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discus throwers, the upper arm tends to be near horizontal at the moment of release of the discus. F5 to F7 discus throwers have greater angular speed of the shoulder girdle during release of the discus than the lower number classes of F2 to F4. F5 and F8 discus throwers have less average angular forearm speed than F2 and F4 throwers. F2 and F4 speed is caused by use of the elbow flexion to compensate for the shoulder flexion advantage of F5 to F8 throwers. A study of was done comparing the performance of athletics competitors at the 1984 Summer
Paralympics. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between women in 2 (SP4), 3 (SP4, SP5), 4 (SP5, SP6), 5 (SP6, SP7) and 6 (SP7) in the discus. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between men in 3, 4, 5 and 6 in the 200 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between women in 3, 4 and 5 in the 60 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between women in 4, 5 and 6 in the discus. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between women in 4, 5 and 6 in the javelin. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between women in 4, 5 and 6 in the shot put. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between women in 4, 5 and 6 in the discus. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between women in 4, 5 and 6 in the 60 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between women in 4, 5 and 6 in the 800 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between women in 4, 5 and 6 in the 1,500 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between women in 4, 5 and 6 in the slalom. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between men in 4, 5 and 6 in the discus. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between men in 4, 5 and 6 in the shot put. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between men in 4, 5 and 6 in the 100 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between men in 4, 5 and 6 in the 800 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between men in 4, 5 and 6 in the 1,500 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between men in 4, 5 and 6 in the slalom. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between women in 5 and 6 in the discus. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between women in 5 and 6 in the 60 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between women in 5 and 6 in the 100 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between men in 5 and 6 in the javelin. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between men in 5 and 6 in the shot put. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between men in 5 and 6 in the 100 meters.
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This height includes any cushioning or padding. Throwers can have footplates on their frames, but the footplate can only be used for stability. It cannot be used to push off from. Rests can be used on the frame but they need to be present only for safety reasons and to aide in athlete stability. They need to be manufactured from rigid materials that do not move. These materials may include steel or aluminum. The backrest can have cushioning but it cannot be thicker than 5 centimetres (2.0 in). It cannot have any movable parts. The frame can also have a holding bar. The holding bar needs to be round or square, and needs to be a single straight piece. Athletes are not required to use a holding bar during their throw, and they can hold on to any part of the frame during their throw. Throwing frames should be inspected prior to the event. This should be done either in the call room or in the competition area. In general, people in this class should be allocated around 2 minutes to set up their chair.
333:
competition and the last stage is assigning the sportsperson to a relevant class. Sometimes the health examination may not be done on site because the nature of the amputation could cause not physically visible alterations to the body. This is especially true for lower limb amputees as it relates to how their limbs align with their hips and the impact this has on their spine and how their skull sits on their spine. During the observation phase involving training or practice, all athletes in this class may be asked to demonstrate their skills in athletics, such as running, jumping or throwing. A determination is then made as to what classification an athlete should compete in. Classifications may be
Confirmed or Review status. For athletes who do not have access to a full classification panel, Provisional classification is available; this is a temporary Review classification, considered an indication of class only, and generally used only in lower levels of competition.
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confirmed prior to the Games, with exceptions to this policy being dealt with on a case-by-case basis. In case there was a need for classification or reclassification at the Games despite best efforts otherwise, athletics classification was scheduled for
September 4 and September 5 at Olympic Stadium. For sportspeople with physical or intellectual disabilities going through classification or reclassification in Rio, their in competition observation event is their first appearance in competition at the Games.
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102:
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encouraged to use a spotter when lifting more than 15 pounds (6.8 kg). Lower limb amputations effect a person's energy cost for being mobile. To keep their oxygen consumption rate similar to people without lower limb amputations, they need to walk slower. Because they are missing a limb, amputees are more prone to overuse injuries in their remaining limbs. Common problems with intact upper limbs for people in this class include
218:, and hip and knee stiffness with deformation in one arm. It means they have limited function in at least two limbs. In terms of functional classification, this means the sportsperson uses a wheelchair, has good sitting balance and has good arm function. For the 1984 Summer Paralympics, LAF3 was defined by the Games organizers as, "Wheelchair bound with normal arm function and good sitting balance."
