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987:. However, several decades later in 1915, several political groups emerged, Among including the Popular Party, New People's Society, and Taiwan Cultural Association. Their biggest concerns were recognition of Taiwanese culture, free speech, and a desire to establish a parliament. These petitions did not see widespread support, and no real progress was made at the time. After the withdrawal of Japan, these movements helped set the political standard and general political opinions of current Taiwan.
736:, away from the front lines. Chinese merchants and the European community were particularly concerned, fearing violence and plunder. Three Europeans from Maritime Customs at Anping, named Alliston, Burton, and McCallum, were able to convince nearly 10,000 soldiers gathered in Anping to give up their weapons and surrender peacefully to the Japanese. Using one of the go-downs of Maritime Customs to house the surrendered weaponry, between 7,000 and 8,000 Chinese rifles were secured by nightfall.
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economic boom. However unrest among the growing population indicated that the benefits of economic growth were not divided equally. The
Japanese government also did a survey to recount and re-distribute land in the 1900s and concluded that over two-thirds of owned land had been unaccounted for. The result was that taxes were tripled in Taiwan for landowners.
539:
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The colonial government launched an anti-footbinding campaign in 1901, culminating in its eventual outlawing in 1915. Footbinding in Taiwan died out shortly after, as violators were subject to heavy punishment. The
Colonial Government did relatively little to limit the wearing of queues besides exert
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Although nationalists in Taiwan criticize the influence of Japan on Taiwan, many agree that the health system was overall beneficial to the country. Many health stations were established all over the country. and research centers were developed to research and contain infectious diseases. The police
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While Taiwan had no shortage of men in May 1895, Tang
Jingsong exaggerated their numbers considerably to boost the morale of his soldiers. He sometimes claimed to have as many as 150,000 soldiers including volunteers, but this number was scrutinized, and 75,000 considered more accurate. The Formosan
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and guerrilla warfare that often led to battles and many deaths. From 1895 to 1902, fighting continued until the
Japanese eventually gained control over most of the territory. This seven-year period of resistance ended when the Yunlin-based Tieguoshan force surrendered in May 1902. In the following
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From
October 16 to 22, 1923, Hsieh Wen-ta (謝文達) flew over Tokyo and dropped thousands of fliers against Japanese rule in Taiwan. Among the messages were "Taiwanese have long been suffering under tyrannical rule" and "The totalitarianism of the colonial government is a disgrace to the constitutional
787:
Japanese casualties were lower. Japan had 515 wounded and 164 killed. Casualties from diseases like cholera and malaria was much higher. A cholera outbreak in the
Pescadores Islands at the end of March 1895 killed more than 1,500 Japanese soldiers, and even more died of malaria in September 1895 in
468:
Western powers were unable to recognize it due to its cession to Japan in the Treaty of
Shimonoseki. Because Formosa intended to rely upon China for troops and defenses, it had to recognize China as sovereign, which alienated European powers. Meanwhile, China refused to acknowledge the republic to
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between Qing, China and Japan originally omitted Taiwan and the
Pescadores Islands, Japan was able to mount a military operation against them without fear of damaging relations with China. By occupying the Pescadores, Japan aimed to prevent Chinese reinforcements from reaching Taiwan. On March 15,
818:
The
Japanese government sought to improve agriculture in Taiwan. In the 1920s, the agricultural innovations helped to bring forth exceptional crops such as sugar and rice. The two crops became the biggest exports from about 1900 to 1930. During this time, Taiwan experienced both a population and
747:
headquarters in Ji-chang-hang with a letter from
Chinese merchants explaining that the Chinese soldiers had laid down their weapons and would not fight back, and encouraging the Japanese forces to come maintain order. They were eventually successful in delivering the message. Nogi was wary but
788:
Changhua not long after it was taken by the Japanese. According to Japanese numbers, 4,642 soldiers died in Taiwan and the Pescadores Islands of disease. By the end of the campaign, 21,748 Japanese soldiers had been evacuated back to Japan while 5,246 soldiers were hospitalized in Taiwan.
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militia units, and local volunteers. Members of the Qing garrison made up the largest percentage of their forces at about 50,000 soldiers, with the Hakka militia, and volunteer units making up the other 25,000. Liu Yongfu commanded approximately 20,000 men in the south,
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and was given command of resistance forces in the south as a general. When Tang Jingsong fled, Liu Yongfu became the second and final leader of the Republic of Formosa. When it became apparent that Taiwan was lost, he left Taiwan on 20 October 1895 aboard a British
400:
While Japan wanted Taiwan to be ceded to them, as it would provide an excellent base for military expansion into South China and Southeast Asia, China recognized Taiwan's importance as a trading point to the West, and refused to include it in the treaty.
