491:
515:
560:
574:
479:
467:
503:
38:
365:
back upon launching, igniting a time fuse with a 7-8 second delay. Using this system, the Type 91 grenades could be launched through jungle cover or through small openings without the danger of premature detonation in the event the grenade struck an object on its way to the target. Although the Type 89 could be fired by a single person, it was typically operated with a crew of 3, enabling it to reach a rate of fire of about 25 rounds per minute.
616:
603:
589:
629:
373:), soldiers could adjust fire onto multiple targets at varying ranges while firing the contact-detonated 50 mm shell through a single small clearing in the jungle canopy. The method worked equally well when firing from deep trenches or pits, or between various building obstructions when fighting inside a built-up town or city.
369:
shell (which had a nose-mounted impact fuse that detonated on contact), it was dropped base-down inside the tube of the discharger. By setting the Type 89 discharger at a fixed angle of 45 degrees, and varying distance to target by adjusting the size of a variable chamber space inside the discharger mechanism (see also the
364:
When fired from the Type 89 discharger, the Type 91 fragmentation grenade was fitted with a propellant base and time fuse. It did not explode upon contact, but was designed to ignite its fuse while in flight. A weak creep spring inside the grenade firing mechanism allowed the firing pin to be thrown
424:
carried special containers for the Type 89 clipped to their harnesses to provide fire support right on the landing zone. Allied troops quickly learned to take cover when they heard the weapon's "pop" when launching its grenades or shells, in some cases from more than 200 yd (180 m) away.
376:
With its curved support plate, the Type 89 was designed to be placed on the ground or against a log or trunk at a fixed firing angle of 45 degrees. However, since it used a spring-loaded, lanyard-operated firing pin mechanism, in an emergency it could fire grenades or shells at point targets while
368:
The Type 89 discharger could also be used with a more powerful impact-detonated shell approaching the power of a light mortar. Weighing approximately 2 pounds (910 g), it was known as the Type 89 50 mm shell, and was made in high explosive (HE), incendiary and smoke variants. To fire the
313:
The
Imperial Japanese Army considered the Type 89 grenade launcher to be an effective weapon, often employed in two to four pieces as part of a typical rifle platoon. The primary target during engagements was the enemies automatic weapons such as emplaced medium machine guns. Like its predecessor,
306:. It got the nickname the "knee mortar" because of an erroneous Allied belief that these launchers could be fired by propping its plate against the leg. However, anyone trying to fire it this way would receive a severe bruise (or sometimes a
824:
By using a fixed firing angle for the discharger, combined with a variable chamber, the
Japanese were able to fire the 50 mm Type 89 shell to varying distances through small clearings above the discharger by adjusting the maximum height of
326:
were short-ranged weapons, began efforts to optimize these weapons for close-in infantry fighting. After studying employment of grenades and mortars on the battlefield, the
Japanese Army developed
361:, which was a normal infantry fragmentation grenade adapted to the Type 89 discharger, and the Type 89 50 mm shell, which was an impact-detonated shell with considerably more explosive power.
1033:
791:
1623:
466:
961:
514:
1608:
334:, and grenade and mortar shell dischargers (small mortars) suited to warfare in typical short-range combat environments such as urban, trench, and jungle warfare.
1026:
421:
490:
478:
1019:
94:
1247:
502:
969:, a class of infantry light mortars designed for maximum portability and rapid deployment, at the expense of accuracy and rate of fire.
337:
As part of this effort, the
Japanese Army had adopted by 1932 a set of fragmentation grenades with almost universal adaptability. The
1613:
934:
921:
894:
817:
754:
729:
990:
1464:
353:
The Type 89 heavy grenade discharger was adopted in 1929, but production did not begin until 1932. It differs from the earlier
1359:
1006:
692:
429:
299:
106:
1507:
1497:
1446:
1242:
1311:
433:
1441:
1094:
770:
1469:
985:
1603:
1431:
1326:
1316:
354:
17:
357:
in that it has a longer rifled barrel. The Type 89 could fire two types of high explosive grenades or shells: the
1354:
1349:
1321:
1306:
1291:
1618:
1364:
1344:
1196:
409:
98:
428:
After World War II the Type 89 was used by
Indonesian National Army and militias against Dutch forces in the
1252:
867:
1492:
1487:
1502:
401:
386:
707:
Ness, Leland. Rikugun: Volume 2 - Weapons of the
Imperial Japanese Army & Navy Ground Forces (p. 33).
