169:
discus throwers, the upper arm tends to be near horizontal at the moment of release of the discus. F5 to F7 discus throwers have greater angular speed of the shoulder girdle during release of the discus than the lower number classes of F2 to F4. F5 and F8 discus throwers have less average angular forearm speed than F2 and F4 throwers. F2 and F4 speed is caused by use of the elbow flexion to compensate for the shoulder flexion advantage of F5 to F8 throwers. A study of was done comparing the performance of athletics competitors at the 1984 Summer
Paralympics. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between women in 2 (SP4), 3 (SP4, SP5), 4 (SP5, SP6), 5 (SP6, SP7) and 6 (SP7) in the discus. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between men in 3, 4, 5 and 6 in the 200 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between women in 3, 4 and 5 in the 60 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between women in 4, 5 and 6 in the discus. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between women in 4, 5 and 6 in the javelin. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between women in 4, 5 and 6 in the shot put. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between women in 4, 5 and 6 in the discus. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between women in 4, 5 and 6 in the 60 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between women in 4, 5 and 6 in the 800 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between women in 4, 5 and 6 in the 1,500 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between women in 4, 5 and 6 in the slalom. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between men in 4, 5 and 6 in the discus. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between men in 4, 5 and 6 in the shot put. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between men in 4, 5 and 6 in the 100 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between men in 4, 5 and 6 in the 800 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between men in 4, 5 and 6 in the 1,500 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between men in 4, 5 and 6 in the slalom. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between women in 5 and 6 in the discus. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between women in 5 and 6 in the 60 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between women in 5 and 6 in the 100 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between men in 5 and 6 in the javelin. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between men in 5 and 6 in the shot put. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between men in 5 and 6 in the 100 meters.
234:
IB and IC were worth 1 point. Class II for people with lesions between T1-T5 and no balance were also worth 1 point. Class III for people with lesions at T6-T10 and have fair balance were worth 1 point. Class IV was for people with lesions at T11-L3 and good trunk muscles. They were worth 2 points. Class V was for people with lesions at L4 to L5 with good leg muscles. Class IV was for people with lesions at S1-S4 with good leg muscles. Class V and IV were worth 3 points. The
Daniels/Worthington muscle test was used to determine who was in class V and who was class IV. Paraplegics with 61 to 80 points on this scale were not eligible. A team could have a maximum of 11 points on the floor. The system was designed to keep out people with less severe spinal cord injuries, and had no medical basis in many cases. This class would have been V. In 1982, wheelchair basketball finally made the move to a functional classification system internationally. While the traditional medical system of where a spinal cord injury was located could be part of classification, it was only one advisory component. In this system, this class became Class III as 4 or 4.5 point players. Under the current classification system, they would likely be classified as a
192:
difference in performance times between women in 4 (SP5, SP6), 5 (SP6, SP7) and 6 (SP7) in the 100m backstroke. It found there was little significant difference in performance times between women in 4 (SP5, SP6), 5 (SP6, SP7) and 6 (SP7) in the 100m freestyle. It found there was little significant difference in performance times between women in 4 (SP5, SP6), 5 (SP6, SP7) and 6 (SP7) in the 14 x 50 m individual medley. It found there was little significant difference in performance times between men in 4 (SP5, SP6), 5 (SP6, SP7) and 6 (SP7) in the 100m backstroke. It found there was little significant difference in performance times between men in 4 (SP5, SP6), 5 (SP6, SP7) and 6 (SP7) in the 100m breaststroke. It found there was little significant difference in performance times between women in 5 (SP6, SP7) and 6 (SP7) in the 50 m butterfly. It found there was little significant difference in performance times between men in 5 (SP6, SP7) and 6 (SP7) in the 4 x 50 m individual medley. It found there was little significant difference in performance times between men in 5 (SP6, SP7) and 6 (SP7) in the 100 m freestyle.
274:
1401:
297:
extension of the dorsal musculature. The second test is for lateral balance of the upper limbs. The third test measures trunk extension of the lumbar muscles. The fourth test measures lateral balance while holding a weapon. The fifth test measures the trunk movement in a position between that recorded in tests one and three, and tests two and four. The sixth test measures the trunk extension involving the lumbar and dorsal muscles while leaning forward at a 45 degree angle. In addition, a bench test is required to be performed.