299:
is any issue with visibility. In throwing events at the
Paralympic Games and World Championships, athletes get three trial throws. After that, the top 8 throwers get an additional three throws. For other events, organizers generally have the option to use that formula to give all throwers six consecutive throws. The total number of warm-up throws is at the discretion of the meet director.
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A1, A2 and A3 in the discus, men in A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8 and A9 in the javelin, men in A1, A2 and A3 in the shot put, men in A1 and A2 in the 100 meter race, and men in A1, A2, A3 and A4 in the 400 meter race. Double below the knee amputees also have a competitive advantage when compared to double above the knee amputees. From the
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Athletes need to throw from a seated position. They cannot throw from an inclined or other position. Doing so could increase the contribution of their legs and benefit their performance. Their legs must be in contact with the seat during the throw. If an athlete throws from a non-seated position,
277:
Field events open to this class have included shot put, discus and javelin. In pentathlon, the events for this class have included Shot, Javelin, 200m, Discus, 1500m. F7 throwers compete from a seated position. The javelin they throw weighs .6 kilograms (1.3 lb). The shot put used by women in
273:
Disabled Sports USA defined the functional definition of this class in 2003 as, "Have very good sitting balance and movements in the backwards and forwards plane. Usually have very good balance and movements towards one side (side to side movements) due to presence of one functional hip abductor, on
63:
defined this classification on their website in July 2016, "Athletes who meet one or more of the MDC for impaired muscle power, limb deficiency, impaired passive range of movement and leg length difference, who do not fit any of the previously described profiles, fall into this class." The
Spectator
86:
People who are amputees compete in this class, including ISOD A1 and A9. In general, track athletes with amputations in should be considerate of the surface they are running on, and avoid asphalt and cinder tracks. Because of the potential for balance issues related to having an amputation, during
337:
class with amputations, classification is often based on the anatomical nature of the amputation. The classification system takes several things into account when putting people into this class. These include which limbs are effected, how many limbs are effected, and how much of a limb is missing.
298:
All straps used to hold the athlete to the frame must be non-elastic. While in the process of throwing, an athlete cannot touch a tie-down for the frame. Because of visibility issues for officials, athletes cannot wear lose clothing and they can ask athletes to tuck in clothing if they feel there
113:
A study was done comparing the performance of athletics competitors at the 1984 Summer
Paralympics. It found there was no significant difference in performance in times between women in A1, A2 and A3 in the discus, women in A1 and A2 in the javelin, women in A1 and A2 in the 100 meter race, men in
336:
While some people in this class may be ambulatory, they generally go through the classification process while using a wheelchair. This is because they often compete from a seated position. Failure to do so could result in them being classified as an ambulatory class competitor. For people in this
109:
ISOD A1 classified athletes participate in T54, F56, F57 and F58. The nature of a person's amputations in this class can effect their physiology and sports performance. Lower limb amputations effect a person's energy cost for being mobile. To keep their oxygen consumption rate similar to people
332:
For this class, classification generally has four phase. The first stage of classification is a health examination. For amputees in this class, this is often done on site at a sports training facility or competition. The second stage is observation in practice, the third stage is observation in
290:
Athletes in this class used secure frames for throwing events. The frame can be only one of two shapes: A rectangle or square. The sides must be at least 30 centimetres (12 in) long. The seat needs to be lower at the back or level, and it cannot be taller than 75 centimetres (30 in).
281:
There are performance differences and similarities between this class and other wheelchair classes. A study of javelin throwers in 2003 found that F7 throwers have angular speeds of the shoulder girdle similar to that of F4 to F9 throwers. A 1999 study of discus throwers found that for F5 to F8
270:. They can generally change in any physical activity. People with lesions at the L4 to S2 who are complete paraplegics may have motor function issues in their gluts and hamstrings. Their quadriceps are likely to be unaffected. They may be absent sensation below the knees and in the groin area.
