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back upon launching, igniting a time fuse with a 7-8 second delay. Using this system, the Type 91 grenades could be launched through jungle cover or through small openings without the danger of premature detonation in the event the grenade struck an object on its way to the target. Although the Type 89 could be fired by a single person, it was typically operated with a crew of 3, enabling it to reach a rate of fire of about 25 rounds per minute.
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384:), soldiers could adjust fire onto multiple targets at varying ranges while firing the contact-detonated 50 mm shell through a single small clearing in the jungle canopy. The method worked equally well when firing from deep trenches or pits, or between various building obstructions when fighting inside a built-up town or city.
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shell (which had a nose-mounted impact fuse that detonated on contact), it was dropped base-down inside the tube of the discharger. By setting the Type 89 discharger at a fixed angle of 45 degrees, and varying distance to target by adjusting the size of a variable chamber space inside the discharger mechanism (see also the
375:
When fired from the Type 89 discharger, the Type 91 fragmentation grenade was fitted with a propellant base and time fuse. It did not explode upon contact, but was designed to ignite its fuse while in flight. A weak creep spring inside the grenade firing mechanism allowed the firing pin to be thrown
435:
carried special containers for the Type 89 clipped to their harnesses to provide fire support right on the landing zone. Allied troops quickly learned to take cover when they heard the weapon's "pop" when launching its grenades or shells, in some cases from more than 200 yd (180 m) away.
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With its curved support plate, the Type 89 was designed to be placed on the ground or against a log or trunk at a fixed firing angle of 45 degrees. However, since it used a spring-loaded, lanyard-operated firing pin mechanism, in an emergency it could fire grenades or shells at point targets while
379:
The Type 89 discharger could also be used with a more powerful impact-detonated shell approaching the power of a light mortar. Weighing approximately 2 pounds (910 g), it was known as the Type 89 50 mm shell, and was made in high explosive (HE), incendiary and smoke variants. To fire the
324:
The
Imperial Japanese Army considered the Type 89 grenade launcher to be an effective weapon, often employed in two to four pieces as part of a typical rifle platoon. The primary target during engagements was the enemies automatic weapons such as emplaced medium machine guns. Like its predecessor,
317:. It got the nickname the "knee mortar" because of an erroneous Allied belief that these launchers could be fired by propping its plate against the leg. However, anyone trying to fire it this way would receive a severe bruise (or sometimes a
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By using a fixed firing angle for the discharger, combined with a variable chamber, the
Japanese were able to fire the 50 mm Type 89 shell to varying distances through small clearings above the discharger by adjusting the maximum height of
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were short-ranged weapons, began efforts to optimize these weapons for close-in infantry fighting. After studying employment of grenades and mortars on the battlefield, the
Japanese Army developed
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As part of this effort, the
Japanese Army had adopted by 1932 a set of fragmentation grenades with almost universal adaptability. The
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The Type 89 heavy grenade discharger was adopted in 1929, but production did not begin until 1932. It differs from the earlier
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in that it has a longer rifled barrel. The Type 89 could fire two types of high explosive grenades or shells: the
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After World War II the Type 89 was used by
Indonesian National Army and militias against Dutch forces in the
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718:
Ness, Leland. Rikugun: Volume 2 - Weapons of the
Imperial Japanese Army & Navy Ground Forces (p. 33).
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Ness, Leland. Rikugun: Volume 2 - Weapons of the
Imperial Japanese Army & Navy Ground Forces (p. 33).
664:
Ness, Leland. Rikugun: Volume 2 - Weapons of the
Imperial Japanese Army & Navy Ground Forces (p. 33).
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the Type 10 grenade launcher, the Type 89 grenade launcher was also used as a signal flare device.
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27:"Knee mortar" redirects here. For the other Japanese weapon also known as "knee mortar", see
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Type 91 fragmentation grenade (fitted with 7 second delay time fuse, ignited in flight)
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Incendiary shell weight: 0.57 kg containing 0.32 kg of incendiary material
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Type 89 50 mm HE (high explosive) mortar shell (fitted with impact detonator)
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Smoke shell weight: 0.9 kg containing 0.11 kg of HC type smoke mixture
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Type 89 grenade discharger with various grenades, shells, and accessories
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French
Foreign Légionnaire vs Viet Minh Insurgent: North Vietnam 1948–52
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Japanese soldier demonstrating the correct use of the Type 89 discharger
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Colour pictures of the Type 89 and Type 10 at carbinesforcollectors.com
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in May 1942. It also saw service in Burma and the
Pacific islands.
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1929–1945 by Japan, indeterminate postwar usage by various forces.
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927:, Fighting Techniques of a Japanese Infantryman 1941–1945,
961:
U.S. World War II Intel Report on Japanese Smoke Grenades
443:, with copies of the weapon manufactured in Demakijo,
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Nambu World: Type 89 “Knee Mortar” (Grenade Launcher)
940:, Japanese Infantryman 1937-45 Sword of the empire,
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801:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
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388:braced horizontally against a tree or building.
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447:. Others were used by Communist forces during
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8:
951:US Army field manual TM-E 30-480 at hyperwar
900:. Combat 36. Osprey Publishing. p. 42.
404:, making it their most widely used infantry
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850:Chindit vs Japanese Infantryman 1943-1944
495:In use in Zhèjiāng Province, China (1942)
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1620:World War II infantry weapons of Japan
896:Windrow, Martin (September 20, 2018).
