141:"... to study the economic condition of the Negro throughout the state… to stimulate and encourage thrift, industry and economy among Negroes and to promote the general welfare and uplift of the Negro race in this state; to promote and encourage friendly and harmonious relations between the white and Negro races, and to report to the legislature, through the governor… and to make such recommendations for the solution of any problem or problems affecting the Negro that they may deem advisable.”
64:. Through Howard’s program, Hill graduated and passed the bar exam in D.C. and Virginia. In 1904, he opened a café in D.C. which he ran for four years. In 1908, he sold his café and relocated to a place where his law degree combined with his race would be of particular use: southern West Virginia.
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In the early twentieth century, West
Virginia’s black population, particularly in the south of the state, was a powerful political entity. With the coal industry beckoning black southerners to move north to West Virginia for steady employment, thousands of black men and their families flocked into
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Perhaps his most influential position would arise out of Hill’s election as
President of the West Virginia State League (WVSL) which held a particularly powerful station in lobbying political leaders to pass legislature that benefited black people in the state. In tandem with other black activist
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in 1904, made the paper one of the leading black-published papers in West
Virginia. Both Whittico and Hill allowed their personal politics to influence the content of the paper, regularly advancing their conservative Republican values in the paper, which developed a strong local black readership.
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Despite, and perhaps because of, the massive post-war strikes taking place in the West
Virginia coal mines, Hill became a “staunch anti-union” man as the Director of the BNWS. In his first report as Director, Hill boasted about the Bureau persuading black coal miners not to join the infamous
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the coalfields during and after the war years. Once there, the force of a large black voting population helped to influence those in political office. In this environment, Hill set up shop as a lawyer and bought a large portion of stock in
50:, to Caroline Virginia Harris and James D. Hill. His father was a manager of the Southern Express Railroad Company. Beginning at an early age, Edward was schooled in his family’s genealogical history, learning about his ancestral ties to
124:, the WVSL’s mission was to address any issue related to the well being of the entire black population of the state. It used its influential members and the power of its constituency to advocate for big bills like the
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As the first director of West
Virginia's Bureau of Negro Welfare and Statistics (BNWS), Hill was tasked with laying out plans for the new bureau. In an early publication, Hill described the BNWS's role saying it was
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After his father died in the late 1890s, Hill and his brothers took up work to support their family at a local tobacco factory. Hill quickly rose through the ranks to become a "prize hand" by 1900.
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Anti-Lynch bill, which was made law in 1921, and to push for the founding of the West
Virginia Bureau of Negro Welfare and Statistics (BNWS), of which Hill was appointed the first Director.
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Hill had been educated at a
Presbyterian parochial school in Martinsville. After he graduated, he began studying law in Washington, D.C., at historically black
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461:
54:, white slave owners, and an African chief. This racially-focused family history as remembered by Hill likely inspired him to examine race at a young age.
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Hill died from suicide after an extended illness at age 49 in
Charleston, West Virginia. He was married and had a son and two daughters.
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233:. Martinsville, Virginia. pp. supervisor’s district 5, enumeration district 53, sheet no. 16, dwelling no. 274, family no. 286.
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Colored
Republican Organization in 1916, Secretary of the McDowell County Republican Executive Committee, and Delegate for the
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213:
109:
101:
261:
Reynolds, Colin E. (Spring 2015). "The Rise and Fall of West
Virginia's Bureau of Negro Welfare and Statistics, 1921-1957".
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Land Association was begun to give black coal miners a chance to own land for themselves and create new lives based on
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and instead, making those men strikebreakers. Hill also helped to form a black separatist community in
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during the early twentieth century coal boom that led many black Americans to
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State of West Virginia, Bureau of Negro Welfare and Statistics, 1921/1922
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120:(CIC) that was organized in reaction to racial violence flaring up after
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Coal, class, and color : Blacks in southern West Virginia, 1915-32
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Hill and his partner Matthew Thomas (“M.T.”) Whittico, who founded the
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farming and a network of community support in an all-black community.
206:
History of the American Negro: West Virginia Edition Vol. VII
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Director of the Bureau of Negro Welfare and Statistics
367:. Charleston, West Virginia: State of West Virginia.
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West Virginia History: A Journal of Regional Studies
482:Suicides by sharp instrument in the United States
442:African-American people in West Virginia politics
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22:(April 23, 1883 - December 2, 1932), known as
8:
154:, early in his leadership of the BNWS. The
243:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
303:. National Endowment for the Humanities.
334:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
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447:American newspaper publishers (people)
297:"The McDowell times. [volume]"
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432:20th-century African-American lawyers
208:. A. B. Caldwell Publishing Company.
118:Commission on Interracial Cooperation
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46:Hill was born on April 23, 1883, in
26:, was a leader in black politics in
462:People from Keystone, West Virginia
79:, an African American newspaper in
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96:Through his association with the
452:American anti-lynching activists
437:African-American men in politics
378:"T. Edward Hill is Found Dead".
152:Pocahontas County, West Virginia
116:groups such as the much larger
110:Republican National Convention
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400:. 3 December 1932. p. 4.
380:The Bluefield Daily Telegraph
328:Trotter, Joe William (1990).
106:Fifth Congressional District
34:from the South to northern
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477:West Virginia Republicans
467:Suicides in West Virginia
457:Coal mining in Appalachia
398:Bluefield Daily Telegraph
112:in 1912, 1916, and 1920.
363:Hill, T. Edward (1922).
204:Caldwell, A. B. (1923).
148:Battle of Blair Mountain
42:Early life and education
229:Hill, Caroline (1910).
81:Keystone, West Virginia
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48:Martinsville, Virginia
472:West Virginia lawyers
394:"Death of T. E. Hill"
275:10.1353/wvh.2015.0011
382:. December 3, 1932.
182:"Tyler Edward Hill"
68:Career and politics
301:The Mcdowell Times
76:The McDowell Times
62:Howard University
20:Tyler Edward Hill
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422:1932 deaths
417:1883 births
269:(1): 1–22.
160:subsistence
122:World War I
411:Categories
314:2021-03-06
215:1935978799
169:References
36:coalfields
309:2640-3471
283:154564862
239:cite book
350:20628157
126:Capehart
108:to the
52:slavery
32:migrate
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156:Watoga
279:S2CID
346:OCLC
336:ISBN
305:ISSN
245:link
210:ISBN
271:doi
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