time fiddlers often accompany traditional square dances.
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1698:"Explaining Traditional Squares and Contras to MWSD folks"
790:. The couples facing the first top and first side are the
1832:, international database of Square Dance clubs and events
1810:, multimedia collection of resources about square dancing
1141:"All About Square Dance: A Brief History of Square Dance"
307:. The main North American types of square dances include
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522:, the International Association of Square Dance Callers.
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The State Council of Illinois Square Dance Associations
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may not follow Knowledge (XXG)'s policies or guidelines
1279:"Square Dance Calling: The African-American Connection"
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www.eaasdc.de. pp. 3-4, 7, 27-28. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
1189:, vol. 5. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 685-89.
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Ninepins: a square with one extra person in the middle.
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Washington Area Square Dancers Cooperative Association
1395:'s American Square Dance Group and others. Written by
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History and Heritage of Modern American Square Dancing
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American-style square dancers performing outdoors in
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from the Low Countries, and Eastern European Jewish
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1228:Shaw, Dorothy, Bob Osgood, and Kenny Reese (2000).
887:Square dance music varies widely by type of dance.
108:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1127:"Country Dance & Contra Dance 100+ Formations"
495:Modern western square dance, which is also called
1653:Basic Dance Program Definitions. Callerlab.org,
778:couples); the third and fourth couples are the
719:hosts or important guests). This couple is the
1879:Northern New Jersey Square Dancers Association
766:. The first and second couples constitute the
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819:Traditional square dance calls at a dance in
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1533:"English Country Dance | Early Dance Circle"
1869:Virginia Square And Round Dance Association
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
16:Dance for four couples arranged in a square
1941:
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1794:Learn how and when to remove this message
636:, couples in Irish set dances are either
248:Learn how and when to remove this message
230:Learn how and when to remove this message
168:Learn how and when to remove this message
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398:, a dance for four couples in a square.
1656:http://www.callerlab.org/Dance-Programs
1495:http://www.callerlab.org/Dance-Programs
1471:http://www.callerlab.org/Dance-Programs
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1891:Square Dance Foundation of New England
1343:Alan Lomax: The Man who Recorded Music
1858:Associated Square Dancers Association
1836:Square and Round Dancing Australia/NZ
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1383:, film short, 1947 with Pete Seeger,
1318:"Square Dancing is Uniquely American"
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1905:Square Dance Federation of Minnesota
1874:Virginia Square Dancers Organization
1487:Mainstream Dance Program Definitions
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826:Square dance movements are known as
660:Royal Scottish Country Dance Society
106:adding citations to reliable sources
1485:Callerlab (2020-02-22). "History."
1461:Callerlab (2020-02-22). "History."
1367:(1996), Harvard University Press,
1201:"The Slave Roots of Square Dancing"
1187:International Encyclopedia of Dance
569:English Folk Dance and Song Society
1825:History of Square and Contra Dance
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501:contemporary western square dance
454:Modern Appalachian square dancing
384:published 105 of these dances in
52:This article has multiple issues.
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1508:"Country dancing Playford-style"
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2831:Symbols of Georgia (U.S. state)
2735:Dance in mythology and religion
1463:Basic Dance Program Definitions
1020:traditional square dance attire
957:, traditional and contemporary
93:needs additional citations for
60:or discuss these issues on the
1283:Journal of Appalachian Studies
1199:Blakemore, Erin (2017-06-16).
1:
1669:"CALLERLAB Website > Home"
1658:, p. 65. Accessed 2020-10-12.
743:); the second and fourth are
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334:and the other two are called
32:Square dance (disambiguation)
1814:Square Dance History Project
1399:and narrated by Pete Seeger.
739:(or, in older parlance, the
505:modern American square dance
362:A square dance diagram from
1729:. New York: Sentinel books.
1316:Eschner, Kat (2017-11-29).
1277:Jamison, Philip A. (2003).
1027:, or no dress code, called
710:, Canberra September 2016 (
491:Modern western square dance
485:Modern western square dance
408:American folk music revival
346:Dances can be organized by
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210:the claims made and adding
25:Modern western square dance
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1537:www.earlydancecircle.co.uk
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565:The English Dancing Master
550:United Kingdom and Ireland
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387:The English Dancing Master
368:(First published in 1651)
365:The English Dancing Master
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1849:Square Dance Resource Net
1727:The American Square Dance
1581:"Cumberland Square Eight"
1497:p.5. Accessed 2020-10-10.
1473:p.6. Accessed 2020-10-10.