254:
F7 is wheelchair sport classification, that corresponds to the neurological level S1 - S2. Historically, this class has been called Lower 5. In 2002, USA Track & Field defined this class as, "These athletes also have the ability to move side to side, so they can throw across their body. They
144:
Members of the ISOD A9 class compete in T42, T43, T44, F42, F43, F44, F56, F57, and F58. The nature of an A9 athletes's amputations can effect their physiology and sports performance. Because of the potential for balance issues related to having an amputation, during weight training, amputees are
315:
had a zero classification at the Games policy. This policy was put into place in 2014, with the goal of avoiding last minute changes in classes that would negatively impact athlete training preparations. All competitors needed to be internationally classified with their classification status
274:
the side that movement is towards. Usually can bend one hip backwards; i.e. push the thigh into the chair. Usually can bend one ankle downwards; ie. push the foot onto the foot plate. The side that is strong is important when considering how much it will help functional performance."
213:
LAF3 is an Les Autres sports classification. Sportspeople in this class use wheelchairs on a regular basis as a result of reduced muscle function. They have normal trunk functionality, balance and use of their upper limbs. Medically, this class includes people with
493:
64:
Guide for the Rio
Paralympics defines the class as, "wheelchair athletes (effects of polio, spinal cord injuries and amputations)" People competing in the seated position in this class have mobility limitations that cannot exceed 70 points.
201:
events. These are wheelchair athletics classes. Athletes in this class have normal functioning in their throwing arm. While throwing, they can generally maintain good balance. Competitors in this class may also compete in
501:
210:, LAF1, LAF2 and LAF3 track athletes had the 60 meters and 400 meter distances on the program. There was a large range of sportspeople with different disabilities in this class at the 1984 Summer Paralympics.
171:
People who are Les Autres compete in this class. This includes LAF3 classified athletes. In general, Les Autres classes cover sportspeople with locomotor disabilities regardless of their diagnosis.
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2703:
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without lower limb amputations, they need to walk slower. People in this class use around 120% more oxygen to walk or run the same distance as someone without a lower limb amputation.
48:
for people who compete in field events from a seated position. This class is for people with limb deficiencies not covered by other classes. It includes people who are members of the
2006:
413:
538:
2353:
1580:
1683:
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usually can bend one hip backward to push the thigh into the chair, and can bend one ankle downward to push down with the foot. Neurological level: S1-S2."
1999:
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1992:
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1639:. Newmarket, ON: Author. Available Federacion Espanola de Deportes de Minusvalidos Fisicos, c/- Ferraz, 16 Bajo, 28008 Madrid, Spain.
1497:
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867:
798:
654:
616:
460:
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424:
773:
Tweedy, S. M. (2003). The ICF and
Classification in Disability Athletics. In R. Madden, S. Bricknell, C. Sykes and L. York (Ed.),
2560:
2733:
2712:
2390:
2369:
227:
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122:, there was no significant changes in performance times put up by male sprinters in 100 meter, 200 meter and 400 meter events.
675:"The (Non)sense of the Present-Day Classification System of Sports for the Disabled, Regarding Paralysed and Amputee Athletes"
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effected. Functionally, they can bend their knees and lift their feet. They can walk on their own, though they may require
546:
2795:
2475:
2131:
2036:
2015:
1699:
1310:
Chow, J. W., & Mindock, L. A. (1999). Discus throwing performances and medical classification of wheelchair athletes.
81:
49:
2905:
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2281:
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2445:
2191:
814:
1611:
2722:
709:"An Overview of the Running Performance of Athletes with Lower-Limb Amputation at the Paralympic Games 2004–2012"
1036:
The 1984 Olympic
Scientific Congress proceedings: Eugene, Ore., 19-26 July 1984 : (also: OSC proceedings)
1162:"SPECIAL SECTION ADAPTATIONS TO USA TRACK & FIELD RULES OF COMPETITION FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES"
206:. This is a standing class for people with weakness in one leg muscle or who have joint restrictions. At the
308:
207:
119:
115:
1073:
National
Governing Body for Athletics of Wheelchair Sports, USA. Chapter 2: Competition Rules for Athletics
2851:
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1933:
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weight training, amputees are encouraged to use a spotter when lifting more than 15 pounds (6.8 kg).
