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equinoxes and solstices--still fell on different dates. By the time of the first century, the calendar date of the winter solstice in Egypt and
Palestine was eleven to twelve days later than the date in Rome. As a result the Incarnation came to be celebrated on different days in different parts of the Empire. The Western Church, in its desire to be universal, eventually took them both--one became Christmas, one Epiphany--with a resulting twelve days in between. Over time this hiatus became invested with specific Christian meaning. The Church gradually filled these days with saints, some connected to the birth narratives in Gospels (Holy Innocents' Day, December 28, in honor of the infants slaughtered by Herod; St. John the Evangelist, "the Beloved," December 27; St. Stephen, the first Christian martyr, December 26; the Holy Family, December 31; the Virgin Mary, January 1). In 567, the Council of Tours declared the twelve days between Christmas and Epiphany to become one unified festal cycle.
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psallatur, et hora octava in ipsis
Kalendis Circumcisionis missa Deo propitio celebretur. (Translation: "In December until Christmas, they are to fast each day. Since between Christmas and Epiphany there are feasts on each day, they shall have a full meal, except during the three-day period on which, in order to tread Gentile customs down, our fathers established that private litanies for the
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843:; they would remain hung on each home's front door beginning on Christmas Night (first night of Christmas) through Twelfth Night or Epiphany morning. As was already the tradition in their native England, all decorations would be taken down by Epiphany morning and the remainder of the edibles would be consumed. A special cake, the
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was titled 'Our
Christmas Wreath':The Times Saturday, 19 December 1896; pg. 4; Issue 35078; col C. There is a custom of decorating graves at Christmas with somber wreaths of evergreen, which is still observed in parts of England, and this may have militated against the circle being the accepted shape
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De
Decembri usque ad natale Domini, omni die ieiunent. Et quia inter natale Domini et epiphania omni die festivitates sunt, itemque prandebunt. Excipitur triduum illud, quo ad calcandam gentilium consuetudinem, patres nostri statuerunt privatas in Kalendariis Ianuarii fieri litanias, ut in ecclesiis
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discussed whether
Christmas wreaths were an alien importation or a version of the native evergreen 'bunch'/'bough'/'garland'/'wassail bush' traditionally displayed in England at Christmas. One correspondent described those she had seen placed on doors in country districts as either a plain bunch, a
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of 567 noted that, in the area for which its bishops were responsible, the days between
Christmas and Epiphany were, like the month of August, taken up entirely with saints' days. Monks were therefore in principle not bound to fast on those days. However, the first three days of the year were to be
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In 567 AD, the
Council of Tours ended a dispute. Western Europe celebrated Christmas, 25 December, as the holiest day of the season... but Eastern Europe celebrated Epiphany, 6 January, recalling the Wise Men's visit and Jesus' baptism. It could not be decided which day was holier, so the Council
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This arrangement became an administrative problem for the Roman Empire as it tried to coordinate the solar Julian calendar with the lunar calendars of its provinces in the east. While the Romans could roughly match the months in the two systems, the four cardinal points of the solar year--the two
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The Second
Council of Tours (can. xi, xvii) proclaims, in 566 or 567, the sanctity of the "twelve days" from Christmas to Epiphany, and the duty of Advent fast; ...and that of Braga (563) forbids fasting on Christmas Day. Popular merry-making, however, so increased that the "Laws of King Cnut",
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The Twelve Days of
Christmas ... in most of the Western Church are the twelve days from Christmas until the beginning of Epiphany (January 6th; the 12 days count from December 25th until January 5th). In some traditions, the first day of Christmas begins on the evening of December 25th with the
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is transferred to the first Sunday after 1 January, which can occur as early as 2 January. That solemnity, then, together with customary observances associated with it, usually occur within the Twelve Days of
Christmas, even if these are considered to end on 5 January rather than 6 January.
