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equinoxes and solstices--still fell on different dates. By the time of the first century, the calendar date of the winter solstice in Egypt and
Palestine was eleven to twelve days later than the date in Rome. As a result the Incarnation came to be celebrated on different days in different parts of the Empire. The Western Church, in its desire to be universal, eventually took them both--one became Christmas, one Epiphany--with a resulting twelve days in between. Over time this hiatus became invested with specific Christian meaning. The Church gradually filled these days with saints, some connected to the birth narratives in Gospels (Holy Innocents' Day, December 28, in honor of the infants slaughtered by Herod; St. John the Evangelist, "the Beloved," December 27; St. Stephen, the first Christian martyr, December 26; the Holy Family, December 31; the Virgin Mary, January 1). In 567, the Council of Tours declared the twelve days between Christmas and Epiphany to become one unified festal cycle.
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psallatur, et hora octava in ipsis
Kalendis Circumcisionis missa Deo propitio celebretur. (Translation: "In December until Christmas, they are to fast each day. Since between Christmas and Epiphany there are feasts on each day, they shall have a full meal, except during the three-day period on which, in order to tread Gentile customs down, our fathers established that private litanies for the
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832:; they would remain hung on each home's front door beginning on Christmas Night (first night of Christmas) through Twelfth Night or Epiphany morning. As was already the tradition in their native England, all decorations would be taken down by Epiphany morning and the remainder of the edibles would be consumed. A special cake, the
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was titled 'Our
Christmas Wreath':The Times Saturday, 19 December 1896; pg. 4; Issue 35078; col C. There is a custom of decorating graves at Christmas with somber wreaths of evergreen, which is still observed in parts of England, and this may have militated against the circle being the accepted shape
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De
Decembri usque ad natale Domini, omni die ieiunent. Et quia inter natale Domini et epiphania omni die festivitates sunt, itemque prandebunt. Excipitur triduum illud, quo ad calcandam gentilium consuetudinem, patres nostri statuerunt privatas in Kalendariis Ianuarii fieri litanias, ut in ecclesiis
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discussed whether
Christmas wreaths were an alien importation or a version of the native evergreen 'bunch'/'bough'/'garland'/'wassail bush' traditionally displayed in England at Christmas. One correspondent described those she had seen placed on doors in country districts as either a plain bunch, a
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of 567 noted that, in the area for which its bishops were responsible, the days between
Christmas and Epiphany were, like the month of August, taken up entirely with saints' days. Monks were therefore in principle not bound to fast on those days. However, the first three days of the year were to be
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In 567 AD, the
Council of Tours ended a dispute. Western Europe celebrated Christmas, 25 December, as the holiest day of the season... but Eastern Europe celebrated Epiphany, 6 January, recalling the Wise Men's visit and Jesus' baptism. It could not be decided which day was holier, so the Council
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This arrangement became an administrative problem for the Roman Empire as it tried to coordinate the solar Julian calendar with the lunar calendars of its provinces in the east. While the Romans could roughly match the months in the two systems, the four cardinal points of the solar year--the two
1406:
The Second
Council of Tours (can. xi, xvii) proclaims, in 566 or 567, the sanctity of the "twelve days" from Christmas to Epiphany, and the duty of Advent fast; ...and that of Braga (563) forbids fasting on Christmas Day. Popular merry-making, however, so increased that the "Laws of King Cnut",
1141:
The Twelve Days of
Christmas ... in most of the Western Church are the twelve days from Christmas until the beginning of Epiphany (January 6th; the 12 days count from December 25th until January 5th). In some traditions, the first day of Christmas begins on the evening of December 25th with the
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is transferred to the first Sunday after 1 January, which can occur as early as 2 January. That solemnity, then, together with customary observances associated with it, usually occur within the Twelve Days of
Christmas, even if these are considered to end on 5 January rather than 6 January.