1381:"To Hear Your Banjo Play"
688:Sonderborger Doppelkadril
266:Asheville, North Carolina
1557:"Goathland Square Eight"
786:) is to the left of the
446:Traditional square dance
440:Traditional square dance
435:United States and Canada
309:traditional square dance
21:Traditional square dance
1512:Royal Museums Greenwich
1258:Playford, John (1651).
325:Scottish country dances
2826:Symbols of Connecticut
1363:Cf. Cantwell, Robert,
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561:English country dances
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2861:Symbols of California
2846:Symbols of New Jersey
1725:Mayo, Margot (1943).
1696:Baker, Clark (2002).
1346:, Penguin, 2010. Cf.
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882:
818:
705:
652:Further information:
621:Further information:
599:Further information:
528:
489:Further information:
460:old-time square dance
453:
444:Further information:
378:English country dance
361:
263:
2816:American folk dances
2700:Dance and disability
1885:Western Star Dancers
1764:improve this article
1322:Smithsonian Magazine
698:Numbering of couples
575:Regional folk dances
497:western square dance
305:official state dance
102:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
2856:Symbols of Illinois
2821:Symbols of Colorado
2745:Dance on television
1776:footnote references
1409:Pennacchia, Robin.
2851:Symbols of Alabama
1896:2016-08-22 at the
1841:2017-06-20 at the
1830:WheresTheDance.com
1102:Youth square dance
1062:
1011:square dance clubs
1007:
999:Schleswig-Holstein
885:
824:
796:second side couple
716:
666:Continental Europe
539:
529:A square dance in
456:
414:popular exposure.
370:
348:square dance clubs
270:
195:possibly contains
2836:Symbols of Oregon
2788:
2787:
2740:Dance occupations
2677:Wallis and Futuna
1808:Square Your Dance
1804:
1803:
1796:
1673:www.callerlab.org
1585:barndances.org.uk
1561:barndances.org.uk
1440:www.callerlab.org
1365:When We Were Good
1060:, northern Canada
1053:
963:Broadway musicals
932:hammered dulcimer
816:
802:Callers and calls
792:second top couple
784:first side couple
676:Carré de Campagne
582:Manual of Dancing
258:
257:
250:
240:
239:
232:
197:original research
178:
177:
170:
152:
75:
2868:
2775:History of dance
2760:Dance technology
2705:Dance and health
2655:African-American
1943:
1936:
1929:
1920:
1854:US Associations
1799:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1779:
1747:
1746:
1739:
1730:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1693:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1665:
1659:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1504:
1498:
1483:
1474:
1459:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1436:"For The Public"
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1406:
1400:
1378:
1372:
1361:
1355:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1274:
1263:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1242:
1236:
1226:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1196:
1190:
1183:
1170:
1169:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1123:
1056:Square dance in
1054:
1017:and is known as
989:Clubs and attire
944:electric guitars
817:
788:first top couple
774:couples (or the
590:
587:
321:Irish set dances
253:
246:
235:
228:
224:
221:
215:
212:inline citations
188:
187:
180:
173:
166:
162:
159:
153:
151:
110:
86:
78:
67:
45:
44:
37:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2720:Dance etiquette
2686:
2445:Burma (Myanmar)
2385:
2381:
2373:
2322:Lead and follow
2283:
2219:Country–western
2158:
2139:Novelty and fad
2097:Hoochie coochie
2048:
2007:closed position
1980:
1976:List of dancers
1952:
1947:
1898:Wayback Machine
1843:Wayback Machine
1800:
1789:
1783:
1780:
1761:
1752:This article's
1748:
1744:
1737:
1724:
1721:
1719:Further reading
1716:
1715:
1706:
1704:
1695:
1694:
1687:
1677:
1675:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1650:
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1637:
1635:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1613:
1611:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1589:
1587:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1565:
1563:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1541:
1539:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1517:
1515:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1484:
1477:
1460:
1453:
1444:
1442:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1419:
1417:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1379:
1375:
1362:
1358:
1339:
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1326:
1324:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1276:
1275:
1266:
1257:
1253:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1227:
1218:
1209:
1207:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1184:
1173:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1150:
1148:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1098:
1043:
1041:
991:
877:
806:
804:
700:
668:
656:
650:
625:
623:Irish set dance
619:
617:Irish set dance
607:
597:
588:
577:
557:
555:Playford dances
552:
493:
487:
448:
442:
437:
420:
356:
254:
243:
242:
241:
236:
225:
219:
216:
201:
189:
185:
174:
163:
157:
154:
111:
109:
99:
87:
46:
42:
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2874:
2872:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2793:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2780:Women in dance
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2750:Dance research
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2725:Dance notation
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2696:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2391:
2389:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2293:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2179:
2174:
2168:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2058:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1994:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1971:List of dances
1968:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1852:
1846:
1833:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1811:
1802:
1801:
1756:external links
1751:
1749:
1742:
1736:
1735:External links
1733:
1732:
1731:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1685:
1660:
1644:
1620:
1596:
1572:
1548:
1524:
1499:
1475:
1451:
1427:
1401:
1373:
1356:
1333:
1308:
1289:(2): 387–398.
