407:
42:
86:
61:
458:. The skin is completely smooth. The oval electric ray is dark brown above, lightening towards the disc margins and on the underside. The area around the mouth and nostrils, and the underside of the pelvic appendages, are white. This species can grow to 36 cm (14 in) long, but most do not exceed 30 cm (12 in).
427:
follow the eyes and are oval with smooth rims. The nostrils are closely together, with their outer rims curled to nearly form tubes and their inner rims expanded and fused together into a fleshy skirt-shaped curtain, that nearly conceals the small, deeply recessed mouth. The teeth number 11 rows in
422:
disc of the oval electric ray is ovoid in shape, tapering smoothly towards the rear, and has a very thick margin. The eyes are minute and located 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) beneath the surface of the skin; though not visible externally, their positions are marked by small white patches. The
444:
is divided: the anterior portion is formed into a long appendage resembling a finger, while the posterior portion is merged smoothly with the pectoral fin to form part of the disc. The trailing margins of the pelvic fins join the body evenly, without a notch. Adult males have cylindrical
466:
Thick and flabby with a rudimentary tail, the oval electric ray seems virtually incapable of swimming. Instead, it likely relies on its mobile pelvic fin appendages, which are better developed than those of
432:
pattern to form narrow plates restricted to the front of the jaws. The teeth in the back have a single sharp cusp, while those at the front are worn down and blunt. There are five pairs of short, curved
453:
has a rounded margin and originates just ahead of where the disc margin meets the body. The tail is short and thick, with faint lateral skin folds running along the sides, and ends in a nearly circular
398:
in nature, this species is generally found at a depth of 300–400 m (980–1,310 ft) but has been recorded from as shallow as 46 m (151 ft) and as deep as 800 m (2,600 ft).
273:
are divided in two, with the anterior portion forming a limb-like appendage. These appendages likely allow the ray, which may not be able to swim at all, to "walk" along the bottom. The
939:
511:
290:
1042:
782:, a new genus and species of electric ray from the east coast of South Africa (Rajiformes: Torpedinoidei: Narkidae), with a review of torpedinoid taxonomy".
1052:
743:
913:
523:
519:
479:
placed on either side of its head. Each organ consists of 180–200 relatively large, fluid-filled hexagonal columns, which essentially act as
962:
362:
species has led to uncertainty regarding the extent of the oval electric ray's distribution. Both species are found off the eastern coast of
261:
at a depth of 300–400 m (980–1,310 ft). Seldom exceeding 30 cm (12 in) in length, this species has a thick, oval
815:
1001:
1062:
1057:
757:
801:
Duffy, Clinton A. J.; Francis, Malcolm; Dunn, M. R.; Finucci, Brit; Ford, Richard; Hitchmough, Rod; Rolfe, Jeremy (2018).
802:
554:
85:
317:. A specimen of this ray had been illustrated earlier by Augustus Hamilton, in his 1909 description of the related
476:
375:
1019:
878:
607:
Hamilton, A. (July 1902). "Notice of an electric ray new to the fauna of New
Zealand, belonging to the genus
494:, with females bearing litters of up to 11 pups. The newborns measure 9–10 cm (3.5–3.9 in) long.
840:
424:
314:
686:
491:
480:
282:
200:
993:
1006:
954:
739:
216:
712:
406:
50:
41:
507:
339:
318:
80:
944:
1047:
975:
887:
821:
811:
752:
522:
classified the oval electric ray as "Not
Threatened" with the qualifier "Data Poor" under the
980:
681:
483:
243:
486:. The oval electric ray is sightless and captures prey via suction; it is known to feed on
663:
487:
391:
302:
278:
515:
472:
387:
286:
137:
127:
65:
588:
Phillipps, W.J. (1929). "Elasmobranch fishes of New
Zealand: No. 3. Skates and Rays".
327:
and made note of its different shape, but did not recognize it as a distinct species.
1036:
804:
Conservation status of New
Zealand chondrichthyans (chimaeras, sharks and rays), 2016
708:
672:
347:
331:
310:
70:
471:, to push it along the bottom. Like other electric rays, it can produce a defensive
892:
503:
419:
395:
379:
371:
262:
157:
17:
510:
activity within its range may merit concern. However, given insufficient data the
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254:
239:
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863:
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455:
450:
441:
270:
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167:
147:
117:
905:
1014:
918:
446:
324:
235:
931:
301:
The oval electric ray was described by
William John Phillipps of the
107:
834:
810:. Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Conservation. p. 11.
988:
405:
967:
838:
643:
Garrick, J.A.F. (1951). "The blind electric rays of the genus
410:
The oval electric ray differs in disc shape from the related
293:
presently lacks the data to assess its conservation status.
437:, with the first and fifth pairs smaller than the others.
281:
are known to be part of its diet, and its reproduction is
784:
Smithiana, Publications in
Aquatic Biodiversity, Bulletin
613:
Transactions and
Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute
269:. It is blind, as its tiny eyes are covered by skin. Its
350:. However, other authorities recognise the two species.
323:. Hamilton obtained the specimen at the fish market at
649:
847:
687:
10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T116863205A116737518.en
502:The oval electric ray is susceptible to capture in
778:Compagno, L.J.V. & P.C. Heemstra (May 2007). "
742:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
512:International Union for Conservation of Nature
291:International Union for Conservation of Nature
590:New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology
449:that extend past the disc margin. The single
307:New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology
8:
346:), which is given a conservation status of
265:disc and a short, stout tail with a single
835:
59:
40:
31:
685:
638:
636:
634:
632:
630:
628:
626:
524:New Zealand Threat Classification System
563:The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
534:
277:of adult males extend beyond the disc.
