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extensive use of visual display units. In fact, early generations of computer displays were frequently related to eye strains and headache due to flickering, jitter and radiation. In 1986, TCO published a basic list of requirements and test protocols to verify if a display was fit for continuous daily use as a help for employers to choose the right hardware for work places.
125:(TCO) to guarantee that computer products purchased by employers maintain ecological standards and were sufficiently ergonomic to prevent long term health issues for users. It became known during the 1990s as a certification for computer displays. Dating back to 1992, TCO is one of the oldest certifications for end user electronics.
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The test became an early success and was translated into multiple languages and used also by unions in other countries to push for a more ergonomic work environment. The success of the display checklist resulted in the foundation of TCO Certified, a spin-off by the TCO Union headed by Per Erik Boivie
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to protect their members from health issues by daily use. Back then, the increasing use of computers and monitors in white collar work environments caused widespread complaints from employees experiencing visual fatigue and visual stress during after-work hours (also called "VDU sickness") due to
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and Peter
Magnusson, among others, with the goal of creating an international certification and standards to be implemented directly by manufacturers. Starting with TCO'92 in 1992, the TCO certification minimum standards for emissions, jittering and electronic safety for
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TCO Certified is available for the following products: displays, notebooks, tablets, smartphones, desktops, all-in-one PCs, projectors, headsets, and data center products: network equipment, data storage products and servers.
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TCO publishes new guidelines every 3 to 4 years. The standards expanded from covering only computer monitors in 1992 to a wide array of devices today.
137:(TCO), a worker's union, foresaw that computers would become an important work utility and sought to establish ergonomic and radiation standards for
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Patel, S; Henderson, R; Bradley, L; Galloway, B; Hunter, L (November 1991). "Effect of visual display unit use on blink rate and tear stability".
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Enviro-innovative processes initialised by unions and other social actors : with a focus on TCO eco-labels
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Gur, S; Ron, S (1992). "Does work with visual display units impair visual activities after work?".
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The TCO Certified mark can be found on certified computer monitors and other electronics.
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Mechanical life cycle handbook : good environmental design and manufacturing
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Dain, SJ; McCarthy, AK; Chan-Ling, T (March 1988). "Symptoms in VDU operators".
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Global standard: how computer displays worldwide got the TCO logo
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382:(1st ed.). Temple University Press. pp. 260–266.
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American
Journal of Optometry and Physiological Optics
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549:Computers and the environment
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188:Hilgenkamp, Kathryn (2005).
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