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352:could be thrown by hand, fired from a
782:"Japanese Ordnance Material of WW II"
7:
148:Nagoya, Kokura, Osaka Army Arsenals
180:4.7 kg (10 lb 6 oz)
25:
552:Type 94 50 mm practice shell
214:793 g (1 lb 12 oz)
852:. Osprey Publishing. p. 23.
690:Infantry Mortars of World War II
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301:by Allied forces, is a Japanese
239:Effective firing range
106:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts
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333:The Japanese Army, noting that
819:George, John B. (LTC) (1981).
756:George, John B. (LTC) (1981).
731:George, John B. (LTC) (1981).
441:Indonesian National Revolution
249:Maximum firing range
161:
118:Indonesian National Revolution
1:
1121:Hamada Type 1, Type 2 pistols
1053:Japanese infantry weapons of
519:Type 91 fragmentation grenade
455:. Some were also used by the
350:Type 91 fragmentation grenade
309:that was widely used in the
883:wwiiafterwwii.wordpress.com
879:"Mukden Arsenal after WWII"
288:Hachikyū-shiki jū-tekidantō
287:
41:Type 89 grenade discharger
1651:
1538:6.5×50mmSR Type 30/Type 38
823:. NRA Press. p. 359.
760:. NRA Press. p. 350.
735:. NRA Press. p. 343.
608:: Indonesian National Army
433:Japanese Navy paratroopers
400:issued three Type 89s per
366:Type 10 grenade discharger
262:Type 89 grenade discharger
29:Type 10 grenade discharger
26:
18:Type 89 Grenade Discharger
1625:Infantry mortars of Japan
321:) from its hefty recoil.
267:
224:50 mm (1.97 in)
203:
70:Place of origin
46:
1553:7.7×58mm Type 97/Type 99
1208:Type 97 automatic cannon
594:: Imperial Japanese Army
421:Second Sino-Japanese War
199:254 mm (10 in)
188:610 mm (24 in)
110:Second Sino-Japanese War
1223:Type 4 automatic rifle
413:Battle of Khalkhin Gol
398:Imperial Japanese Army
230:Rate of fire
848:Diamond, Jon (2015).
686:Norris, John (2002).
1259:Experimental Model 2
1254:Experimental Model 1
1183:Type 99 sniper rifle
1174:Type 97 sniper rifle
925:Leo J. Daugherty III
821:Shots Fired In Anger
758:Shots Fired In Anger
733:Shots Fired In Anger
429:Battle of Corregidor
360:Design and operation
354:spigot-type launcher
1481:Experimental Type 5
1476:Experimental Type 4
1106:North China Type 19
531:Type 89 50 mm
461:First Indochina War
293:, inaccurately and
130:First Indochina War
1572:Handgun cartridges
1548:7.7×58mmSR Type 92
1543:7.7×58mmSR Type 89
1348:Heavy machine guns
1295:Light machine guns
694:. Osprey. p.
140:Production history
1615:Grenade launchers
1602:
1601:
1589:9×19mm Parabellum
1558:7.7×56mmR British
1434:Grenade launchers
449:Chinese Civil War
258:
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122:Malayan Emergency
16:(Redirected from
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1563:7.92×57mm Mauser
1468:Rocket launchers
1285:Beretta Model 38
1096:Type 26 revolver
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1013:at inert-ord.net
1005:at inert-ord.net
938:Gordon L Rottman
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1111:Sugiura Type
1055:World War II
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145:Manufacturer
114:World War II
95:
91:Used by
34:Light mortar
836:trajectory.
633:South Korea
620:North Korea
469:Vietnam War
467:during the
463:and by the
419:during the
299:knee mortar
297:known as a
164: built
134:Vietnam War
1609:Categories
1530:cartridges
984:LGI Mle F1
919:References
788:2014-03-25
705:1841764140
541:Ammunition
533:incendiary
453:Korean War
445:Yogyakarta
423:. During
392:Combat use
329:Background
126:Korean War
606:Indonesia
465:Viet Cong
457:Việt Minh
417:Manchuria
305:or light
210:Cartridge
156:1932-1945
1519:Type 100
1504:Number 2
1499:Number 1
1453:Type 100
1264:Type 100
1088:Handguns
1072:Bayonets
1066:Swords:
967:See also
797:cite web
408:weapon.
335:grenades
153:Produced
1514:Type 95
1509:Type 93
1448:Type 89
1443:Type 10
1414:Type 99
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1399:Type 91
1394:Type 10
1371:Type 97
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1323:Type 97
1318:Type 96
1313:Type 92
1308:Type 89
1303:Type 11
1201:(other)
1179:Type 99
1159:Type 38
1154:Type 35
1144:Type 30
1135:Arisaka
1076:Type 30
646:Vietnam
459:during
402:platoon
220:Caliber
1528:Rifle
1458:Type 2
1424:Type 4
1419:Type 3
1376:Type 1
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307:mortar
234:25 rpm
194:Barrel
185:Length
167:89,377
64:mortar
62:Light
1277:Type
1269:Type
1233:Type
1068:Guntō
652:Notes
591:Japan
577:China
563:Users
535:shell
96:Users
1189:TERA
942:ISBN
929:ISBN
902:ISBN
825:ISBN
803:link
762:ISBN
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451:and
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177:Mass
102:Wars
94:See
59:Type
415:in
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281:擲弾筒
162:No.
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1271:Be
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278:重
275:式
272:九
269:八
265:(
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