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Western Europe celebrated Christmas December 25 as the holiest day. Eastern Europe celebrated January 6 the Epiphany, the visit of the Wise Men, as the holiest day... and so they had this council and they decided to make all twelve days from December 25 to January 6 the Twelve Days of
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remains the night of the most festive parties and exchanges of gifts. Some households exchange gifts on the first (25 December) and last (5 January) days of the Twelve Days. As in former times, the Twelfth Night to the morning of Epiphany is the traditional time during which
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shape like a torque or open circle, and occasionally a more elaborate shape like a bell or interlaced circles. She felt the use of the words 'Christmas wreath' had 'funereal associations' for English people who would prefer to describe it as a 'garland'. An advertisement in
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Christians who celebrate the Twelve Days may give gifts on each of them, with each of the Twelve Days representing a wish for a corresponding month of the new year. They may feast on traditional foods and otherwise celebrate the entire time through the morning of the
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As with the Easter cycle, churches today celebrate the Christmas cycle in different ways. Practically all Protestants observe Christmas itself, with services on 25 December or the evening before. Anglicans, Lutherans and other churches that use the ecumenical
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will likely observe the four Sundays of Advent, maintaining the ancient emphasis on the eschatological (First Sunday), ascetic (Second and Third Sundays), and scriptural/historical (Fourth Sunday). Besides Christmas Eve/Day, they will observe a 12-day
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The Council of Tours (567) proclaimed the twelve days from Christmas to Epiphany as a sacred and festive season, and established the duty of Advent fasting in preparation for the feast. The Council of Braga (563) forbade fasting on Christmas
624:, because according to Jewish tradition He would have been circumcised on the eighth day after His Birth, inclusively counting the first day and last day. This day, or some day proximate to it, is also celebrated by the Roman Catholics as
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of Friday, 26 December 1862; pg. 1; Issue 24439; col A, however, refers to an entertainment at Crystal Palace featuring 'Extraordinary decorations, wreaths of evergreens ...', and in 1896 the special Christmas edition of
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Around the year 400 the feasts of St Stephen, John the Evangelist and the Holy Innocents were added on succeeding days, and in 567 the Council of Tours ratified the enduring 12-day cycle between the nativity and the
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The early North American colonists brought their version of the Twelve Days over from England, and adapted them to their new country, adding their own variations over the years. For example, the modern-day Christmas
242:
fasting in preparation for the feast." Christopher Hill, as well as William J. Federer, states that this was done in order to solve the "administrative problem for the Roman Empire as it tried to coordinate the
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is the last day for decorations to be taken down, and it is held to be bad luck to leave decorations up after this. This is in contrast to the custom in Elizabethan England, when decorations were left up until
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January 5th: Twelfth Night or Epiphany Eve. Twelfth Night, the last evening of the traditional Twelve Days of Christmas, has been observed with festive celebration ever since the Middle Ages.
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may have originated with these colonials. A homemade wreath would be fashioned from local greenery, and fruits, if available, were added. Making the wreaths was one of the traditions of
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on the Sunday within the Octave of Christmas or, if there is no such Sunday, on 30 December. Outside the Octave, but within the Twelve Days of Christmas, there are the feasts of Sts.
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days of prayer and penance so that faithful Christians would refrain from participating in the idolatrous practices and debauchery associated with the new year celebrations. The
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The Council of Tours (567) decreed the 12 days from Christmas to Epiphany to be sacred and especially joyous, thus setting the stage for the celebration of the Lord's birth...
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who follow the same traditions have a twelve-day interval between the two feasts. Christmas and Epiphany are celebrated by these churches on 25 December and 6 January of the
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574:". The transition that evening to the new year is an occasion for secular festivities in many nations, and in several languages is known as "St. Sylvester Night" ("
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where traditionally authority is mocked and the principal male lead is played by a woman, while the leading older female character, or 'Dame', is played by a man.
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following day considered the First Day of Christmas (December 26th). In these traditions, the twelve days begin December 26 and include Epiphany on January 6.
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in nineteenth-century America, with their emphasis on generous giving; introduction of secular traditions in the 19th and 20th centuries, e. g., the American
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The traditions of the Twelve Days of Christmas have been nearly forgotten in the United States. Contributing factors include the popularity of the stories of
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In England in the Middle Ages, this period was one of continuous feasting and merrymaking, which climaxed on Twelfth Night, the traditional end of the
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312:. During this period one celebration leads into another. The Nativity of Christ is a three-day celebration: the formal title of the first day (i.e.
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517:, if it is considered to be part of the Twelve Days of Christmas and not as the day preceding the Twelve Days, is celebrated by Christians as the
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celebrate the Birth and Baptism of Christ on the same day, so that there is no distinction between a feast of Christmas and a feast of Epiphany.
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289:, which correspond to 7 and 19 January on the Gregorian calendar. The Twelve Days, using the Gregorian calendar, end at sunset on 18 January.
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525:. It is a public holiday in many nations, including some where the majority of the population is not Christian. On this see the articles on
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238:(that is, through the end of 5 January, as Epiphany begins the following day) as a sacred and festive season, and established the duty of
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sales" that commence on 26 December demonstrate. The commercial calendar has encouraged an erroneous assumption that the Twelve Days
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made all 12 days from 25 December to 6 January "holy days" or "holidays," These became known as "The Twelve Days of Christmas."
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Christmas is a major holiday for Christians, although some non-Christians in the United States also mark the day as a holiday.
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In the year 567 the church council of Tours called the 13 days between December 25 and January 6 a festival season.