662:
Ness, Leland. Rikugun: Volume 2 - Weapons of the
Imperial Japanese Army & Navy Ground Forces (p. 33).
653:
Ness, Leland. Rikugun: Volume 2 - Weapons of the
Imperial Japanese Army & Navy Ground Forces (p. 33).
1582:
521:
37:
1526:
1577:
1518:
1171:
1162:
1104:
417:
198:
1068:
1551:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1301:
1296:
449:
314:
the Type 10 grenade launcher, the Type 89 grenade launcher was also used as a signal flare device.
118:
1109:
1336:
1283:
930:
917:
890:
813:
785:
750:
725:
688:
684:
437:
110:
949:
16:"Knee mortar" redirects here. For the other Japanese weapon also known as "knee mortar", see
1422:
1273:
1206:
1084:
1011:
939:
676:
370:
307:
291:
1456:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1157:
1064:
966:
579:
358:
338:
295:
269:
52:
1572:
1567:
1412:
1407:
1234:
1201:
1099:
538:
Type 91 fragmentation grenade (fitted with 7 second delay time fuse, ignited in flight)
445:
1597:
1221:
1167:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
677:
342:
331:
283:
944:
547:
Incendiary shell weight: 0.57 kg containing 0.32 kg of incendiary material
1546:
1479:
1374:
1216:
1211:
1089:
1043:
535:
Type 89 50 mm HE (high explosive) mortar shell (fitted with impact detonator)
413:
394:
327:
303:
218:
102:
998:
621:
608:
544:
Smoke shell weight: 0.9 kg containing 0.11 kg of HC type smoke mixture
457:
122:
1177:
975:, a French close-support weapon infantry weapon designed to be used by one man
972:
441:
182:
114:
594:
453:
405:
1056:
42:
Type 89 grenade discharger with various grenades, shells, and accessories
887:
French
Foreign Légionnaire vs Viet Minh Insurgent: North Vietnam 1948–52
472:
Japanese soldier demonstrating the correct use of the Type 89 discharger
1123:
1076:
1060:
1007:
Colour pictures of the Type 89 and Type 10 at carbinesforcollectors.com
634:
390:
323:
208:
416:, the weapon was used effectively against the Allied defenders in the
266:
263:
260:
257:
420:
in May 1942. It also saw service in Burma and the
Pacific islands.
1265:
1257:
1187:
1119:
565:
75:
1929–1945 by Japan, indeterminate postwar usage by various forces.
1015:
345:, or used in a mortar-like grenade discharger, the Type 89.
916:, Fighting Techniques of a Japanese Infantryman 1941–1945,
950:
U.S. World War II Intel Report on Japanese Smoke Grenades
432:, with copies of the weapon manufactured in Demakijo,
986:
Nambu World: Type 89 “Knee Mortar” (Grenade Launcher)
929:, Japanese Infantryman 1937-45 Sword of the empire,
1560:
1516:
1478:
1455:
1421:
1373:
1335:
1282:
1233:
1186:
1118:
1075:
1050:
237:
227:
217:
207:
197:
181:
173:
165:
160:
149:
141:
133:
128:
90:
79:
71:
66:
58:
47:
28:
790:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
773:. Archived from the original on December 9, 2004
377:braced horizontally against a tree or building.
275:
436:. Others were used by Communist forces during
255:
1027:
8:
940:US Army field manual TM-E 30-480 at hyperwar
889:. Combat 36. Osprey Publishing. p. 42.
