68:
48:
86:
836:
in 630 AD during Taank rule. According to him: "The country of Takka is south of
Kashmira, extending from the Indus river to its west and Vipasha river to its east. They produce abundant quantities of non-sticky rice and wheat, also gold, brass, iron and other metals. They do not believe in Buddhism,
1042:
Aurel Stein and
Cunningham both agree in identifying Takkas with Madras or Bahikas of Mahabharata - both being the ancient inhabitants of the Punjab. In the lexicon of Hemacandra also, the Bahikas are said to be the same as
1297:
47:
1514:
380:
812:
within Taank. Despite having an illustrious
Buddhist heritage as evident from three colossal stupas, Buddhism had declined in the region (Punjab) after the
1288:
67:
1524:
1444:
1270:
1131:
1066:
1019:
992:
962:
935:
1411:
837:
and pray in several hundred deva temples. This country has ten
Buddhist monasteries left." There were many more before, states Xuanzang.
1485:
1371:
1337:
1220:
223:
554:
540:
515:
1529:
1035:
1478:
The
Ancient Geography of India: I. The Buddhist Period, Including the Campaigns of Alexander, and the Travels of Hwen-Thsang
1363:
886:
The
Ancient Geography of India: I. The Buddhist Period, Including the Campaigns of Alexander, and the Travels of Hwen-Thsang
1357:
73:
1389:
of
Buddhist establishment in Northwest India by the Hephthalite invader, Mihirakula (502-542) in the early sixth century.
952:
1056:
982:
1519:
1509:
1504:
317:
742:, whereas Kazwini mentions a fort named Taifand, the location of the fort agrees with the account of the hill of
1009:
1534:
1344:
the emergence and spread of
Hinduism through Indian society helped lead to Buddhism's gradual decline in India.
706:
659:. He visited the area before 851 AD, when his account was written. In his account, the kingdom is mentioned as
355:
1323:
804:
During
Xuanzang's visit, the neighboring state of Bofadou was a vassal (or province) of Taank. He also noted
1329:
384:
Location of the Taank
Kingdom, and neighbouring South Asian polities circa 600 CE, after the retreat of the
925:
884:
867:
214:
165:
1111:
824:
persecution, resulting in it being sparsely practiced in only about ten monasteries. On the contrary,
1085:(in English, Hindi, and Sanskrit). Hoshiarpur: Vishveshvaranand Vedic Research Institute. p. 92.
250:
241:
914:, Bukkyo Dendo Kyokai and Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, Berkeley, pp. 97–100
337:
328:
53:
780:. According to him the names of some of the rulers were Ratapat, Bahurpal, Sahajpal and Madanpal.
1293:
1190:
727:
298:
259:
111:
1481:
1460:
1440:
1434:
1405:
1367:
1333:
1266:
1260:
1241:
1216:
1182:
1151:
1127:
1062:
1015:
988:
958:
931:
846:
789:
656:
1119:
785:
739:
346:
746:(near modern Sialkot). Several scholars have identified Takka kingdom with the kingdom of
368:
176:
102:
1213:
Annals and Antiquities of Rajast'han, Or, The Central and Western Rajpoot States of India
1171:"Hindu Commanders in the Army of Sultans of Ghazna: A Case Study of Vijaypal of Bayana"
755:
735:
608:
85:
738:, who died in 912 AD, mentions the king of the confederacy as next in eminence to the
1498:
766:
277:
268:
232:
185:
138:
120:
828:
rose as the primary religion in the region and there were several hundreds of Hindu
813:
751:
688:
533:
93:
417:
1040:. Department of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University. 1977. p. 9.
793:
612:
547:
520:
385:
308:
203:
1262:
Hunnic Peoples in Central and South Asia: Sources for their Origin and History
1245:
1155:
1123:
1058:
Hunnic Peoples in Central and South Asia: Sources for their Origin and History
825:
821:
805:
644:
616:
288:
194:
129:
1186:
1116:
Al-Hind: Early medieval India and the expansion of Islam, 7th-11th centuries
777:
670:
1289:"In ancient Punjab, religion was fluid, not watertight, says Romila Thapar"
817:
640:
636:
572:
431:
427:
156:
147:
1194:
1170:
781:
652:
620:
600:
401:
833:
809:
770:
743:
731:
596:
705:, are various readings of the original form which is Taki or Takin.
726:
and further notes that he was in good terms with the Arabs and the
639:(631-643 A.D.). It is mentioned by him as situated towards east of
604:
576:
677:, referring to the hills of the Punjab region. The name is read
1011:
Geography of the South Asian Subcontinent: A Critical Approach
599:
from 6th to 10th century CE. The kingdom was located south of
1459:
Foreign Influence on Ancient India by Krishna Chandra Sagar
927:
Temple Architecture of the Western Himalaya: Wooden Temples
784:
was the capital of the kingdom. Monarchs of Sialkot in the
776:
They are included among 36 royal dynasties mentioned by
773:
is also believed to have belonged to the Takka people.