548:
546:
544:
542:
540:
538:
257:, where it is generally found on the
7:
1043:IUCN Red List data deficient species
1020:310DDE06-210A-44E9-A086-5F5CEC43454E
994:98890323-0ED1-7C36-69B2-EAC0508CED00
955:b6563e4b-4d1c-4c35-abc9-e19c0af3eb64
673:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
428:either jaw and are arranged with a
338:a poorly preserved specimen of the
1053:Endemic marine fish of New Zealand
25:
662:Finucci, B.; Kyne, P.M. (2018).
84:
518:. In June 2018 the New Zealand
758:California Academy of Sciences
1:
475:from a pair of kidney-shaped
27:Species of cartilaginous fish
506:, and the presence of major
386:and Foveaux Straits and the
514:(IUCN) has listed it under
1079:
680:: e.T116863205A116737518.
520:Department of Conservation
358:Confusion between the two
305:, in a 1929 volume of the
206:
199:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
711:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
354:Distribution and habitat
1063:Strongly electric fish
1058:Fish described in 1929
744:"Species in the genus
415:
315:Island Bay, Wellington
740:Eschmeyer, William N.
492:aplacental viviparous
484:connected in parallel
409:
283:aplacental viviparous
285:. It can produce an
234:) is a little-known
879:Typhlonarke tarakea
849:Typhlonarke tarakea
780:Electrolux addisoni
557:Typhlonarke tarakea
462:Biology and ecology
336:Typhlonarke tarakea
232:Typhlonarke tarakea
210:Typhlonarke tarakea
51:Conservation status
18:Typhlonarke tarakea
666:Typhlonarke aysoni
553:Duffy, C. (2003).
508:commercial fishing
498:Human interactions
416:
344:Typhlonarke aysoni
340:blind electric ray
313:was collected off
35:Oval electric ray
1030:
1029:
976:Open Tree of Life
841:Taxon identifiers
753:Catalog of Fishes
713:"Family Narkidae"
647:(Torpedinidae)".
289:for defense. The
228:oval electric ray
224:
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16:(Redirected from
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565:. Archived from
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488:polychaete worms
382:, including the
279:Polychaete worms
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477:electric organs
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396:Bottom-dwelling
392:Chatham Islands
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303:Dominion Museum
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192:T. tarakea
158:Torpediniformes
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28:
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12:
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5:
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709:Froese, Rainer
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569:on May 6, 2016
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516:Data Deficient
499:
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473:electric shock
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366:, between the
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66:Data Deficient
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504:bottom trawls
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348:Least Concern
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332:IUCN Red List
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311:type specimen
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201:Binomial name
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761:. Retrieved
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722:. Retrieved
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703:
691:. Retrieved
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616:
612:
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602:
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583:
571:. Retrieved
567:the original
562:
556:
501:
468:
465:
439:
420:pectoral fin
417:
411:
380:South Island
376:Snares Shelf
372:North Island
359:
357:
343:
335:
329:
319:
306:
300:
263:pectoral fin
231:
227:
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191:
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178:
144:Superorder:
29:
927:iNaturalist
873:Wikispecies
746:Typhlonarke
645:Typhlonarke
573:October 13,
402:Description
364:New Zealand
360:Typhlonarke
271:pelvic fins
255:New Zealand
240:sleeper ray
179:Typhlonarke
1037:Categories
826:1042901090
619:: 224–226.
530:References
456:caudal fin
451:dorsal fin
442:pelvic fin
435:gill slits
334:considers
267:dorsal fin
134:Subclass:
596:: 98–107.
481:batteries
469:T. aysoni
425:spiracles
412:T. aysoni
378:south of
368:East Cape
320:T. aysoni
259:sea floor
217:Phillipps
186:Species:
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
1048:Narkidae
945:10134416
901:FishBase
864:Q4668267
858:Wikidata
790:: 15–49.
718:FishBase
490:. It is
447:claspers
430:quincunx
374:and the
297:Taxonomy
275:claspers
249:. It is
247:Narkidae
168:Narkidae
164:Family:
148:Batoidea
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
1015:ZooBank
981:3594672
919:2419770
609:Astrape
388:Stewart
325:Dunedin
251:endemic
242:in the
236:species
174:Genus:
154:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
1007:283077
968:283077
952:NZOR:
932:114708
824:
814:
763:1 July
724:1 July
693:1 July
309:. The
244:family
219:, 1929
1002:WoRMS
989:Plazi
940:IRMNG
906:47409
893:59WWC
808:(PDF)
651:(15).
440:Each
963:OBIS
914:GBIF
822:OCLC
812:ISBN
765:2024
726:2024
695:2024
678:2018
575:2010
418:The
390:and
384:Cook
330:The
226:The
888:CoL
682:doi
611:".
370:of
253:to
238:of
1039::
1017::
1004::
991::
978::
965::
942::
929::
916::
903::
890::
875::
860::
820:.
786:.
756:.
750:.
715:.
676:.
670:.
625:^
617:34
615:.
594:11
592:.
561:.
537:^
526:.
394:.
828:.
788:7
767:.
748:"
728:.
697:.
684::
668:"
664:"
577:.
559:"
555:"
414:.
342:(
230:(
73:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