1406:
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136:
101:
1183:
2379:
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1709:
1241:"Kinematic Analysis of Javelin Throw Performed by Wheelchair Athletes of Different Functional Classes"
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1100:
982:
923:
750:
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203:
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150:
45:
31:
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2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
241:
131:
96:
1161:
52:
A1 and A9 classes. Events open to people in this class include the shot put, discus and javelin.
1297:
1603:
1559:
1532:
1477:
1445:
1412:
1270:
1252:
1216:
1189:
1040:
1013:
890:
863:
794:
650:
612:
456:
146:
1581:"Taxonomic Theory and the ICF: Foundations for a Unified Disability Athletics Classification"
2996:
2117:
1595:
1260:
1071:
720:
267:
259:
707:
Hassani, Hossein; Ghodsi, Mansi; Shadi, Mehran; Noroozi, Siamak; Dyer, Bryce (2015-06-16).
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2112:
2107:
2102:
1265:
1240:
949:"IPC Athletics Classification Project for Physical Impairments: Final Report - Stage 1"
41:
1649:
389:
3011:
1433:
374:
354:
154:
674:
17:
1434:"Paralympic Classification: Conceptual Basis, Current Methods, and Research Update"
232:
People with spinal cord injuries compete in this class, including F7 sportspeople.
2681:
2338:
1553:
1526:
1471:
1210:
1034:
1007:
884:
857:
840:
788:
644:
606:
1984:
1668:
295:
this is counted as a foul. People in this class cannot put tape on their hands.
263:
215:
30:
This article is about the disability sport classification. For other uses, see
364:
350:
278:
this class weighs less than the traditional one at 3 kilograms (6.6 lb).
1256:
72:
Both people with amputations and spinal cord injuries compete in this class.
1607:
1449:
1274:
1599:
1136:(in European Spanish). Spain: Consejo Superior de Deportes. Archived from
1099:(in European Spanish). Spain: Consejo Superior de Deportes. Archived from
981:(in European Spanish). Spain: Consejo Superior de Deportes. Archived from
922:(in European Spanish). Spain: Consejo Superior de Deportes. Archived from
749:(in European Spanish). Spain: Consejo Superior de Deportes. Archived from
725:
708:
577:(in European Spanish). Spain: Consejo Superior de Deportes. Archived from
1212:
Wheelchair Sport: A Complete Guide for Athletes, Coaches, and Teachers
1009:
Pediatric Rehabilitation: Principles & Practices, Fourth Edition
1432:
Tweedy, Sean M.; Beckman, Emma M.; Connick, Mark J. (August 2014).
324:
Competitors in this class compete in shot put, discus and javelin.
2257:
2252:
605:
DeLisa, Joel A.; Gans, Bruce M.; Walsh, Nicholas E. (2005-01-01).
245:
100:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2267:
1503:. Sydney Australia: Australian Paralympic Committee. 2 July 2010
777:(pp. 82-88)Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.
250:
Functional profile of a wheelchair sportsperson in the F7 class.
2685:
2342:
1988:
1672:
1006:
MD, Michael A. Alexander; MD, Dennis J. Matthews (2009-09-18).
2262:
1470:
Gilbert, Keith; Schantz, Otto J.; Schantz, Otto (2008-01-01).
1239:
Chow, John W.; Kuenster, Ann F.; Lim, Young-tae (2003-06-01).
956:
International Paralympic Committee Governing Committee Reports
608:
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Principles and Practice
1635:
International Sports Organization for the Disabled. (1993).
1290:"Para-Athlete (AWD) entry form – NSW PSSA Track & Field"
775:
ICF Australian User Guide, Version 1.0, Disability Series
494:"CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR STUDENTS WITH A DISABILITY"
345:
Sportspeople competing in this class include Mexico's
140:
Type of amputation for an A9 classified sportsperson.
105:
Type of amputation for an A1 classified sportsperson.
1347:. United States Olympic Committee. December 11, 2013
1314:(9), 1272-1279. doi:10.1097/00005768-199909000-00007
643:
Miller, Mark D.; Thompson, Stephen R. (2014-04-04).