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for door decorations until the re-establishment of the tradition from America in the mid-to-late 20th century.
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that occur within the Octave of Christmas and therefore also within the Twelve Days of Christmas are the
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There are, in fact, twelve days between Christmas Day and the eve of the Epiphany on January 5.
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is the First Day. The Twelve Days are 25 December to 5 January, counting first and last. The
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on Christmas Eve and letting it burn some more on each of the twelve nights. For some, the
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after the Nativity has its own liturgical commemoration in honour of "The Righteous Ones:
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Within the Twelve Days of Christmas, there are celebrations both secular and religious.
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of Christmas. It has also been celebrated, and still is in some denominations, as the
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Holidays and Holy Nights: Celebrating Twelve Seasonal Festivals of the Christian Year
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1666:"The Octave Day of Christmas: Historical Development and Modern Liturgical Practice"
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is a federal holiday which holds additional religious significance for Christians.
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on 5 January (the last night before Epiphany which started 6 January).
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was circumcised according to the faith. The evening of the last day is
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of January be chanted in the churches, and that on the Calends itself
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Alleluia. Unto us a child is born: O come, let us adore Him. Alleluia.
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nations still celebrate some aspects of the Twelve Days of Christmas.
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1174:. New York: Church Publishing Incorporated. January 2007. p. 43
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following the Nativity is commemorated by special readings from the
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For the Eastern Orthodox, both Christmas and Epiphany are among the
882:, hold key elements of the celebrations such as the consumption of
868:, 26 December, is a national holiday in many Commonwealth nations.
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1971:
Christmas Trivia: 200 Fun & Fascinating Facts About Christmas
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used it as the setting for one of his most famous stage plays,
695:(633) ordered a strict fast on those days, on the model of the
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This article is about the religious period. For the carol, see
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2101:
1586:"Excerpts from the Orthodox Church by Bishop Kallistos Ware"
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fabricated c. 1110, order a fast from Christmas to Epiphany.
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and its former colonies, it is also the secular holiday of
455:. The Eve of the Theophany on 5 January is a day of strict
212:, however, Christmastide lasts longer, running through the
1868:(reprint of a magazine article). Retrieved 3 January 2011.
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on Christmas Day and must therefore begin on 14 December.
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Many American Christians still celebrate the traditional
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and then the Divine Liturgy of Saint Basil combined with
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Jean Hardouin; Philippe Labbé; Gabriel Cossart (1714).
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parties. Presently, the commercial practice treats the
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Some of these traditions were adapted from the older
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be celebrated at the eighth hour for God's favour.")
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Feast of the Holy Family of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph
440:, and so the service celebrated on that day is the
436:on 1 January. On this same day is the feast day of
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1240:. Catholic Diocese of Little Rock. 9 January 2022
2000:Stories Behind the Great Traditions of Christmas
1968:Caulkins, Mary; Jennie Miller Helderman (2002).
1781:In 1953 a correspondence in the letter pages of
657:Memorial of St. Thomas Becket, Bishop and Martyr
2086:The Twelve Days of Christmas: A Carol Catechism
631:In many nations, e. g., the United States, the
471:, at the conclusion of which is celebrated the
2030:. White Plains, New York: Peter Pauper Press.
678:Other saints are celebrated at a local level.
556:. In some parts of Ireland it is denominated "
234:"proclaimed the twelve days from Christmas to
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1556:(Liturgical Press 2010 ISBN 978-0-81463932-0)
575:
308:The period between Christmas and Epiphany is
33:The Twelve Days of Christmas (disambiguation)
8:
1382:. Liturgy Training Publications. p. 8.
1238:"Christ's baptism ends the Christmas season"
935:; and increase in the popularity of secular
593:
587:
581:
1522:. Event occurs at 01:15:14. Archived from
1225:of Christmas from 25 December to 5 January.
363:. 29 December is the Orthodox Feast of the
99:Varies by denomination, culture, and nation
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2124:
2110:
2102:
1432:"Origins of Christmas and Easter holidays"
1314:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
503:is served for the Feast of the Theophany.
483:. There are certain parallels between the
51:
42:
822:Learn how and when to remove this message
746:was chosen to lead the Christmas revels.
649:Feast of St. John, Apostle and Evangelist
1627:Acta Conciliorum et Epistolae Decretales
706:
371:of the Nativity (similar to the Western
332:; the second day is referred to as the "
196:For Christian denominations such as the
189:or Epiphany Eve, the next morning being
38:Period between 25 December and 5 January
1837:. Twenty-First Century Books. pp.
1580:
1578:
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1107:Alexander, J. Neil (1 September 2014).