1264:
1251:
1237:
1216:
1191:
1171:
1157:
1132:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1097:
1094:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1040:
1037:
990:
987:
900:old-time music
876:
873:
803:
800:
798:respectively.
699:
696:
667:
664:
649:
646:
618:
615:
596:
593:
576:
573:
556:
553:
551:
548:
510:Industrialist
486:
483:
441:
438:
436:
433:
419:
416:
355:
352:
256:
255:
238:
237:
192:
190:
183:
176:
175:
117:"Square dance"
90:
88:
81:
76:
50:
49:
47:
40:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2873:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2806:Country dance
2804:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2770:Dancing mania
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2755:Dance science
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2730:Dance in film
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2715:Dance costume
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2650:United States
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2490:Faroe Islands
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2380:
2376:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2107:Neo-Burlesque
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2012:open position
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2002:close embrace
2000:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:Participation
1983:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1939:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1798:
1795:
1787:
1777:
1773:
1772:inappropriate
1769:
1765:
1759:
1757:
1750:
1741:
1740:
1734:
1728:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1634:
1633:www.rscds.org
1630:
1624:
1621:
1610:
1609:www.rscds.org
1606:
1600:
1597:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1573:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1513:
1509:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1491:Callerlab.org
1488:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1467:Callerlab.org
1464:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1441:
1437:
1431:
1428:
1416:
1412:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1385:Woody Guthrie
1382:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1340:Szwed, John,
1337:
1334:
1323:
1319:
1312:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1252:
1247:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1232:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1206:
1202:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1146:
1142:
1136:
1133:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1059:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1014:
1012:
1004:
1000:
995:
988:
986:
982:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
961:, songs from
960:
959:country music
956:
951:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
888:
881:
874:
872:
869:
866:
861:
859:
858:
853:
847:
845:
841:
836:
833:
829:
822:
801:
799:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
776:head and foot
773:
769:
765:
764:second couple
760:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
728:
726:
722:
713:
709:
704:
697:
695:
693:
690:or the Dutch
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
665:
663:
661:
655:
647:
645:
643:
639:
635:
631:
624:
616:
614:
612:
606:
602:
594:
592:
583:
574:
572:
570:
566:
562:
554:
549:
547:
545:
536:
532:
527:
523:
521:
516:
513:
508:
506:
502:
498:
492:
484:
482:
480:
479:contra dances
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
452:
447:
439:
434:
432:
430:
425:
417:
415:
413:
409:
405:
399:
397:
393:
389:
388:
383:
382:John Playford
379:
375:
367:
366:
360:
353:
351:
349:
344:
341:
337:
333:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
283:
278:
275:
267:
262:
252:
249:
234:
231:
223:
213:
209:
205:
199:
198:
193:This article
191:
182:
181:
172:
169:
161:
150:
147:
143:
140:
136:
133:
129:
126:
122:
119: –
118:
114:
113:Find sources:
107:
103:
97:
96:
91:This article
89:
85:
80:
79:
74:
72:
65:
64:
59:
58:
53:
48:
39:
38:
33:
26:
22:
2841:Social dance
2811:Group dances
2801:Square dance
2765:Dance troupe
2710:Dance awards
2605:Pontic Greek
2312:Dance theory
2302:Choreography
2214:Contemporary
2041:
1790:
1784:January 2020
1781:
1766:by removing
1753:
1726:
1705:. Retrieved
1701:
1676:. Retrieved
1672:
1663:
1652:
1647:
1636:. Retrieved
1632:
1623:
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2595:Philippines
2580:Netherlands
2570:Middle East
2122:Table dance
2087:Go go dance
2067:Competitive
1702:fortytwo.ws
1393:Margot Mayo
1389:Sonny Terry
1352:Margot Mayo
1205:JSTOR Daily
1145:MasterClass
916:double bass
757:second four
708:Albert Hall
601:Ceili dance
589: 1847
472:Appalachian
468:New England
429:barn dances
412:Pete Seeger
2795:Categories
2662:Uzbekistan
2430:Azerbaijan
2339:Musicality
2307:Connection
2264:Postmodern
2234:Historical
2117:Striptease
2112:Pole dance
2062:Ceremonial
2017:slow dance
1707:2020-10-12
1638:2020-10-11
1614:2020-10-11
1590:2020-10-10
1566:2020-10-10
1542:2020-10-10
1518:2020-10-10
1445:2020-10-10
1420:29 January
1397:Alan Lomax
1327:2020-10-10
1210:2020-10-16
1151:2023-04-30
1113:References
1058:Gjoa Haven
1039:Variations
936:saxophones
928:concertina
751:(formerly
741:first four
725:number one
680:Mie Katoen
672:Bekedorfer
512:Henry Ford
464:quadrilles
418:Main types
404:Lloyd Shaw
297:folk dance
290:cotillions
286:quadrilles
220:April 2016
204:improve it
128:newspapers
57:improve it
2667:Venezuela
2630:Sri Lanka
2625:Singapore
2585:Nicaragua
2515:Indonesia
2420:Australia
2289:Technique
2187:formation
2102:Lap dance
1768:excessive
1295:1082-7161
924:accordion
865:Allemande
753:side four
674:, French
520:Callerlab
396:quadrille
208:verifying
63:talk page
2682:Zimbabwe
2635:Thailand
2560:Malaysia
2545:Kiribati
2455:Cameroon
2450:Cambodia
2440:Bulgaria
2415:Assyrian
2384:national
2379:Regional
2359:Spotting
2354:Sequence
2332:glossary
2279:Two-step
2224:Flamenco
2209:Breaking
2204:Boogaloo
2182:Ballroom
2127:Twerking
2092:Grinding
2077:Ecstatic
1894:Archived
1881:(NNJSDA)
1839:Archived
1678:19 March
1303:41446577
1096:See also
794:and the
727:couple.
692:Vleegerd
611:cèilidhs
531:Montreal
158:May 2012
2692:Related
2672:Vietnam
2645:Ukraine
2555:Kurdish
2525:Ireland
2505:Hungary
2495:Georgia
2480:Denmark
2470:Croatia
2435:Belarus
2425:Austria
2410:Armenia
2400:Albania
2364:Turnout
2249:Lyrical
2229:Hip-hop
2072:Concert
1997:Partner
1966:Outline
1762:Please
1754:use of
1107:Hoedown
1005:in 2014
1003:Germany
979:hip-hop
857:program
844:phrases
605:Cèilidh
537:in 1941
354:History
202:Please
142:scholar
2640:Turkey
2620:Serbia
2615:Russia
2610:Romani
2600:Poland
2565:Mexico
2530:Israel
2500:Greece
2485:Europe
2460:Canada
2395:Africa
2386:dances
2344:Pointe
2317:Graham
2297:Ballet
2254:Modern
2177:Ballet
2164:Styles
2149:Street
2144:Sacred
2082:Erotic
2054:Social
2042:square
2027:contra
2022:circle
1901:1960s.
1415:Quartz
1301:
1293:
1029:casual
1025:proper
977:, and
975:techno
971:Motown
948:Tempos
942:, and
930:, and
914:, and
912:guitar
904:fiddle
840:counts
832:caller
535:Quebec
340:caller
323:, and
301:cowboy
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2575:Nepal
2550:Korea
2540:Japan
2535:Italy
2510:India
2465:China
2369:Turns
2327:Moves
2269:Swing
2259:Polka
2244:Latin
2199:Belly
2192:waltz
2037:round
1961:Index
1950:Dance
1348:p.144
1299:JSTOR
940:drums
920:piano
908:banjo
896:reels
875:Music
828:calls
749:sides
737:heads
721:first
712:sepia
642:sides
634:sides
630:heads
595:Ceili
503:, or
336:sides
332:heads
317:ceili
149:JSTOR
135:books
2590:Peru
2520:Iran
2475:Cuba
2405:Arab
2349:Pole
2239:Jazz
2172:Acro
2134:Folk
2032:line
1992:Solo
1680:2018
1422:2024
1291:ISSN
967:rock
894:and
892:jigs
780:side
768:head
684:Sher
638:tops
603:and
311:and
288:and
121:news
2274:Tap
2154:War
1770:or
1350:: "
955:pop
772:top
770:or
759:).
755:or
747:or
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