2631:(delivering a strike using the closed fist), and pushes. In some smaller tournaments, and in the past, points were awarded by three corner judges using electronic scoring tallies. All major national and international tournaments have moved fully (as of 2017) to electronic scoring, including the use of electronic headgear. This limits corner judges to scoring only technical points and punches. Some believe that the new electronic scoring system reduces controversy concerning judging decisions, but this technology is still not universally accepted. In particular, the move to electronic headgear has replaced controversy over judging with controversy over how the technology has changed the sport. Because the headgear is not able to determine if a kick was a correct taekwondo technique, and the pressure threshold for sensor activation for headgear is kept low for safety reasons, athletes who improvised ways of placing their foot on their opponents head were able to score points, regardless of how true to taekwondo those techniques were.
308:
2615:
octagon of similar size. Competitors are matched within gender and weight division—eight divisions for World
Championships that are condensed to four for the Olympics. A win can occur by points, or if one competitor is unable to continue (knockout). However, there are several decisions that can lead to a win, as well, including superiority, withdrawal, disqualification, or even a referee's punitive declaration. Each match consists of three two-minute rounds, with one minute rest between rounds, though these are often abbreviated or shortened for some junior and regional tournaments. Competitors must wear a
1276:
1307:
9048:
1836:
2707:
1248:. While the Kukkiwon focus on the martial art and self-defence aspects of Kukki-Taekwondo, the WT promoted the sportive side, and its competitions employ a subset of the techniqes present in the Kukkiwon-style Taekwondo. For this reason, Kukkiwon-style Taekwondo is often referred to as WT-style Taekwondo, sport-style Taekwondo, or Olympic-style Taekwondo, though in reality the style is defined by the Kukkiwon, not the WT.
2026:
5324:
419:
8991:
5310:
3403:
1284:
9001:
184:
2599:
82:
2688:
match. If there is no score in the additional round, the winner is decided by superiority, as determined by the refereeing officials or number of fouls committed during that round. If a competitor has a 20-point lead at the end of the second round or achieves a 20-point lead at any point in the third round, then the match is over and that competitor is declared the winner.
2563:
2240:
1946:
1827:, Rhee adopted ITF-style Taekwondo within his chain of schools, but like the GTF later departed from the ITF due to the political controversies surrounding Choi and the ITF. Rhee went on to develop his own style of taekwondo called Jhoon Rhee-style Taekwondo, incorporating elements of both traditional and ITF-style Taekwondo as well as original elements.
1718:(GTF) split from the ITF due to the political controversies surrounding the ITF; the GTF continues to practice ITF-style Taekwondo, however, with additional elements incorporated into the style. Likewise, the ITF itself split in 2001 and again in 2002 into three separate federations, headquartered in Austria, the United Kingdom, and Spain respectively.
1933:
123:
5628:
1420:): sparring includes variations such as freestyle sparring (in which competitors spar without interruption for several minutes); seven-, three-, two-, and one-step sparring (in which students practice pre-arranged sparring combinations); and point sparring (in which sparring is interrupted and then resumed after each point is scored)
2755:(although they are required to wear approved foot and hand protection equipment, as well as optional head guards). This scoring system varies between individual organisations within the ITF; for example, in the TAGB, punches to the head or body score 1 point, kicks to the body score 2 points, and kicks to the head score 3 points.
6003:"General Choi, utilizing both his advanced education and Calligraphy skills that involved extensive knowledge of Chinese characters and language, searched for and later conceived of the new term Tae Kwon Do. This label more accurately reflected the shifting emphasis on the use of the legs for kicking"
1923:
Teukgong
Moosool is a combat system developed in South Korea by the special forces units that is projected to stop the opponent as quickly as possible, although it was also used in sports competition. It is a hybrid style that mixes Taekwondo, Judo, Hapkido, Sanda (and other Chinese wushu styles) and
2525:
conserving the body's energy. He expanded on this principle with his advocacy of the "sine wave" technique. This involves raising one's centre of gravity between techniques, then lowering it as the technique is performed, producing the up-and-down movement from which the term "sine wave" is derived.
2524:
Choi also advocated a "relax/strike" principle for taekwondo; in other words, between blocks, kicks, and strikes the practitioner should relax the body, then tense the muscles only while performing the technique. It is believed that the relax/strike principle increases the power of the technique, by
2520:
as well as
Chinese martial arts. For example, Choi observed that the kinetic energy of a strike increases quadratically with the speed of the strike, but increases only linearly with the mass of the striking object. In other words, speed is more important than size in terms of generating power. This
2758:
A continuous point system is utilized in ITF competition, where the fighters are allowed to continue after scoring a technique. Excessive contact is generally not allowed according to the official ruleset, and judges penalize any competitor with disqualification if they injure their opponent and he
2687:
At the end of three rounds, the competitor with most points wins the match. In the event of a tie, a fourth "sudden death" overtime round, sometimes called a "Golden Point", is held to determine the winner after a one-minute rest period. In this round, the first competitor to score a point wins the
2488:
The World
Taekwondo Federation (WTF) also refers to the commandments of the Hwarang in the articulation of its taekwondo philosophy. Like the ITF philosophy, it centers on the development of a peaceful society as one of the overarching goals for the practice of taekwondo. The WT's stated philosophy
1914:
Han Mu Do is a martial art developed by Koream practitioner Dr. Young Kimm, who founded the World
Hanmudo Association to assure the preservation of his style. Its ideals are mostly based on the Han philosophy, mainly about the mind balance of the practitioner. Young Kimm studied Taekwondo, Tang Soo
1896:
Hup Kwon Do is a hybrid style of
Taekwondo created by a Malayan martial artist called Grandmaster Lee in 1989. He opened his first school in Penang, and originally developed this system as a self-defense technique, mixing Taekwondo with a multitude of other martial arts, such as Kendo, Bokken, Wado
1008:
Discussions around the historical influences of
Taekwondo have been controversial, with two main schools of thought: traditionalism and revisionism. Traditionalism holds that the origins of Taekwondo are indigenous while revisionism, the prevailing theory, argues that Taekwondo is rooted in karate.
1905:
Han Moo Doo is a hybrid martial art created by Korean practitioner Yoon Sung Hwang in 1989, in
Kahauva, Finland. Like other variations of Taekwondo, it first started out as a method of self-defense before spreading across Northern countries such as Sweden, Norway and Denmark. It combines Taekwondo
5958:
The
President was amazed and asked General Choi what the new martial art is called. President Rhee was a nationalist, hated the Japanese and would not approve the soldiers practicing Japanese martial arts such as Tang Soo Do or Korean Karate. Someone said to the President that it was Tang Soo Do.
2697:
or forms, although this is not an
Olympic event. Single competitors perform a designated pattern of movements, and are assessed by judges for accuracy (accuracy of movements, balance, precision of details) and presentation (speed and power, rhythm, energy), both of which receive numerical scores,
2614:
Under World Taekwondo (WT, formerly WTF) and Olympic rules, sparring is a full-contact event, employing a continuous scoring system where the fighters are allowed to continue after scoring each technique, taking place between two competitors in either an area measuring 8 meters square or an
1887:
Extreme Taekwondo is a hybrid style created in 2008, by Taekwondo practitioner Shin-Min Cheol, who also founded Mirime Korea in 2012, a production company that helped spreading his style. His company is based on promoting TKD tournaments, in a style which mixed other martial arts like Karate and
2683:
The referee can give penalties at any time for rule-breaking, such as hitting an area not recognized as a target, usually the legs or neck. Penalties, called "Gam-jeom" are counted as an addition of one point for the opposing contestant. Following 10 "Gam-jeom" a player is declared the loser by
2630:
Points are awarded for permitted techniques delivered to the legal scoring areas as determined by an electronic scoring system, which assesses the strength and location of the contact. The only techniques allowed are kicks (delivering a strike using an area of the foot below the ankle), punches
842:
Poomsae are patterns that demonstrate a range of kicking, punching and blocking techniques, kyorugi involves the kind of sparring seen in the Olympics, and gyeokpa is the art of breaking wooden boards. Taekwondo also sometimes involves the use of weapons such as swords and nun-chucks. Taekwondo
5620:
2549:
Mass: the principle of bringing as much of the body to bear on a strike as possible; again using the turning kick as an example, the idea would be to rotate the hip as well as the leg during the kick in order to take advantage of the hip's additional mass in terms of providing power to the
2698:
with deductions made for errors. Pair and team competition is also recognized, where two or more competitors perform the same form at the same time. In addition to competition with the traditional forms, there is experimentation with freestyle forms that allow more creativity.
6032:"Interview with Nam Tae-Hi making it clear that Tae Kwon Do came from Korean Karate (also known as "Shotokan Karate," "Tang Soo Do" and "Kong Soo Do"). At a martial arts meeting in 1955, Choi presented a fictional argument connecting Taekwon-Do to Taekkyon, an old martial art"
3414:
may be used as prompts for commands or for counting repetition exercises. Different schools and associations will use different vocabulary, however, and may even refer to entirely different techniques by the same name. As one example, in Kukkiwon/WT-style Taekwondo, the term
1314:
While organisations such as ITF or Kukkiwon define the general style of Taekwondo, individual clubs and schools tend to tailor their Taekwondo practices. Although each Taekwondo club or school is different, a student typically takes part in most or all of the following:
802:
653:
1582:
There are a number of major Taekwondo styles as well as a few niche styles. Most styles are associated with a governing body or federation that defines the style. The major technical differences among taekwondo styles and organizations generally revolve around:
2589:
There are two kinds of competition sparring: point sparring, in which all strikes are light contact and the clock is stopped when a point is scored; and Olympic sparring, where all strikes are full contact and the clock continues when points are scored.
1979:
When sparring, padded equipment is usually worn. In the ITF tradition, typically only the hands and feet are padded. In the Kukkiwon/WT tradition, full-contact sparring is facilitated by the employment of more extensive equipment: padded helmets called
1297:
Taekwondo is characterized by its emphasis on head-height kicks, jumping and spinning kicks, and fast kicking techniques. In fact, WT sparring competitions award additional points for strikes that incorporate spinning kicks, kicks to the head, or both.
1239:
as the new national academy for Taekwondo. Kukkiwon now serves many of the functions previously served by the KTA, in terms of defining a government-sponsored unified style of Taekwondo. In 1973 the KTA and Kukkiwon supported the establishment of the
2532:
Reaction Force: the principle that as the striking limb is brought forward, other parts of the body should be brought backwards in order to provide more power to the striking limb. As an example, if the right leg is brought forward in a
1450:): the breaking of boards is used for testing, training, and martial arts demonstrations. Demonstrations often also incorporate bricks, tiles, and blocks of ice or other materials. These techniques can be separated into three types:
2621:, head protector, shin pads, foot socks, forearm guards, hand gloves, a mouthpiece, and a groin cup. Tournaments sanctioned by national governing bodies or the WT, including the Olympics and World Championship, use electronic
6148:
1757:. Among the refinements incorporated into this new sub-style is the "sine wave"; one of Choi Hong-hi's later principles of taekwondo is that the body's centre of gravity should be raised-and-lowered throughout a movement.
1646:. They used a number of different names such as Tang Soo Do (Chinese Hand Way), Kong Soo Do (Empty Hand Way) and Tae Soo Do (Foot Hand Way). Traditional Taekwondo is still practised today but generally under names like
1209:. As a response to this, along with political disagreements about teaching taekwondo in North Korea and unifying the whole Korean Peninsula, Choi broke with the (South Korea) KTA in 1966, in order to establish the
6873:
2030:
2507:
The emphasis on speed and agility is a defining characteristic of taekwondo and has its origins in analyses undertaken by Choi Hong-hi. The results of that analysis are known by ITF practitioners as Choi's
1879:, but the style itself is defined by the Kukkiwon, not by the WT, and the WT competition ruleset itself only allows the use of a very small number of the total number of techniques included in the style.
2489:
is that this goal can be furthered by adoption of the Hwarang spirit, by behaving rationally ("education in accordance with the reason of heaven"), and by recognition of the philosophies embodied in the
6856:
1761:
Some ITF schools adopt the sine wave style, while others do not. Essentially all ITF schools do, however, use the patterns (tul) defined in the Encyclopedia, with some exceptions related to the forms
307:
7014:
2627:, electronic foot socks, and electronic head protectors to register and determine scoring techniques, with human judges used to assess and score technical (spinning) techniques and score punches.
6932:
7208:
2499:(understanding change in the world as the interactions of the heavens, the Earth, and Man). The philosophical position articulated by the Kukkiwon is likewise based on the Hwarang tradition.
6963:
1664:
as a common term for their martial arts. As part of the unification process, The Korea Taekwondo Association (KTA) was formed through a collaborative effort by representatives from all the
1009:
In later years, the Korean government has been a significant supporter of traditionalist views as to divorce Taekwondo from its link to Japan and give Korea a "legitimate cultural past".
2759:
can no longer continue (although these rules vary between ITF organizations). At the end of two minutes (or some other specified time), the competitor with more scoring techniques wins.
1216:
Initially, the South Korean president gave Choi's ITF limited support, due to their personal relationship. However, Choi and the government later split on the issue of whether to accept
6234:
1781:, a former Taekwondo instructor in the South Korean military, relocated to Omaha, Nebraska and established a chain of martial arts schools in the United States under the banner of the
7149:
6156:
1746:
The style of taekwondo practised by the ITF before its 1973 split with the KTA is sometimes called by ITF practitioners "Traditional Taekwondo", though a more accurate term would be
1924:
Korean Kickboxing and it follows the Yin-Yang and five elements philosophy. Its origins date back to the 1960s–70s, but it was only introduced in special forces training in 1979.