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Western Europe celebrated Christmas December 25 as the holiest day. Eastern Europe celebrated January 6 the Epiphany, the visit of the Wise Men, as the holiest day... and so they had this council and they decided to make all twelve days from December 25 to January 6 the Twelve Days of
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remains the night of the most festive parties and exchanges of gifts. Some households exchange gifts on the first (25 December) and last (5 January) days of the Twelve Days. As in former times, the Twelfth Night to the morning of Epiphany is the traditional time during which
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shape like a torque or open circle, and occasionally a more elaborate shape like a bell or interlaced circles. She felt the use of the words 'Christmas wreath' had 'funereal associations' for English people who would prefer to describe it as a 'garland'. An advertisement in
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Christians who celebrate the Twelve Days may give gifts on each of them, with each of the Twelve Days representing a wish for a corresponding month of the new year. They may feast on traditional foods and otherwise celebrate the entire time through the morning of the
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As with the Easter cycle, churches today celebrate the Christmas cycle in different ways. Practically all Protestants observe Christmas itself, with services on 25 December or the evening before. Anglicans, Lutherans and other churches that use the ecumenical
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will likely observe the four Sundays of Advent, maintaining the ancient emphasis on the eschatological (First Sunday), ascetic (Second and Third Sundays), and scriptural/historical (Fourth Sunday). Besides Christmas Eve/Day, they will observe a 12-day
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The Council of Tours (567) proclaimed the twelve days from Christmas to Epiphany as a sacred and festive season, and established the duty of Advent fasting in preparation for the feast. The Council of Braga (563) forbade fasting on Christmas
613:, because according to Jewish tradition He would have been circumcised on the eighth day after His Birth, inclusively counting the first day and last day. This day, or some day proximate to it, is also celebrated by the Roman Catholics as
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of Friday, 26 December 1862; pg. 1; Issue 24439; col A, however, refers to an entertainment at Crystal Palace featuring 'Extraordinary decorations, wreaths of evergreens ...', and in 1896 the special Christmas edition of
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Around the year 400 the feasts of St Stephen, John the Evangelist and the Holy Innocents were added on succeeding days, and in 567 the Council of Tours ratified the enduring 12-day cycle between the nativity and the
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The early North American colonists brought their version of the Twelve Days over from England, and adapted them to their new country, adding their own variations over the years. For example, the modern-day Christmas
231:
fasting in preparation for the feast." Christopher Hill, as well as William J. Federer, states that this was done in order to solve the "administrative problem for the Roman Empire as it tried to coordinate the
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is the last day for decorations to be taken down, and it is held to be bad luck to leave decorations up after this. This is in contrast to the custom in Elizabethan England, when decorations were left up until
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January 5th: Twelfth Night or Epiphany Eve. Twelfth Night, the last evening of the traditional Twelve Days of Christmas, has been observed with festive celebration ever since the Middle Ages.
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may have originated with these colonials. A homemade wreath would be fashioned from local greenery, and fruits, if available, were added. Making the wreaths was one of the traditions of
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on the Sunday within the Octave of Christmas or, if there is no such Sunday, on 30 December. Outside the Octave, but within the Twelve Days of Christmas, there are the feasts of Sts.
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days of prayer and penance so that faithful Christians would refrain from participating in the idolatrous practices and debauchery associated with the new year celebrations. The
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The Council of Tours (567) decreed the 12 days from Christmas to Epiphany to be sacred and especially joyous, thus setting the stage for the celebration of the Lord's birth...
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who follow the same traditions have a twelve-day interval between the two feasts. Christmas and Epiphany are celebrated by these churches on 25 December and 6 January of the
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563:". The transition that evening to the new year is an occasion for secular festivities in many nations, and in several languages is known as "St. Sylvester Night" ("
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where traditionally authority is mocked and the principal male lead is played by a woman, while the leading older female character, or 'Dame', is played by a man.
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following day considered the First Day of Christmas (December 26th). In these traditions, the twelve days begin December 26 and include Epiphany on January 6.
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in nineteenth-century America, with their emphasis on generous giving; introduction of secular traditions in the 19th and 20th centuries, e. g., the American
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The traditions of the Twelve Days of Christmas have been nearly forgotten in the United States. Contributing factors include the popularity of the stories of
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In England in the Middle Ages, this period was one of continuous feasting and merrymaking, which climaxed on Twelfth Night, the traditional end of the
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301:. During this period one celebration leads into another. The Nativity of Christ is a three-day celebration: the formal title of the first day (i.e.
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506:, if it is considered to be part of the Twelve Days of Christmas and not as the day preceding the Twelve Days, is celebrated by Christians as the
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celebrate the Birth and Baptism of Christ on the same day, so that there is no distinction between a feast of Christmas and a feast of Epiphany.
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278:, which correspond to 7 and 19 January on the Gregorian calendar. The Twelve Days, using the Gregorian calendar, end at sunset on 18 January.
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514:. It is a public holiday in many nations, including some where the majority of the population is not Christian. On this see the articles on
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227:(that is, through the end of 5 January, as Epiphany begins the following day) as a sacred and festive season, and established the duty of
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sales" that commence on 26 December demonstrate. The commercial calendar has encouraged an erroneous assumption that the Twelve Days
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made all 12 days from 25 December to 6 January "holy days" or "holidays," These became known as "The Twelve Days of Christmas."
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Christmas is a major holiday for Christians, although some non-Christians in the United States also mark the day as a holiday.
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In the year 567 the church council of Tours called the 13 days between December 25 and January 6 a festival season.