1071:
764:. Some also have an echo in modern-day
1482:Federer, William J. (6 January 2014).
1307:
1286:. Holford-Strevens, Leofranc. Oxford.
1262:Universal Norms on the Liturgical Year
3454:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
2003:. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan.
1512:, William Federer (6 November 2014).
1163:
1161:
1133:
1131:
7:
1629:(in Latin). Typographia Regia, Paris
1138:Bratcher, Dennis (10 October 2014).
847:, was also baked then for Epiphany.
804:adding citations to reliable sources
340:", and commemorates the role of the
1997:Collins, Ace; Clint Hansen (2003).
1942:The World Encyclopedia of Christmas
1430:Bunson, Matthew (21 October 2007).
622:Feast of the Circumcision of Christ
594:
204:, the Twelve Days are identical to
29:The Twelve Days of Christmas (song)
1831:Sirvaitis, Karen (1 August 2010).
1399:Martindale, Cyril Charles (1908).
1203:. Armour Publishing. p. 103.
682:Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages
673:Memorial of the Holy Name of Jesus
107:25 December – 5 January, inclusive
68:Basilica of San Francesco d'Assisi
25:
1604:"World Day of Peace | USCCB"
616:, liturgically celebrated on the
487:chanted on Paramony and those of
3913:Eastern Orthodox liturgical days
3875:
3874:
3330:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
3225:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
1834:The European American Experience
1283:The Oxford companion to the year
780:
614:Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
277:(other than the Armenians), the
214:Feast of the Baptism of the Lord
2088:. Vancouver: Suite 101 eBooks.
1436:Eternal Word Television Network
1185:On the Twelve Days of Christmas
856:United Kingdom and Commonwealth
791:needs additional citations for
712:Twelfth Night (The King Drinks)
589:Réveillon de la Saint-Sylvestre
254:of its provinces in the east."
3310:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
3239:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
2622:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
2401:Legend of the Christmas Spider
1912:"The Twelve Days of Christmas"
1484:"On the 12th Day of Christmas"
1348:Fox, Adam (19 December 2003).
1142:. Christian Resource Institute
566:(31 December) is the feast of
1:
3261:Christmas television specials
3160:The New Oxford Book of Carols
2247:Annunciation to the shepherds
2053:Wells, Robin Headlam (2005).
1280:Blackburn, Bonnie J. (1999).
718:
491:, to show that, according to
442:Divine Liturgy of Saint Basil
427:James the Brother of the Lord
3315:Christmas and holiday season
2028:The Twelve Days of Christmas
2026:Evans, Martin Marix (2002).
1807:"Epiphany in United Kingdom"
1520:Trinity Broadcasting Network
1042:The Twelve Days of Christmas
226:Christmastide § History
153:Twelve Days of Christmastide
1464:. Quest Books. p. 91.
1169:"The Book of Common Prayer"
913:Twelfth Night costumers in
876:, and others, particularly
653:Feast of the Holy Innocents
66:at the Lower Church of the
3941:
2227:Adoration of the Shepherds
2059:Cambridge University Press
1460:Hill, Christopher (2003).
1378:Hynes, Mary Ellen (1993).
1012:Episcopal Church in the US
962:and Christmas, especially
703:England in the Middle Ages
475:, in commemoration of the
322:Adoration of the Shepherds
223:
26:
3870:
3471:WWE Tribute to the Troops
3232:A Visit from St. Nicholas
3153:The Oxford Book of Carols
2729:Feast of the Seven Fishes
2292:Massacre of the Innocents
2141:
2084:Hoh, John L. Jr. (2001).
1405:The Catholic Encyclopedia
1380:Companion to the Calendar
1264:, #33 (14 February 1969)"
1218:Revised Common Lectionary
1081:The American Book of Days
860:Many in the UK and other
643:liturgical feasts on the
264:Armenian Apostolic Church
179:Feast of the Circumcision
59:The Adoration of the Magi
50:
3273:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
1866:Twelve Days of Christmas
1746:4,000 Years of Christmas
1549:Kelly, Joseph F (2010).
1109:Days, Weeks, and Seasons
693:Fourth Council of Toledo
659:on 29 December; and the
473:Great Blessing of Waters
447:On 2 January begins the
301:that are only second to
268:Armenian Catholic Church
149:Twelve Days of Christmas
46:Twelve Days of Christmas
18:Twelve days of Christmas
3435:Small Business Saturday
3305:Black Friday (shopping)
3300:Black Friday (partying)
2794:Nine Lessons and Carols
2724:Events and celebrations
1939:Bowler, Gerald (2000).
1719:. New York: Macmillan.
1590:www.fatheralexander.org
1331:"Feast of the Nativity"
1329:Fr. Francis X. Weiser.