6058:"Nam and General Choi faced a dilemma as they could not teach the Koreans Karate and call it Taekkyeon. They needed a new name urgently but the President liked the name Taekkyon"
2781:'s inter-university competitions, which have included separate WT rules sparring, ITF rules sparring, Kukkiwon patterns and Chang-Hon patterns events run in parallel since 1992.
1692:
that joined the unification is that of the Kukkiwon, with the notable exception of half the Oh Do Kwan which joined the ITF instead and therefore uses the Chan Hon curriculum.
5595:
1228:. After his retirement, the ITF split in 2001 and then again in 2002 to create three separate ITF federations, each of which continues to operate today under the same name.
7091:
1906:
with other Korean martial arts like Hapkido and Hoi Jeon Moo Sool. It mixes striking and grappling techniques, and some schools also incorporate weapons training into it.
1570:
Though weapons training is not a formal part of most taekwondo federation curriculum, individual schools will often incorporate additional training with weapons such as
6884:
827:("the art or way"). In addition to its five tenets of courtesy, integrity, perseverance, self-control and indomitable spirit, the sport requires three physical skills:
6754:
2650:
scores 1 point. The punch must be a straight punch with arm extended; jabs, hooks, uppercuts, etc. are permitted but do not score. Punches to the head are not allowed.
1220:
influence on the martial art. In 1972, South Korea withdrew its support for the ITF. The ITF continued to function as an independent federation, then headquartered in
9037:
7274:
6845:
6125:
9437:
2540:
Concentration: the principle of bringing as many muscles as possible to bear on a strike, concentrating the area of impact into as small an area as possible.
7069:
7003:
2347:
Different styles of Taekwondo adopt different philosophical underpinnings. Many of these underpinnings however refer back to the Five Commandments of the
2553:
Speed: as previously noted, the speed of execution of a technique in taekwondo is deemed to be even more important than mass in terms of providing power.
1686:
also function as a channel for the issuing of Kukkiwon dan and poom certification (black belt ranks) for their members. The official curriculum of those
1173:. During this time taekwondo was also adopted for use by the South Korean military, which increased its popularity among civilian martial arts schools.
6940:
2762:
Fouls in ITF sparring include: attacking a fallen opponent, leg sweeping, holding/grabbing, or intentional attack to a target other than the opponent.
2062:), which represents belt color. A belt color may have a stripe in it. Ranks typically count down from higher numbers to lower ones. For senior ranks ("
1800:(WTTU) to promote the practice of Songahm Taekwondo internationally. In 2015, all the spin-offs were reunited under the umbrella of ATA International.
7204:
1255:
and karate), and one of six total (the others being the previously mentioned, Greco-Roman wrestling, freestyle wrestling, and boxing) included in the
6035:
5959:'No, it's T'aekkyon' the President countered. The president later instructed General Choi to teach the T'aekkyon martial art to more Korean soldiers.
1855:
the Kukkiwon became the new national academy for Taekwondo, thereby establishing a new "unified" style of Taekwondo. In 1973 the KTA established the
1625:, depending on the style); these are sets of prescribed formal sequences of movements that demonstrate mastery of posture, positioning, and technique
536:
6955:
1852:
1232:
6068:
5950:
5851:
7610:
7243:
7224:
6686:
6226:
5729:
1785:(ATA). Like Jhoon Rhee Taekwondo, ATA Taekwondo has its roots in traditional taekwondo. The style of Taekwondo practised by the ATA is called
5798:
5673:
5474:
2640:), permitted but non-scoring techniques (such as a kick that strikes an arm), and not-permitted techniques (such as a kick below the waist).
523:
7153:
6987:
5569:
9457:
7730:
2829:
2778:
2677:
As of October 2010, 4 points were awarded if a turning kick was used to execute this attack. As of June 2018, this was changed to 5 points.
1167:). The name was also the closest to the pronunciation of "taekkyon", The new name was initially slow to catch on among the leaders of the
9030:
7183:
2715:
2352:
2225:
are considered Grandmasters. Kukkiwon-issued ranks also hold an age requirement, with grandmaster ranks requiring an age of over forty.
2086:
1700:
1260:
1210:
882:
6433:
2200:), are not yet allowed to issue ranks, and are generally thought of as still having much to learn. Instructors who hold a 4th. to 6th.
1867:
recognized the WT and Taekwondo sparring in 1980. For this reason, the Kukkiwon-defined style of Taekwondo is sometimes referred to as
9452:
8681:
7645:
6614:
5926:
5487:
1670:, and the work began on a common curriculum, which eventually resulted in the Kukkiwon and the Kukki Style of Taekwondo. The original
7099:
8676:
8530:
8363:
7267:
6463:
5699:
5591:
1797:
285:
267:
165:
109:
2036:
Taekwondo ranks vary from style to style and are not standardized. For junior ranks, ranks are indicated by a number and the term (
5533:
881:, or martial arts schools, in Korea. The main international organizational bodies for Taekwondo today are various branches of the
8666:
8649:
8644:
8495:
7688:
2851:
1191:
of the KTA to adopt his own Chan Hon-style of Taekwondo, as a unified style. This was, however, met with resistance as the other
912:
6716:
7031:
5981:
5296:
1864:
8233:
9462:
9023:
8629:
1782:
1135:
612:
205:
6010:
6807:
8639:
8624:
6093:
2815:
2336:
is a systematic, prearranged sequence of martial techniques that is performed either with or without the use of a weapon.
6664:
5881:
1753:
After the 1973 split, Choi Hong-hi continued to develop and refine the style, ultimately publishing his work in his 1983
9447:
7872:
7260:
6746:
6373:
5560:
2820:
2546:
Breath Control: the idea that during a strike one should exhale, with the exhalation concluding at the moment of impact.
2234:
1793:
1292:
248:
5768:
2728:
Competitors are penalized with disqualification if they injure their opponent and he can no longer continue (knockout).
8703:
8634:
7128:
1844:
1715:
1456:
Speed breaking – boards are held loosely by one edge, putting special focus on the speed required to perform the break
1244:(WTF), which later changed its name to "World Taekwondo" (WT) in 2017 due to the previous initialism overlapping with
1203:, to serve as a way to bring on the heritage and characteristics of all of the styles, not just the style of a single
1182:
898:
870:
220:
1721:
The GTF and all three ITFs practice Choi's ITF-style Taekwondo. In ITF-style Taekwondo, the word used for "forms" is
7603:
5565:
2840:
1856:
201:
147:
95:
6561:
1037:, and urged martial arts to be introduced to the army under a single system. Beginning in 1955 the leaders of the
9442:
8708:
7065:
5343:
2063:
1676:
that formed KTA continues to exist today, but as independent fraternal membership organizations that support the
961:
858:
which was developed during the 1940s and 1950s by Korean martial artists with experience in martial arts such as
227:
138:
38:
6321:
8731:
7947:
7650:
6784:
6117:
1915:
Do, Kuk Sul, Hapkido, Korean Judo and Kum Do, mixing all of their techniques together to create his own style.
1185:
or KTA) was established to facilitate the unification of Korean martial arts. Choi wanted all the other member
6903:
1275:
1819:, upon graduating from college in Texas, relocated to and established a chain of martial arts schools in the
1259:. It started as a demonstration event at the 1988 games in Seoul, a year after becoming a medal event at the
9004:
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8576:
8155:
7803:
7745:
7698:
7635:
5497:
2766:
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2251:
Three Korean terms may be used with reference to taekwondo forms or patterns. These forms are equivalent to
1423:
497:
194:
70:
6638:
6403:
6343:
2351:
as a historical referent. For example, Choi Hong-hi expressed his philosophical basis for taekwondo as the
2082:
Students must pass tests to advance ranks, and promotions happen at variable rate depending on the school.
234:
8566:
7501:
6031:
5492:
5430:
Was an early name of taekwondo before Choi Hong-hi managed to convince the organization to adopt the name
5349:
2792:
1213:(ITF)— a separate governing body devoted to institutionalizing his Chan Hon-style of taekwondo in Canada.
1022:
1145:
626:
9411:
9339:
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8065:
7735:
7718:
7713:
7640:
7596:
7092:"AAU Taekwondo > Rules/Info > Rules Handbook > 2015 AAU Taekwondo Handbook Divided By Sections"
2586:). In Olympic taekwondo competitions, however, only sparring (using WT competition rules) is performed.
998:
981:
427:
8353:
7176:"Paralympic Sports : Taekwondo|The Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games"
6547:
1263:, and became an official medal event at the 2000 games in Sydney. In 2010, taekwondo was accepted as a
6291:
6057:
5943:
2282:) is the term usually used in Traditional Taekwondo (i.e., 1950s–1960s styles of Korean martial arts).
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Different taekwondo styles and associations (ATA, ITF, GTF, WT, etc.) use different taekwondo forms.
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1109:
985:
863:
391:
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63:
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refers to a long, low, front stance. Korean vocabulary commonly used in taekwondo schools includes:
9334:
9230:
9225:
9166:
9080:
8994:
8958:
8866:
8653:
8419:
8285:
8275:
8070:
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7990:
7755:
7725:
7693:
7542:
7478:
7430:
7283:
5721:
5382:
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1043:
began discussing in earnest the possibility of creating a unified Korean martial art. Until then, "
969:
943:
874:
355:
8990:
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9102:
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8695:
8442:
8290:
7708:
5843:
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5354:
2904:
2892:
2769:, and 'special techniques' (where competitors perform prescribed board breaks at great heights).
1789:. The ATA went on to become one of the largest chains of Taekwondo schools in the United States.
1519:
1264:
808:
8515:
5469:
Kang, Won Sik; Lee, Kyong Myung (1999). A Modern History of Taekwondo. Seoul: Pogyŏng Munhwasa.
3410:
In taekwondo schools—even outside Korea—Korean language commands and vocabulary are often used.
2795:(AAU) competitions are very similar, except that different styles of pads and gear are allowed.
2706:
1306:
897:(WT, formerly World Taekwondo Federation or WTF), founded in 1972 and 1973 respectively by the
873:(KTA), formed in 1959 through a collaborative effort by representatives from the nine original
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1835:
133:
7175:
5874:"The Influence of Korean Nationalism on the Formational Process of T'aekwŏndo in South Korea"
2582:; some tournaments also include special events such as demonstration teams and self-defense (
9317:
9085:
9047:
6441:
5827:
5694:
2916:
2856:
1820:
1739:, culture and religious philosophy. The GTF-variant of ITF practices an additional six tul.
1736:
1523:
1224:, Canada. Choi continued to develop the ITF-style, notably with the 1983 publication of his
1155:
927:
669:
552:
548:
530:
470:
6815:
5501:
1897:
Shimpo, Kickboxing and Karate. It is mainly governed by the World Hupkwondo Council (WHC).
1066:) was also used to describe a unified style Korean martial arts. This name consists of the
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2737:
2 points for Jumping kick to the body or kick to the head, or a jumping punch to the head
1703:(ITF)-style Taekwondo, more accurately known as Chang Hon-style Taekwondo, is defined by
6205:
Martial Arts Instructors Desk Reference: A Complete Guide to Martial Arts Administration
2634:
Techniques are divided into three categories: scoring techniques (such as a kick to the
1640:"Traditional Taekwondo" refers to the 1940s and 1950s martial arts by the nine original
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Power breaking – using straightforward techniques to break as many boards as possible
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6149:"Taekwondo set to join 2018 Commonwealth Games after 'category two' classification"
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Modern ITF organizations have continued to update and expand upon this philosophy.
1824:
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involving punching and kicking techniques. The word Taekwondo can be translated as
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5753:, 3rd ed. (Vol. 1, pp. 241–274). Mississauga: International Taekwon-Do Federation
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principle was incorporated into the early design of taekwondo and is still used.
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These tenets are further articulated in a taekwondo oath, also authored by Choi:
1251:
Since 2000, Taekwondo has been one of three Asian martial arts (the others being
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980:. These schools were established by Korean martial artists with backgrounds in
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In addition to sparring competition, World Taekwondo sanctions competition in
2598:
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from the 29th Infantry Division. He misrecognized the technique on display as
1030:
9015:
6595:, 3rd ed. (Vol. 1, p. 122). Mississauga: International Taekwon-Do Federation.
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7362:
7291:
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3419:
refers to an upright walking stance, while in ITF/Chang Hon-style Taekwondo
2718:(ITF) has sparring rules similar to the WT's, but they differ in some ways:
2562:
2543:
Equilibrium: maintaining a correct centre-of-balance throughout a technique.
1548:
1537:
919:
government officially designated Taekwondo as Korea's national martial art.
7985:
7120:
7004:"WORLD TAEKWONDO FEDERATION POOMSAE COMPETITION RULES & INTERPRETATION"
2312:) is the term officially used by Kukkiwon/WT-style and ATA-style Taekwondo.
17:
2777:
Some organizations deliver multi-discipline competitions, for example the
2725:
The competition is not full contact, and excessive contact is not allowed.
2239:
1945:
1823:
area that practiced Traditional Taekwondo. In the 1970s, at the urging of
1197:
instead wanted a unified style to be created based on inputs from all the
9371:
9366:
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9188:
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1393:
1236:
1034:
908:
890:
464:
Light and medium-contact (ITF, ITC, ATKDA, GBTF, GTF, ATA, TI,TCUK, TAGB)
383:
6578:
1005:, while others were exposed to the martial arts of China and Manchuria.