258:
People with a lesion at S1 have their hamstring and
1841:
1715:
856:Narvani, A. A.; Thomas, P.; Lynn, B. (2006-09-27).
1338:"PARALYMPIC TRACK & FIELD: Officials Training"
1312:Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,31
842:Proceedings of the Workshop on Disabled and Sports
1552:Pasquina, Paul F.; Cooper, Rory A. (2009-01-01).
947:International Paralympic Committee (June 2009).
1473:The Paralympic Games: Empowerment Or Side Show?
839:Sportbond, Nederlandse Invaliden (1985-01-01).
390:"IPC Athletics Classification & Categories"
1525:Cashman, Richmard; Darcy, Simon (2008-01-01).
1076:. United States: Wheelchair Sports, USA. 2003.
646:DeLee & Drez's Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
2697:
2354:
2000:
1684:
1234:
1232:
685:. International Medical Society of Paraplegia
8:
414:"Athletics Spectator Guide - 2012 Rio Games"
449:Starkey, Chad; Johnson, Glen (2006-01-01).
2704:
2690:
2682:
2361:
2347:
2339:
2007:
1993:
1985:
1691:
1677:
1669:
185:In athletics, LAF3 competitors compete in
1498:"CLASSIFICATION Information for Athletes"
1264:
724:
1245:Journal of Sports Science & Medicine
673:van Eijsden-Besseling, M. D. F. (1985).
135:
1520:
1518:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1122:
1120:
1085:
1083:
967:
965:
488:
486:
484:
482:
480:
478:
476:
474:
472:
381:
1438:Paralympic Sports Medicine and Science
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
908:
906:
815:"Paralympic classifications explained"
533:
531:
529:
527:
525:
523:
521:
519:
1364:
1362:
1127:Consejo Superior de Deportes (2011).
1090:Consejo Superior de Deportes (2011).
972:Consejo Superior de Deportes (2011).
913:Consejo Superior de Deportes (2011).
740:Consejo Superior de Deportes (2011).
702:
700:
668:
666:
638:
636:
634:
632:
630:
628:
611:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
600:
598:
568:Consejo Superior de Deportes (2011).
452:Athletic Training and Sports Medicine
7:
1408:Adapted Physical Education and Sport
1294:New South Wales Department of Sports
1209:Goosey-Tolfrey, Vicky (2010-01-01).
1185:Adapted Physical Education and Sport
1588:Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly
27:Paralympic athletics classification
1377:International Paralympic Committee
845:. Nederlandse Invaliden Sportbond.
313:International Paralympic Committee
61:International Paralympic Committee
25:
1405:Winnick, Joseph P. (2011-01-01).
1182:Winnick, Joseph P. (2011-01-01).
455:. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
157:and peripheral nerve entrapment.
2721:
2378:
2024:
1708:
1650:"IPC World Rankings - Athletics"
787:Albrecht, Gary L. (2005-10-07).
367:
2713:Wheelchair sport classification
2370:Les Autres sport classification
1370:"Rio 2016 Classification Guide"
228:Wheelchair sport classification
167:Les Autres sport classification
1558:. Government Printing Office.
1:
2016:Amputee sports classification
1700:Para-athletics classification
1039:. Human Kinetics Publishers.
1033:Broekhoff, Jan (1986-06-01).
889:. Hachette Children's Group.
859:Key Topics in Sports Medicine
126:Upper and lower limb amputees
82:Amputee sports classification
1476:. Meyer & Meyer Verlag.
1379:. March 2016. Archived from
1012:. Demos Medical Publishing.
649:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
883:Hunter, Nick (2012-02-09).
545:. June 2012. Archived from
3034:
3018:Parasports classifications
1555:Care of the Combat Amputee
1130:Deportistas sin Adjectivos
1093:Deportistas sin Adjectivos
975:Deportistas sin Adjectivos
916:Deportistas sin Adjectivos
790:Encyclopedia of Disability
743:Deportistas sin Adjectivos
571:Deportistas sin Adjectivos
239:
225:
178:
164:
129:
94:
79:
29:
2965:
2900:
2860:
2790:
2728:
2719:
2656:
2626:
2596:
2575:
2555:
2470:
2440:
2385:
2376:
2276:
2221:
2186:
2126:
2091:
2031:
2022:
1706:
1288:Sydney East PSSA (2016).