1079:Hatch, Jane M. (1978).
753:customs, including the
688:Second Council of Tours
328:and the arrival of the
159:season celebrating the
3079:Post-War United States
2055:Shakespeare's Humanism
1974:. New York: Gramercy.
1691:(Liturgical Press 1990
1664:Labadie, Christopher.
1554:The Feast of Christmas
1140:"The Christmas Season"
941:Solemnity of Christmas
920:In the United States,
917:
851:Modern Western customs
772:Colonial North America
725:
645:General Roman Calendar
588:
582:
577:Notte di San Silvestro
576:
570:and is known also as "
544:", a feast day in the
434:Circumcision of Christ
386:
31:. For other uses, see
3128:Hit singles in the US
3123:Hit singles in the UK
2684:Carols by Candlelight
2612:Santa Claus' daughter
2220:Adoration of the Magi
1888:Catholic Encyclopedia
1199:Truscott, Jeffrey A.
1111:. Church Publishing.
1037:Solemnity of Epiphany
1024:Book of Common Prayer
912:
710:
671:on 2 January and the
633:Solemnity of Epiphany
610:Roman Catholic Church
438:Saint Basil the Great
381:
210:Roman Catholic Church
3908:December observances
3420:Santa's Candy Castle
2744:Google Santa Tracker
1945:. Toronto: M&S.
1933:Catholic and Culture
1929:12 Days of Christmas
1793:The Girl's Own Paper
1743:Count, Earl (1997).
1559:. Liturgical Press.
1333:. Catholic Culture.
886:, roasted goose and
800:improve this article
669:Gregory of Nazianzus
651:on 27 December; the
568:Pope St. Sylvester I
534:Christmas traditions
523:Nativity of the Lord
507:Western Christianity
419:Joseph the Betrothed
258:Eastern Christianity
173:, or Eighth Day, is
151:, also known as the
3918:January observances
3425:Santa Claus Village
3340:Christmas Mountains
3246:Journey of the Magi
2252:Baptism of the Lord
1901:Popular Merrymaking
1689:The Liturgical Year
1526:on 25 December 2014
1260:"Bl. Pope Paul VI,
996:Orthodox Christians
734:William Shakespeare
299:Twelve Great Feasts
3535:Twelve-dish supper
3385:Jews and Christmas
3335:Christmas Lectures
3064:American Civil War
2799:NORAD Tracks Santa
2175:Saint Nicholas Day
1927:Primarily subhead
1905:Liturgy and Custom
1899:Primarily subhead
918:
726:
626:World Day of Peace
592:" in French, and "
387:
198:Anglican Communion
155:, are the festive
3890:
3889:
3866:
3865:
3530:Thirteen desserts
3450:Virginia O'Hanlon
3295:Advent Conspiracy
3209:Films (Christmas,
3201:A Christmas Carol
3146:Carols for Choirs
2689:Cavalcade of Magi
2669:Boar's Head Feast
2338:Star of Bethlehem
2309:Nativity of Jesus
2297:flight into Egypt
2182:St. Stephen's Day
2068:978-0-521-82438-5
2037:978-0-88088-776-2
2010:978-0-310-24880-4
1981:978-0-517-22070-2
1952:978-0-7710-1531-1
1864:HumorMatters.com
1749:. Ulysses Press.
1552:Joseph F. Kelly,
1486:. American Minute
1350:"'Tis the season"
1118:978-0-89869-874-9
1045:, and lighting a
1014:, having its own
879:A Christmas Carol
832:
831:
824:
760:and the Germanic
542:St. Stephen's Day
499:. That night the
493:Orthodox theology
318:Nativity of Jesus
293:Eastern Orthodoxy
283:Eastern Catholics
275:Oriental Orthodox
145:
144:
16:(Redirected from
3930:
3882:
3878:
3877:
3713:Redcurrant sauce
3502:
3496:
3491:
3465:Winter festivals
3215:Christmas horror
3182:
3093:
2924:
2779:Meals and feasts
2699:Christmas jumper
2646:
2617:Santa's reindeer
2569:
2515:Father Christmas
2479:
2436:Santa's workshop
2357:
2319:in later culture
2197:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2135:
2126:
2119:
2112:
2103:
2097:
2080:
2049:
2022:
1993:
1964:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1916:Catholic Culture
1898:
1896:
1894:
1869:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1803:
1797:
1779:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1740:
1734:
1730:
1716:The Golden Bough
1707:
1701:
1698:978-0-81466047-8
1684:
1678:
1677:
1676:(1, art. 8): 89.