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1932:
1735:
tul. The names and symbolism of the Chang Hon tul refer to elements of
1556:
1552:
1319:
1221:
336:
7252:
6933:"British taekwondo chief says new judging system is far from flawless"
6086:"World Taekwondo Federation changes name over 'negative connotations'"
2919:
are in effect due to the WT and ITF tournament rules and regulations:
2490:
2291:
2220:
2201:
2189:
2162:
2138:
2114:
2090:
2068:
1959:
1847:(KTA) Central Dojang opened in Seoul; in 1973 the name was changed to
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1085:
1072:
617:
354:
No single creator; a collaborative effort by representatives from the
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8180:
8130:
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7537:
7532:
6313:
5592:"Flying Kicks: The Roots of Taekwondo and the Future of Martial Arts"
2579:
2333:
2262:
2244:
2000:
1994:; feet, shins, groins, hands, and forearms protectors are also worn.
1951:
1723:
1588:
1159:
859:
568:
387:
7055:
ITF World Junior & Senior Tournament Rules—Rules and Regulations
6776:
6631:
2808:
World Taekwondo (WT) directly sanctions the following competitions:
1463:
techniques to attain greater height, distance, or to clear obstacles
1115:
Choi Hong-hi advocated the use of the name "Tae Kwon Do", replacing
6911:
6846:"WORLD TAEKWONDO FEDERATION COMPETITION RULES & INTERPRETATION"
2665:
A technical kick (a kick that involves turning or spinning) to the
2662:
A regular kick (no turning or spinning) to the head scores 3 points
2537:, the right arm is brought backwards to provide the reaction force.
2031:
Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education, Mexico City
1459:
Special techniques – breaking fewer boards but by using jumping or
8581:
8333:
8125:
8100:
7527:
7506:
7445:
7382:
7180:
The Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games
6491:
5789:
Cook, Doug (2006). "Chapter 3: The Formative Years of Taekwondo".
3401:
2705:
2597:
2561:
2238:
2024:
1944:
1938:
1931:
1834:
1571:
1305:
1282:
1274:
1067:
1052:
1048:
1002:
977:
846:
784:
590:
443:
2235:
List of Taekwondo techniques § Patterns, poomsae, hyung, tul
2212:), and are allowed to grade students to ranks beneath their own.
991:
Early progenitors of taekwondo—the founders of the nine original
9247:
9215:
8943:
8898:
8823:
8783:
8035:
7995:
7937:
7880:
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6411:
6351:
2605:
2253:
1989:
1839:
Relative popularity of Kukkiwon-style Taekwondo around the world
1385:
1252:
493:
9019:
8602:
7663:
7592:
7588:
7256:
2495:(the yin and the yang, i.e., "the unity of opposites") and the
5791:
Traditional Taekwondo: Core Techniques, History and Philosophy
177:
116:
75:
6956:"Is that a kick? Taekwondo fighters devise new ways to score"
1742:
Within the ITF taekwondo tradition there are two sub-styles:
5690:"Korea officially designates taekwondo as nat'l martial art"
5615:
5613:
2745:
The competition area is 9×9 meters for international events.
2328:) is the term usually used in ITF/Chang Hon-style Taekwondo.
8220:
6990:(7 October 2010, pp. 31–32). Retrieved on 27 November 2010.
6283:
1997:
The school or place where instruction is given is called a
1863:, WT) to promote the sportive side of Kukki-Taekwondo. The
765:
753:
744:
732:
711:
699:
678:
7066:"30 Years of the Student National Taekwondo Championships"
723:
687:
4990:
1851:. Under the sponsorship of the South Korean government's
1687:
1681:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1641:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1168:
1149:
1038:
992:
970:
875:
631:
2765:
ITF competitions also feature performances of patterns,
2188:
In WT/Kukki-Taekwondo, instructors holding 1st. to 3rd.
1047:" was the term used for Korean karate, using the Korean
3406:
Some common taekwondo terminology and parts of the body
1986:
are always worn, as are padded torso protectors called
1792:
The ATA established international spin-offs called the
42:
7241:
Kukkiwon's Guide to Technical Terminology in Taekwondo
5816:"Historical Views on the Origins of Korea's Taekwondo"
2644:
A punch that makes strong contact with the opponent's
1383:
324:
TKD, tae kwon do, tae kwon-do, taekwon-do, tae-kwon-do
5949:. Thesis prepared for 4th dan granting requirements.
5749:
Park, S. W. (1993): About the author. In H. H. Choi:
2085:
Titles can also come with ranks. For example, in the
1615:
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750:
747:
738:
726:
720:
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705:
690:
684:
681:
672:
5381:, which served as basis for styles practiced by the
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2456:
2435:
2414:
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2207:
2195:
2168:
2144:
2120:
2113:; "assistant instructor"), those holding 4th to 6th
2096:
2049:
1998:
1987:
1981:
1727:; the specific set of tul used by the ITF is called
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1505:
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7674:
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7459:
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7338:
7290:
6007:
General Choi Taekwon-do Association (India) website
1231:In 1972, the KTA and the South Korean government's
1154:) "fist", the term also used for "martial arts" in
759:
714:
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639:
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342:
328:
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208:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
6904:"New taekwondo scoring system reduces controversy"
5914:
1628:Differences in the sparring rules for competition.
1181:In 1959, the Korea Tang Soo Do Association (later
6065:Thesis prepared for 4th dan granting requirements
5820:The International Journal of the History of Sport
997:—who were able to study in Japan were exposed to
7205:Taekwondo World Qualification Tournament Outline
5917:A Killing Art: The Untold History of Tae Kwon Do
5793:. Boston: YMAA Publication Center. p. 19.
2653:A regular kick (no turning or spinning) to the
2528:The components of the Theory of Power include:
869:The oldest governing body for Taekwondo is the
2674:A technical kick to the head scores 5 points.
1055:
9031:
7604:
7268:
4218:Inside-out heel kick or outside crescent kick
2710:Common styles of ITF point sparring equipment
1976:) uniform with a belt tied around the waist.
8:
4231:Outside-in heel kick or inside crescent kick
2478:I shall be a champion of freedom and justice
2450:
2444:
2429:
2423:
2408:
2402:
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2012:
2006:
1971:
1965:
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1427:
1409:
1397:
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956:Beginning in 1945, shortly after the end of
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778:
598:
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576:
574:
411:
300:
6112:
6110:
2903:Taekwondo is also an optional sport at the
2512:. Choi based his understanding of power on
1958:A Taekwondo practitioner typically wears a
110:Learn how and when to remove these messages
26:
9038:
9024:
9016:
8610:
8599:
7671:
7660:
7611:
7597:
7589:
7275:
7261:
7253:
6986:World Taekwondo Federation (Oct 7, 2010):
6593:Taekwon-Do: The Korean art of self-defence
5751:Taekwon-Do: The Korean art of self-defence
4955:
4846:
4549:
4399:
4127:
3668:
3425:
2472:I shall respect the instructor and seniors
2137:; "instructor"), those holding 7th to 8th
1021:witnessed a martial arts demonstration by
410:
371:
62:"TKD" redirects here. For other uses, see
5908:
5906:
5904:
5902:
5900:
5898:
5814:Park, Cindy; Kim, Tae Yang (2016-06-12).
2570:Taekwondo competitions typically involve
1566:Examinations to progress to the next rank
286:Learn how and when to remove this message
268:Learn how and when to remove this message
166:Learn how and when to remove this message
5664:Kang, Won Sik; Lee, Kyong Myung (1999).
3285:
3174:
3075:
2974:
2921:
2029:Exhibition of taekwondo students at the
922:The governing body for Taekwondo in the
843:practitioners wear a uniform known as a
32:This is an accepted version of this page
6787:from the original on September 28, 2014
6667:from the original on September 11, 2014
6264:. International Taekwon-Do Federation.
6255:
6253:
6251:
5956:from the original on December 1, 2017.
5462:
5366:
5192:...also Sparring (Chang Hon/ITF-style)
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3090:
3085:
2989:
2984:
2934:
2929:
2469:I shall observe the tenets of taekwondo
1853:Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism
1233:Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism
28:
7186:from the original on 14 September 2018
6988:Competition rules & interpretation
6757:from the original on September 3, 2014
6128:from the original on September 3, 2014
6074:from the original on December 1, 2017.
5659:
5657:
5655:
5653:
5651:
5649:
5647:
5645:
2734:1 point for Punch to the body or head.
2194:are considered assistant instructors (
559:
299:
7020:from the original on October 2, 2017.
6998:
6996:
6840:
6838:
6836:
6834:
6832:
6294:from the original on October 23, 2020
3923:Ridge hand (lit. reverse hand blade)
2812:World Taekwondo Poomsae Championships
2740:3 points for Jumping kick to the head
2722:Hand attacks to the head are allowed.
1658:was agreed upon by the nine original
1310:A young red/black-belt performs Koryo
902:
794:
645:
143:Page numbers for some sources needed.
7:
6862:from the original on August 9, 2017.
6814:. WorldTaekwondo.org. Archived from
2830:World Taekwondo Junior Championships
2779:British Student Taekwondo Federation
1492:Throwing and/or falling techniques (
1382:): these serve the same function as
889:in 1966, and the partnership of the
206:adding citations to reliable sources
9438:Games and sports introduced in 1955
6806:World Taekwondo Federation (2004).
6324:from the original on August 7, 2012
5702:from the original on 15 August 2022
5572:from the original on 9 January 2017
5536:from the original on 21 August 2017
2848:World Taekwondo Beach Championships
2826:World Taekwondo Cadet Championships
2716:International Taekwon-Do Federation
2702:International Taekwon-Do Federation
2481:I shall build a more peaceful world
2243:A demonstration at Kuopio-halli in
2206:are considered master instructors (
2161:; "master"), and those holding 9th
2087:International Taekwon-Do Federation
1701:International Taekwon-Do Federation
1696:1966: ITF/Chang Hon-style Taekwondo
1211:International Taekwon-Do Federation
883:International Taekwon-Do Federation
2837:World Taekwondo Para Championships
2834:World Taekwondo Team Championships
2821:World Para Taekwondo Championships
944:Korean martial arts § History
57:
8531:Marine Corps Martial Arts Program
7121:"Main—World Taekwondo Federation"
5598:from the original on 1 March 2019
4433:Seogi (stance) or Jase (posture)
2868:These feature WT Taekwondo only:
2859:(debut in 2020 Tokyo Paralympics)
2610:), forearm guards and shin guards
2215:Rules of Taekwondo Promotion Test
2089:, instructors holding 1st to 3rd
1804:1970s: Jhoon Rhee-style Taekwondo
1798:World Traditional Taekwondo Union
1773:1969: ATA/Songahm-style Taekwondo
91:This article has multiple issues.
9046:
8999:
8989:
8496:Historical European martial arts
7072:from the original on 2 June 2018
6902:Gomez, Brian (August 23, 2009).
6641:from the original on 3 July 2017
5973:テコンドーの歴史も2千年? 空手の親? 消された創始者(1/3)
5322:
5308:
2079:or "degree" and counts upwards.
2066:" ranks), each rank is called a
1831:1972: Kukki-style / WT-Taekwondo
1591:practiced by each style (called
1017:In 1952, South Korean president
1013:Attempt to standardise Taekwondo
668:
417:
306:
182:
121:
80:
9000:
7131:from the original on 2014-09-03
6966:from the original on 2017-10-02
6237:from the original on 2021-01-20
6227:"Different styles of Taekwondo"
6096:from the original on 2019-10-02
6038:from the original on 2019-07-01
6013:from the original on 2019-06-05
5984:from the original on 2022-06-20
5884:from the original on 2020-10-25
5854:from the original on 2023-04-03
5771:from the original on 2017-07-09
5732:from the original on 2019-06-20
5631:from the original on 2011-08-15
5420:YMCA Kwon Bop Bu/Chang Moo Kwan
5297:List of Taekwondo practitioners
2684:referee's punitive declaration
1865:International Olympic Committee
405:) (demonstration sport in 1988)
193:needs additional citations for
99:or discuss these issues on the
6881:martialartsweaponstraining.com
6147:Williams, Bob (23 June 2010).
5944:"Taekwon-do: A Broken Family?"
2475:I shall never misuse taekwondo
2451:
2445:
2430:
2424:
2409:
2403:
2388:
2382:
2367:
2361:
2324:
2308:
2302:
2278:
2272:
2181:
2175:
2157:
2151:
2133:
2127:
2109:
2103:
2044:
2038:
2013:
2007:
1972:
1966:
1783:American Taekwondo Association
1621:
1610:
1593:
1543:A focus on mental and ethical
1511:
1494:
1479:
1473:
1434:
1428:
1410:
1398:
1366:
1348:
1342:
1324:
1177:Development of multiple styles
1051:pronunciation of the Japanese
1001:, including karate, judo, and
789:
779:
597:
575:
1:
5832:10.1080/09523367.2016.1233867
5666:A Modern History of Taekwondo
2816:World Taekwondo Championships
2602:Official WT trunk protector (
2566:Sparring in a taekwondo class
1526:workout, including stretching
885:(ITF), originally founded by
69:For the 1994 video game, see
6721:Worldtaekwondofederation.net
6579:"Teuk Gong Moo Sool Germany"
6438:Worldtaekwondofederation.net
5722:"Korea: Korean Martial Arts"
5621:"Brief History of Taekwondo"
5561:Cambridge English Dictionary
5179:Sparring (Kukkiwon/WT-style)
4508:...also Horse-riding Stance
3896:Spear hand (lit. fingertip)
2804:World Taekwondo competitions
2773:Multi-discipline competition
2749:Competitors do not wear the
1794:Songahm Taekwondo Federation
1293:List of Taekwondo techniques
9458:Sports originating in Korea
5980:(in Japanese). 2021-07-23.
