239:. It had numerous underground bunkers and tunnels, which could withstand heavy bombardment. There were three types of firing positions: trenches, loopholed palisades and European-style bastions from which fire could be directed along the frontages of the diamond. On the north-west corner was a tall lookout tower. At 5 am, on 2 February 1869, the advance party moved to within a few hundred meters of the stronghold and artillery opened fire. Māori returned rifle fire from within. Under cover of darkness, the colonial force closed the fort to within shouting distance. Both sides shouted and sang to encourage themselves until at 3 am the fighting reached a peak, gradually dying away until daybreak. At dawn, the army noticed the pā had gone very quiet. Three men approached the pa with great caution and found it deserted.
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garrison, a small Māori encampment, which had been found to be abandoned. Later after careful surveying, it was also discovered that, contrary to appearances, Turuturumokai was not as inconquerable as thought by
British troops. The Māori decision to leave Turuturumokai was a strategic move.
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His later understanding of the needed union of two peoples (Māori and settler) was incomparable. He advocated peace and diplomacy between the
British and Māoridom. He practised his own message, demonstrating great tolerance that was noted by many settlers and authority figures of his time.
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After the period of warfare he again became an advocate for peace and made diplomatic efforts between Māori, colonial settlers and the government. He was arrested and jailed after a peaceful occupation of land near Manaia in 1886 and he died two years later in 1888.
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In 1886, he was part of a peaceful occupation of land near Manaia. Tītokowaru and nine others were taken to
Wellington and, after being held in jail for two and a half months, were tried and sentenced to jail. He died on 18 August 1888 at his home in Ōkaiawai.
361:
James Belich. 'Tītokowaru, Riwha - Titokowaru, Riwha', Dictionary of New
Zealand Biography, first published in 1990, updated April, 2011. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/1t101/titokowaru-riwha (accessed 2 August
215:. The colonial response was to send a large contingent to destroy Tītokowaru's stronghold. On 7 September 1868 the colonial forces were defeated with heavy casualties. The stronghold was then abandoned. Amongst the dead was the famous
140:. A lot of what was accomplished by his father had been wrongly attributed to the son; being events of intertribal warring during his time of preadolescence. There is some mystery about his early life, but he is known to have become a
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rangatira, military commander, general and religious leader. He is considered to be one of the most capable and influential military strategists in New
Zealand history. As the founder of the renegade
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and proceeded to build another fortress pā. This diamond-shaped fortress is considered the strongest ever constructed in New
Zealand according to
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Hailed as a war leader, prophet and peacemaker, Tītokowaru's story lapsed into obscurity before being popularised by New
Zealand historian
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Riwha was a subtribal leader, having succeeded his father Tītokowaru the Elder (died 22 February 1848) of the
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in 1842 having been baptised and given the name of Hohepa Otene (named after the missionary). He joined the "
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Tītokowaru then advanced southward and defeated a second colonial force at
Moturoa. He then stopped at
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However, continuing disputes with settlers proved intolerable and in 1868 Tītokowaru went to war.
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In June 1868 Tītokowaru's forces destroyed a colonist blockhouse at
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412:"Ko Titokowaru: te poupou rangatira Titokowaru: a carved panel of the Taranaki leader"
156:, who he aspired to and wanted to be the successor of. However, Tītokowaru's religion
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in 1860 and 1861. He would later model himself off Te Ua Haumēne, the founder of
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faith, he cast himself as the successor to the contemporary
Taranaki prophet
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throughout Taranaki, though they were unable to force a decisive result.
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19th-century Māori leader; opponent of British colonisation of New Zealand
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In 1867, the year was declared by Tītokowaru to be a year of peace, "
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would have a greater focus on traditional religion than Pai Mārire.
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in his works on the New Zealand Wars. He is also the subject of a
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Tuhinga: Records of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
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Te Ngutu O te Manu, Whanganui – Taranaki 2001, 2002
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331:depicts a dialogue between Tītokowaru and Socrates
268:during a trial of the latter in Wellington, 1886
493:I Shall not Die. James Belich. Wellington 1989.
172:the year of the daughters...the year of the lamb
352:, (2015 ed.) Bridget Williams Books, pp. 2-3.
295:. The character, Te Kaipo, in the 2005 film
163:In 1865 and 1866, British troops conducted a
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483:The Fox Boy. Peter Walker. Bloomsbury. 2001
459:]. National Congress Library Washington.
350:I Shall Not Die: Titokowaru’s War, 1868–1869
223:. Turuturumokai was, previous to becoming a
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506:Military leaders of the New Zealand Wars
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521:New Zealand Māori religious leaders
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457:History of Ruanui – The War Years
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94:1823– 18 August 1888) was a
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201:Tītokowaru's War (1868–69)
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58:18 August 1888 (aged 65)
48:Te Takiwā-a-Ngāti Ruanui
394:Ngati Ruanui: a history
76:Unknown (secret burial)
451:Ms NJ Taniwha (2001).
372:"The year of the lamb"
327:, artist whose series
264:Titokowaru (left) and
66:Colony of New Zealand
526:People from Taranaki
329:Titokowaru's Dilemma
221:Gustavus von Tempsky
148:" and fought in the
536:Ngāti Ruanui people
408:Hokimate P. Harwood
392:Sole, Tony (2005).
396:. Huia Publishers.
382:Belich, pp.301-302
348:Belich, J. (1989)
150:First Taranaki War
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292:Monday's Warriors
165:punitive campaign
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127:Ngāti Ruanui
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516:1888 deaths
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473:|work=
298:River Queen
219:adventurer
500:Categories
489:0747553475
440:Q106839812
336:References
243:Later life
178:, down to
154:Pai Mārire
131:Ngāruahine
121:Early life
50:, Aotearoa
475:ignored (
465:cite book
432:1173-4337
426:: 16–24.
184:Whanganui
142:Methodist
136:in South
60:Ōkaiawa,
436:Wikidata
410:(2014).
309:See also
266:Te Whiti
217:Prussian
188:Pipiriki
138:Taranaki
96:Taranaki
424:Te Papa
158:Ringatū
103:Ringatū
44:Ōkaiawa
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289:novel
225:Pākehā
213:Hāwera
176:Hawera
86:(born
72:Burial
41:c.1823
455:[
362:2024)
180:Patea
99:Māori
88:Riwha
485:ISBN
477:help
428:ISSN
182:and
129:and
55:Died
38:Born
134:iwi
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