1661:
1655:
1654:
1636:
1634:
1618:
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1600:
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1305:
1277:
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1268:
1256:
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1234:
1228:
1227:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1181:
1179:
1173:
1165:
1156:
1155:
1149:
1147:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1076:
827:
820:
816:
813:
807:
784:
776:
730:Christmas season
723:
720:
655:on 28 December;
597:
596:
591:
585:
579:
540:26 December is "
477:Baptism of Jesus
385:of the Theophany
279:Eastern Orthodox
232:Council of Tours
80:Observed by
55:
43:
21:
3940:
3939:
3933:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3927:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3880:
3862:
3828:Pickled herring
3801:
3770:
3717:
3708:Cranberry sauce
3691:
3670:
3646:Red velvet cake
3631:Poppy seed roll
3549:
3500:
3489:
3487:
3481:
3460:White Christmas
3350:Christmas truce
3345:Christmas seals
3325:Christmas creep
3287:
3285:
3279:
3180:
3174:
3091:
3085:
2922:
2916:
2769:Lord of Misrule
2704:Christmas Peace
2654:Advent calendar
2644:
2638:
2587:Knecht Ruprecht
2567:
2565:
2559:
2481:
2477:
2470:
2359:
2355:
2347:
2272:Herod the Great
2207:
2201:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2153:
2146:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2100:
2083:
2069:
2052:
2038:
2025:
2011:
1996:
1982:
1967:
1953:
1938:
1920:
1918:
1910:
1892:
1890:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1863:
1859:
1849:
1830:
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1825:
1815:
1813:
1811:timeanddate.com
1805:
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1800:
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1742:
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1727:
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1597:
1584:
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1548:
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1543:
1529:
1527:
1515:Praise the Lord
1508:
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1489:
1487:
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1177:
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1137:
1136:
1129:
1119:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1091:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1056:Christmas trees
1004:Roman Catholics
968:Anglo-Catholics
929:Charles Dickens
907:
874:Charles Dickens
858:
853:
828:
817:
811:
808:
797:
785:
774:
744:Lord of Misrule
721:
705:
684:
665:Basil the Great
580:" in Italian, "
509:
501:All-Night Vigil
320:, but also the
305:in importance.
295:
287:Julian calendar
260:
252:lunar calendars
248:Julian calendar
228:
222:
202:Lutheran Church
120:Related to
75:
39:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3938:
3937:
3934:
3926:
3925:
3920:
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3809:
3807:
3803:
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3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3759:Smoking Bishop
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3718:
3716:
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3710:
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3504:
3493:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3474:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3447:
3442:
3440:Super Saturday
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3370:Giving Tuesday
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3320:Christmas club
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3291:
3289:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3228:
3218:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3197:
3186:
3184:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3167:Piae Cantiones
3163:
3156:
3149:
3139:
3133:Music charts (
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3097:
3095:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3056:
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3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
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2648:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2602:Père Fouettard
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2573:
2571:
2568:Saint Nicholas
2561:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2520:Grandpa Indian
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2488:Saint Nicholas
2484:
2482:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2426:Old Man Winter
2423:
2418:
2413:
2411:Miner's figure
2408:
2403:
2398:
2396:Kallikantzaros
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2362:
2360:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2326:Nativity scene
2323:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2306:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
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2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2211:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2161:Children's Day
2157:
2150:
2147:Blue Christmas
2142:
2139:
2138:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2106:
2099:
2098:
2081:
2067:
2050:
2036:
2023:
2009:
1994:
1980:
1965:
1951:
1936:
1908:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1857:
1847:
1823:
1798:
1774:
1770:New York Times
1762:
1755:
1735:
1725:
1702:
1679:
1656:
1613:
1595:
1572:
1565:
1541:
1501:
1470:
1452:
1422:
1388:
1370:
1340:
1321:
1292:
1272:
1251:
1229:
1209:
1191:
1157:
1127:
1117:
1099:
1089:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1064:
937:New Year's Eve
906:
903:
857:
854:
852:
849:
830:
829:
788:
786:
779:
773:
770:
704:
701:
683:
680:
675:on 3 January.
641:Roman Catholic
602:New Year's Day
598:" in Hebrew).
