121:
stockade, most of these warriors had guns. Wissmann then engaged these vanguards in discussion. They explained through
Wissmann's interpreter, that Sampa had no quarrel with the Germans if they promptly left Nondo's village; otherwise, the Bemba would attack both Lungu and Germans together. Wissmann refused to comply and warned the Bemba that it was a grave matter to do battle with Europeans. Meanwhile, his fellow officers, as also some of the Bemba began to show signs of impatience with this parley. The delay was well calculated however, as the great mass of Bemba continued to draw closer, they became more vulnerable to Wissmann's firepower. Nondo's councilor fired the first shot from the stockade, Wissmann hurled a grenade into a group of Bemba leaders; and the Germans and Lungu came out of the stockade with two big guns. The Maxim was used with devastating effect. Within a few minutes the Bemba were fleeing in disarray, leaving several dead and wounded. Abandoning their numerous captives and much other booty. The main Bemba force pursued its headlong flight, not halting until it reached the Bemba border, a four-day march away. Sampa himself got stuck in a marsh, and by the time he returned, his people had given him up for dead. The Germans heard that three of his sons had been killed.
85:
Kalwa married a Tabwa man to establish their chieftaincy of Nsama while Mukulu
Munakile also known as Mukulu Lyanse married among the Malaila to establish the chieftaincy of Mukupa Kaoma and Chitoshi. The oldest of the sisters, Mukulu Mwenya, settled at Mbete along Lake Tanganyika in the present day Mpulungu District. She went on to marry into the Sinyangwe family, which it seems was the most dominant clan among the Lungu. She had a daughter called Chilombo, who married a man called Chitimbiti (Sikazwe), the two had a son called Ngolwe. In the late 1800s the Sinyangwe clan experienced a lot of unexplained deaths of which they accused their nephew Ngolwe of bewitching them. They also suspected him of having a sexual relationship with his aunt, the wife of one of his uncles, who was the head of the clan. As custom demanded, he drunk umwavi a deadly poison, so that if he died then he was deemed guilty but if he vomited and survived then he was innocent. After it was established that they wrongly accused him as he had vomited the poison and survived, as per custom he was to be given anything he demanded. After consulting with his father, he demanded the leadership of the clan and so became the first Chief Tafuna (Tafuna, from the word ukutafuna, to chew or to devour).
105:
Zombe who held out under siege; he was eventually relieved by
Chitimbwa and Kasonso: and together the Lungu Chiefs routed Chitapankwa. He fled, together with the Swahili, whom he had coerced to help him, leaving almost all their guns behind. The Lungu, for once united, the Bemba were not. Chitapankwa's elder brother Mwamba II had refused to join the campaign, and when he heard of the Bemba defeat, he was so shocked he threatened to rebel. Chitapankwa eventually avenged this humiliation. About ten years later, he recruited support from Makasa and Nkula. He then led the large force to Zombe's village. The Bemba's used a decoy with great success and inflicted a crushing defeat, they claim that Zombe was killed and his village razed to the ground.
113:
village on the shores of lake
Tanganyika. They then climbed eastwards to cross the Kalambo river above the falls and a little to the north of the frontier between the German and British spheres of influence. At this point, the Bemba encountered the imperial commissioner for German East Africa, Herman von Wissmann. Wissmann, who was directing an anti-slavery campaign between Lakes Malawi and Tanganyika had with him a force of two other officers and sixty trained soldiers; he also had a cannon and a
89:
river. Other Lungu Chiefs such as
Kasonso, Chitimbwa and Chibwe seem to have been independent of Tafuna III. Soon afterwards, Tafuna III died, but his successor as holder of the Chungu title was more concerned to protect his country in the west against Bemba raiders than to move east and claim the Tafuna title. Instead in about 1870, another Lungu royal Kakungu, obtained help from Tippu Tip and in the face of local opposition set himself up at Isoko as Tafuna IV.