1579:Tweedy, Sean M. (2002).
2661:Other disability sports
347:Angeles Ortiz Hernandez
309:2016 Summer Paralympics
303:At the Paralympic Games
208:1984 Summer Paralympics
120:2012 Summer Paralympics
116:2004 Summer Paralympics
251:
141:
106:
2971:Wheelchair basketball
2097:Wheelchair basketball
1716:Track and jump events
1600:10.1123/apaq.19.2.220
1169:USA Track & Field
793:. SAGE Publications.
726:10.3390/sports3020103
286:Performance and rules
249:
181:LAF3 (classification)
139:
104:
539:"Classification 101"
222:Spinal cord injuries
151:shoulder impingement
46:disability athletics
18:T57 (classification)
1531:. Benchmark Games.
328:Becoming classified
242:F7 (classification)
132:A9 (classification)
97:A1 (classification)
91:Lower limb amputees
44:classification for
2671:Sitting volleyball
1654:www.paralympic.org
1617:on August 17, 2016
1411:. Human Kinetics.
1386:on August 16, 2016
1215:. Human Kinetics.
1188:. Human Kinetics.
549:on August 16, 2016
394:www.paralympic.org
252:
142:
107:
3005:
3004:
2679:
2678:
2336:
2335:
1982:
1981:
430:on August 6, 2016
68:Disability groups
16:(Redirected from
3025:
2997:4.5 point player
2725:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2683:
2382:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2340:
2118:4.5 point player
2028:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1986:
1712:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1646:
1640:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1616:
1610:. Archived from
1585:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1522:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1502:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1385:
1374:
1366:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1342:
1334:
1315:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1296:. Archived from
1285:
1279:
1278:
1268:
1236:
1227:
1226:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1166:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1142:
1135:
1124:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1105:
1098:
1087:
1078:
1077:
1068:
1051:
1050:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1003:
997:
996:
994:
993:
987:
980:
969:
960:
959:
953:
944:
938:
937:
935:
934:
928:
921:
910:
901:
900:
880:
874:
873:
853:
847:
846:
836:
830:
829:
827:
826:
811:
805:
804:
784:
778:
771:
765:
764:
762:
761:
755:
748:
737:
731:
730:
728:
704:
695:
694:
692:
690:
670:
661:
660:
640:
623:
622:
602:
593:
592:
590:
589:
583:
576:
565:
559:
558:
556:
554:
535:
514:
513:
511:
509:
504:on April 4, 2015
500:. Archived from
498:Queensland Sport
490:
467:
466:
446:
440:
439:
437:
435:
429:
423:. Archived from
418:
410:
404:
403:
401:
400:
386:
377:
372:
371:
370:
268:orthopedic shoes
260:peroneal muscles
42:disability sport
21:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2961:
2896:
2856:
2786:
2726:
2715:
2710:
2680:
2675:
2652:
2622:
2592:
2571:
2551:
2466:
2436:
2383:
2372:
2367:
2337:
2332:
2272:
2217:
2182:
2122:
2087:
2029:
2018:
2013:
1983:
1978:
1842:Throwing events
1837:
1713:
1702:
1697:
1667:
1658:
1656:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1634:
1630:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1566:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1539:
1528:Benchmark Games
1524:
1523:
1516:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1454:
1452:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1419:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1360:
1350:
1348:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1318:
1309:
1305:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1238:
1237:
1230:
1223:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1196:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1146:
1144:
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1133:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1109:
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1103:
1096:
1089:
1088:
1081:
1070:
1069:
1054:
1047:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1020:
1005:
1004:
1000:
991:
989:
985:
978:
971:
970:
963:
951:
946:
945:
941:
932:
930:
926:
919:
912:
911:
904:
897:
886:The Paralympics
882:
881:
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855:
854:
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824:
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672:
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664:
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619:
604:
603:
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581:
574:
567:
566:
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517:
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492:
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470:
463:
448:
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427:
416:
412:
411:
407:
398:
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388:
387:
383:
373:
368:
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363:
343:
330:
322:
305:
288:
244:
238:
230:
224:
183:
177:
169:
163:
134:
128:
99:
93:
84:
78:
70:
58:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3031:
3029:
3021:
3020:
3010:
3009:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2992:4 point player
2989:
2987:3 point player
2984:
2982:2 point player
2979:
2977:1 point player
2974:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2901:
2898:
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2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2791:
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2787:
2785:
2784:
2779:
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2769:
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2663:
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2645:
2640:
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2627:
2624:
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2615:
2610:
2605:
2597:
2594:
2593:
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2590:
2587:
2584:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
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2556:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2471:
2468:
2467:
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2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2429:
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2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2386:
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2377:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2343:
2334:
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2331:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2113:4 point player
2110:
2108:3 point player
2105:
2103:2 point player
2100:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2032:
2030:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2004:
1997:
1989:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1673:
1666:
1665:
1641:
1628:
1594:(2): 220–237.