754:
to have converted to Islam during the reign of Caliph
1310:
But after the Gupta period, Buddhism began to decline
912:
The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions
722:
The account of Sulaimān the merchant calls its king
872:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 26.
568:
473:
458:
446:
438:
423:
413:
396:
21:
1287:
52:Taank Kingdom shown in violet in the north of the
701:) by Gildemeister, in his extracts from Masudi.
703:Takin, Tafan, Tafak, Taffa, Takas, and Takishar
1083:Vishveshvaranand Indological Journal, Vol XVI
816:due to preference give to the propagation of
8:
1325:An Archaeological History of Indian Buddhism
714:
696:
682:
664:
1240:. Lahore: al-Waqar Publishers. p. 25.
1150:. Lahore: al-Waqar Publishers. p. 20.
1480:. Munshiram Manoharlal. pp. 150–154.
1175:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
1014:. Concept Publishing Company. p. 81.
924:Handa, Om Chanda; Hāṇḍā, Omacanda (2001).
906:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
18:
1439:. Harvard University Press. p. 241.
957:. Cambridge University Press. p. 4.
1118:, vol. 1, Brill, pp. 219–358,
796:may have belonged to the Takka kingdom.
619:in the east, centered around modern day
1206:
1204:
858:
1515:Medieval empires and kingdoms of India
1414:from the original on 18 November 2022
1399:
1397:
1215:. Madras: Higginbotham and Co. 1873.
1169:Devra, G.S.L.; Arora, Shashi (2012).
1096:
1094:
1092:
655:author who mentions the kingdom is a
472:
457:
453:
7:
976:
974:
16:Early medieval kingdom in the Punjab
1436:Political Violence in Ancient India
715:
697:
683:
665:
883:Cunningham, Sir Alexander (1871).
647:(history of Sindh) mentions it as
14:
669:). In 915 AD, the Arab historian
1525:Empires and kingdoms of Pakistan
1300:from the original on May 3, 2019
1286:Gopal, Navjeevan (May 3, 2019).
1259:Balogh, Dániel (12 March 2020).
930:. Indus Publishing. p. 27.
869:A Historical atlas of South Asia
866:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
820:, and later collapsed after the
552:
538:
513:
84:
66:
46:
760:
1476:Cunningham, Alexander (1871).
1:
1055:Balogh, Dániel (2020-03-12).
984:The World of the Skandapurāṇa
595:) was a kingdom based in the
479:
464:
36:
29:
1410:. CUP Archive. p. 791.
1238:Taxila and the Western World
1148:Taxila and the Western World
1100:Cunningham 1871, p. 151-152.
951:Grewal, J. S. (1998-10-08).
750:, whose king is reported by
1364:University of Hawaiʻi Press
1037:The Panjab Past and Present
981:Bakker, Hans (2015-06-29).
808:'s capital to have been at
1551:
1404:Ghosh, Amalananda (1965).
1236:Ḍār, Saifurraḥmān (1984).
1146:Ḍār, Saifurraḥmān (1984).
1008:Ahmad, Aijazuddin (2009).
635:" kingdom is mentioned by
1265:. Barkhuis. p. 279.
1124:10.1163/9789004483002_009
1061:. Barkhuis. p. 307.
492:
488:
454:
61:
45:
28:
1112:"The Mahārājas of India"
709:gives another spelling,
1433:Singh, Upinder (2017).
1330:Oxford University Press
954:The Sikhs of the Punjab
657:merchant named Sulaiman
1322:Fogelin, Lars (2015).
987:. BRILL. p. 113.
889:. Trübner and Company.
475:• Disestablished
1530:Dynasties of Pakistan
799:
611:, extending from the
414:Common languages
1356:McNair, Amy (2007).
1110:Wink, André (2002),
832:shrines. He visited
826:Brahminical Hinduism
400:Shekilo (modern day
381:class=notpageimage|
1211:Tod, James (1829).
615:in the west to the
460:• Established
54:Indian subcontinent
1520:Dynasties of India
1510:History of Sialkot
1294:The Indian Express
910:Li Rongxi (1996),
728:Rashtrakuta Empire
406:Ṭakin or Ṭakkáwar
1505:History of Punjab
1446:978-0-674-97527-9
1359:Donors of Longmen
1272:978-94-93194-01-4
1133:978-90-04-48300-2
1068:978-94-93194-01-4
1021:978-81-8069-568-1
994:978-90-04-27714-4
964:978-0-521-63764-0
937:978-81-7387-115-3
847:History of Punjab
689:Sir Henry Elliott
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890:
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800:Xuanzang's visit
786:Punjabi folklore
764:
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718:
717:
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41:
38:
34:
31:
19:
1550:
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1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1535:Hindu dynasties
1495:
1494:
1488:
1475:
1472:
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1466:
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1447:
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1402:
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1374:
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1332:. p. 149.