5668:. Seoul: Pogyŏng Munhwasa.
4991:
4544:Gyocha lib seogi (or jase)
4494:...also Horse-riding Stance
4368:Dwi dollyeo hulyeogi chagi
2751:
2693:
2667:
2655:
2646:
2636:
2623:
2617:
2604:
2491:
2457:
2436:
2415:
2394:
2373:
2292:
2286:
2221:
2208:
2202:
2196:
2190:
2169:
2163:
2145:
2139:
2121:
2115:
2097:
2091:
2069:
2050:
2021:Ranks, belts, and promotion
1999:
1988:
1982:
1960:
1845:Korea Taekwondo Association
1716:Global Taekwondo Federation
1688:
1682:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1642:
1636:1946: Traditional Taekwondo
1616:
1605:
1599:
1506:
1500:
1485:
1446:
1440:
1416:
1404:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1360:
1354:
1336:
1330:
1287:A jumping reverse hook kick
1205:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1183:Korea Taekwondo Association
1169:
1163:
1150:
1140:
1130:
1117:
1104:
1091:
1078:
1039:
993:
971:
899:Korea Taekwondo Association
876:
871:Korea Taekwondo Association
845:
632:
618:
141:. The specific problem is:
9479:
7211:February 19, 2018, at the
7125:World Taekwondo Federation
6635:The Tenants Of Tae Kwon Do
6262:Encyclopedia of Taekwon-Do
5765:"The History of Taekwondo"
5566:Cambridge University Press
5294:
2845:World Taekwondo Grand Slam
2841:World Taekwondo Grand Prix
2232:
1857:World Taekwondo Federation
1807:
1709:Encyclopedia of Taekwon-Do
1290:
1279:Flying twin foot side kick
1242:World Taekwondo Federation
1226:Encyclopedia of Taekwon-Do
941:
907:), a type of full-contact
823:("strike with hand"), and
358:, initially supervised by
68:
61:
9453:Mixed martial arts styles
9400:
8985:
8609:
8598:
7670:
7659:
7626:
5625:Long Beach Press-Telegram
5344:Tae Kwon Do Life Magazine
4958:
4849:
4552:
4402:
4130:
3671:
3428:
3365:
3343:
3324:
3321:
3289:ITF Female Championships
3288:
3254:
3232:
3213:
3210:
3177:
3160:
3126:
3113:
3100:
3078:
3056:
3046:
2999:
2977:
2924:
2318:(officially romanized as
2219:Those who hold a 7th–9th
2075:
1755:Encyclopedia of Taekwondo
1748:Traditional ITF Taekwondo
1123:
1097:
1084:
1071:
1062:
1060:. The name "Tae Soo Do" (
1056:
915:since 2000. In 2018, the
796:[t̪ʰɛ.k͈wʌ̹n.d̪o]
647:[t̪ʰɛ.k͈wʌ̹n.d̪o]
599:
577:
562:
416:
312:A taekwondo match at the
305:
6960:sandiegouniontribune.com
5972:
4530:Sagolib seogi (or jase)
4503:Gimalip seogi (or jase)
4461:Jeongul seogi (or jase)
4270:...also Roundhouse kick
4226:An-eseo bakk-eulo chagi
3572:Turn around / About face
2353:Five Tenets of Taekwondo
1928:Equipment and facilities
1808:Not to be confused with
1631:Martial arts philosophy.
1578:Styles and organizations
39:latest accepted revision
8728:Former official sports
8156:Northern Praying Mantis
7731:Mainland Southeast Asia
5498:Oxford University Press
4205:...also Front snap kick
4192:...also Front snap kick
3178:ITF Male Championships
2731:The scoring system is:
1873:Olympic-style Taekwondo
1563:, and leadership skills
1469:Self-defense techniques
71:Taekwon-Do (video game)
8567:Professional wrestling
8234:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu
7502:Sib Pal Gi Association
6937:morethanthegames.co.uk
6404:"The Jhoon Rhee Story"
6318:Itf-administration.com
6260:Choi, Hong Hi (1983).
6179:"WT Competition Rules"
5493:OxfordDictionaries.com
5350:Taekwondo student oath
4475:Hugul seogi (or jase)
4447:Junbi seogi (or jase)
4347:...also Spin Back kick
4295:...also Snap Side kick
3622:Guryeong-e majchwoseo
3407:
3398:Taekwondo Korean terms
2793:Amateur Athletic Union
2711:
2611:
2567:
2248:
2033:
1955:
1942:
1840:
1574:, knives, and sticks.
1536:exercises, as well as
1390:in the study of karate
1311:
1288:
1280:
1246:an internet slang term
819:("strike with foot"),
509:Country or region
9463:Summer Olympic sports
9412:Winter Olympic sports
9340:Greco-Roman wrestling
9052:Summer Olympic sports
8663:Demonstration sports
7032:"itf-information.com"
6892:(24 June 2017, p. 38)
6777:"ITF Theory of Power"
6747:"Kukkiwon Philosophy"
6697:on September 11, 2014
6632:"Grand Master, Ph.D."
6384:on September 28, 2014
6203:Kim, Sang H. (2002).
5913:Gillis, Alex (2008).
5291:Notable practitioners
5137:Studio / School / Gym
4927:Student or Color Belt
4489:Gima seogi (or jase)
4244:Stretching front kick
4239:Baggeso aneuro chagi
3707:Attack / Strike / Hit
3405:
2709:
2601:
2565:
2242:
2028:
1948:
1935:
1869:Sport-style Taekwondo
1838:
1309:
1286:
1278:
1082:"to stomp, trample",
999:Japanese martial arts
949:Emergence of various
372:notable practitioners
9351:Discretionary sports
8923:Martial arts at the
8878:Martial arts at the
8808:Martial arts at the
8763:Martial arts at the
8743:Invitational sports
8693:Martial arts at the
8614:Martial arts at the
8536:Pencak Silat Harimau
8374:Pencak Silat Harimau
8306:Submission wrestling
8011:Luta Livre esportiva
7441:Korean swordsmanship
7310:Hapki Kochido Musool
7225:ITF TOURNAMENT RULES
6962:. Associated Press.
6943:on 26 December 2010.
6591:Choi, H. H. (1993):
6562:"Teuk Gong Moo Sool"
6480:. 23 September 2016.
6414:on February 18, 2015
6314:"ITF United Kingdom"
5270:Sam su sig daelyeon
4974:Revised Romanization
4959:Other/Miscellaneous
4865:Revised Romanization
4588:Backing up / retreat
4568:Revised Romanization
4553:Technique Direction
4418:Revised Romanization
4303:Yeop ppeod-eo chagi
4252:Ap ppeod-eo olli gi
4146:Revised Romanization
4025:Hoengjin gong gyeog
3687:Revised Romanization
3444:Revised Romanization
2799:List of competitions
2443:Indomitable spirit (
1654:. In 1959, the name
1136:Revised Romanization
986:Chinese martial arts
864:Chinese martial arts
613:Revised Romanization
392:Chinese martial arts
367:Famous practitioners
314:2020 Summer Olympics
202:improve this article
148:improve this article
137:to meet Knowledge's
64:TKD (disambiguation)
9448:Korean martial arts
9335:Freestyle wrestling
9231:Rhythmic gymnastics
9226:Artistic gymnastics
8604:International games
8286:Full contact karate
8276:Professional boxing
7991:Brazilian jiu-jitsu
7543:Kwan (martial arts)
7479:Hybrid martial arts
7431:Korean fighting fan
7284:Korean martial arts
7156:on 15 February 2019
7013:. October 1, 2017.
6855:. October 1, 2017.
6727:on November 3, 2014
6534:"What Is Han Mu Do"
6464:"Extreme Taekwondo"
6444:on October 31, 2014
6354:on January 23, 2020
5383:original nine Kwans
5330:Martial arts portal
5261:Three step sparring
5256:il su sig daelyeon
4779:Jumping / 2nd level
4616:Reverse (hand/foot)
4535:Cross legged stance
4480:Horse-riding Stance
4085:2 finger spear hand
4071:1 finger spear hand
3558:Rest / Take a break
2785:Other organizations
1711:published in 1983.
962:Japanese occupation
428:governing body
413:
356:original nine Kwans
302:
29:Page version status
8766:Pan American Games
8443:Hokutoryu Ju-Jutsu
8354:Jieitaikakutōjutsu
8291:Mixed martial arts
7246:2015-11-23 at the
6661:"ITF More Culture"
6508:. 12 October 2023.
6183:WorldTaekwondo.org
6159:on 16 October 2010
6118:"Kukkiwon History"
5726:www.koreaorbit.com
5504:on January 9, 2017
5355:Taekwondo in India
5083:Informal thank you
4793:Hopping / Skipping
4774:Bakk-eseo an-eulo
4761:An-eseo bakk-eulo
4602:Sideways/laterally
4386:Reverse round kick
4355:Dwi dollyeo chagi
4213:Ap ppeod-eo chagi
4113:Double hammer fist
3842:Knife hand (edge)
3408:
3300:Adults (18–39 yrs)
3189:Adults (18–39 yrs)
2905:Commonwealth Games
2893:Pan American Games
2712:
2612:
2568:
2249:
2185:; "grandmaster").
2034:
1956:
1943:
1919:Teuk Gong Moo Sool
1877:WT-style Taekwondo
1841:
1731:. Choi defined 24
1680:and Kukkiwon. The
1312:
1302:Typical curriculum
1289:
1281:
1265:Commonwealth Games
809:Korean martial art
59:Korean martial art
35:
9420:
9419:
9408:Paralympic sports
9253:Modern pentathlon
9081:Marathon Swimming
9013:
9012:
8981:
8980:
8977:
8976:
8594:
8593:
8590:
8589:
8557:Martial arts film
7586:
7585:
6874:"Taekwondo Rules"
6637:. ITA Institute.
6630:S. Benko, James.
6607:Kukkiwon Textbook
6605:Kukkiwon (2005).
6478:"About Hupkwondo"
5800:978-1-59439-066-1
5675:978-89-358-0124-4
5475:978-89-358-0124-4
5288:
5287:
5247:One step sparring
5205:...also Sparring
5042:Moment of silence
5028:Pay respect / bow
4954:
4953:
4885:Master instructor
4871:Founder/President
4845:
4844:
4548:
4547:
4398:
4397:
4321:...also hook kick
4277:Ap dollyeo chagi
4126:
4125:
3828:Knife hand (edge)
3667:
3666:
3518:Resume / Continue
3395:
3394:
3284:
3283:
3173:
3172:
3074:
3073:
2973:
2972:
2864:Other tournaments
2518:Newtonian physics
1883:Extreme Taekwondo
1859:(WTF, now called
1787:Songahm Taekwondo
1146:McCune–Reischauer
1023:South Korean Army
904:[kjʌɾuɡi]
661:
660:
627:McCune–Reischauer
558:
557:
460:Full-contact (WT)
409:
408:
343:Country of origin
296:
295:
288:
278:
277:
270:
252:
176:
175:
168:
139:quality standards
130:This article may
114:
47:22 September 2024
16:(Redirected from
9470:
9443:Culture of Korea
9318:Beach volleyball
9059:Mandatory sports
9050:
9040:
9033:
9026:
9017:
9003:
9002:
8993:
8611:
8600:
7672:
7661:
7613:
7606:
7599:
7590:
7277:
7270:
7263:
7254:
7228:
7222:
7216:
7202:
7196:
7195:
7193:
7191:
7172:
7166:
7165:
7163:
7161:
7152:. Archived from
7146:
7140:
7139:
7137:
7136:
7117:
7111:
7110:
7108:
7107:
7098:. Archived from
7096:Aautaekwondo.org
7088:
7082:
7081:
7079:
7077:
7062:
7056:
7053:
7047:
7046:
7044:
7043:
7034:. Archived from
7028:
7022:
7021:
7019:
7008:
7000:
6991:
6984:
6975:
6974:
6972:
6971:
6951:
6945:
6944:
6939:. Archived from
6929:
6923:
6922:
6920:
6919:
6910:. Archived from
6899:
6893:
6891:
6889:
6883:. Archived from
6878:
6870:
6864:
6863:
6861:
6850:
6842:
6827:
6826:
6824:
6823:
6803:
6797:
6796:
6794:
6792:
6773:
6767:
6766:
6764:
6762:
6743:
6737:
6736:
6734:
6732:
6723:. Archived from
6717:"WTF Philosophy"
6713:
6707:
6706:
6704:
6702:
6693:. Archived from
6687:"ITF Philosophy"
6683:
6677:
6676:
6674:
6672:
6657:
6651:
6650:
6648:
6646:
6627:
6621:
6620:
6609:. Seoul: Osung.