141:
often stand around the player, poke and prod their muscles with their hands and with pins. The system had no built in privacy safeguards and players being classified were not insured privacy during medical classification nor with their medical records. This period was also one that saw people oftentimes trying to cheat classification to get in classified more favorably. Starting in the 1980s and going into the 1990s, this class began to be more defined around functional classification instead of a medical one.
219:
266:
211:
309:
285:
their condition. This includes if the condition is progressive or stable, if it is an acquired or congenital condition. It may include a request for information on any future anticipated medical care. It may also include a request for any medications the person is taking. Documentation that may be required my include x-rays, ASIA scale results, or
293:
muscle being assessed on a scale of 0 to 5. A 0 is for no muscle contraction. A 1 is for a flicker or trace of contraction in a muscle. A 2 is for active movement in a muscle with gravity eliminated. A 3 is for movement against gravity. A 4 is for active movement against gravity with some resistance. A 5 is for normal muscle movement.
49:). after having been originally handled International Stoke Mandeville Games Federation (ISMGF). Classification may also been done by an international sporting body, a national sports organization, or a national sport specific organization. Comparable classes for F7 include F57 in athletics, S5 or S10 in swimming, LTA in
292:
One of the standard means of assessing functional classification is the bench test, which is used in swimming, lawn bowls and wheelchair fencing. Using the
Adapted Research Council (MRC) measurements, muscle strength is tested using the bench press for a variety of spinal cord related injuries with a
127:
Some sports specifically for people with disabilities, like race running, have two governing bodies that work together to allow different types of disabilities to participate. Classification is also handled at the national level or at the national sport specific level. In the United States, this has
123:
Some sports have classification managed by other organizations. In the case of athletics, classification is handled by IPC Athletics. The
International Paralympic Committee manages classification for a number of spinal cord injury and wheelchair sports including alpine skiing, biathlon, cross country
103:
Disabled Sports USA defined the functional definition of this class in 2003 as, "Have very good sitting balance and movements in the backwards and forwards plane. Usually have very good balance and movements towards one side (side to side movements) due to presence of one functional hip abductor, on
256:
One of the sports available to people in this class is adaptive rowing. In this sport, people with incomplete spinal cord injury at S1 compete in LTA. They have use of their legs, arms and trunk. Another sporting option is wheelchair fencing. Wheelchair fencers from this class who are classified as
94:
effected. Functionally, they can bend their knees and lift their feet. They can walk on their own, though they may require ankle braces or orthopedic shoes. They can generally change in any physical activity. People with lesions at the L4 to S2 who are complete paraplegics may have motor function
233:
From 1969 to 1973, a classification system designed by
Australian Dr. Bedwell was used in wheelchair basketball. This system used some muscle testing to determine which class incomplete paraplegics should be classified in. It used a point system based on the ISMGF classification system. Class IA,
164:
Under the IPC Athletics classification system, this class competes in F57. Field events open to this class have included shot put, discus and javelin. In pentathlon, the events for this class have included Shot, Javelin, 200m, Discus, 1500m. F7 throwers compete from a seated position. The javelin
62:
168:
There are performance differences and similarities between this class and other wheelchair classes. A study of javelin throwers in 2003 found that F7 throwers have angular speeds of the shoulder girdle similar to that of F4 to F9 throwers. A 1999 study of discus throwers found that for F5 to F8
140:
Early on in this classes history, the class had a different name and was based on medical classification and originally intended for athletics. During the 1960s and 1970s, classification involved being examined in a supine position on an examination table, where multiple medical classifiers would
69:
F7 is wheelchair sport classification, that corresponds to the neurological level S1- S2. Historically, this class has been called Lower 5. In 2002, USA Track & Field defined this class as, " These athletes also have the ability to move side to side, so they can throw across their body. They
284:
Medical classification for wheelchair sport can consist of medical records being sent to medical classifiers at the international sports federation. The sportsperson's physician may be asked to provide extensive medical information including medical diagnosis and any loss of function related to
37:
that corresponds to the neurological level S1- S2. Historically, it has been referred to as Lower 5. It is characterized by people having their lower limb muscles strength and function impacted. People in the SP7 class generally have good sitting balance and some trunk movement backwards and
296:
Wheelchair fencing classification has 6 test for functionality during classification, along with a bench test. Each test gives 0 to 3 points. A 0 is for no function. A 1 is for minimum movement. A 2 is for fair movement but weak execution. A 3 is for normal execution. The first test is an
191:
A study of was done comparing the performance of athletics competitors at the 1984 Summer
Paralympics. It found there was little significant difference in performance times between women in 4 (SP5, SP6), 5 (SP6, SP7) and 6 (SP7) in the 100m breaststroke. It found there was little significant
104:
the side that movement is towards. Usually can bend one hip backwards; i.e. push the thigh into the chair. Usually can bend one ankle downwards; ie. push the foot onto the foot plate. The side that is strong is important when considering how much it will help functional performance."