586:" in German, "
583:Silvesternacht
564:New Year's Eve
550:United Kingdom
546:Western Church
508:
505:
423:David the King
411:Divine Liturgy
365:Holy Innocents
294:
291:
259:
256:
224:Main article:
221:
218:
175:New Year's Day
143:
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121:
117:
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24:
14:
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3:
2:
3936:
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3924:
3921:
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3916:
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3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3903:Christmastide
3901:
3900:
3898:
3883:
3873:
3872:
3869:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3849:
3846:
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3831:
3829:
3826:
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3814:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3806:Meat and fish
3804:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3767:
3764:
3760:
3757:
3756:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3744:Hot chocolate
3742:
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3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3726:
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3720:
3714:
3711:
3709:
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3446:
3445:Ugly sweaters
3443:
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3428:
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3356:
3355:Controversies
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841:Christmas Eve
838:
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812:December 2016
805:
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795:
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789:This section
787:
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763:
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747:
745:
741:
740:
739:Twelfth Night
735:
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716:David Teniers
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521:feast of the
520:
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515:Christmas Day
512:
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412:
409:) during the
408:
407:Matt 12:15–21
404:
400:
399:1 Tim 6:11–16
396:
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361:Saint Stephen
359:
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314:Christmas Eve
311:
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206:Christmastide
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187:Twelfth Night
184:
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167:Christmas Day
164:
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132:Twelfth Night
129:
128:Christmastide
125:
124:Christmas Day
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44:
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34:
30:
19:
3818:Gefilte fish
3766:Ponche crema
3601:Melomakarono
3469:
3360:Cyber Monday
3265:
3230:
3199:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3141:Music books
3134:
2972:Nazi Germany
2891:
2864:
2860:Secret Santa
2847:
2734:Flying Santa
2441:Tió de Nadal
2391:Korvatunturi
2242:Annunciation
2208:Christianity
2189:Sol Invictus
2085:
2054:
2027:
1999:
1970:
1941:
1932:
1928:
1919:. Retrieved
1915:
1904:
1900:
1891:. Retrieved
1887:
1860:
1852:
1833:
1826:
1814:. Retrieved
1810:
1801:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1769:
1765:
1745:
1738:
1732:Bartleby.com
1714:
1705:
1688:
1687:Adolf Adam,
1682:
1673:
1669:
1659:
1650:Circumcision
1638:
1631:. Retrieved
1626:
1616:
1607:
1598:
1589:
1555:
1551:
1544:
1535:
1528:. Retrieved
1524:the original
1514:
1510:Kirk Cameron
1504:
1495:
1488:. Retrieved
1475:
1461:
1455:
1447:
1440:. Retrieved
1425:
1416:
1409:. Retrieved
1407:. New Advent
1404:
1393:
1379:
1373:
1364:
1357:. Retrieved
1354:The Guardian
1353:
1343:
1334:
1324:
1282:
1275:
1261:
1254:
1242:. Retrieved
1232:
1222:
1217:
1214:
1200:
1194:
1184:
1183:
1176:. Retrieved
1151:
1144:. Retrieved
1122:
1108:
1102:
1094:
1080:
1074:
1040:
1033:
1022:
953:
948:
926:
919:
892:
884:plum pudding
877:
862:Commonwealth
859:
833:
818:
809:
798:Please help
793:verification
790:
748:
737:
727:
711:
685:
677:
638:
630:
612:, it is the
600:
562:
539:
532:
526:
513:
510:
481:Jordan River
446:
431:
388:
383:Russian icon
307:
296:
272:
261:
230:In 567, the
229:
195:
165:
152:
148:
146:
140:Epiphanytide
57:
40:
3923:12 (number)
3833:Roast goose
3754:Mulled wine
3734:Champurrado
3729:Apple cider
3703:Bread sauce
3656:Szaloncukor
3636:Pumpkin pie
3586:Gingerbread
3540:Smörgåsbord
3181:Other media
3019:Philippines
3009:New Zealand
2892:Twelve Days
2849:Räuchermann
2804:Nutcrackers
2754:Las Posadas
2714:Decorations
2694:Christingle
2634:Zwarte Piet
2629:Snegurochka
2550:Sinterklaas
2500:Santa Claus
1893:22 December
1884:"Christmas"
1816:31 December
1633:16 December
1623:"Christmas"
1530:25 December
1490:25 December
1442:17 December
1411:15 December
1401:"Christmas"
1359:25 December
1178:24 December
1146:20 December
1060:decorations
1008:Anglicanism
958:seasons of
933:Santa Claus
915:New Orleans
872:stories by
722: 1634
489:Good Friday
465:Royal Hours
358:Protomartyr
354:Protodeacon
346:Incarnation
342:Virgin Mary
96:Observances
3897:Categories
3561:Candy cane
3510:Joulupöytä
3410:Pikkujoulu
3074:New Mexico
2923:By country
2897:Wassailing
2838:Poinsettia
2645:Traditions
2597:Mrs. Claus
2577:Belsnickel
2530:Julemanden
2525:Joulupukki
2456:Wenceslaus
2421:North Pole
2386:Jack Frost
2376:Christkind
2331:Neapolitan
2154:Boxing Day
2094:B0011YH0JI
1921:22 January
1537:Christmas.