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for door decorations until the re-establishment of the tradition from America in the mid-to-late 20th century.
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that occur within the Octave of Christmas and therefore also within the Twelve Days of Christmas are the
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Another of the more prominent festivals that are included among the Twelve Great Feasts is that of the
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There are, in fact, twelve days between Christmas Day and the eve of the Epiphany on January 5.
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is the First Day. The Twelve Days are 25 December to 5 January, counting first and last. The
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on Christmas Eve and letting it burn some more on each of the twelve nights. For some, the
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after the Nativity has its own liturgical commemoration in honour of "The Righteous Ones:
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Within the Twelve Days of Christmas, there are celebrations both secular and religious.
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of Christmas. It has also been celebrated, and still is in some denominations, as the
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Holidays and Holy Nights: Celebrating Twelve Seasonal Festivals of the Christian Year
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1655:"The Octave Day of Christmas: Historical Development and Modern Liturgical Practice"
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is a federal holiday which holds additional religious significance for Christians.
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on 5 January (the last night before Epiphany which started 6 January).
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was circumcised according to the faith. The evening of the last day is
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of January be chanted in the churches, and that on the Calends itself
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Alleluia. Unto us a child is born: O come, let us adore Him. Alleluia.
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nations still celebrate some aspects of the Twelve Days of Christmas.
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1163:. New York: Church Publishing Incorporated. January 2007. p. 43
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following the Nativity is commemorated by special readings from the
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For the Eastern Orthodox, both Christmas and Epiphany are among the
871:, hold key elements of the celebrations such as the consumption of
857:, 26 December, is a national holiday in many Commonwealth nations.
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1960:
Christmas Trivia: 200 Fun & Fascinating Facts About Christmas
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used it as the setting for one of his most famous stage plays,
684:(633) ordered a strict fast on those days, on the model of the
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This article is about the religious period. For the carol, see
764:
2090:
1575:"Excerpts from the Orthodox Church by Bishop Kallistos Ware"
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fabricated c. 1110, order a fast from Christmas to Epiphany.
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and its former colonies, it is also the secular holiday of
444:. The Eve of the Theophany on 5 January is a day of strict
201:, however, Christmastide lasts longer, running through the
1857:(reprint of a magazine article). Retrieved 3 January 2011.
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on Christmas Day and must therefore begin on 14 December.
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Many American Christians still celebrate the traditional
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and then the Divine Liturgy of Saint Basil combined with
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Jean Hardouin; Philippe Labbé; Gabriel Cossart (1714).
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parties. Presently, the commercial practice treats the
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Some of these traditions were adapted from the older
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be celebrated at the eighth hour for God's favour.")
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Feast of the Holy Family of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph
429:, and so the service celebrated on that day is the
425:on 1 January. On this same day is the feast day of
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1229:. Catholic Diocese of Little Rock. 9 January 2022
1989:Stories Behind the Great Traditions of Christmas
1957:Caulkins, Mary; Jennie Miller Helderman (2002).
1770:In 1953 a correspondence in the letter pages of
646:Memorial of St. Thomas Becket, Bishop and Martyr
2075:The Twelve Days of Christmas: A Carol Catechism
620:In many nations, e. g., the United States, the
460:, at the conclusion of which is celebrated the
2019:. White Plains, New York: Peter Pauper Press.
667:Other saints are celebrated at a local level.
545:. In some parts of Ireland it is denominated "
223:"proclaimed the twelve days from Christmas to
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1545:(Liturgical Press 2010 ISBN 978-0-81463932-0)
564:
297:The period between Christmas and Epiphany is
22:The Twelve Days of Christmas (disambiguation)
8:
1371:. Liturgy Training Publications. p. 8.
1227:"Christ's baptism ends the Christmas season"
924:; and increase in the popularity of secular
582:
576:
570:
1511:. Event occurs at 01:15:14. Archived from
1214:of Christmas from 25 December to 5 January.
352:. 29 December is the Orthodox Feast of the
88:Varies by denomination, culture, and nation
3484:
2113:
2099:
2091:
1421:"Origins of Christmas and Easter holidays"
1303:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
492:is served for the Feast of the Theophany.
472:. There are certain parallels between the
40:
31:
811:Learn how and when to remove this message
735:was chosen to lead the Christmas revels.
638:Feast of St. John, Apostle and Evangelist
1616:Acta Conciliorum et Epistolae Decretales
695:
360:of the Nativity (similar to the Western
321:; the second day is referred to as the "
185:For Christian denominations such as the
178:or Epiphany Eve, the next morning being
27:Period between 25 December and 5 January
1826:. Twenty-First Century Books. pp.
1569:
1567:
1565:
1096:Alexander, J. Neil (1 September 2014).