6602:
6596:
6589:
6583:
6582:
6575:
6569:
6568:
6566:
6558:
6552:
6551:
6544:
6538:
6537:
6530:
6524:
6523:
6516:
6510:
6509:
6502:
6496:
6495:
6488:
6482:
6481:
6474:
6468:
6467:
6460:
6454:
6453:
6451:
6449:
6440:. Archived from
6430:
6424:
6423:
6421:
6419:
6410:. Archived from
6400:
6394:
6393:
6391:
6389:
6380:. Archived from
6370:
6364:
6363:
6361:
6359:
6350:. Archived from
6348:taekwondoitf.org
6340:
6334:
6333:
6331:
6329:
6310:
6304:
6303:
6301:
6299:
6280:
6274:
6273:
6257:
6246:
6245:
6243:
6242:
6223:
6217:
6216:
6207:. Turtle Press.
6200:
6194:
6193:
6191:
6189:
6175:
6169:
6168:
6166:
6164:
6155:. Archived from
6144:
6138:
6137:
6135:
6133:
6114:
6105:
6104:
6102:
6101:
6082:
6076:
6075:
6073:
6062:
6053:
6047:
6046:
6044:
6043:
6028:
6022:
6021:
6019:
6018:
5999:
5993:
5992:
5990:
5989:
5968:
5962:
5961:
5955:
5948:
5939:
5933:
5932:
5920:
5910:
5893:
5892:
5890:
5889:
5869:
5863:
5862:
5860:
5859:
5811:
5805:
5804:
5786:
5780:
5779:
5777:
5776:
5763:Glen R. Morris.
5760:
5754:
5747:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5737:
5718:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5707:
5698:. 2 April 2018.
5695:The Korea Herald
5686:
5680:
5679:
5661:
5640:
5639:
5637:
5636:
5617:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5603:
5588:
5582:
5581:
5579:
5577:
5552:
5546:
5545:
5543:
5541:
5520:
5514:
5513:
5511:
5509:
5500:. Archived from
5484:
5478:
5467:
5450:
5441:
5435:
5428:
5422:
5408:
5402:
5392:
5386:
5371:
5332:
5327:
5326:
5325:
5318:
5313:
5312:
4994:
4956:
4847:
4740:Other side/Twist
4550:
4400:
4131:Foot Techniques
4128:
4099:Double back fist
3796:Momtong jireugi
3672:Hand Techniques
3669:
3636:Guryeong eobs-i
3426:
3310:Veterans over 50
3305:Veterans over 40
3286:
3199:Veterans over 50
3194:Veterans over 40
3175:
3076:
2975:
2922:
2917:weight divisions
2911:Weight divisions
2857:Paralympic Games
2754:
2696:
2671:scores 4 points.
2670:
2659:scores 2 points.
2658:
2649:
2639:
2626:
2620:
2609:
2494:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2447:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2426:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2405:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2384:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2363:
2327:
2326:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2304:
2295:
2289:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2274:
2229:Forms (patterns)
2224:
2218:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2094:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2040:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1993:
1985:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1821:Washington, D.C.
1691:
1685:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1645:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1475:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1430:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1389:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1235:established the
1208:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1172:
1166:
1153:
1143:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1120:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1094:
1089:
1088:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1042:
996:
974:
906:
879:
850:
806:
805:
804:
798:
792:
791:
782:
781:
772:
771:
768:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
735:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
702:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
657:
656:
655:
649:
635:
621:
606:
605:
604:
603:
584:
583:
582:
581:
560:
421:
414:
310:
303:
291:
284:
273:
266:
262:
259:
253:
251:
210:
186:
178:
171:
164:
160:
157:
151:
125:
124:
117:
106:
84:
83:
76:
21:
9478:
9477:
9473:
9472:
9471:
9469:
9468:
9467:
9423:
9422:
9421:
9416:
9396:
9346:
9162:Mountain biking
9054:
9044:
9014:
9009:
8973:
8924:
8918:
8879:
8873:
8809:
8803:
8764:
8758:
8694:
8688:
8617:Summer Olympics
8615:
8605:
8586:
8540:
8472:
8410:
8324:
8315:
8266:
8257:
8215:
8211:Yoshukai Karate
8171:Shaolin kung fu
8087:
7972:
7948:Practice weapon
7924:
7867:
7757:
7750:
7676:Regional origin
7666:
7655:
7622:
7617:
7587:
7582:
7516:
7473:
7455:
7412:
7340:Strike (attack)
7334:
7320:Sin Moo Hapkido
7286:
7281:
7248:Wayback Machine
7237:
7232:
7231:
7223:
7219:
7213:Wayback Machine
7203:
7199:
7189:
7187:
7174:
7173:
7169:
7159:
7157:
7148:
7147:
7143:
7134:
7132:
7119:
7118:
7114:
7105:
7103:
7090:
7089:
7085:
7075:
7073:
7064:
7063:
7059:
7054:
7050:
7041:
7039:
7030:
7029:
7025:
7017:
7011:World Taekwondo
7006:
7002:
7001:
6994:
6985:
6978:
6969:
6967:
6953:
6952:
6948:
6931:
6930:
6926:
6917:
6915:
6901:
6900:
6896:
6887:
6876:
6872:
6871:
6867:
6859:
6853:World Taekwondo
6848:
6844:
6843:
6830:
6821:
6819:
6808:"Kyorugi rules"
6805:
6804:
6800:
6790:
6788:
6775:
6774:
6770:
6760:
6758:
6745:
6744:
6740:
6730:
6728:
6715:
6714:
6710:
6700:
6698:
6685:
6684:
6680:
6670:
6668:
6659:
6658:
6654:
6644:
6642:
6629:
6628:
6624:
6617:
6604:
6603:
6599:
6590:
6586:
6577:
6576:
6572:
6564:
6560:
6559:
6555:
6546:
6545:
6541:
6532:
6531:
6527:
6518:
6517:
6513:
6504:
6503:
6499:
6490:
6489:
6485:
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6466:. 30 June 2017.
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5372:
5368:
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5328:
5323:
5321:
5314:
5307:
5304:
5299:
5293:
5233:Ground Sparring
5014:Salute the flag
4316:Hulyeogi chagi
4257:Roundhouse kick
4179:Front snap kick
4152:Foot Techniques
4057:One finger fist
3869:Thrust / spear
3693:Hand Techniques
3545:Relax / At ease
3532:Return to ready
3429:Basic Commands
3412:Korean numerals
3400:
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3306:
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2787:
2775:
2704:
2596:
2594:World Taekwondo
2560:
2535:roundhouse kick
2510:Theory of Power
2505:
2503:Theory of power
2345:
2237:
2231:
2213:
2023:
1930:
1921:
1912:
1903:
1894:
1885:
1861:World Taekwondo
1833:
1813:
1810:Rhee Taekwon-Do
1806:
1775:
1698:
1678:World Taekwondo
1638:
1580:
1561:self-confidence
1304:
1295:
1273:
1179:
1110:way, discipline
1015:
968:schools called
954:
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940:
932:World Taekwondo
895:World Taekwondo
801:
800:
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607:
585:
451:Characteristics
433:World Taekwondo
403:World Taekwondo
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9283:Sport climbing
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8672:Pistol dueling
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8501:Huiyen Lallong
8498:
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8458:Shorinji Kempo
8455:
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8428:American Kenpo
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8161:Russian boxing
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7908:Ranged weapons
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7898:
7896:Stick-fighting
7893:
7891:Knife fighting
7883:
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7665:Classification
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7631:List of styles
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7548:Muyedobotongji
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7300:GongKwon Yusul
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7251:
7250:
7236:
7235:External links
7233:
7230:
7229:
7227:, pages 21–22.
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6890:on 2017-08-03.
6865:
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6751:Kukkiwon.or.kr
6738:
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6622:
6616:978-8973367504
6615:
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6550:. 26 May 2023.
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6122:Kukkiwon.or.kr
6106:
6092:. 2017-06-24.
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5826:(9): 978–989.
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5338:Para Taekwondo
5334:
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5316:Society portal
5303:
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5295:Main article:
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5275:Board Breaking
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5228:Jayu daelyeon
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5097:
5096:You're welcome
5093:
5092:
5091:Gomabseubnida
5089:
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5078:Gamsa habnida
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4766:Outside inside
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4753:Inside-outside
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4575:
4574:Moving forward
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4382:
4381:Mu reup chagi
4379:
4377:
4374:
4370:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4360:Spin hook kick
4357:
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4265:Dollyeo chagi
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4108:Jang gab gwon
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4080:il ji gwan su
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4043:Mountain block
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3855:Thrust / spear
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3603:
3600:
3596:
3595:
3592:
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3586:
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3581:
3578:
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3474:
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3470:
3467:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3430:
3399:
3396:
3393:
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3386:
3383:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3346:
3345:
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3335:
3334:
3331:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3243:
3242:
3239:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3206:
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3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3102:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3081:Championships
3072:
3071:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3061:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2980:Championships
2971:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2947:
2946:
2943:
2939:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2915:The following
2912:
2909:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2883:European Games
2880:
2875:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2854:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2827:
2824:
2818:
2813:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2786:
2783:
2774:
2771:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2703:
2700:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2672:
2663:
2660:
2651:
2595:
2592:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2504:
2501:
2483:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2463:
2462:
2458:baekjeolbulgul
2441:
2422:Self-control (
2420:
2401:Perseverance (
2399:
2378:
2344:
2341:
2330:
2329:
2313:
2283:
2233:Main article:
2230:
2227:
2022:
2019:
1929:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1911:
1908:
1902:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1832:
1829:
1805:
1802:
1796:(STF) and the
1774:
1771:
1759:
1758:
1751:
1737:Korean history
1697:
1694:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1579:
1576:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1541:
1527:
1516:
1490:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1457:
1454:
1421:
1391:
1303:
1300:
1272:
1269:
1178:
1175:
1014:
1011:
953:
947:
939:
936:
911:, has been an
659:
658:
643:
637:
636:
629:
623:
622:
615:
609:
608:
595:
593:
587:
586:
573:
571:
565:
564:
556:
555:
546:
540:
539:
533:
527:
526:
520:
514:
513:
510:
506:
505:
501:
500:
491:
487:
486:
481:
477:
476:
473:
467:
466:
457:
453:
452:
448:
447:
441:
437:
436:
430:
423:
422:
407:
406:
399:
395:
394:
380:
376:
375:
368:
364:
363:
352:
348:
347:
344:
340:
339:
330:
326:
325:
322:
318:
317:
311:
294:
293:
276:
275:
190:
188:
181:
174:
173:
129:
127:
120:
115:
89:
88:
86:
79:
58:
56:
36:
30:
27:
25:
24:
23:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9475:
9464:
9461:
9459:
9456:
9454:
9451:
9449:
9446:
9444:
9441:
9439:
9436:
9434:
9431:
9430:
9428:
9413:
9409:
9406:
9403:
9402:
9399:
9393:
9390:
9388:
9385:
9383:
9380:
9378:
9377:Flag football
9375:
9373:
9370:
9368:
9364:
9361:
9359:
9356:
9355:
9353:
9349:
9341:
9338:
9336:
9333:
9332:
9331:
9328:
9326:
9325:Weightlifting
9323:
9319:
9316:
9315:
9314:
9311:
9309:
9306:
9304:
9301:
9299:
9296:
9294:
9291:
9289:
9286:
9284:
9281:
9279:
9278:Skateboarding
9276:
9274:
9271:
9269:
9266:
9264:
9261:
9259:
9256:
9254:
9251:
9249:
9246:
9244:
9241:
9237:
9234:
9232:
9229:
9227:
9224:
9223:
9222:
9219:
9217:
9214:
9212:
9209:
9207:
9204:
9202:
9199:
9195:
9192:
9190:
9187:
9185:
9182:
9181:
9180:
9177:
9173:
9172:Track cycling
9170:
9168:
9165:
9163:
9160:
9158:
9157:Freestyle BMX
9155:
9153:
9150:
9149:
9148:
9145:
9141:
9138:
9136:
9133:
9132:
9131:
9128:
9126:
9123:
9119:
9116:
9115:
9114:
9111:
9109:
9106:
9104:
9101:
9099:
9096:
9092:
9089:
9087:
9084:
9082:
9079:
9077:
9074:
9072:
9069:
9068:
9067:
9064:
9063:
9061:
9057:
9053:
9049:
9041:
9036:
9034:
9029:
9027:
9022:
9021:
9018:
9006:
8998:
8996:
8992:
8988:
8987:
8984:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8947:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8937:
8935:
8932:
8931:
8929:
8927:
8921:
8915:
8912:
8910:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8887:
8886:
8884:
8882:
8881:African Games
8876:
8868:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8858:
8855:
8854:
8852:
8850:
8847:
8845:
8842:
8840:
8837:
8835:
8832:
8830:
8827:
8825:
8822:
8820:
8817:
8816:
8814:
8812:
8806:
8800:
8797:
8795:
8792:
8790:
8787:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8772:
8771:
8769:
8767:
8761:
8753:
8750:
8748:
8745:
8744:
8742:
8738:
8735:
8733:
8730:
8729:
8727:
8725:
8722:
8720:
8717:
8715:
8712:
8710:
8707:
8705:
8702:
8701:
8699:
8697:
8691:
8683:
8680:
8678:
8675:
8673:
8670:
8668:
8665:
8664:
8662:
8659:
8655:
8651:
8648:
8646:
8643:
8641:
8638:
8636:
8633:
8631:
8628:
8626:
8623:
8622:
8620:
8618:
8612:
8608:
8601:
8597:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8575:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8562:
8558:
8555:
8553:
8552:Fighting game
8550:
8549:
8547:
8545:Entertainment
8543:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8517:
8516:Krabi–krabong
8514:
8512:
8511:Kalaripayattu
8509:
8507:
8504:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8494:
8492:
8489:
8487:
8484:
8483:
8481:
8479:
8475:
8469:
8466:
8464:
8461:
8459:
8456:
8454:
8451:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8429:
8426:
8425:
8423:
8421:
8417:
8413:
8407:
8404:
8402:
8399:
8397:
8394:
8392:
8389:
8387:
8384:
8382:
8379:
8375:
8372:
8371:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8342:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8331:
8329:
8327:
8322:
8318:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8301:Shootfighting
8299:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8284:
8282:
8279:
8277:
8274:
8273:
8271:
8269:
8268:combat sports
8264:
8260:
8254:
8253:
8249:
8247:
8244:
8242:
8241:
8237:
8235:
8232:
8230:
8227:
8226:
8224:
8222:
8218:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8199:
8197:
8196:Tien Shan Pai
8194:
8192:
8189:
8187:
8184:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8152:
8149:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8121:Choi Kwang-Do
8119:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8104:
8102:
8099:
8098:
8096:
8094:
8090:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8043:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8004:
8001:
7997:
7994:
7992:
7989:
7987:
7984:
7983:
7981:
7979:
7975:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7958:Pushing hands
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7935:
7933:
7931:
7927:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7910:
7909:
7906:
7902:
7901:Swordsmanship
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7888:
7887:
7886:Melee weapons
7884:
7882:
7879:
7878:
7876:
7874:
7870:
7864:
7861:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7833:
7832:
7829:
7825:
7822:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7805:
7802:
7801:
7799:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7772:
7770:
7767:
7766:
7764:
7763:
7761:
7759:
7753:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7720:
7717:
7716:
7715:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7681:
7679:
7677:
7673:
7669:
7662:
7658:
7652:
7651:Hard and soft
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7628:
7625:
7621:
7614:
7609:
7607:
7602:
7600:
7595:
7594:
7591:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7525:
7523:
7519:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7484:
7482:
7480:
7476:
7470:
7467:
7466:
7464:
7462:
7461:Ranged weapon
7458:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7423:
7421:
7419:
7415:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7348:Choi Kwang-Do
7346:
7345:
7343:
7341:
7337:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7297:
7295:
7293:
7289:
7285:
7278:
7273:
7271:
7266:
7264:
7259:
7258:
7255:
7249:
7245:
7242:
7239:
7238:
7234:
7226:
7221:
7218:
7214:
7210:
7206:
7201:
7198:
7185:
7181:
7177:
7171:
7168:
7155:
7151:
7150:"information"
7145:
7142:
7130:
7126:
7122:
7116:
7113:
7102:on 2015-06-19
7101:
7097:
7093:
7087:
7084:
7071:
7067:
7061:
7058:
7052:
7049:
7038:on 2012-06-13
7037:
7033:
7027:
7024:
7016:
7012:
7005:
6999:
6997:
6993:
6989:
6983:
6981:
6977:
6965:
6961:
6957:
6954:MARIA CHENG.