257:
4. For class 4, fencers tend to have a lesion below L4. They tend to score at least 5 points on Type 3 and Type 4 of the function test. For international IWF sanctioned competitions, classes are combined. 3 and 4 are combined, competing as
Category A.
188:. Swimmers in this class lack full propulsion in their kicks because of a slight loss of function in one limb. They do a standing start and kick turns, but get less power than they might otherwise because of the leg impairment.
120:), having taken over this role following the 2005 merger of ISMWSF and ISOD. From the 1950s to the early 2000s, wheelchair sport classification was handled International Stoke Mandeville Games Federation (ISMGF).
183:
Generally, people in this class are classified as S5 or S10. F7 swimmers competing as S10 tend to have lesions at S1 or S2 that has minimal effect on their lower limbs. This is often caused by polio or
222:
The wheelchair basketball classification system used during the 1980s was mostly functional, but had medical lesion based elements as a guideline. A maximum of 14 points was allowed on the floor at any
1307:
1190:
866:
847:
828:
626:
78:
The neurological definition of for this class is S1 - S2. The location of lesions on different vertebrae tend to be associated with disability levels and functionality issues. S1 is associated with
1707:
1381:
128:
been handled by
Wheelchair Sports, USA (WSUSA) who managed wheelchair track, field, slalom, and long-distance events. For wheelchair basketball in Canada, classification is handled by
53:
and 4 point player in wheelchair basketball. The process for classification into this class has a medical and functional classification process. This process is often sport specific.
117:
113:
46:
42:
799:
570:
1347:
1262:
1173:
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1700:
1139:
1318:
1201:
1928:
70:
usually can bend one hip backward to push the thigh into the chair, and can bend one ankle downward to push down with the foot. Neurological level: S1-S2."
1231:
165:
they throw weighs .6 kilograms (1.3 lb). The shot put used by women in this class weighs less than the traditional one at 3 kilograms (6.6 lb).
1063:
423:
95:
issues in their gluts and hamstrings. Their quadriceps are likely to be unaffected. They may be absent sensation below the knees and in the groin area.
648:
1810:
1693:
1367:
1897:
1740:
368:
1795:
1800:
972:
1856:
1805:
1648:
1117:
201:
677:
1959:
1923:
537:
1279:
1091:
281:
Classification is often sport specific, and has two parts: a medical classification process and a functional classification process.
1902:
1882:
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505:
1938:
1933:
1861:
1716:
1411:
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34:
1012:"The (Non)sense of the Present-Day Classification System of Sports for the Disabled, Regarding Paralysed and Amputee Athletes"
1775:
1730:
247:
811:
582:
1918:
1851:
1760:
1473:
993:
Chow, J. W., & Mindock, L. A. (1999). Discus throwing performances and medical classification of wheelchair athletes.
155:
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1583:
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1148:
1770:
1755:
1543:
706:
79:
1400:
129:
1239:
277:
A sample medical classification form. Sportspeople would need some form of this sent to a classification panel.