1060:
753:. Some also have an echo in modern-day
1471:Federer, William J. (6 January 2014).
1296:
1275:. Holford-Strevens, Leofranc. Oxford.
1251:Universal Norms on the Liturgical Year
3443:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
1992:. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan.
1501:, William Federer (6 November 2014).
1152:
1150:
1122:
1120:
7:
1618:(in Latin). Typographia Regia, Paris
1127:Bratcher, Dennis (10 October 2014).
836:, was also baked then for Epiphany.
793:adding citations to reliable sources
329:", and commemorates the role of the
1986:Collins, Ace; Clint Hansen (2003).
1931:The World Encyclopedia of Christmas
1419:Bunson, Matthew (21 October 2007).
611:Feast of the Circumcision of Christ
583:
193:, the Twelve Days are identical to
18:The Twelve Days of Christmas (song)
1820:Sirvaitis, Karen (1 August 2010).
1388:Martindale, Cyril Charles (1908).
1192:. Armour Publishing. p. 103.
671:Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages
662:Memorial of the Holy Name of Jesus
96:25 December – 5 January, inclusive
57:Basilica of San Francesco d'Assisi
14:
1593:"World Day of Peace | USCCB"
605:, liturgically celebrated on the
476:chanted on Paramony and those of
3902:Eastern Orthodox liturgical days
3864:
3863:
3319:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
3214:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
1823:The European American Experience
1272:The Oxford companion to the year
769:
603:Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
266:(other than the Armenians), the
203:Feast of the Baptism of the Lord
2077:. Vancouver: Suite 101 eBooks.
1425:Eternal Word Television Network
1174:On the Twelve Days of Christmas
845:United Kingdom and Commonwealth
780:needs additional citations for
701:Twelfth Night (The King Drinks)
578:Réveillon de la Saint-Sylvestre
243:of its provinces in the east."
3299:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
3228:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
2611:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
2390:Legend of the Christmas Spider
1901:"The Twelve Days of Christmas"
1473:"On the 12th Day of Christmas"
1337:Fox, Adam (19 December 2003).
1131:. Christian Resource Institute
555:(31 December) is the feast of
1:
3250:Christmas television specials
3149:The New Oxford Book of Carols
2236:Annunciation to the shepherds
2042:Wells, Robin Headlam (2005).
1269:Blackburn, Bonnie J. (1999).
707:
480:, to show that, according to
431:Divine Liturgy of Saint Basil
416:James the Brother of the Lord
3304:Christmas and holiday season
2017:The Twelve Days of Christmas
2015:Evans, Martin Marix (2002).
1796:"Epiphany in United Kingdom"
1509:Trinity Broadcasting Network
1031:The Twelve Days of Christmas
215:Christmastide § History
142:Twelve Days of Christmastide
1453:. Quest Books. p. 91.
1158:"The Book of Common Prayer"
902:Twelfth Night costumers in
865:, and others, particularly
642:Feast of the Holy Innocents
55:at the Lower Church of the
3928:
2216:Adoration of the Shepherds
2048:Cambridge University Press
1449:Hill, Christopher (2003).
1367:Hynes, Mary Ellen (1993).
1001:Episcopal Church in the US
951:and Christmas, especially
692:England in the Middle Ages
464:, in commemoration of the
311:Adoration of the Shepherds
212:
15:
3859:
3460:WWE Tribute to the Troops
3221:A Visit from St. Nicholas
3142:The Oxford Book of Carols
2718:Feast of the Seven Fishes
2281:Massacre of the Innocents
2130:
2073:Hoh, John L. Jr. (2001).
1394:The Catholic Encyclopedia
1369:Companion to the Calendar
1253:, #33 (14 February 1969)"
1207:Revised Common Lectionary
1070:The American Book of Days
849:Many in the UK and other
632:liturgical feasts on the
253:Armenian Apostolic Church
168:Feast of the Circumcision
48:The Adoration of the Magi
39:
3262:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
1855:Twelve Days of Christmas
1735:4,000 Years of Christmas
1538:Kelly, Joseph F (2010).
1098:Days, Weeks, and Seasons
682:Fourth Council of Toledo
648:on 29 December; and the
462:Great Blessing of Waters
436:On 2 January begins the
290:that are only second to
257:Armenian Catholic Church
138:Twelve Days of Christmas
35:Twelve Days of Christmas
3424:Small Business Saturday
3294:Black Friday (shopping)
3289:Black Friday (partying)
2783:Nine Lessons and Carols
2713:Events and celebrations
1928:Bowler, Gerald (2000).
1708:. New York: Macmillan.
1579:www.fatheralexander.org
1320:"Feast of the Nativity"
1318:Fr. Francis X. Weiser.