393:, making it their most widely used infantry
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
803:
801:
715:
713:
1624:Military equipment introduced in the 1920s
1034:
1020:
1012:
400:The Type 89 discharger saw service at the
25:
839:Chindit vs Japanese Infantryman 1943-1944
484:In use in Zhèjiāng Province, China (1942)
646:
462:
1609:World War II infantry weapons of Japan
885:Windrow, Martin (September 20, 2018).
783:
670:
668:
341:could be thrown by hand, fired from a
771:"Japanese Ordnance Material of WW II"
7:
137:Nagoya, Kokura, Osaka Army Arsenals
169:4.7 kg (10 lb 6 oz)
14:
541:Type 94 50 mm practice shell
203:793 g (1 lb 12 oz)
841:. Osprey Publishing. p. 23.
679:Infantry Mortars of World War II
627:
614:
601:
587:
572:
558:
513:
501:
489:
477:
465:
290:by Allied forces, is a Japanese
228:Effective firing range
95:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts
36:
322:The Japanese Army, noting that
808:George, John B. (LTC) (1981).
745:George, John B. (LTC) (1981).
720:George, John B. (LTC) (1981).
430:Indonesian National Revolution
238:Maximum firing range
150:
107:Indonesian National Revolution
1:
1110:Hamada Type 1, Type 2 pistols
1042:Japanese infantry weapons of
508:Type 91 fragmentation grenade
444:. Some were also used by the
339:Type 91 fragmentation grenade
298:that was widely used in the
872:wwiiafterwwii.wordpress.com
868:"Mukden Arsenal after WWII"
277:Hachikyū-shiki jū-tekidantō
276:
30:Type 89 grenade discharger
1640:
1527:6.5×50mmSR Type 30/Type 38
812:. NRA Press. p. 359.
749:. NRA Press. p. 350.
724:. NRA Press. p. 343.
597:: Indonesian National Army
422:Japanese Navy paratroopers
389:issued three Type 89s per
355:Type 10 grenade discharger
251:Type 89 grenade discharger
18:Type 10 grenade discharger
15:
1614:Infantry mortars of Japan
310:) from its hefty recoil.
256:
213:50 mm (1.97 in)
192:
59:Place of origin
35:
1542:7.7×58mm Type 97/Type 99
1197:Type 97 automatic cannon
583:: Imperial Japanese Army
410:Second Sino-Japanese War
188:254 mm (10 in)
177:610 mm (24 in)
99:Second Sino-Japanese War
1212:Type 4 automatic rifle
402:Battle of Khalkhin Gol
387:Imperial Japanese Army
219:Rate of fire
837:Diamond, Jon (2015).
675:Norris, John (2002).
1248:Experimental Model 2
1243:Experimental Model 1
1172:Type 99 sniper rifle
1163:Type 97 sniper rifle
914:Leo J. Daugherty III
810:Shots Fired In Anger
747:Shots Fired In Anger
722:Shots Fired In Anger
418:Battle of Corregidor
349:Design and operation
343:spigot-type launcher
1470:Experimental Type 5
1465:Experimental Type 4
1095:North China Type 19
520:Type 89 50 mm
450:First Indochina War
282:, inaccurately and
119:First Indochina War
1561:Handgun cartridges
1537:7.7×58mmSR Type 92
1532:7.7×58mmSR Type 89
1337:Heavy machine guns
1284:Light machine guns
683:. Osprey. p.
129:Production history
1604:Grenade launchers
1591:
1590:
1578:9×19mm Parabellum
1547:7.7×56mmR British
1423:Grenade launchers
438:Chinese Civil War
247:
246:
111:Malayan Emergency
1631:
1552:7.92×57mm Mauser
1457:Rocket launchers
1274:Beretta Model 38
1085:Type 26 revolver
1036:
1029:
1022:
1013:
1002:at inert-ord.net
994:at inert-ord.net
927:Gordon L Rottman
901:
900:
882:
876:
875:
874:. April 3, 2017.