6950:
6947:
6942:
6938:
6934:
6928:
6925:
6914:on 2013-12-02
6913:
6909:
6905:
6898:
6895:
6886:
6882:
6875:
6869:
6866:
6858:
6854:
6847:
6841:
6839:
6837:
6835:
6833:
6829:
6818:on 2007-07-02
6817:
6813:
6809:
6802:
6799:
6791:September 11,
6786:
6782:
6778:
6772:
6769:
6761:September 11,
6756:
6752:
6748:
6742:
6739:
6731:September 11,
6726:
6722:
6718:
6712:
6709:
6701:September 11,
6696:
6692:
6688:
6682:
6679:
6671:September 11,
6666:
6662:
6656:
6653:
6640:
6636:
6633:
6626:
6623:
6618:
6612:
6608:
6601:
6598:
6594:
6588:
6585:
6580:
6574:
6571:
6563:
6557:
6554:
6549:
6543:
6540:
6535:
6529:
6526:
6521:
6515:
6512:
6507:
6501:
6498:
6493:
6487:
6484:
6479:
6473:
6470:
6465:
6459:
6456:
6443:
6439:
6435:
6434:"WTF History"
6429:
6426:
6413:
6409:
6408:Jhoonrhee.com
6405:
6399:
6396:
6383:
6379:
6378:Ataon;ine.com
6375:
6374:"ATA History"
6369:
6366:
6353:
6349:
6345:
6339:
6336:
6328:September 16,
6323:
6319:
6315:
6309:
6306:
6293:
6289:
6285:
6284:"ITF Austria"
6279:
6276:
6271:
6267:
6263:
6256:
6254:
6252:
6248:
6236:
6232:
6228:
6222:
6219:
6214:
6210:
6206:
6199:
6196:
6184:
6180:
6174:
6171:
6158:
6154:
6153:The Telegraph
6150:
6143:
6140:
6127:
6123:
6119:
6113:
6111:
6107:
6095:
6091:
6087:
6081:
6078:
6070:
6066:
6059:
6052:
6049:
6037:
6033:
6027:
6024:
6012:
6008:
6004:
5998:
5995:
5983:
5979:
5975:
5967:
5964:
5960:
5952:
5945:
5938:
5935:
5930:
5924:
5921:. ECW Press.
5919:
5918:
5909:
5907:
5905:
5903:
5901:
5899:
5895:
5883:
5879:
5878:ao.81.2.10moe
5875:
5872:Moenig, Udo.
5868:
5865:
5853:
5849:
5845:
5841:
5837:
5833:
5829:
5825:
5821:
5817:
5810:
5807:
5802:
5796:
5792:
5785:
5782:
5770:
5766:
5759:
5756:
5752:
5746:
5743:
5731:
5727:
5723:
5717:
5714:
5701:
5697:
5696:
5691:
5685:
5682:
5677:
5671:
5667:
5660:
5658:
5656:
5654:
5652:
5650:
5648:
5646:
5642:
5630:
5626:
5622:
5616:
5614:
5610:
5597:
5593:
5587:
5584:
5571:
5567:
5563:
5562:
5557:
5556:"tae kwon do"
5551:
5548:
5535:
5531:
5530:
5525:
5524:"tae kwon do"
5519:
5516:
5503:
5499:
5495:
5494:
5489:
5488:"tae kwon do"
5483:
5480:
5476:
5472:
5466:
5463:
5456:
5449:
5448:Chung Do Kwan
5445:
5440:
5437:
5433:
5427:
5424:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5407:
5404:
5401:
5397:
5396:Chung Do Kwan
5391:
5388:
5384:
5380:
5376:
5370:
5367:
5360:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5345:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5331:
5320:
5317:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5298:
5290:
5283:
5280:
5277:
5274:
5273:
5269:
5266:
5263:
5260:
5259:
5255:
5252:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5242:Jwa daelyeon
5241:
5238:
5235:
5232:
5231:
5227:
5224:
5221:
5219:Free sparring
5218:
5217:
5213:
5210:
5207:
5204:
5203:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5178:
5177:
5173:
5170:
5167:
5164:
5163:
5159:
5156:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5145:
5142:
5139:
5136:
5135:
5131:
5128:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5117:
5114:
5111:
5108:
5107:
5104:Cheonman-eyo
5103:
5101:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5077:
5074:
5071:
5068:
5067:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5055:
5054:
5050:
5047:
5044:
5041:
5040:
5036:
5033:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5023:Guggi baerye
5022:
5019:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5008:
5005:
5002:
4999:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4985:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4975:
4972:
4969:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4957:
4949:
4946:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4935:
4932:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4921:
4918:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4907:
4904:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4893:
4890:
4887:
4884:
4883:
4880:Gwanjang nim
4879:
4876:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4866:
4863:
4860:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4848:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4827:
4824:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4805:
4804:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4787:
4784:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4708:
4705:
4702:
4699:
4698:
4694:
4691:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4680:
4677:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4666:
4663:
4660:
4657:
4656:
4652:
4649:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4638:
4635:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4624:
4621:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4610:
4607:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4596:
4593:
4590:
4587:
4586:
4582:
4579:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4569:
4566:
4563:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4551:
4543:
4540:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4529:
4526:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4516:Juchum seogi
4515:
4513:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4502:
4499:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4488:
4485:
4482:
4479:
4478:
4474:
4471:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4446:
4443:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4432:
4429:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4419:
4416:
4414:Hanja (한자/漢字)
4413:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4372:
4371:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4329:Huryeo chagi
4328:
4326:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4293:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4200:Ap chaneohgi
4199:
4197:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4147:
4144:
4141:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4129:
4122:Jang gwon do
4121:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4094:i ji gwan su
4093:
4090:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4079:
4076:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4048:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4038:Yeop jileugi
4037:
4035:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4024:
4021:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4011:Sonmog deung
4010:
4008:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3971:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3863:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:Middle Punch
3787:
3786:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3752:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3670:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3627:Without count
3626:
3625:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:Finish / Stop
3490:
3489:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3413:
3404:
3397:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3292:
3287:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3181:
3176:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3097:
3096:
3084:
3077:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3009:
3008:
3004:
3003:
2996:
2995:
2983:
2976:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2928:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2888:Pacific Games
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2873:African Games
2871:
2870:
2869:
2863:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2852:Olympic Games
2850:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2803:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2744:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2708:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2689:
2685:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2652:
2648:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2619:
2608:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2564:
2557:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2493:
2486:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2459:
2442:
2438:
2421:
2417:
2400:
2396:
2379:
2375:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2299:
2294:
2288:
2284:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2171:
2165:
2147:
2141:
2123:
2117:
2099:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2080:
2073:
2071:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2032:
2027:
2020:
2018:
2003:
2002:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1962:
1954:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1934:
1927:
1925:
1918:
1916:
1909:
1907:
1900:
1898:
1891:
1889:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1837:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1811:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1779:Haeng Ung Lee
1772:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1756:
1752:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1719:
1717:
1714:In 1990, the
1712:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1635:
1630:
1627:
1618:
1607:
1601:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1508:
1502:
1491:
1487:
1470:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1442:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1406:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1380:
1374:
1362:
1356:
1338:
1332:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1308:
1301:
1299:
1294:
1285:
1277:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1257:Olympic Games
1254:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1184:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1126:
1119:
1113:
1111:
1106:
1100:
1093:
1087:
1080:
1074:
1069:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1004:
1000:
995:
989:
987:
983:
979:
975:
973:
967:
963:
959:
952:
948:
945:
937:
935:
933:
929:
925:
920:
918:
914:
913:Olympic event
910:
905:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
878:
872:
867:
865:
861:
857:
852:
849:
848:
840:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
803:
797:
786:
776:
770:
665:
654:
648:
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
628:
624:
620:
616:
614:
610:
602:
594:
592:
588:
580:
572:
570:
566:
561:
554:
550:
547:
545:
541:
538:
534:
532:
528:
525:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
502:
499:
495:
492:
488:
485:
482:
478:
474:
472:
468:
465:
461:
458:
454:
449:
445:
442:
438:
435:(South Korea)
434:
431:
429:
424:
420:
415:
404:
400:
398:Olympic sport
396:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
338:
334:
331:
327:
323:
321:Also known as