1068:Hatch, Jane M. (1978).
742:customs, including the
677:Second Council of Tours
317:and the arrival of the
148:season celebrating the
3068:Post-War United States
2044:Shakespeare's Humanism
1963:. New York: Gramercy.
1680:(Liturgical Press 1990
1653:Labadie, Christopher.
1543:The Feast of Christmas
1129:"The Christmas Season"
930:Solemnity of Christmas
909:In the United States,
906:
840:Modern Western customs
761:Colonial North America
714:
634:General Roman Calendar
577:
571:
566:Notte di San Silvestro
565:
559:and is known also as "
533:", a feast day in the
423:Circumcision of Christ
375:
20:. For other uses, see
3117:Hit singles in the US
3112:Hit singles in the UK
2673:Carols by Candlelight
2601:Santa Claus' daughter
2209:Adoration of the Magi
1877:Catholic Encyclopedia
1188:Truscott, Jeffrey A.
1100:. Church Publishing.
1026:Solemnity of Epiphany
1013:Book of Common Prayer
901:
699:
660:on 2 January and the
622:Solemnity of Epiphany
599:Roman Catholic Church
427:Saint Basil the Great
370:
199:Roman Catholic Church
3897:December observances
3409:Santa's Candy Castle
2733:Google Santa Tracker
1934:. Toronto: M&S.
1922:Catholic and Culture
1918:12 Days of Christmas
1782:The Girl's Own Paper
1732:Count, Earl (1997).
1548:. Liturgical Press.
1322:. Catholic Culture.
875:, roasted goose and
789:improve this article
658:Gregory of Nazianzus
640:on 27 December; the
557:Pope St. Sylvester I
523:Christmas traditions
512:Nativity of the Lord
496:Western Christianity
408:Joseph the Betrothed
247:Eastern Christianity
162:, or Eighth Day, is
140:, also known as the
3907:January observances
3414:Santa Claus Village
3329:Christmas Mountains
3235:Journey of the Magi
2241:Baptism of the Lord
1890:Popular Merrymaking
1678:The Liturgical Year
1515:on 25 December 2014
1249:"Bl. Pope Paul VI,
985:Orthodox Christians
723:William Shakespeare
288:Twelve Great Feasts
3524:Twelve-dish supper
3374:Jews and Christmas
3324:Christmas Lectures
3053:American Civil War
2788:NORAD Tracks Santa
2164:Saint Nicholas Day
1916:Primarily subhead
1894:Liturgy and Custom
1888:Primarily subhead
907:
715:
615:World Day of Peace
581:" in French, and "
376:
187:Anglican Communion
144:, are the festive
3879:
3878:
3855:
3854:
3519:Thirteen desserts
3439:Virginia O'Hanlon
3284:Advent Conspiracy
3198:Films (Christmas,
3190:A Christmas Carol
3135:Carols for Choirs
2678:Cavalcade of Magi
2658:Boar's Head Feast
2327:Star of Bethlehem
2298:Nativity of Jesus
2286:flight into Egypt
2171:St. Stephen's Day
2057:978-0-521-82438-5
2026:978-0-88088-776-2
1999:978-0-310-24880-4
1970:978-0-517-22070-2
1941:978-0-7710-1531-1
1853:HumorMatters.com
1738:. Ulysses Press.
1541:Joseph F. Kelly,
1475:. American Minute
1339:"'Tis the season"
1107:978-0-89869-874-9
1034:, and lighting a
1003:, having its own
868:A Christmas Carol
821:
820:
813:
749:and the Germanic
531:St. Stephen's Day
488:. That night the
482:Orthodox theology
307:Nativity of Jesus
282:Eastern Orthodoxy
272:Eastern Catholics
264:Oriental Orthodox
134:
133:
3919:
3871:
3867:
3866:
3702:Redcurrant sauce
3491:
3485:
3480:
3454:Winter festivals
3204:Christmas horror
3171:
3082:
2913:
2768:Meals and feasts
2688:Christmas jumper
2635:
2606:Santa's reindeer
2558:
2504:Father Christmas
2468:
2425:Santa's workshop
2346:
2308:in later culture
2186:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2124:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2092:
2086:
2069:
2038:
2011:
1982:
1953:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1905:Catholic Culture
1887:
1885:
1883:
1858:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1792:
1786:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1729:
1723:
1719:
1705:The Golden Bough
1696:
1690:
1687:978-0-81466047-8
1673:
1667:
1666:
1665:(1, art. 8): 89.