1244:5 December
1083:. Wilson.
1066:References
1016:invitatory
984:Methodists
980:Mennonites
956:liturgical
866:Boxing Day
758:Saturnalia
742:. Often a
618:Octave Day
606:Roman Rite
554:Boxing Day
519:liturgical
369:Afterfeast
281:, and the
208:. For the
181:, the day
83:Christians
3848:Tourtière
3838:Romeritos
3775:Dumplings
3722:Beverages
3626:Pecan pie
3616:Panettone
3611:Pampushka
3606:Mince pie
3581:Fruitcake
3525:Réveillon
3405:NFL games
3400:NBA games
3395:In August
3365:Economics
3135:Billboard
2989:Indonesia
2932:Australia
2907:Yule goat
2882:Stockings
2816:Ornaments
2545:Père Noël
2540:Olentzero
2535:Noel Baba
2510:Ded Moroz
2466:Yule Lads
2406:Mari Lwyd
2257:Bethlehem
2134:Christmas
1788:The Times
1783:The Times
1700:), p. 139
1366:epiphany.
1310:cite book
992:Nazarenes
988:Moravians
976:Lutherans
945:Christmas
899:Candlemas
845:king cake
766:pantomime
572:Silvester
548:. In the
528:Christmas
453:Theophany
449:Forefeast
350:feast day
338:Theotokos
326:Bethlehem
310:fast-free
250:with the
157:Christian
112:Frequency
91:Christian
3881:Category
3852:meat pie
3843:Stuffing
3797:Varenyky
3666:Yule log
3641:Qurabiya
3515:Julebord
3488:Food and
3415:SantaCon
3380:El Gordo
3267:Yule Log
3039:Scotland
2952:Ethiopia
2937:Colombia
2912:Yule log
2866:Spanbaum
2843:Pyramids
2709:Crackers
2607:Sack Man
2493:folklore
2461:Yule cat
2366:Badalisc
2356:folklore
2267:Epiphany
2077:62132881
2046:57044650
2019:52311813
1990:49627774
1961:44154451
1713:(1922).
1670:Obsculta
1302:41834121
1047:yule log
1019:antiphon
762:Yuletide
558:Wren Day
461:Paramony
391:Saturday
236:Epiphany
191:Epiphany
177:and the
161:Nativity
136:Epiphany
3787:Pierogi
3782:Hallaca
3687:Borscht
3651:Stollen
3621:Pavlova
3596:Makówki
3576:Cozonac
3545:Wigilia
3430:Scrooge
3390:In July
3288:society
3220:Poetry
3054:Ukraine
3029:Romania
2994:Ireland
2984:Iceland
2979:Hungary
2967:Germany
2957:Finland
2947:England
2942:Denmark
2902:Windows
2833:Piñatas
2821:Parades
2774:Markets
2759:Letters
2749:Hampers
2592:Krampus
2431:Perchta
2371:Caganer
1876:Sources
1648:of the
1642:Calends
1201:Worship
1021:in the
888:wassail
608:of the
595:סילבסטר
479:in the
469:Vespers
457:fasting
451:of the
395:Epistle
352:of the
344:in the
336:of the
334:Synaxis
220:History
200:or the
74:, Italy
3858:Turkey
3792:Tamale
3749:Kissel
3739:Eggnog
3696:Sauces
3682:Menudo
3661:Turrón
3571:Cookie
3554:Sweets
3520:Kūčios
3501:Dinner
3375:Grinch
3286:modern
3253:Tomten
3212:Santa,
3195:novels
3113:Operas
3101:Carols
3069:Hawaii
3049:Sweden
3044:Serbia
3034:Russia
3024:Poland
3014:Norway
3004:Mexico
2962:France
2877:Stamps
2872:Szopka
2764:Lights
2719:Didukh
2555:Others
2505:Befana
2451:Vertep
2314:in art
2282:Joseph
2232:Advent
2092:
2075:
2065:
2044:
2034:
2017:
2007:
1988:
1978:
1959:
1949:
1931:under
1903:under
1845:
1753:
1723:
1696:
1563:
1468:
1438:(EWTN)
1386:
1300:
1290:
1223:season
1207:
1115:
1087:
1029:Matins
1002:, and
960:Advent
837:wreath
699:fast.
697:Lenten
639:Other
415:Sunday
413:. The
403:Gospel
401:) and
373:octave
367:. The
303:Easter
240:Advent
171:Octave
138:, and
115:annual
72:Assisi
64:Fresco
3591:Kutia
3490:drink
3118:Songs
3092:Music
2999:Italy
2855:Seals
2809:dolls
2739:Gifts
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