81:
far more in common with the Bemba. The two main groups of Lungu have been distinct and separate throughout their brief remembered histories and there is no record of their collaborating in any common effort against the Bemba. An early
British official once remarked "the Malaila Alungu are for all practical purposes Awemba, Tafuna's Lungu are sometimes referred to as Mambwe or Mambwe-Lungu"
129:
In 1889 the Lungu made treaties with the
British through Chiefs; Tafuna, Chitimbwa and Chungu. The Mambwe did the same through Chief Fwambo and Chief Kela As a result, they became part of the North-Eastern Rhodesia protectorate which eventually became part of Zambia. The rest of Lungu and Mambwe land
120:
During the night of 6 July while the
Germans kept watch within, the Bemba fired a few shots at Nondo's stockade, an act of provocation from which Makasa vainly tried to desuade Sampa. By the following morning, the Bemba had deployed several of their men around ant-hills no more than 50 yards from the
104:
In 1872, Chitapankwa, the Bemba paramount, set out northwards to help the Fipa Chief of
Lyangalile. While most of the Bemba force went on into Fipa country, Chitapankwa and his son Makasa IV were provoked by Zombe into attacking his village along the Lucheche river. They underestimated their opponent
182:
This is a traditional ceremony held to install Chief Tafuna. In olden days the designate Chief was required to cross the strip of water between lake
Tanganyika and the sacred Mbita island while holding on to two canoes. If he survived the journey without being eaten by crocodiles or falling over and
84:
According to legend, the Lungu royal line of Chief Tafuna came from a land called Uzao, on the west of Lake Tanganyika in what is now eastern DR Congo. The people of this land were known as the Azao, led by a Chief Tandwe Lesa. They came as a group led by three royal women of the Azimba clan. Mukulu
80:
The Tafuna Dynasty together with that of Mukupa Kaoma and the Tabwa chiefly dynasties belong to the matrilineal Zimba (leopard) clan. The commoners under Tafuna, however, are patrilineal and have close affinities with the Mambwe, whereas the Malaila Lungu of Mukupa Kaoma are all matrilineal and have
88:
In the late 19th century, there was much conflict among the Lungu who nominally accepted Tafuna's paramountcy. In the 1860s the minor Chief Chungu I, became Tafuna III, but he had difficulty maintaining his position at Isoko, the royal capital and by 1867 he had moved west to settle on the Lifubu
191:
This is a traditional ceremony of the Mambwe and the Lungu of Tafuna, it is conducted to celebrate a successful harvest and to pray for rains for the next farming season. It takes place every last Saturday of June on the shores of lake Chila in Mbala. During the ceremony the wives of the Chiefs
112:
In 1893, Chitimukulu Sampa along with Makasa led a joint expedition north into Lungu country. This was apparently an annual raid, which on this occasion was undertaken just after harvest when the prospects were best for plunder. The Bemba appear to have marched north as far as Lupembe, a Lungu
138:
The Lungu are divided into a number of exogamous, dispersed patrilineal clans (Umwiko), nearly all of which are prefixed by the syllable 'Si' (Father of) for males and 'Na' (Mother of) for females. Some of the more common ones are; Sinyangwe, Sikazwe, Simuchenje, Silupya, Siulapwa, Sikatunga,
108:
Earlier in the 1860s, the Lungu were part of a large Ngoni led force along with the Mambwe, Inamwanga and Iwa that defeated the Bemba at Manga in which they killed Mukukamfumu Kasonde II, a sister of Chtapankwa's and captured her daughter Chimbabantu, Makasa himself had already fled.
192:
present samples of foods grown in their chiefdom so that the Chiefs can bless them and give thanks to the ancestral spirits for a successful harvest. The Chiefs then taste the food and then the subjects are free to eat. The ceremony also involves traditional dances and music.
168:
The Lungu have a traditional music piece consisting of a dance called Nsimba and musical instruments called Vingwengwe. They also have various artists such as Kalambo Hit Parade, Solo Kalenge and Esther Namunga who perform Mambwe Lungu traditional music.
570:
200:
The Lungu traditionally believe in a supreme god called Leza. He is remote from human affairs and as such he's not worshiped. The principal lesser divinity of Ulungu is called Kapembwa. Other ancestral spirits are Mbita, Namukale, etc.
563:
34:
i.e. the Lungu of Chief Tafuna (Mambwe-Lungu) and the Lungu of Chief Mukupa Kaoma (Malaila-Lungu). The Mambwe Lungu, who are the main focus of this article are located primarily on the southwestern shores of
2342:
2327:
556:
183:
drowning, it meant he was approved by the ancestors. It was upon reaching the island that he would seek permission from the spirits Kapembwa, Mbita and Namukale to become leader of the Lungu people.