1650:
1644:
1643:
1625:
1623:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1589:
1583:
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1571:
1560:
1559:
1535:
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1385:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1351:
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1334:
1328:
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1315:
1309:
1308:
1302:
1294:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1170:
1168:
1162:
1154:
1145:
1144:
1138:
1136:
1124:
1115:
1114:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1065:
816:
809:
805:
802:
796:
773:
765:
719:Christmas season
712:
709:
644:on 28 December;
586:
585:
580:
574:
568:
529:26 December is "
466:Baptism of Jesus
374:of the Theophany
268:Eastern Orthodox
221:Council of Tours
69:Observed by
44:
32:
3927:
3926:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3875:
3869:
3851:
3817:Pickled herring
3790:
3759:
3706:
3697:Cranberry sauce
3680:
3659:
3635:Red velvet cake
3620:Poppy seed roll
3538:
3489:
3478:
3476:
3470:
3449:White Christmas
3339:Christmas truce
3334:Christmas seals
3314:Christmas creep
3276:
3274:
3268:
3169:
3163:
3080:
3074:
2911:
2905:
2758:Lord of Misrule
2693:Christmas Peace
2643:Advent calendar
2633:
2627:
2576:Knecht Ruprecht
2556:
2554:
2548:
2470:
2466:
2459:
2348:
2344:
2336:
2261:Herod the Great
2196:
2190:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2089:
2072:
2058:
2041:
2027:
2014:
2000:
1985:
1971:
1956:
1942:
1927:
1909:
1907:
1899:
1881:
1879:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1861:
1852:
1848:
1838:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1804:
1802:
1800:timeanddate.com
1794:
1793:
1789:
1769:
1765:
1757:
1753:
1746:
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1698:
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1591:
1590:
1586:
1573:
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1563:
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1537:
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1532:
1518:
1516:
1504:Praise the Lord
1497:
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1187:
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1126:
1125:
1118:
1108:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1080:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1045:Christmas trees
993:Roman Catholics
957:Anglo-Catholics
918:Charles Dickens
896:
863:Charles Dickens
847:
842:
817:
806:
800:
797:
786:
774:
763:
733:Lord of Misrule
710:
694:
673:
654:Basil the Great
569:" in Italian, "
498:
490:All-Night Vigil
309:, but also the
294:in importance.
284:
276:Julian calendar
249:
241:lunar calendars
237:Julian calendar
217:
211:
191:Lutheran Church
109:Related to
64:
28:
25:
12:
11:
5:
3925:
3923:
3915:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3884:
3883:
3877:
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3874:
3873:
3860:
3857:
3856:
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3852:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3798:
3796:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3767:
3765:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3748:Smoking Bishop
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3714:
3712:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3688:
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3681:
3679:
3678:
3673:
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3661:
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3658:
3657:
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3647:
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3607:
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3597:
3592:
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3582:
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3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3495:
3493:
3482:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3436:
3431:
3429:Super Saturday
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3359:Giving Tuesday
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3309:Christmas club
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3280:
3278:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3207:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3186:
3175:
3173:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3156:Piae Cantiones
3152:
3145:
3138:
3128:
3122:Music charts (
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3086:
3084:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2917:
2915:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
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2858:
2851:
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2841:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2807:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
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2755:
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2745:
2740:
2735:
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2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2639:
2637:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2591:Père Fouettard
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2562:
2560:
2557:Saint Nicholas
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2509:Grandpa Indian
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2477:Saint Nicholas
2473:
2471:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2415:Old Man Winter
2412:
2407:
2402:
2400:Miner's figure
2397:
2392:
2387:
2385:Kallikantzaros
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2351:
2349:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2315:Nativity scene
2312:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2295:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2200:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2153:
2150:Children's Day
2146:
2139:
2136:Blue Christmas
2131:
2128:
2127:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2095:
2088:
2087:
2070:
2056:
2039:
2025:
2012:
1998:
1983:
1969:
1954:
1940:
1925:
1897:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1846:
1836:
1812:
1787:
1763:
1759:New York Times
1751:
1744:
1724:
1714:
1691:
1668:
1645:
1602:
1584:
1561:
1554:
1530:
1490:
1459:
1441:
1411:
1377:
1359:
1329:
1310:
1281:
1261:
1240:
1218:
1198:
1180:
1146:
1116:
1106:
1088:
1078:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1053:
926:New Year's Eve
895:
892:
846:
843:
841:
838:
819:
818:
777:
775:
768:
762:
759:
693:
690:
672:
669:
664:on 3 January.
630:Roman Catholic
591:New Year's Day
587:" in Hebrew).