319:
315:
309:
304:
298:
290:
287:
272:
269:
261:
250:
247:
243:
240:
236:
233:
229:
226:
222:
219: –
218:
214:
213:Find sources:
207:
203:
197:
196:
191:This article
189:
185:
180:
179:
170:
167:
159:
149:
144:
140:
136:
135:
128:
119:
118:
113:
111:
104:
103:
98:
97:
92:
87:
78:
77:
72:
65:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
9404:
9297:
9293:Table tennis
9263:Rugby sevens
9236:Trampolining
9206:Field hockey
9194:Show jumping
9167:Road cycling
9140:Canoe sprint
9135:Canoe slalom
8963:
8908:
8862:Pencak silat
8838:
8793:
8736:
8572:Stage combat
8526:Mardani khel
8448:Jeet Kune Do
8406:Silat Melayu
8369:Pencak silat
8321:Self-defense
8263:Full contact
8250:
8238:
8185:
8176:Shoot boxing
8116:Chess boxing
8016:Malla-yuddha
7953:Punching bag
7943:Boxing glove
7800:Leg strikes
7779:Elbow strike
7765:Arm strikes
7620:Martial arts
7568:Song Deok-gi
7497:Kyeok Sul Do
7492:Kuk Sool Won
7436:Korean sword
7418:Melee weapon
7392:
7368:Moo Duk Kwan
7220:
7200:
7188:. Retrieved
7179:
7170:
7158:. Retrieved
7154:the original
7144:
7133:. Retrieved
7124:
7115:
7104:. Retrieved
7100:the original
7095:
7086:
7074:. Retrieved
7060:
7051:
7040:. Retrieved
7036:the original
7026:
7010:
6968:. Retrieved
6959:
6949:
6941:the original
6936:
6927:
6916:. Retrieved
6912:the original
6907:
6897:
6885:the original
6880:
6868:
6852:
6820:. Retrieved
6816:the original
6811:
6801:
6789:. Retrieved
6780:
6771:
6759:. Retrieved
6750:
6741:
6729:. Retrieved
6725:the original
6720:
6711:
6699:. Retrieved
6695:the original
6690:
6681:
6669:. Retrieved
6655:
6643:. Retrieved
6634:
6625:
6606:
6600:
6592:
6587:
6573:
6556:
6542:
6528:
6520:"Han Moo Do"
6514:
6500:
6486:
6472:
6458:
6448:September 7,
6446:. Retrieved
6442:the original
6437:
6428:
6418:September 7,
6416:. Retrieved
6412:the original
6407:
6398:
6388:September 7,
6386:. Retrieved
6382:the original
6377:
6368:
6356:. Retrieved
6352:the original
6347:
6338:
6326:. Retrieved
6317:
6308:
6296:. Retrieved
6287:
6278:
6261:
6239:. Retrieved
6230:
6221:
6204:
6198:
6188:September 7,
6186:. Retrieved
6182:
6173:
6161:. Retrieved
6157:the original
6152:
6142:
6132:September 7,
6130:. Retrieved
6121:
6098:. Retrieved
6089:
6080:
6064:
6051:
6040:. Retrieved
6026:
6015:. Retrieved
6006:
5997:
5986:. Retrieved
5977:
5966:
5957:
5937:
5916:
5886:. Retrieved
5877:
5867:
5856:. Retrieved
5823:
5819:
5809:
5790:
5784:
5773:. Retrieved
5758:
5750:
5745:
5734:. Retrieved
5725:
5716:
5704:. Retrieved
5693:
5684:
5665:
5633:. Retrieved
5624:
5600:. Retrieved
5586:
5574:. Retrieved
5559:
5550:
5538:. Retrieved
5527:
5518:
5506:. Retrieved
5502:the original
5491:
5482:
5465:
5439:
5431:
5426:
5406:
5400:Moo Duk Kwan
5390:
5369:
5342:
5165:Self Defense
5000:Country Flag
4941:Master level
4841:Gat-eun bal
4452:Front Stance
4438:Ready stance
3931:Sonnaldeung
3823:Deungjumeog
3774:Middle punch
3613:By the count
3599:Look / Focus
3420:
3416:
3409:
3391:+75 kg
3377:−75 kg
3366:−75 kg
3352:−63 kg
3344:−61 kg
3333:−51 kg
3325:−60 kg
3280:+80 kg
3266:−90 kg
3255:−80 kg
3241:−71 kg
3233:−73 kg
3222:−57 kg
3214:−66 kg
3169:+73 kg
3164:−73 kg
3156:−67 kg
3148:−62 kg
3140:−57 kg
3132:−55 kg
3127:−53 kg
3119:−49 kg
3114:−49 kg
3106:−44 kg
3101:−46 kg
3070:+87 kg
3065:−87 kg
3060:−80 kg
3052:−78 kg
3047:−74 kg
3039:−68 kg
3031:−63 kg
3023:−58 kg
3015:−55 kg
3010:−51 kg
3005:−48 kg
3000:−54 kg
2969:+67 kg
2961:−67 kg
2953:−57 kg
2945:−49 kg
2914:
2902:
2867:
2823:(since 2009)
2807:
2788:
2776:
2764:
2761:
2757:
2748:
2713:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2633:
2629:
2613:
2588:
2583:
2569:
2558:Competitions
2527:
2523:
2514:biomechanics
2509:
2506:
2487:
2484:
2464:
2346:
2338:
2331:
2319:
2315:
2297:
2296:or formerly
2267:
2261:
2252:
2250:
2214:
2187:
2084:
2081:
2059:
2055:
2035:
1996:
1978:
1957:
1950:
1937:
1922:
1913:
1904:
1895:
1886:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1843:In 1972 the
1842:
1825:Choi Hong-hi
1814:
1791:
1786:
1776:
1766:
1762:
1760:
1754:
1747:
1741:
1732:
1728:
1722:
1720:
1713:
1708:
1705:Choi Hong-hi
1699:
1655:
1639:
1581:
1569:
1313:
1296:
1261:Pan Am Games
1250:
1230:
1225:
1218:North Korean
1215:
1180:
1121:"hand" with
1114:
1027:Choi Hong-hi
1019:Syngman Rhee
1016:
1007:
990:
966:martial arts
958:World War II
955:
950:
921:
917:South Korean
901:. Gyeorugi (
887:Choi Hong-hi
868:
856:combat sport
853:
841:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
813:combat sport
663:
662:
484:Combat sport
440:First played
401:Since 2000 (
360:Choi Hong-hi
297:
282:
264:
255:
245:
238:
231:
224:
212:
200:Please help
195:verification
192:
162:
153:
146:Please help
142:
131:
107:
100:
94:
93:Please help
90:
46:
37:This is the
31:
8811:Asian Games
8696:World Games
8658:Greco-Roman
8478:Battlefield
8438:Chun Kuk Do
8381:Suffrajitsu
8191:Tang Soo Do
8066:Greco-Roman
7819:Knee strike
7736:Philippines
7487:Hwa Rang Do
7408:Yun Mu Kwan
7403:Tang Soo Do
7378:Soo Bahk Do
7358:Kong Soo Do
7315:Hapki yusul
7190:18 February
7160:18 February
7076:18 February
6908:The Gazette
6691:Tkd.otf.org
6548:"Han Mu Do"
6492:"Questions"
6358:January 25,
6344:"ITF Spain"
6298:January 25,
6288:itf-tkd.org
6163:21 November
6056:Lo, David.
5942:Lo, David.
5602:18 February
5444:Tang Soo Do
5412:Yun Mu Kwan
4894:Sabeom nim
4806:Double kick
4722:Oleun jjog
4709:Choe hadan
4521:Side Stance
4466:Back Stance
4411:Hangul (한글)
4373:Knee strike
4363:뒤 돌려 후려기 차기
4290:Yeop chagi
4066:il ji gwon
4030:Side punch
3950:Pliers hand
3936:Hammer fist
3918:Yeog su do
3716:Gong-gyeog
3649:Bal bakkwo
3641:Switch feet
3388:+75 kg
3385:+75 kg
3382:+70 kg
3374:−75 kg
3371:−70 kg
3363:−68 kg
3360:−69 kg
3357:−64 kg
3349:−58 kg
3341:−57 kg
3338:−52 kg
3330:−46 kg
3322:−54 kg
3319:−45 kg
3316:−40 kg
3277:+90 kg
3274:+85 kg
3271:+75 kg
3263:−85 kg
3260:−75 kg
3252:−80 kg
3249:−78 kg
3246:−69 kg
3238:−63 kg
3230:−64 kg
3227:−57 kg
3219:−51 kg
3211:−64 kg
3208:−50 kg
3205:−45 kg
3161:+68 kg
3153:−68 kg
3145:−63 kg
3137:−59 kg
3124:−52 kg
3111:−46 kg
3098:−42 kg
3057:+78 kg
3044:−73 kg
3036:−68 kg
3028:−63 kg
3020:−59 kg
2997:−45 kg
2966:+80 kg
2958:−80 kg
2950:−68 kg
2942:−58 kg
2898:Universiade
2878:Asian Games
2497:sam taegeuk
2380:Integrity (
2290:(sometimes
2266:(sometimes
2257:in karate.
2167:are called
2143:are called
2119:are called
2095:are called
1936:A WT-style
1892:Hup Kwon Do
1652:Soo Bahk Do
1648:Tang Soo Do
1507:tteoreojigi
1095:"hand" and
1045:Tang Soo Do
928:Paralympics
787::
777::
544:World Games
346:South Korea
217:"Taekwondo"
156:August 2023
150:if you can.
18:Tae Kwon-Do
9427:Categories
9313:Volleyball
9221:Gymnastics
9179:Equestrian
9152:BMX racing
9113:Basketball
9091:Water polo
8853:2018 Only
8714:Kickboxing
8468:Qwan Ki Do
8396:To-Shin Do
8326:combatives
8296:Pankration
8281:Kickboxing
8252:Xingyiquan
8240:Baguazhang
8206:Wudangquan
8136:Kickboxing
8031:Shuai jiao
7841:Joint lock
7758:techniques
7563:Sesok-ogye
7398:Tae Soo Do
7135:2016-04-30
7106:2015-06-13
7042:2012-01-26
6970:2017-10-02
6918:2013-05-06
6822:2007-08-11
6506:"Hanmoodo"
6270:B008UAO292
6241:2020-05-14
6213:B001GIOGL4
6100:2017-10-02
6042:2019-06-15
6017:2019-06-05
5988:2021-09-22
5888:2020-05-05
5858:2020-03-21
5775:2008-06-29
5736:2019-07-05
5635:2008-07-03
5457:References
5037:Gyeongnye
4913:Black Belt
4908:Gyosa nim
4819:Combo kick
4801:Ttwim-eul
4714:Right side
4686:Both hands
4672:Two handed
4541:交(叉/差)立 姿勢
4394:Bit chagi
4342:Dwi chagi
4234:밖에서 안으로 차기
4221:안에서 밖으로 차기
4052:San maggi
4016:Side punch
3985:Batangson
3977:Palm heel
3972:Jang gwan
3958:Jibge son
3909:Ridge hand
3882:Spear hand
3815:Back fist
3783:Jung gwon
3580:Dwirodora
3513:Gyeonglye
2359:Courtesy (
2343:Philosophy
2217:, Kukkiwon
2064:black belt
1901:Han Moo Do
1888:Capoeira.
1817:Jhoon Rhee
1545:discipline
1534:meditation
1530:Relaxation
1291:See also:
1031:Nam Tae-hi
976:opened in
942:See also:
835:(겨루기) and
633:t'aekwŏndo
531:Paralympic
379:Parenthood
228:newspapers
96:improve it
9433:Taekwondo
9405:See also:
9330:Wrestling
9308:Triathlon
9298:Taekwondo
9108:Badminton
9103:Athletics
8969:Wrestling
8964:Taekwondo
8914:Wrestling
8909:Taekwondo
8844:Wrestling
8839:Taekwondo
8799:Wrestling
8794:Taekwondo
8737:Taekwondo
8719:Muay Thai
8654:freestyle
8650:Wrestling
8645:Taekwondo
8521:Krav Maga
8433:Angampora
8401:Wing Chun
8359:Krav Maga
8349:Kajukenbo
8311:Vale Tudo
8186:Taekwondo
8151:Muay Thai
8141:Kun Khmer
8071:Mongolian
8061:freestyle
8041:Wrestling
8000:Para judo
7978:Grappling
7831:Grappling
7769:Chokehold
7699:Indonesia
7558:Muyesinbo
7393:Taekwondo
7363:Kyokushin
7292:Grappling
7215:, page 3.
6781:Tkd.co.uk
6090:BBC Sport
5848:151514066
5840:0952-3367
5706:15 August
5576:8 January
5540:8 January
5508:8 January
5432:taekwondo
5284:Gyeog pa
5214:Daelyeon
5200:Matseogi
5187:Gyeorugi
5174:Hosinsul
5069:Thank you
5056:Sit down!
5051:Mugnyeom
4833:Same foot
4735:Oen jjog
4727:Left side
4611:Hoengjin
4334:Back kick
4308:Hook kick
4282:Side kick
4247:앞 뻗어 올리 기
4187:Ap chagi
4003:Gooseneck
3963:Palm heel
3945:Gweon do
3904:Sonkkeut
3877:Jjileugi
3810:Gab gwon
3801:Back fist
3747:Punch/hit
3654:Dismissed
3458:Charyeot
3450:Attention
3079:WT Female
2925:Olympics
2247:, Finland
2209:sabum-nim
2197:kyosa-nim
1910:Han Mu Do
1777:In 1969,
1733:Chang Hon
1729:Chang Hon
1656:taekwondo
1549:etiquette
1538:breathing
1520:anaerobic
1025:officers
664:Taekwondo
619:taegwondo
563:Taekwondo
512:Worldwide
490:Equipment
471:Mixed-sex
301:Taekwondo
258:July 2023
102:talk page
9387:Lacrosse
9367:Softball
9363:Baseball
9358:Breaking
9273:Shooting
9243:Handball
9211:Football
9189:Eventing
9184:Dressage
9130:Canoeing
9086:Swimming
9071:Artistic
9066:Aquatics
8954:Muaythai
8704:Ju-jitsu
8577:Tricking
8561:Chanbara
8463:Unifight
8416:Eclectic
8391:Taekkyon
8339:Bartitsu
8221:Internal
8111:Capoeira
8093:Striking
8021:Pehlwani
7968:Sparring
7930:Training
7918:Shooting
7863:Stand-up
7851:Takedown
7804:Footwork
7794:Headbutt
7756:Unarmed
7641:Timeline
7578:Wae Gong
7573:Ssaurabi
7553:Muyejebo
7451:Simgumdo
7426:Hankumdo
7388:Taekkyon
7353:Gwonbeop
7330:Yongmudo
7244:Archived
7209:Archived
7184:Archived
7129:Archived
7070:Archived
7015:Archived
6964:Archived
6857:Archived
6785:Archived
6755:Archived
6665:Archived
6645:13 March
6639:Archived
6322:Archived
6292:Archived
6235:Archived
6231:ActiveSG
6126:Archived
6094:Archived
6069:Archived
6036:Archived
6034:. 2011.
6011:Archived
5982:Archived
5951:Archived
5882:Archived
5852:Archived
5769:Archived
5730:Archived
5700:Archived
5629:Archived
5627:. 2005.
5596:Archived
5570:Archived
5534:Archived
5434:instead.