1321:
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1002:
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979:
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922:
918:
909:
894:
882:
881:
877:
865:
864:
860:
855:
843:
802:
759:
673:mentions it as
651:. The earliest
629:
587:(also known as
575:
553:
539:
514:
482:
476:
467:
461:
430:
407:
405:
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57:
39:
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1546:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
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1507:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1486:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1452:
1445:
1425:
1393:
1372:
1366:. p. 89.
1348:
1338:
1314:
1278:
1271:
1251:
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1200:
1161:
1138:
1132:
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936:
916:
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857:
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851:
850:
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842:
839:
801:
798:
763: 833–842
736:Ibn Khordadbeh
628:
625:
609:Zunbil dynasty
580:
579:
570:
566:
565:
562:
561:
558:
557:
550:
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25:
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13:
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1487:9788121510646
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1373:9780824829940
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1341:
1339:9780199948239
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1222:9788120603509
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831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
797:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
774:
772:
768:
767:Lawik dynasty
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
724:malik at-taqa
720:
712:
708:
704:
694:
690:
680:
676:
672:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
626:
624:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
585:Taank Kingdom
578:
574:
571:
569:Today part of
567:
551:
549:
546:
545:
537:
535:
532:
531:
528:
522:
519:
512:
511:
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478:
463:
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363:
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341:
332:
323:
312:
303:
302:
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283:
272:
263:
254:
245:
243:SHAILODBHAVAS
236:
227:
218:
209:
207:
198:
189:
180:
171:
160:
151:
142:
133:
124:
115:
106:
97:
87:
79:
69:
60:
56:circa 700 AD.
55:
49:
44:
27:
23:Taank Kingdom
20:
1477:
1470:Bibliography
1455:
1435:
1428:
1416:. Retrieved
1406:
1386:
1385:... and the
1384:
1377:. Retrieved
1358:
1351:
1343:
1324:
1317:
1309:
1302:. Retrieved
1281:
1261:
1254:
1237:
1231:
1212:
1178:
1174:
1164:
1147:
1141:
1115:
1105:
1082:
1077:
1057:
1050:
1041:
1036:
1030:
1010:
1003:
983:
953:
946:
926:
919:
911:
885:
878:
868:
861:
829:
814:Gupta period
803:
775:
752:al-Biladhuri
747:
723:
721:
710:
702:
692:
678:
674:
660:
648:
632:
630:
607:and east of
592:
588:
584:
583:
534:Hindu Shahis
503:Succeeded by
502:
497:
330:LATER GUPTAS
297:
225:PANDUVAMSHIS
205:
1418:11 November
1387:destruction
1181:: 205–211.
794:Raja Rasalu
790:Raja Sálbán
756:al-Mu'tasim
637:Hiuen-Tsang
603:, north of
548:Turk Shahis
521:Alchon Huns
498:Preceded by
418:Old Punjabi
386:Alchon Huns
1499:Categories
1246:1172089120
1156:1172089120
853:References
822:Alchon Hun
806:Mihirakula
748:al-Usaifan
707:M. Reinaud
645:Chach Nama
617:Beas river
483: 950
468: 550
439:Government
434:(minority)
408:(possibly)
290:TOCHARIANS
131:ZHANGZHUNG
75:South Asia
40: 950
33: 550
1187:2249-1937
778:James Tod
671:Al-Masudi
424:Religion
348:CHALUKYAS
319:MANDAVYA-
149:SAMATATAS
113:LICCHAVIS
1412:Archived
1379:March 9,
1304:March 9,
1298:Archived
1195:44156207
841:See also
818:Hinduism
788:such as
765:). The
675:at-Tákin
641:Gandhara
633:Tseh-kia
573:Pakistan
442:Monarchy
432:Buddhism
428:Hinduism
339:THANESAR
252:GONANDAS
216:KALINGAS
178:PALLAVAS
169:KUNDINAS
158:KAMARUPA
1043:Takkas.
782:Sialkot
744:Sangala
740:Balhara
627:History
621:Sialkot
601:Kashmir
447:History
402:Sialkot
397:Capital
370:PERSIAN
300:VALABHI
279:WESTERN
261:KANNAUJ
206:ALCHONS
167:VISHNU-
104:PANDYAS
1484:
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810:Sagala
771:Ghazni
732:Deccan
691:, and
653:Muslim
643:. The
597:Punjab
450:
372:EMPIRE
361:CHURIS
196:NEZAKS
187:ALUPAS
140:CHERAS
122:CHOLAS
77:600 CE
1461:p.216
1191:JSTOR
711:Tában
693:Táfan
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684:طاقين
679:Tákin
661:Táfak
613:Indus
605:Sindh
589:Takka
577:India
359:KALA-
357:EARLY
310:SINDH
281:TURKS
270:TAKKA
234:GAUDA
95:MORIS
1482:ISBN
1441:ISBN
1420:2022
1381:2023
1368:ISBN
1334:ISBN
1306:2023
1267:ISBN
1242:OCLC
1217:ISBN
1183:ISSN
1152:OCLC
1128:ISBN
1063:ISBN
1016:ISBN
989:ISBN
959:ISBN
932:ISBN
830:Deva
792:and
716:طابن
698:طافن
666:طافك
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