575:" in German, "
572:Silvesternacht
553:New Year's Eve
539:United Kingdom
535:Western Church
497:
494:
412:David the King
400:Divine Liturgy
354:Holy Innocents
283:
280:
248:
245:
213:Main article:
210:
207:
164:New Year's Day
132:
131:
110:
106:
105:
102:
98:
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94:
90:
89:
86:
82:
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78:
74:
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66:
65:
45:
37:
36:
26:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3924:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3892:Christmastide
3890:
3889:
3887:
3872:
3862:
3861:
3858:
3848:
3845:
3842:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3795:Meat and fish
3793:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3756:
3753:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3733:Hot chocolate
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3668:
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3662:
3656:
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3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
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3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
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3588:
3586:
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3578:
3576:
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3568:
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3558:
3556:
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3551:
3548:
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3545:
3541:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3496:
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3492:
3486:
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3473:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3434:Ugly sweaters
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
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3392:
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3387:
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3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3344:Controversies
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
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827:
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801:December 2016
794:
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784:
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778:This section
776:
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724:
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510:feast of the
509:
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398:) during the
397:
396:Matt 12:15–21
393:
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388:1 Tim 6:11–16
385:
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350:Saint Stephen
348:
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3807:Gefilte fish
3755:Ponche crema
3590:Melomakarono
3458:
3349:Cyber Monday
3254:
3219:
3188:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3130:Music books
3123:
2961:Nazi Germany
2880:
2853:
2849:Secret Santa
2836:
2723:Flying Santa
2430:Tió de Nadal
2380:Korvatunturi
2231:Annunciation
2197:Christianity
2178:Sol Invictus
2074:
2043:
2016:
1988:
1959:
1930:
1921:
1917:
1908:. Retrieved
1904:
1893:
1889:
1880:. Retrieved
1876:
1849:
1841:
1822:
1815:
1803:. Retrieved
1799:
1790:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1758:
1754:
1734:
1727:
1721:Bartleby.com
1703:
1694:
1677:
1676:Adolf Adam,
1671:
1662:
1658:
1648:
1639:Circumcision
1627:
1620:. Retrieved
1615:
1605:
1596:
1587:
1578:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1524:
1517:. Retrieved
1513:the original
1503:
1499:Kirk Cameron
1493:
1484:
1477:. Retrieved
1464:
1450:
1444:
1436:
1429:. Retrieved
1414:
1405:
1398:. Retrieved
1396:. New Advent
1393:
1382:
1368:
1362:
1353:
1346:. Retrieved
1343:The Guardian
1342:
1332:
1323:
1313:
1271:
1264:
1250:
1243:
1231:. Retrieved
1221:
1211:
1206:
1203:
1189:
1183:
1173:
1172:
1165:. Retrieved
1140:
1133:. Retrieved
1111:
1097:
1091:
1083:
1069:
1063:
1029:
1022:
1011:
942:
937:
915:
908:
881:
873:plum pudding
866:
851:Commonwealth
848:
822:
807:
798:
787:Please help
782:verification
779:
737:
726:
716:
700:
674:
666:
627:
619:
601:, it is the
589:
551:
528:
521:
515:
502:
499:
470:Jordan River
435:
420:
377:
372:Russian icon
296:
285:
261:
250:
219:In 567, the
218:
184:
154:
141:
137:
135:
129:Epiphanytide
46:
29:
3912:12 (number)
3822:Roast goose
3743:Mulled wine
3723:Champurrado
3718:Apple cider
3692:Bread sauce
3645:Szaloncukor
3625:Pumpkin pie
3575:Gingerbread
3529:Smörgåsbord
3170:Other media
3008:Philippines
2998:New Zealand
2881:Twelve Days
2838:Räuchermann
2793:Nutcrackers
2743:Las Posadas
2703:Decorations
2683:Christingle
2623:Zwarte Piet
2618:Snegurochka
2539:Sinterklaas
2489:Santa Claus
1882:22 December
1873:"Christmas"
1805:31 December
1622:16 December
1612:"Christmas"
1519:25 December
1479:25 December
1431:17 December
1400:15 December
1390:"Christmas"
1348:25 December
1167:24 December
1135:20 December
1049:decorations
997:Anglicanism
947:seasons of
922:Santa Claus
904:New Orleans
861:stories by
711: 1634
478:Good Friday
454:Royal Hours
347:Protomartyr
343:Protodeacon
335:Incarnation
331:Virgin Mary
85:Observances
3886:Categories
3550:Candy cane
3499:Joulupöytä
3399:Pikkujoulu
3063:New Mexico
2912:By country
2886:Wassailing
2827:Poinsettia
2634:Traditions
2586:Mrs. Claus
2566:Belsnickel
2519:Julemanden
2514:Joulupukki
2445:Wenceslaus
2410:North Pole
2375:Jack Frost
2365:Christkind
2320:Neapolitan
2143:Boxing Day
2083:B0011YH0JI
1910:22 January
1526:Christmas.
1233:5 December
1072:. Wilson.
