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173:" fit for the subject: the resulting two-volume work, which has been called "an encyclopedia of 15th-century Ferrarese illumination", reflects the most exquisite and extravagant courtly taste of the age. Crivelli was responsible for the majority of the illustration work. Other painters who assisted Crivelli and Russi on the illuminations include Guglielmo Giraldi, Giorgio D'Allemagna and a youthful
347:). Some of Crivelli's stylistic traits, such as his use of line in representations of clothing and clouds, also suggest Lombard influence. The elaborately decorated miniatures for the Borso Bible are characterized by saturated colouring and rich costumes that would seem to comply with Borso's luxurious tastes. Architectural spaces are rendered by means of
146:. Crivelli's own life is largely undocumented until 1451, by which time he was certainly working in Ferrara. Analysis of his personal account book between 1451 and 1457 alongside official court documents indicates that Crivelli was in charge of a busy workshop, sharing work out with assistants and colleagues. Nevertheless, records of illicit
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256:
Although he may have produced larger paintings while in
Ferrara, none has been found. A record of a pawnbroking transaction of 1472 suggests that he may have left Ferrara abruptly, presumably in the wake of Borso's death in 1471, and perhaps attracted by the patronage of the
311:. A slightly later map of the world on a single sheet has also been attributed to him, but is now not thought to be his. Receipts show that in this period payments for his illuminations declined. He was engaged to work on manuscripts for the grand basilica of
393:
521:
658:
212:
851:
736:, Vol. 130, No. 4 (Dec., 1964), pp. 577-578, Published by: The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers), Article DOI: 10.2307/1792324,
381:
315:, but ended up pawning parts of them (which his patrons later bought back). His last recorded work dates from 1476; by 1479 he is referred to as being dead.
468:
845:
Pfändtner, Karl-Georg (April 2011). "A Newly-Discovered
Masterpiece by Taddeo Crivelli: A Portrait of Borso d'Este in the Bamberg State Library".
153:
From 1455 until 1461, he worked, together with Franco dei Russi, on his most prestigious commission: the miniatures for the luxuriously produced
249:, produced some time after the marriage in 1469 of Orsina D'Este with Andrea Gualengo (another prominent advisor to Borso), is conserved in the
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881:
566:
106:
parts of manuscripts he was supposed to illuminate, suggesting his finances were far from stable. His last recorded work dates from 1476.
464:
369:
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The style of the art-work in the Borso Bible has been linked to the
Ferrara school of painting which developed under the influence of
835:
114:
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transactions of parts of manuscripts he had been engaged to illuminate suggest that his financial situation was far from stable.
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Crivelli is known to have completed other major works in
Ferrara, at least two of which survive. A 1467 illuminated copy of
59:
871:
774:"MS. Holkham misc. 49: Boccaccio, Decameron, Ferrara, c. 1467; illuminated by Taddeo Crivelli for Teofilo Calcagnini"
268:
19:
561:
472:
773:
752:, The Kenneth Nebenzahl, Jr., Lectures in the History of Cartography, p.195, 1987, University of Chicago Press,
69:
His most prestigious commission was a lavishly illustrated two-volume Bible produced between 1455 and 1461 for
102:, where payments for his work declined. Despite the lavish works he supervised during his career he sometimes
348:
285:
By 1473 Crivelli was working in
Bologna with a fellow miniaturist, Domenico Pagliarolo (fl 1471–97), on a
51:
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sometime in the 1420s. His father, Niccolò Crivelli, and his grandfather, Bongrazia
Crivelli, were both
460:
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633:
601:
476:
178:
302:
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maps and nautical charts, and is usually accepted as the engraver of the 1477 Bolognese edition of
272:
Detail from the Borso Bible, Crivelli's most significant commission. It was produced together with
186:
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406:
344:
258:
202:
28:
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with the rest of the ducal library in 1598, and remained there until 1859, when it was taken to
142:. They were naturalized citizens of Ferrara, who are thought to have migrated from somewhere in
498:
This supposition is based on a letter from Borso requesting the execution of a small painting (
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307:, the first book both to contain printed maps and to be illustrated by engravings rather than
182:
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His wife
Margherita bore him three sons and a daughter, Lodovica, who married the painter
166:
528:(in Italian) (144). Rome: Ministero dei Beni e delle Attività Culturali. April–June 2008.
66:
of the first book illustrated with maps, which was also the first book using engraving.
694:
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276:, (a member of Crivelli's own circle), to whom this nativity scene has been attributed.
47:
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77:. Other surviving works he took charge of in Ferrara include an illuminated copy of
250:
162:
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24:
339:(and especially to the frescoes that were subsequently painted to decorate the
665:(in Italian) (144). Rome: Ministero dei Beni e delle Attività Culturali: 7–24
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229:
224:
83:
78:
659:"Quanto costa la magnificenza? Il caso della "Bibia bella" di Borso d'Este"
489:, who restored it to its current home in the Biblioteca Estense in Modena.
190:
143:
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63:
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in 1471. Borso's commission for this lavish work specifically demanded "
737:
479:. On Charles's death in 1922, the manuscript was purchased in Paris by
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in Vienna. In 1918 it was taken to
Switzerland by the deposed emperor
308:
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286:
262:
135:
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39:
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422:
206:
55:
800:
The
Gualenghi-d'Este Hours: Art and Devotion in Renaissance Ferrara
211:
18:
177:. Production of the Bible cost exactly twice the amount paid to
194:
197:, which at the time represented a colossal sum of money. The
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Theatrum Orbis
Terrarum. A Series of Atlases in Facsimile
595:
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Detail from a page of the Borso Bible displaying the
62:, and also has the distinction of being the probable
201:(as it is sometimes called) is now conserved in the
54:. He is considered one of the foremost 15th-century
824:Hermann, Hermann Julius; Toniolo, Federica (1994).