210:
1765:
1074:
868:
Chapter 4. 4 - Position
Statement on background and scientific rationale for classification in Paralympic sport
849:
Chapter 4. 4 - Position
Statement on background and scientific rationale for classification in Paralympic sport
830:
Chapter 4. 4 - Position Statement on background and scientific rationale for classification in Paralympic sport
628:
Chapter 4. 4 - Position Statement on background and scientific rationale for classification in Paralympic sport
434:
778:"SPECIAL SECTION ADAPTATIONS TO USA TRACK & FIELD RULES OF COMPETITION FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES"
732:"SPECIAL SECTION ADAPTATIONS TO USA TRACK & FIELD RULES OF COMPETITION FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES"
656:
402:"SPECIAL SECTION ADAPTATIONS TO USA TRACK & FIELD RULES OF COMPETITION FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES"
1846:
286:
344:
National Governing Body for Athletics of Wheelchair Sports, USA. Chapter 2: Competition Rules for Athletics
1529:
218:
1735:
227:
185:
452:
924:"Kinematic Analysis of Javelin Throw Performed by Wheelchair Athletes of Different Functional Classes"
1634:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
377:
159:
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61:
1629:
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1619:
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1599:
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1569:
1564:
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1549:
1459:
1454:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
20:
777:
731:
401:
980:
753:
269:
A standard bench press form used to for functional classification for wheelchair sportspeople.
953:
935:
899:
685:
606:
485:
458:
545:
1674:
943:
342:
91:
1095:
1092:"Simplified Rules of Wheelchair Basketball and a Brief Guide to the Classification system"
50:
112:
In general, classification for spinal cord injuries and wheelchair sport is overseen by
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
948:
923:
235:
205:
802:[Activate e-sports for people with disabilities: Sports Classification Study]
573:[Activate e-sports for people with disabilities: Sports Classification Study]
513:
1953:
314:
1011:
124:
skiing, ice sledge hockey, powerlifting, shooting, swimming, and wheelchair dance.
1685:
1359:
893:
600:
479:
19:
This article is about the wheelchair sport classification. For other uses, see
304:
939:
957:
376:(in European Spanish). Spain: Consejo Superior de Deportes. Archived from
214:
The original ISMGF classification system used at early Paralympic Games.
481:
Wheelchair Sport: A Complete Guide for Athletes, Coaches, and Teachers
678:"IWAS Athletics - Int'l Wheelchair & Amputee Sports Federation"
272:
264:
230:
was one of the earliest sports available to people in this class.
217:
60:
65:
Functional profile of a wheelchair sportsperson in the F7 class.
1689:
1363:
922:
Chow, John W.; Kuenster, Ann F.; Lim, Young-tae (2003-06-01).
973:"Para-Athlete (AWD) entry form ā NSW PSSA Track & Field"
1348:"IWF RULES FOR COMPETITION, BOOK 4 ā CLASSIFICATION RULES"
1263:"IWF RULES FOR COMPETITION, BOOK 4 ā CLASSIFICATION RULES"
1174:"IWF RULES FOR COMPETITION, BOOK 4 ā CLASSIFICATION RULES"
1043:"IWF RULES FOR COMPETITION, BOOK 4 ā CLASSIFICATION RULES"
1071:
International Paralympic Committee Classification Manual
431:
International Paralympic Committee Classification Manual
114:
International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation
43:
International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation
1062:
International Paralympic Committee (February 2005).
997:(9), 1272-1279. doi:10.1097/00005768-199909000-00007
874:. International Paralympic Committee. December 2009.
855:. International Paralympic Committee. December 2009.
836:. International Paralympic Committee. December 2009.
634:. International Paralympic Committee. December 2009.
422:
International Paralympic Committee (February 2005).
90:
People with a lesion at S1 have their hamstring and
38:
forwards. One side may be stronger than the other.
1911:
1870:
1829:
1723:
995:Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,31
599:Andrews, David L.; Carrington, Ben (2013-06-21).
711:Int'l Wheelchair & Amputee Sports Federation
653:Int'l Wheelchair & Amputee Sports Federation
542:Int'l Wheelchair & Amputee Sports Federation
510:Int'l Wheelchair & Amputee Sports Federation
1138:Arenberg, Debbie Hoefler, ed. (February 2015).
1064:"SWIMMING CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION MANUAL"
424:"SWIMMING CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION MANUAL"
347:. United States: Wheelchair Sports, USA. 2003.
