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is also widely used, although it is not formally approved for tumescent anesthesia in the USA. A combination of lidocaine/prilocaine has been used in radio frequency ablation of varicose veins, and has been suggested as appropriate for cases where a great volume of tumescent anesthesia is required. A
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double-blind randomized intraindividual study of lidocaine versus prilocaine in tumescent anesthesia for liposuction revealed no differences in efficacy or tolerability, except that lidocaine had a slightly more rapid onset of action. A clinician reported favorably on the use of
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Augustin, Matthias; Maier, Kristina; Sommer, Boris; Sattler, Gerhard; Herberger, Katharina (2010). "Double-blind, randomized, intraindividual comparison study of the efficacy of prilocaine and lidocaine in tumescent local anesthesia".
39:. It is a relatively safe way to achieve extensive regional anesthesia of skin and subcutaneous tissue with a high total dose but a low risk of systemic toxicity. The subcutaneous infiltration of a large volume of very dilute
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Kendler, Michael; Simon, Jan C.; Wetzig, Tino (June 2013). "Local anesthesia with lidocaine and prilocaine, using the tumescent technique, for the radiofrequency ablation of lower extremity varicose veins".
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causes the targeted tissue to become swollen and firm, or tumescent, and permits otherwise painful procedures to be performed on patients without subjecting them to the inherent risks of
451:
Breuninger, H.; Hobbach, P. S.; Schimek, F. (October 1999). "Ropivacaine: an important anesthetic agent for slow infusion and other forms of tumescent anesthesia".
67:(1 ppm). For lidocaine, total doses of 35 mg/kg and 55 mg/kg have been reported as reasonably safe high-end doses, in the context of liposuction.
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Ostad, A.; Kageyama, N.; Moy, R. L. (November 1996). "Tumescent anesthesia with a lidocaine dose of 55 mg/kg is safe for liposuction".
23:. It also makes the target tissue firm and turgid from absorbed water, which can aid certain procedures. It was originally devised for
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Burk, R. W.; Guzman-Stein, G.; Vasconez, L. O. (June 1996). "Lidocaine and epinephrine levels in tumescent technique liposuction".
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Klein, J. A. (March 1990). "Tumescent technique for regional anesthesia permits lidocaine doses of 35 mg/kg for liposuction".
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for slow-infusion tumescent anesthesia, where ropivacaine provided local anesthesia for about twice as long as lidocaine.
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Klein, J. A. (November 1993). "Tumescent technique for local anesthesia improves safety in large-volume liposuction".
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Rudolph H. De Jong. International
Journal of Cosmetic Surgery and Aesthetic Dermatology. March 1, 2002, 4(1): 3-7.
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252:The Journal of Dermatologic Surgery and Oncology
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100:. St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby, Inc, 2000.
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