776:. Bodleian Library, University of Oxford. 2000–2003
699:(in French). E. Plon, Nourrit et Company. pp.
863:Digital reproduction of the Bible of Borso d’Este
193:. The illumination work alone cost five thousand
161:, who chose to take it to Rome to show it off to
483:, the Milanese industrialist and founder of the
237:, a court advisor to Borso, is conserved in the
878:from the Bodleian Library, University of Oxford
696:L'art ferrarais Ă l'Ă©poque des princes d'Este
581:
579:
577:
537:
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8:
463:. It then entered the private collection of
570:(in Italian). Vol. 31. Rome: Treccani.
750:Art and Cartography: Six Historical Essays
876:manuscript illustrated by Taddeo Crivelli
293:. He also took on the unfamiliar task of
465:Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Este
267:
113:
98:After Borso's death in 1471 he moved to
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440:
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562:"Crivelli, Taddeo (Taddeo da Ferrara)"
165:on the occasion of his investiture as
7:
716:Landau, David, and Parshall, Peter.
567:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
882:Taddeo Crivelli at the Getty Museum
802:. Los Angeles: Getty Publications.
657:Melograni, Anna (April–June 2008).
447:The Borso Bible was first moved to
42:1451, died by 1479), also known as
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387:Detail from the bottom of a page
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368:
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134:He appears to have been born in
130:Background and career in Ferrara
471:in 1914, it became part of the
399:Miniature in a manuscript from
830:(in Italian). Modena: Panini.
421:St. Jerome in the Desert with
1:
904:15th-century Italian painters
233:, which was commissioned for
886:digital reproduction of the
849:. St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
940:
643:. Oxford University Press.
611:. Oxford University Press.
728:; Crone, G.R., review of
363:Page from the Borso Bible
872:Digital reproduction of
734:The Geographical Journal
693:Gruyer, Gustave (1897).
522:"Bibbia di Borso d'Este"
919:Manuscript illuminators
646:(subscription required)
614:(subscription required)
602:"Bible of Borso d'Este"
241:in Oxford. A sumptuous
52:illuminated manuscripts
888:Gualenghi-d'Este Hours
847:Manuscripts on My Mind
798:Barstow, Kurt (2000).
720:, Yale, 1996, p. 241,
632:Rosenberg, Charles M.
600:Rosenberg, Charles M.
560:Lijuba, Eleen (1985).
281:Final years in Bologna
277:
247:Gualenghi-d'Este Hours
220:
218:Gualenghi-d'Este Hours
216:Illumination from the
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93:Gualenghi-d'Este Hours
32:
23:Illumination from the
924:Painters from Ferrara
914:Italian male painters
909:Quattrocento painters
867:World Digital Library
718:The Renaissance Print
486:Enciclopedia Italiana
289:for the monastery of
271:
215:
117:
22:
827:La miniatura estense
477:Charles I of Austria
431:Notes and references
179:Domenico Ghirlandaio
187:Santa Maria Novella
175:Girolamo da Cremona
157:of Ferrara's ruler
638:Grove Art Online,
634:"Crivelli, Taddeo"
606:Grove Art Online,
461:Francesco V d'Este
407:Giovanni Boccaccio
345:Palazzo Schifanoia
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235:Teofilo Calcagnini
221:
203:Biblioteca Estense
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33:
29:Biblioteca Estense
809:978-0-89236-370-4
760:, 9780226907222,
748:Woodward, David,
663:Bollettino d'Arte
640:Oxford Art Online
608:Oxford Art Online
526:Bollettino d'Arte
481:Giovanni Treccani
469:his assassination
349:false perspective
183:Tornabuoni Chapel
75:Duke Borso d'Este
44:Taddeo da Ferrara
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87:and a luxurious
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36:Taddeo Crivelli
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16:Italian painter
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319:Personal life
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467:, but after
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313:San Petronio
304:Cosmographia
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251:Getty Museum
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171:magnificence
163:Pope Paul II
159:Borso d'Este
152:
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124:coat of arms
97:
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56:illuminators
43:
35:
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780:18 December
669:21 December
375:Double page
291:San Procolo
259:Bentivoglio
199:Borso Bible
148:pawnbroking
50:painter of
25:Borso Bible
898:Categories
758:0226907228
726:0300068832
509:References
337:Cosmè Tura
261:family in
73:'s ruler,
874:Decameron
500:quadretto
295:engraving
230:Decameron
225:Boccaccio
122:family's
110:Biography
84:Decameron
79:Boccaccio
46:, was an
309:woodcuts
191:Florence
144:Lombardy
140:notaries
64:engraver
865:at the
792:Sources
299:Ptolemy
287:Gradual
263:Bologna
136:Ferrara
100:Bologna
71:Ferrara
58:of the
48:Italian
834:
806:
756:
724:
703:–426.
453:Vienna
449:Modena
423:rabbit
409:(1467)
207:Modena
104:pawned
738:JSTOR
436:Notes
331:Style
832:ISBN
804:ISBN
782:2013
754:ISBN
722:ISBN
671:2013
195:lire
120:Este
701:424
405:by
343:in
301:'s
227:’s
205:in
189:in
185:in
81:’s
40:fl.
900::
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