41:Classification into this class is overseen by
1701:
1375:
1022:. International Medical Society of Paraplegia
917:
915:
895:The 50th Anniversary of Wheelchair Basketball
8:
1708:
1694:
1686:
1382:
1368:
1360:
892:Thiboutot, Armand; Craven, Philip (1996).
947:
1010:van Eijsden-Besseling, M. D. F. (1985).
928:Journal of Sports Science & Medicine
209:
1341:
1339:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1057:
1055:
887:
885:
883:
881:
321:
1118:"Applying for Adaptive Classification"
643:
641:
1005:
1003:
564:
562:
532:
530:
367:Consejo Superior de Deportes (2011).
362:
360:
358:
356:
354:
7:
977:New South Wales Department of Sports
707:"New Records in CPISRA Race Running"
478:Goosey-Tolfrey, Vicky (2010-01-01).
454:Adapted Physical Education and Sport
337:
335:
333:
331:
329:
327:
325:
202:Wheelchair basketball classification
14:
451:Winnick, Joseph P. (2011-01-01).
252:Wheelchair fencing classification
1399:
307:
1717:Disability sport classification
1391:Wheelchair sport classification
1094:. Cardiff Celts. Archived from
752:Canada, Wheelchair Basketball.
35:wheelchair sport classification
16:Wheelchair sport classification
248:Adaptive rowing classification
1:
800:"ģ„ģ ģøeģ¤ķ¬ģø ķģ±ķė„¼ ģķ ģ¤ķ¬ģø ė±źøė¶ė„ ģ°źµ¬"
571:"ģ„ģ ģøeģ¤ķ¬ģø ķģ±ķė„¼ ģķ ģ¤ķ¬ģø ė±źøė¶ė„ ģ°źµ¬"
156:Para-athletics classification
1236:International Disabled Bowls
758:Wheelchair Basketball Canada
179:Para-swimming classification
130:Wheelchair Basketball Canada
1147:. US Rowing. Archived from
810:(in Korean). Archived from
581:(in Korean). Archived from
1976:
1960:Parasports classifications
370:Deportistas sin Adjectivos
245:
199:
176:
153:
18:
1643:
1578:
1538:
1468:
1406:
1397:
1280:"Medical Diagnostic Form"
971:Sydney East PSSA (2016).
605:. John Wiley & Sons.
1141:Guide to Adaptive Rowing
1929:Intellectual disability
287:Modified Ashworth Scale
1346:IWAS (20 March 2011).
1308:"CLASSIFICATION GUIDE"
1261:IWAS (20 March 2011).
1191:"CLASSIFICATION GUIDE"
1172:IWAS (20 March 2011).
1041:IWAS (20 March 2011).
278:
270:
224:
215:
66:
1857:Wheelchair basketball
1649:Wheelchair basketball
785:USA Track & Field
739:USA Track & Field
409:USA Track & Field
276:
268:
228:Wheelchair basketball
221:
213:
196:Wheelchair basketball
186:cauda-equina syndrome
80:ankle plantar flexors
64:
602:A Companion to Sport
160:F57 (classification)
1903:Wheelchair curling
1883:Para-nordic skiing
1878:Para-alpine skiing
1816:Wheelchair fencing
1315:Swimming Australia
1242:on August 16, 2016
1232:"Bench Press Form"
1198:Swimming Australia
898:. Waxmann Verlag.
484:. Human Kinetics.
457:. Human Kinetics.