864:
843:
842:
834:
828:
827:
805:
796:
795:
789:
781:
779:
778:
767:
761:
760:
742:
736:
735:
717:
708:
705:
699:
698:
682:
672:
663:
660:
654:
651:
633:
631:
630:
620:
618:
617:
607:
605:
604:
593:
591:
590:
582:
578:
576:
575:
564:
562:
561:
517:
505:
493:
481:
469:
371:Granatnik wz. 36
292:grenade launcher
281:
279:
273:
272:
241:(Type 89 shell):
231:(Type 89 shell):
152:
40:
31:
26:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1619:50 mm artillery
1594:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1583:9×22mmR Type 26
1556:
1512:
1474:
1451:
1425:and attachments
1417:
1369:
1331:
1278:
1235:Submachine guns
1229:
1182:
1158:Type 44 carbine
1153:Type 38 carbine
1138:Type 30 carbine
1114:
1090:Type 14 (Nambu)
1071:
1046:
1040:
1000:Type 89 grenade
992:Type 91 grenade
982:
967:Commando mortar
962:Chinese Type 27
958:
910:
905:
904:
897:
884:
883:
879:
866:
865:
846:
836:
835:
831:
820:
807:
806:
799:
782:
776:
774:
769:
768:
764:
757:
744:
743:
739:
732:
719:
718:
711:
706:
702:
695:
674:
673:
666:
661:
657:
652:
648:
643:
628:
626:
615:
613:
602:
600:
588:
586:
573:
571:
570:
559:
557:
554:
532:
525:
518:
509:
506:
497:
496:Type 89 diagram
494:
485:
482:
473:
470:
383:
359:Type 91 grenade
351:
320:
300:Pacific Theater
253:
242:
232:
193:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
72:In service
67:Service history
62:Empire of Japan
43:
29:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1637:
1635:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1596:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1573:8×22mm Type 14
1570:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1523:
1521:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1484:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1461:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1428:
1426:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1379:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1263:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1239:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1202:Type Hei rifle
1199:
1193:
1191:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1129:
1127:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1105:Type 94 pistol
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1081:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1054:
1052:
1051:Bladed weapons
1048:
1047:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1004:
996:
988:
981:
980:External links
978:
977:
976:
970:
964:
957:
954:
953:
952:
947:
945:Taki (Type 89)
942:
937:
924:
909:
906:
903:
902:
895:
877:
844:
829:
818:
797:
762:
755:
737:
730:
709:
700:
693:
664:
655:
645:
644:
642:
639:
638:
637:
624:
611:
598:
584:
568:
553:
550:
549:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
531:
528:
527:
526:
519:
512:
510:
507:
500:
498:
495:
488:
486:
483:
476:
474:
471:
464:
382:
379:
350:
347:
332:rifle grenades
319:
316:
245:
244:
243:670 m (732 yd)
239:
235:
234:
233:120 m (131 yd)
229:
225:
224:
221:
215:
214:
211:
205:
204:
201:
195:
194:
190:
189:
186:
179:
178:
175:
171:
170:
167:
163:
162:
161:Specifications
158:
157:
154:
147:
146:
143:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
126:
125:
92:
88:
87:
81:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
49:
45:
44:
41:
33:
32:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1636:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1515:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1480:Flamethrowers
1477:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1375:Hand grenades
1372:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1207:Type Kō rifle
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1001:
997:
995:
993:
989:
987:
984:
983:
979:
974:
971:
968:
965:
963:
960:
959:
955:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
935:1-84176-818-9
932:
928:
925:
923:
922:1-86227-162-3
919:
915:
912:
911:
907:
898:
896:9781472828910
892:
888:
881:
878:
873:
869:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
845:
840:
833:
830:
826:
821:
819:0-935998-42-X
815:
811:
804:
802:
798:
793:
787:
772:
766:
763:
758:
756:0-935998-42-X
752:
748:
741:
738:
733:
731:0-935998-42-X
727:
723:
716:
714:
710:
704:
701:
696:
690:
686:
681:
680:
671:
669:
665:
659:
656:
650:
647:
640:
636:
625:
623:
612:
610:
599:
596:
585:
581:
569:
567:
556:
555:
551:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
533:
529:
523:
516:
511:
504:
499:
492:
487:
480:
475:
468:
463:
461:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
426:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
398:
396:
392:
388:
380:
378:
374:
372:
366:
362:
360:
356:
348:
346:
344:
340:
335:
333:
329:
328:hand grenades
325:
317:
315:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
278:
271:
268:
265:
262:
259:
252:
240:
236:
230:
226:
222:
220:
216:
212:
210:
206:
202:
200:
196:
191:
187:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
159:
155:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
127:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
93:
89:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
65:
61:
57:
54:
50:
46:
39:
34:
27:
19:
1568:7×20mm Nambu
1436:
1267:
1259:
1223:
1217:Type I rifle
1100:Sugiura Type
1044:World War II
999:
991:
926:
913:
886:
880:
871:
838:
832:
823:
809:
775:. Retrieved
765:
746:
740:
721:
703:
678:
658:
649:
427:
414:World War II
399:
395:fire support
384:
375:
367:
363:
352:
336:
321:
312:
308:broken femur
304:World War II
287:
284:colloquially
250:
248:
185: length
134:Manufacturer
103:World War II
84:
80:Used by
23:Light mortar
825:trajectory.
622:South Korea
609:North Korea
458:Vietnam War
456:during the
452:and by the
408:during the
288:knee mortar
286:known as a
153: built
123:Vietnam War
1598:Categories
1519:cartridges
973:LGI Mle F1
908:References
777:2014-03-25
694:1841764140
530:Ammunition
522:incendiary
442:Korean War
434:Yogyakarta
412:. During
381:Combat use
318:Background
115:Korean War
595:Indonesia
454:Viet Cong
446:Việt Minh
406:Manchuria
294:or light
199:Cartridge
145:1932-1945
1508:Type 100
1493:Number 2
1488:Number 1
1442:Type 100
1253:Type 100
1077:Handguns
1061:Bayonets
1055:Swords:
956:See also
786:cite web
397:weapon.
324:grenades
142:Produced
1503:Type 95
1498:Type 93
1437:Type 89
1432:Type 10
1403:Type 99
1398:Type 98
1393:Type 97
1388:Type 91
1383:Type 10
1360:Type 97
1355:Type 93
1350:Type 92
1322:Type 99
1317:Type 98
1312:Type 97
1307:Type 96
1302:Type 92
1297:Type 89
1292:Type 11
1190:(other)
1168:Type 99
1148:Type 38
1143:Type 35
1133:Type 30
1124:Arisaka
1065:Type 30
635:Vietnam
448:during
391:platoon
209:Caliber
1517:Rifle
1447:Type 2
1413:Type 4
1408:Type 3
1365:Type 1
1345:Type 3
1327:Type 1
1188:Rifles
1120:Rifles
1069:Type 2
933:
920:
893:
816:
753:
728:
691:
632:
619:
606:
592:
577:
563:
296:mortar
223:25 rpm
183:Barrel
174:Length
156:89,377
53:mortar
51:Light
1266:Type
1258:Type
1222:Type
1057:Guntō
641:Notes
580:Japan
566:China
552:Users
524:shell
85:Users
1178:TERA
931:ISBN
918:ISBN
891:ISBN
814:ISBN
792:link
751:ISBN
726:ISBN
689:ISBN
440:and
385:The
249:The
166:Mass
91:Wars
83:See
48:Type
404:in
302:of
270:擲弾筒
151:No.
1600::
1268:Su
1260:Be
1224:Mo
1067:,
1063::
1059:,
870:.
847:^
822:.
800:^
788:}}
784:{{
712:^
687:.
685:47
667:^
460:.
330:,
274:,
1174:)
1170:(
1126:)
1122:(
1035:e
1028:t
1021:v
899:.
794:)
780:.
759:.
734:.
697:.
280:)
267:重
264:式
261:九
258:八
254:(
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