5416:Jidokwan
5410:Used by
5394:Used by
5379:Shudokan
5375:Shotokan
5302:See also
4950:Godanja
4828:Yeonsog
4748:Teul-eo
4681:Ssangsu
4667:Sangdan
4653:Jungdan
4625:Yeogjin
4583:Jeonjin
4403:Stances
3998:Palkkum
3891:Gwan su
3850:Son Kal
3769:Jireugi
3421:ap seogi
3417:ap seogi
2790:American
2767:breaking
2584:hosinsul
2580:patterns
2576:breaking
2572:sparring
2098:boosabum
1849:Kukkiwon
1815:In 1962
1589:patterns
1501:deonjigi
1486:hosinsul
1424:Breaking
1417:matseogi
1405:gyeorugi
1394:Sparring
1340:, also
1271:Features
1237:Kukkiwon
1035:taekkyon
982:Japanese
960:and the
924:Olympics
909:sparring
891:Kukkiwon
854:It is a
504:Presence
498:headgear
426:Highest
384:taekkyon
333:Striking
132:require
43:reviewed
9372:Cricket
9288:Surfing
9268:Sailing
9201:Fencing
9147:Cycling
9098:Archery
9005:Outline
8939:Fencing
8894:Fencing
8829:Jujutsu
8779:Fencing
8630:Fencing
8506:Jujutsu
8491:Bokator
8486:Banshay
8420:hybrids
8386:Systema
8344:Hapkido
8246:Tai chi
8201:Vovinam
8146:Lethwei
8051:Cornish
8006:Jujutsu
7963:Randori
7913:Archery
7873:Weapons
7746:Vietnam
7719:Okinawa
7709:Ireland
7704:Italian
7646:Records
7636:History
7512:Sunmudo
7469:Gakgung
7373:Simmudo
7325:Ssireum
7305:Hapkido
5373:Namely
5264:삼 수식 대련
5250:일 수식 대련
5146:Dojang
5109:Uniform
5064:Anj-a!
4964:English
4899:Teacher
4855:English
4850:Titles
4814:Du bal
4769:밖에서 안으로
4756:안에서 밖으로
4695:Yangsu
4558:English
4538:교차 립 자세
4424:Stances
4408:English
4350:뒤 돌려 차기
4298:옆 뻗어 차기
4208:앞 뻗어 차기
4161:Jog gi
4136:English
3942:拳刀 / 拳槌
3807:甲拳 / 角拳
3791:몸통 지르기
3677:English
3663:Haesan
3619:口令에 맞춰서
3616:구령에 맞춰서
3608:Siseon
3567:Hyusik
3527:Gyesok
3499:Geuman
3434:English
3295:Juniors
3184:Juniors
3087:Juniors
2986:Juniors
2978:WT Male
2694:poomsae
2492:taegeuk
2395:yeomchi
2349:Hwarang
2287:Poomsae
2170:saseong
1767:Ko-Dang
1557:respect
1553:justice
1540:control
1524:aerobic
1441:gyeokpa
1337:poomsae
1267:sport.
1222:Toronto
1156:Chinese
938:History
839:(격파).
837:gyeokpa
833:kyorugi
829:poomsae
807:) is a
518:Olympic
456:Contact
390:, some
382:Mainly
351:Creator
337:kicking
242:scholar
134:cleanup
9392:Squash
9382:Karate
9303:Tennis
9258:Rowing
9125:Boxing
9076:Diving
8995:Portal
8949:Karate
8934:Boxing
8904:Karate
8889:Boxing
8857:Kurash
8834:Karate
8819:Boxing
8789:Karate
8774:Boxing
8747:Aikido
8709:Karate
8682:Savate
8640:Karate
8625:Boxing
8453:Shooto
8229:Aikido
8181:Savate
8131:Karate
8106:Boxing
7986:Barróg
7814:Flying
7789:Ground
7784:Clinch
7741:Russia
7689:Europe
7538:Hyeong
7533:Dojang
7521:Others
6613:
6268:
6211:
5925:
5846:
5838:
5797:
5672:
5473:
5267:三數式 對練
5253:一數式 對練
5160:Simsa
5118:Dobok
5009:Guggi
4989:Gwan (
4980:School
4967:Hangul
4858:Hangul
4700:Lowest
4644:Middle
4639:Hadan
4597:Hujin
4561:Hangul
4527:四股立 姿勢
4524:사고립 자세
4511:주춤 서기
4500:騎馬立 姿勢
4497:기마립 자세
4311:후려기 차기
4174:Chagi
4139:Hangul
4074:일 지관 수
4033:옆 지르기
3837:Su Do
3761:Punch
3742:Magki
3729:Chigi
3721:Strike
3702:Su gi
3680:Hangul
3594:Gihap
3553:Swieo
3486:Sijak
3472:Junbi
3437:Hangul
3092:Adults
2991:Adults
2936:Female
2578:, and
2455:;
2449:;
2437:geukgi
2434:;
2428:;
2413:;
2407:;
2392:;
2386:;
2371:;
2365:;
2334:hyeong
2306:;
2298:poomse
2293:pumsae
2276:;
2263:Hyeong
2245:Kuopio
2179:;
2155:;
2146:sahyun
2131:;
2107:;
2048:;
2042:;
2011:;
2001:dojang
1983:homyun
1970:;
1952:dojang
1606:pumsae
1600:hyeong
1597:;
1572:staffs
1498:;
1483:;
1477:;
1461:flying
1447:weerok
1438:;
1432:;
1414:;
1402:;
1376:;
1370:;
1364:, and
1358:;
1355:hyeong
1352:;
1346:;
1331:pumsae
1328:;
1160:pinyin
964:, new
860:karate
831:(품새),
783:;
775:Korean
569:Hangul
535:Since
522:Since
388:karate
244:
237:
230:
223:
215:
8959:Sambo
8867:Sambo
8849:Wushu
8752:Wushu
8732:Sambo
8677:Glima
8582:Wuxia
8364:MCMAP
8334:Arnis
8166:Sanda
8126:Dambe
8101:Bando
8081:shoot
8046:catch
8026:Sambo
7856:Throw
7846:Sweep
7824:Stomp
7774:Punch
7726:Korea
7714:Japan
7694:India
7684:China
7528:Dobok
7507:Sundo
7446:Kumdo
7383:Subak
7018:(PDF)
7007:(PDF)
6888:(PDF)
6877:(PDF)
6860:(PDF)
6849:(PDF)
6812:Rules
6565:(PDF)
6072:(PDF)
6061:(PDF)
5954:(PDF)
5947:(PDF)
5844:S2CID
5361:Notes
5225:自由 對練
5222:자유 대련
5086:고맙습니다
5075:感謝합니다
5072:감사합니다
5020:國旗 拜禮
5017:국기 배례
4970:Hanja
4936:Geup
4861:Hanja
4788:Idan
4658:Upper
4630:Lower
4564:Hanja
4486:騎馬 姿勢
4483:기마 자세
4472:後屈 姿勢
4469:후굴 자세
4458:前屈 姿勢
4455:전굴 자세
4444:準備 姿勢
4441:준비 자세
4376:무릎 차기
4324:후려 차기
4260:돌려 차기
4195:앞 차넣기
4142:Hanja
4060:일 지 권
4019:횡진 공격
3990:Elbow
3864:Gwan
3756:Gwon
3734:Block
3683:Hanja
3633:口令 없이
3630:구령 없이
3540:Baro
3477:Begin
3463:Ready
3440:Hanja
2624:hogus
2550:kick.
2416:innae
2268:hyung
2122:sabum
2076:단 (段)
2058:, or
1961:dobok
1939:dobok
1875:, or
1763:Juche
1689:kwans
1683:kwans
1673:kwans
1667:kwans
1661:kwans
1643:kwans
1614:, or
1518:Both
1361:hyung
1320:Forms
1200:kwans
1194:kwans
1188:kwans
1170:kwans
1151:kkwŏn
1068:hanja
1053:kanji
1049:hanja
1040:kwans
1003:kendo
994:kwans
978:Seoul
972:kwans
951:kwans
877:kwans
847:dobok
785:Hanja
591:Hanja
444:Korea
412:Sport
370:(see
329:Focus
249:JSTOR
235:books
9410:and
9248:Judo
9216:Golf
8944:Judo
8899:Judo
8824:Judo
8784:Judo
8724:Sumo
8667:Budō
8635:Judo
8056:folk
8036:Sumo
7996:Judo
7938:Kata
7881:Duel
7836:Hold
7809:Kick
7192:2019
7162:2019
7078:2019
6793:2014
6763:2014
6733:2014
6703:2014
6673:2014
6647:2013
6611:ISBN
6450:2014
6420:2014
6390:2014
6360:2020
6330:2014
6300:2020
6266:ASIN
6209:ASIN
6190:2014
6165:2010
6134:2014
5923:ISBN
5836:ISSN
5795:ISBN
5708:2022
5670:ISBN
5604:2019
5578:2017
5542:2017
5510:2017
5471:ISBN
5418:and
5398:and
5377:and
5239:座 對練
5236:좌 대련
5195:맞서기
5151:Test
5132:Tti
5123:Belt
5099:천만에요
4992:kwan
4922:Dan
4902:교사 님
4888:사범 님
4874:관장 님
4836:같은 발
4717:오른 쪽
4703:최 하단
4389:빗 차기
4337:뒤 차기
4285:옆 차기
4182:앞 차기
4166:Kick
4116:장 권도
4091:二指貫手
4088:이지관수
4077:一指貫手
4046:산 막기
4022:橫進攻擊
4006:손목 등
3980:바탕손
3953:집게 손
3926:손날등
3912:역 수도
3872:찌르기
3818:등주먹
3764:지르기
3644:발 바꿔
3585:Yell
3575:뒤로돌아
2931:Male
2752:hogu
2714:The
2668:hogu
2656:hogu
2647:hogu
2637:hogu
2618:hogu
2606:hogu
2516:and
2452:百折不屈
2446:백절불굴
2374:yeui
2316:Teul
2254:kata
2051:geup
1990:hogu
1765:and
1650:and
1587:The
1532:and
1522:and
1512:떨어지기
1386:kata
1373:teul
1253:judo
1206:kwan
1164:quán
1141:gwon
1131:kwon
1029:and
984:and
926:and
893:and
862:and
821:kwon
811:and
553:1993
549:1981
537:2020
524:2000
494:Hogu
480:Type
386:and
221:news
9118:3x3
8076:oil
5828:doi
5211:對練
5208:대련
5182:겨루기
5171:護身術
5168:호신술
5059:앉아!
4947:高段者
4944:고단자
4905:敎師님
4891:師範님
4877:館長님
4809:두 발
4730:왼 쪽
4706:最下段
4119:長拳刀
4105:長甲拳
4102:장갑권
4063:一指拳
4049:山막기
3915:逆手刀
3899:손끝
3885:관 수
3845:손날
3804:갑 권
3777:중 권
3696:수 기
3504:Bow
2320:tul
2222:dan
2203:dan
2191:dan
2164:dan
2140:dan
2116:dan
2110:副師範
2104:부사범
2092:dan
2070:dan
2060:kup
2056:gup
2017:).
1724:tul
1707:'s
1617:tul
1504:or
1495:던지기
1480:護身術
1474:호신술
1444:or
1411:맞서기
1408:or
1399:겨루기
1379:tul
1334:or
1112:".
1079:tae
1063:跆手道
1057:唐手道
930:is
851:.
817:tae
790:跆拳道
780:태권도
641:IPA
601:跆拳道
579:태권도
475:Yes
204:by
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5446:,
5281:擊破
5278:격파
5157:審査
5154:심사
5143:道場
5140:도장
5115:道服
5112:도복
5048:默念
5045:묵념
5034:敬禮
5031:경례
5006:國旗
5003:국기
4995:)
4825:連續
4822:연속
4796:뜀을
4785:二段
4782:이단
4743:틀어
4692:兩手
4689:양수
4678:雙手
4675:쌍수
4664:上段
4661:상단
4650:中段
4647:중단
4636:下段
4633:하단
4622:逆進
4619:역진
4608:橫進
4605:횡진
4594:後進
4591:후진
4580:推進
4577:전진
4430:姿勢
4427:자세
4169:차기
4158:足技
4155:족기
3993:팔꿈
3969:掌貫
3966:장관
3939:권도
3888:貫手
3834:手刀
3831:수도
3780:中拳
3737:막기
3724:치기
3713:攻擊
3710:공격
3699:手技
3660:解散
3657:해산
3605:視線
3602:시선
3591:氣合
3588:기합
3564:休息
3561:휴식
3548:쉬어
3535:바로
3524:繼續
3521:계속
3510:敬禮
3507:경례
3494:그만
3483:始作
3480:시작
3469:準備
3466:준비
3453:차렷
2907:.
2574:,
2431:克己
2425:극기
2410:忍耐
2404:인내
2389:廉恥
2383:염치
2368:禮儀
2362:예의
2355::
2332:A
2322:;
2309:品勢
2303:품새
2300:;
2270:;
2182:師聖
2176:사성
2158:師賢
2152:사현
2134:師範
2128:사범
2054:,
2014:道場
2008:도장
1973:道服
1967:도복
1949:A
1871:,
1769:.
1611:품새
1603:,
1559:,
1555:,
1551:,
1547:,
1435:擊破
1429:격파
1325:품새
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1118:su
1105:do
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5129:帶
5126:띠
4986:館
4983:관
4933:級
4930:급
4919:段
4916:단
3861:貫
3858:관
3753:拳
3750:권
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1086:手
1073:跆
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