1030:
1013:
63:
district. In 1987 the Lungu population in Tanzania was estimated to number 34,000. The number of Lungu in Zambia has not been independently estimated, though the combined number of
579:
1018:
1063:
2141:
1023:
117:. He was camped in a stockaded village of a Lungu headman Nondo. The Bemba force, which the Germans estimated at five thousand, now approached Nondo's village.
1056:
2134:
2093:
615:
2332:
2291:
1049:
2337:
2127:
276:
Traditional succession disputes: an analysis of its causes in senior chief Tafuna chiefdom of Isoko village in Mpulungu, Zambia
467:
440:
413:
386:
313:
240:
280:
2098:
1072:
1855:
2191:
2322:
2150:
1929:
1673:
1531:
2201:
548:
257:
2181:
1123:
2103:
857:
735:
1369:
827:
587:
350:
526:
484:
457:
430:
403:
376:
303:
230:
1754:
1473:
690:
620:
463:
436:
409:
382:
309:
236:
1865:
1840:
342:
44:
1985:
1980:
1883:
1721:
1589:
1564:
1463:
1405:
1334:
822:
720:
710:
700:
148:
36:
540:
2296:
2075:
2070:
2043:
2033:
1990:
1911:
1830:
1807:
1764:
1655:
1640:
1622:
1526:
1445:
1435:
1420:
1410:
1354:
1296:
1253:
1179:
1159:
1131:
1093:
947:
887:
792:
765:
685:
675:
635:
610:
459:
A history of the Bemba; political growth and change in north-eastern Zambia before 1900
432:
A history of the Bemba; political growth and change in north-eastern Zambia before 1900
405:
A history of the Bemba; political growth and change in north-eastern Zambia before 1900
378:
A history of the Bemba; political growth and change in north-eastern Zambia before 1900
305:
A history of the Bemba; political growth and change in north-eastern Zambia before 1900
232:
A history of the Bemba; political growth and change in north-eastern Zambia before 1900
217:
2316:
2281:
2266:
2246:
2241:
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2013:
2008:
1972:
1962:
1947:
1939:
1924:
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1901:
1893:
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1822:
1802:
1774:
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1607:
1597:
1541:
1483:
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1349:
1316:
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1278:
1263:
1245:
1235:
1230:
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1202:
1197:
1169:
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1136:
1113:
1088:
1080:
977:
962:
942:
937:
932:
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740:
680:
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98:
64:
60:
31:
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2256:
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2196:
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2057:
2023:
2018:
2000:
1957:
1850:
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1812:
1784:
1736:
1726:
1716:
1706:
1645:
1579:
1574:
1569:
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1551:
1521:
1516:
1506:
1501:
1468:
1415:
1397:
1382:
1377:
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1207:
1189:
1174:
1108:
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982:
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817:
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730:
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695:
665:
660:
645:
640:
630:
625:
152:
40:
511:
2221:
2216:
1792:
1749:
1711:
1701:
1602:
1536:
1511:
1493:
1453:
1387:
1339:
1324:
1258:
1225:
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987:
967:
957:
927:
917:
862:
775:
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705:
655:
605:
595:
2085:
1744:
1458:
1103:
650:
346:
274:
2186:
1952:
1329:
1041:
852:
114:
2119:
2286:
2251:
2053:
528:
The Fipa and related peoples of South-west Tanzania and north-east Zambia
486:
The Fipa and related peoples of South-west Tanzania and north-east Zambia
56:
48:
1344:
907:
499:
354:
330:
2065:
52:
17:
2108:
952:
715:
2123:
1045:
552:
435:. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 233–235.
381:. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 149–151.
101:
lost a lot of their territory to the Bemba through warfare.
67:
and Lungu in Zambia was estimated to be 262,800 in 1993.
462:. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. p. 231.
408:. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. p. 145.
308:. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. p. 148.
235:. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. p. 148.
139:
Simfutata, Simuyemba, Sichilima, Sikasote and Chizu .
2328:
Ethnic groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
580:
Ethnic groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
218:
http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=mgr
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1999:
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1277:
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1216:
1188:
1145:
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1079:
1006:
586:
2343:Democratic Republic of the Congo–Zambia relations
531:. London: International Institute. p. 46.
489:. London: International Institute. p. 42.
2135:
1057:
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262:. Lusaka: The Government Printer. p. 67.
8:
2142:
2128:
2120:
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331:"Chronology of the Bemba (N.E. Zambia)"
210:
27:Ethnic group from Zambia & Tanzania
151:called Lungu (Cilungu), a dialect of
7:
500:https://www.nor.gov.zm/?page_id=1571
283:from the original on August 9, 2022
25:
279:(Thesis). UNZA Repository Home.