279:
271:
261:Getting classified
225:
216:
67:
1947:
1946:
1888:Para-snowboarding
1842:Football 7-a-side
1837:Football 5-a-side
1821:Wheelchair tennis
1724:Individual Sports
1683:
1682:
1967:
1939:Wheelchair sport
1912:Disability types
1862:Wheelchair rugby
1710:
1703:
1696:
1687:
1675:4.5 point player
1403:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1343:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1324:on June 15, 2016
1323:
1317:. Archived from
1312:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1284:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1238:. Archived from
1228:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1207:on June 15, 2016
1206:
1200:. Archived from
1195:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1153:
1146:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1122:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1073:. Archived from
1068:
1059:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1007:
998:
991:
985:
984:
979:. Archived from
968:
962:
961:
951:
919:
910:
909:
889:
876:
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819:
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754:"Classification"
749:
743:
742:
736:
728:
722:
721:
719:
718:
703:
697:
696:
694:
693:
684:. Archived from
674:
668:
667:
665:
664:
655:. Archived from
649:"ISMWSF History"
645:
636:
635:
633:
623:
617:
616:
596:
590:
589:
587:
576:
566:
557:
556:
554:
553:
544:. Archived from
534:
525:
524:
522:
521:
512:. Archived from
502:
496:
495:
475:
469:
468:
448:
442:
441:
439:
433:. Archived from
428:
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392:
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389:
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375:
364:
349:
348:
339:
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92:peroneal muscles
1975:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1907:
1866:
1825:
1776:Para-equestrian
1746:Disability golf
1731:Adaptive rowing
1719:
1714:
1684:
1679:
1639:
1574:
1534:
1464:
1404:
1393:
1388:
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1189:
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1132:
1120:
1116:
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1077:
1066:
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1053:
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110:
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88:
76:
59:
51:adaptive rowing
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1973:
1971:
1963:
1962:
1952:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1924:Cerebral palsy
1921:
1915:
1913:
1909:
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1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1874:
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1859:
1854:
1852:Sitting volley
1849:
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1813:
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1761:Para-athletics
1758:
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1715:
1713:
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1670:4 point player
1667:
1665:3 point player
1662:
1660:2 point player
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1655:1 point player
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1125:British Rowing
1109:
1098:on 6 June 2011
1083:
1080:on 2016-11-04.
1051:
1033:
999:
986:
983:on 2016-09-28.
963:
911:
904:
877:
858:
839:
820:
817:on 2016-08-17.
798:KOCCA (2011).
790:
769:
744:
723:
698:
669:
637:
618:
611:
591:
588:on 2016-08-17.
569:KOCCA (2011).
558:
538:"Other Sports"
526:
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440:on 2016-11-04.
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236:4 point player
206:4 point player
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1898:Sledge racing
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1791:Paratriathlon
1789:
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1786:Para-swimming
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1781:Para-shooting
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1796:Powerlifting
1771:Para-cycling
1756:Para-archery
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1410:
1326:. Retrieved
1319:the original
1314:
1302:
1290:. Retrieved
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1235:
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578:
550:. Retrieved
546:the original
541:
518:. Retrieved
514:the original
509:
506:"About IWAS"
500:
480:
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453:
446:
435:the original
430:
417:
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396:
385:. Retrieved
378:the original
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242:Other sports
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74:Neurological
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1919:Amputations
1830:Team Sports
1801:Racquetball
1102:22 November
1934:Les Autres
1158:2016-08-02
1016:Paraplegia
763:2016-08-03
717:2019-06-12
692:2016-07-29
663:2016-07-29
552:2016-07-30
520:2016-07-30
387:2016-07-28
301:References
246:See also:
200:See also:
177:See also:
154:See also:
108:Governance
99:Functional
86:Anatomical
57:Definition
1766:Paracanoe
1474:Athletics
940:1303-2968
150:Athletics
1954:Category
1847:Goalball
1584:Swimming
1328:June 24,
1292:July 30,
1246:July 29,
1211:June 24,
1026:July 25,
958:24616609
289:scores.
173:Swimming
1806:Sailing
1544:Cycling
1412:General
949:3938047
787:. 2002.
741:. 2002.
411:. 2002.
136:History
33:, is a
29:, also
1736:Boccia
956:
946:
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902:
713:. 2011
609:
488:
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145:Sports
1741:Bowls
1351:(PDF)
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808:KOCCA
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682:IWASF
632:(PDF)
586:(PDF)
579:KOCCA
575:(PDF)
438:(PDF)
427:(PDF)
405:(PDF)
381:(PDF)
374:(PDF)
223:time.
1751:Judo
1330:2016
1294:2016
1287:IWAS
1248:2016
1213:2016
1104:2011
1028:2016
954:PMID
936:ISSN
900:ISBN
607:ISBN
486:ISBN
459:ISBN
250:and
204:and
158:and
118:IWAS
47:IWAS
1635:S10
1530:T58
1525:T57
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1480:T42
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31:SP7
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