1571:
1564:
1544:
1537:
1514:
1489:
1482:
1462:
1424:
1417:
1397:
1358:
1316:
1303:
1300:on 2016-09-28.
1280:
1228:
1221:
1201:
1194:
1174:
1153:
1116:
1079:
1052:
1045:
1025:
1018:
998:
961:
939:
902:
895:
875:
868:
848:
831:
819:ABC News Sport
806:
799:
779:
766:
732:
719:(2): 103–115.
696:
662:
655:
624:
617:
594:
560:
515:
468:
461:
441:
405:
380:
379:
378:
362:
359:
353:and Algeria's
342:
339:
329:
326:
321:
318:
304:
301:
287:
284:
237:
234:
223:
220:
176:
173:
162:
159:
127:
124:
92:
89:
77:
74:
69:
66:
57:
54:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3030:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2724:
2718:
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2707:
2702:
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2693:
2688:
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2606:
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2554:
2548:
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2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
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2513:
2510:
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2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
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2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2463:
2460:
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2455:
2453:
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2443:
2442:
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2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
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2420:
2418:
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2413:
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2400:
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2387:
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2375:
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2344:
2341:
2329:
2326:
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2321:
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2316:
2314:
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2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2214:
2211:
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2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
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2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2098:
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2084:
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2038:
2034:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2017:
2010:
2005:
2003:
1998:
1996:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
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1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
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1937:
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1927:
1925:
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1613:
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1601:
1597:
1593:
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1575:
1572:
1567:
1565:9780160840777
1561:
1557:
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1538:9781876718053
1534:
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1483:9781841262659
1479:
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1463:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1428:
1425:
1420:
1418:9780736089180
1414:
1410:
1409:
1401:
1398:
1382:
1378:
1371:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1346:
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1229:
1224:
1222:9780736086769
1218:
1214:
1213:
1205:
1202:
1197:
1195:9780736089180
1191:
1187:
1186:
1178:
1175:
1170:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1143:on 2016-11-04
1139:
1132:
1131:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1106:on 2016-11-04
1102:
1095:
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1086:
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1046:9780873220064
1042:
1038:
1037:
1029:
1026:
1021:
1019:9781935281658
1015:
1011:
1010:
1002:
999:
988:on 2016-11-04
984:
977:
976:
968:
966:
962:
957:
950:
943:
940:
929:on 2016-11-04
925:
918:
917:
909:
907:
903:
898:
896:9780750270458
892:
888:
887:
879:
876:
871:
869:9781134220618
865:
862:. Routledge.
861:
860:
852:
849:
844:
843:
835:
832:
820:
816:
810:
807:
802:
800:9781452265209
796:
792:
791:
783:
780:
776:
770:
767:
756:on 2016-11-04
752:
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736:
733:
727:
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718:
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684:
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656:9781455742219
652:
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631:
629:
625:
620:
618:9780781741309
614:
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