259:The Tribes of Northern Rhodesia
335:The Journal of African History
1:
30:The Lungu are a tribe of two
2359:
2333:Ethnic groups in Tanzania
2157:
1073:Ethnic groups in Tanzania
544:, Encyclopædia Britannica
347:10.1017/S0021853700009956
256:Brelsford, W. V. (1956).
130:is now part of Tanzania.
456:Roberts, Andrew (1973).
429:Roberts, Andrew (1973).
402:Roberts, Andrew (1973).
375:Roberts, Andrew (1973).
329:Roberts, Andrew (1970).
302:Roberts, Andrew (1973).
273:Gondwe, TJ (2022). "4".
229:Roberts, Andrew (1973).
2338:Ethnic groups in Zambia
2151:Ethnic groups in Zambia
173:Traditional Ceremonies
525:Willis, Roy (1966).
483:Willis, Roy (1966).
97:The Lungu, like the
93:Wars with the Bemba
32:Bantu ethnic groups
2099:Chinese Tanzanians
147:The Lungu speak a
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2117:
2116:
2104:Indian Tanzanians
1039:
1038:
196:Religious beliefs
51:and northeastern
16:(Redirected from
2350:
2192:Kanongesha-Lunda
2144:
2137:
2130:
2121:
2094:White Tanzanians
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45:Kalambo District
21:
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2306:
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701:Great Lakes Twa
582:
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514:. 20 June 2017.
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37:Lake Tanganyika
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1007:Non-indigenous
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341:(2): 221–240.
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149:Bantu Language
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134:Descent System
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38:
33:
19:
2231:
1797:
802:
631:Banyamulenge
541:
527:
520:
506:
495:
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478:
458:
451:
431:
424:
404:
397:
377:
370:
358:. Retrieved
338:
334:
324:
304:
297:
285:. Retrieved
275:
268:
258:
251:
231:
224:
213:
199:
190:
181:
167:
153:Mambwe-Lungu
146:
137:
128:
125:British Rule
119:
111:
107:
103:
96:
87:
83:
79:
41:Rukwa Region
29:
2222:Lukanga Twa
1370:Kilimanjaro
621:Bakwa Dishi
512:"Umutomolo"
2317:Categories
2086:Immigrants
1755:Ndengereko
691:Garanganze
588:Indigenous
469:0299064506
442:0299064506
415:0299064506
388:0299064506
315:0299064506
242:0299064506
205:References
55:mainly in
2187:Kafwe Twa
1986:Nyanyembe
1953:Nyamwanga
1866:Shinyanga
1841:Ndendeule
1019:Europeans
853:Mongo Twa
360:15 August
187:Umutomolo
115:Maxim gun
2287:Tokaleya
2252:Ndwandwe
2054:Zanzibar
1981:Nyamwezi
1884:Nyamwezi
1590:Morogoro
1565:Nyakyusa
1464:Barabaig
1406:Machinga
1335:Holoholo
823:Mangbetu
721:Iyaelima
711:Holoholo
287:July 15,
281:Archived
143:Language
57:Mpulungu
49:Tanzania
2297:Tumbuka
2076:Swahili
2071:Shirazi
2044:Swahili
1991:Swahili
1930:Nyaturu
1912:Singida
1831:Matengo
1808:Tumbuka
1765:Swahili
1656:Swahili
1641:Makonde
1623:Vidunda
1527:Ngurimi
1474:Kw'adza
1446:Manyara
1436:Swahili