1055:References
1005:invitatory
973:Methodists
969:Mennonites
945:liturgical
855:Boxing Day
747:Saturnalia
731:. Often a
607:Octave Day
595:Roman Rite
543:Boxing Day
508:liturgical
358:Afterfeast
270:, and the
197:. For the
170:, the day
72:Christians
3837:Tourtière
3827:Romeritos
3764:Dumplings
3711:Beverages
3615:Pecan pie
3605:Panettone
3600:Pampushka
3595:Mince pie
3570:Fruitcake
3514:Réveillon
3394:NFL games
3389:NBA games
3384:In August
3354:Economics
3124:Billboard
2978:Indonesia
2921:Australia
2896:Yule goat
2871:Stockings
2805:Ornaments
2534:Père Noël
2529:Olentzero
2524:Noel Baba
2499:Ded Moroz
2455:Yule Lads
2395:Mari Lwyd
2246:Bethlehem
2123:Christmas
1777:The Times
1772:The Times
1689:), p. 139
1355:epiphany.
1299:cite book
981:Nazarenes
977:Moravians
965:Lutherans
934:Christmas
888:Candlemas
834:king cake
755:pantomime
561:Silvester
537:. In the
517:Christmas
442:Theophany
438:Forefeast
339:feast day
327:Theotokos
315:Bethlehem
299:fast-free
239:with the
146:Christian
101:Frequency
80:Christian
3870:Category
3841:meat pie
3832:Stuffing
3786:Varenyky
3655:Yule log
3630:Qurabiya
3504:Julebord
3477:Food and
3404:SantaCon
3369:El Gordo
3256:Yule Log
3028:Scotland
2941:Ethiopia
2926:Colombia
2901:Yule log
2855:Spanbaum
2832:Pyramids
2698:Crackers
2596:Sack Man
2482:folklore
2450:Yule cat
2355:Badalisc
2345:folklore
2256:Epiphany
2066:62132881
2035:57044650
2008:52311813
1979:49627774
1950:44154451
1702:(1922).
1659:Obsculta
1291:41834121
1036:yule log
1008:antiphon
751:Yuletide
547:Wren Day
450:Paramony
380:Saturday
225:Epiphany
180:Epiphany
166:and the
150:Nativity
125:Epiphany
3776:Pierogi
3771:Hallaca
3676:Borscht
3640:Stollen
3610:Pavlova
3585:Makówki
3565:Cozonac
3534:Wigilia
3419:Scrooge
3379:In July
3277:society
3209:Poetry
3043:Ukraine
3018:Romania
2983:Ireland
2973:Iceland
2968:Hungary
2956:Germany
2946:Finland
2936:England
2931:Denmark
2891:Windows
2822:Piñatas
2810:Parades
2763:Markets
2748:Letters
2738:Hampers
2581:Krampus
2420:Perchta
2360:Caganer
1865:Sources
1637:of the
1631:Calends
1190:Worship
1010:in the
877:wassail
597:of the
584:סילבסטר
468:in the
458:Vespers
446:fasting
440:of the
384:Epistle
341:of the
333:in the
325:of the
323:Synaxis
209:History
189:or the
63:, Italy
3847:Turkey
3781:Tamale
3738:Kissel
3728:Eggnog
3685:Sauces
3671:Menudo
3650:Turrón
3560:Cookie
3543:Sweets
3509:Kūčios
3490:Dinner
3364:Grinch
3275:modern
3242:Tomten
3201:Santa,
3184:novels
3102:Operas
3090:Carols
3058:Hawaii
3038:Sweden
3033:Serbia
3023:Russia
3013:Poland
3003:Norway
2993:Mexico
2951:France
2866:Stamps
2861:Szopka
2753:Lights
2708:Didukh
2544:Others
2494:Befana
2440:Vertep
2303:in art
2271:Joseph
2221:Advent
2081:
2064:
2054:
2033:
2023:
2006:
1996:
1977:
1967:
1948:
1938:
1920:under
1892:under
1834:
1742:
1712:
1685:
1552:
1457:
1427:(EWTN)
1375:
1289:
1279:
1212:season
1196:
1104:
1076:
1018:Matins
991:, and
949:Advent
826:wreath
688:fast.
686:Lenten
628:Other
404:Sunday
402:. The
392:Gospel
390:) and
362:octave
356:. The
292:Easter
229:Advent
160:Octave
127:, and
104:annual
61:Assisi
53:Fresco
3580:Kutia
3479:drink
3107:Songs
3081:Music
2988:Italy
2844:Seals
2798:dolls
2728:Gifts
2668:Cards
2571:Elves
2435:Turoń
2405:Nisse
2370:Grýla
2266:Jesus
1256:(PDF)
1161:(PDF)
995:. In
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