1421:Makonde
1411:Matumbi
1355:Swahili
1345:Manyema
1297:Konongo
1254:Hangaza
1180:Sandawe
1160:Burunge
1132:Swahili
1094:Datooga
1014:Chinese
948:Turumbu
908:Songora
888:Ngbandi
793:Lugbara
686:Furiiru
676:Dengese
636:Barambu
611:Avukaya
159:Culture
76:Origins
71:History
2282:Subiya
2267:Nsenga
2247:Mwanga
2242:Mbunda
2237:Mambwe
2212:Lovale
2207:Lambya
2177:Chokwe
2066:Hadimu
2056:&
2039:Zigula
2034:Sambaa
2029:Segeju
2014:Dhaiso
2009:Bondei
1973:Tabora
1963:Lambya
1948:Malila
1940:Songwe
1925:Isanzu
1920:Iramba
1902:Sukuma
1894:Simiyu
1879:Sukuma
1874:Iramba
1823:Ruvuma
1803:Mambwe
1775:Zigula
1770:Zaramo
1760:Rufiji
1722:Pangwa
1694:Njombe
1684:Sukuma
1679:Kerewe
1666:Mwanza
1651:Maviha
1633:Mtwara
1618:Sagara
1613:Pogolo
1608:Luguru
1598:Kaguru
1542:Zanaki
1484:Mbugwe
1479:Maasai
1431:Ngindo
1426:Ndonde
1378:Chagga
1350:Tongwe
1317:Kigoma
1307:Rungwa
1302:Pimbwe
1279:Katavi
1264:Nyambo
1246:Kagera
1236:Ndamba
1231:Mbunga
1218:Iringa
1203:Sumbwa
1198:Sukuma
1170:Gorowa
1155:Alagwa
1147:Dodoma
1137:Zaramo
1114:Maasai
1089:Arusha
1081:Arusha
1031:Jewish
978:Yakoma
963:Wochua
943:Tumbwe
938:Topoke
933:Tetela
913:Songye
893:Nyanga
878:Ngando
838:Mbunda
813:Mayogo
808:Makere
741:Keliko
671:Chokwe
601:Nyindu
466:
439:
412:
385:
355:180318
353:
312:
239:
178:Walamo
99:Mambwe
65:Mambwe
53:Zambia
2302:Yombe
2292:Tonga
2277:Senga
2272:Nyiha
2262:Nkoya
2257:Ngoni
2232:Lungu
2227:Lunda
2202:Lamba
2197:Kunda
2172:Chewa
2167:Bwile
2162:Bemba
2109:Arabs
2058:Pemba
2024:Ngulu
2019:Mbugu
2001:Tanga
1958:Ndali
1851:Nindi
1846:Ngoni
1836:Mpoto
1813:Wanda
1798:Lungu
1785:Rukwa
1737:Pwani
1727:Wanji
1717:Manda
1707:Kinga
1646:Makua
1580:Sangu
1575:Safwa
1570:Nyiha
1560:Kimbu
1552:Mbeya
1522:Kuria
1517:Kabwa
1507:Ikoma
1502:Ikizu
1469:Iraqw
1416:Mwera
1398:Lindi
1383:Ngasa
1360:Vinza
1292:Bende
1287:Bembe
1269:Shubi
1208:Zinza
1190:Geita
1175:Rangi
1109:Sonjo
1099:Hadza
1024:Greek
998:Zyoba
993:Zande
983:Yombe
973:Yanzi
953:Tutsi
923:Tagbu
903:Sanga
898:Pende
883:Ngata
873:Ndaka
868:Mpama
848:Mongo
843:Mbuti
833:Mbole
818:Mbaka
803:Lungu
798:Lunda
786:Lulua
781:Hemba
766:Lendu
751:Konjo
746:Kongo
731:Kango
726:Kakwa
696:Gbaya
666:Bwile
661:Bunda
646:Bembe
641:Bemba
626:Banda
542:Tabwa
351:JSTOR
164:Music
61:Mbala
18:Tabwa
2217:Lozi
1793:Fipa
1750:Kami
1712:Kisi
1702:Bena
1674:Kara
1603:Kutu
1537:Ware
1532:Suba
1512:Jita
1494:Mara
1454:Akie
1388:Pare
1340:Jiji
1325:Goma
1259:Haya
1226:Hehe
1165:Gogo
1104:Meru
988:Yulu
968:Yaka
958:Vira
928:Teke
918:Suku
863:Moru
858:Mono
776:Luba
771:Logo
761:Lele
756:Lega
736:Kele
716:Hutu
706:Hema
656:Budu
616:Baka
606:Amba
596:Alur
464:ISBN
437:ISBN
410:ISBN
383:ISBN
362:2023
310:ISBN
289:2023
237:ISBN
59:and
1856:Yao
1745:Doe
1459:Asa
828:Mbo
681:Efé
651:Boa
343:doi
43:'s
39:in
2319::
1330:Ha
349:.
339:11
337:.
333:.
155:.
47:,
2143:e
2136:t
2129:v
1065:e
1058:t
1051:v
572:e
565:t
558:v
472:.
445:.
418:.
391:.
364:.
345::
318:.
291:.
245:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.