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Following the boom of agriculture in Taiwan, the export of sugar and rice increased. However, since Japan held the monopoly on this, Taiwan had little to offer on the international scene, and consequently had little to do with foreign countries.
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The survivors were lodged in the house of Yang Youwang, who allowed them to stay for 40 days. By giving clothing and food to the Paiwan people, he was able to placate them. Afterward, the Japanese sailors stayed at the Ryukyuan embassy in
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years, only a few rebellions occurred. However, in October 1930 fighting between a Taiwanese tribe and the Japanese killed over 130 Japanese. The Japanese crushed the rebellion, and over 600 Taiwanese died. This became known as the
404:
Japan called the cession of Taiwan a necessity, China argued that it had been a province of China since 1885 and had not been a battleground in the war. Chinese officials refused to cede it, and instead transferred the
42:
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saw 3,600 soldiers win at the Battle of Stone Gate on May 22. Thirty Taiwanese tribesmen were either killed or mortally wounded in the battle. Japanese casualties counted six killed and 30 wounded.
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of France, Germany, and Russia just six days after the signing. With established ports and enclaves in China, the three countries demanded that Japan withdraw its claim on the Liaodong peninsula.
371:
Due in part to the demoralized defenses of the Chinese, roughly 5,000 men, Japanese forces managed to take the Pescadores in three days. While Japanese casualties were minimal, an outbreak of
295:
sailors wandered into the heart of Taiwan after their ship was destroyed in a typhoon, leaving them shipwrecked on the southeastern tip of Taiwan. On November 8 the 66 sailors arrived at the
795:
fell ill with malaria on October 18 and died in Tainan on October 28, only seven days after the city surrendered to the Japanese. The prince's body was escorted back to Japan by the cruiser
943:, Tokyo ordered rapid acculturation of the people of Japan's colonies. This included an effort to disaccustom people from Chinese traditional religions and convert them into the nexus of
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The island of Formosa, past and present. History, people, resources, and commercial prospects. Tea, camphor, sugar, gold, coal, sulphur, economical plants, and other productions
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had fled reached Tainan on the morning of October 20. With both Tang Jingsong, and Liu Yongfu gone, Formosa was left with no real leadership. Many people fled to the port of
983:
The beginning of Japanese rule saw barely any resistance from the Taiwanese. People felt that Japanese rule could serve better than previous governments established by the
268:
on August 27 was the largest battle ever fought on Taiwanese soil and doomed the Formosan resistance. The fall of Tainan on October 21 ended organized resistance and began
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596:. | He became president of the Republic of Formosa on May 25, 1895, and stayed to resist the Japanese. On June 3, 1895, the Formosan forces were defeated at
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Formosan and Chinese casualties were high but are difficult to estimate. The total number of Formosan and Chinese casualties was estimated around 14 000.
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In retaliation for Qing, China's refusal to pay compensation on the grounds that the Taiwanese aboriginals were out of their jurisdiction, Japan sent the
68:
905:, popular in Japan but not in Taiwan at the time. The Japanese also built several new Buddhist temples in Taiwan, many of which combined aspects of
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Part of Japan's social policy involved the "Three Vices", which the Office of the Governor-General considered archaic and unhealthy. These were
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and commander of the Black Flag Army. Convinced to join the fight by Tang Jingsong, he became a famous Chinese patriot in the fight against the
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ordered opium banned in Taiwan as soon as possible, the government remained involved in the narcotics trade until Japan's surrender in 1945.
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To compete with Western countries, Japan used Taiwan as an economic asset and developed agriculture, the health system and public education.
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force established by the Japanese was also given the task of maintaining public health. Since this required extra supervision, the
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people. One day later, after expressing doubts, the 66 sailors attempted to escape. While 12 were taken into protective custody by
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sects took part. The Japanese government discovered the plot and Yu Qingfang was executed together with ninety-four followers.
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In November 1874 Japanese forces withdrew from Taiwan after the Qing government agreed to an indemnity of 500,000 Kuping
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in Taiwan, in the belief that this would accelerate the assimilation of the Taiwanese into Japanese society.
1174:"The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895: Peace treaty concluded between Japan and China (Treaty of Shimonoseki)"
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413:. China was unable to keep Taiwan and it was included in the treaty, ending 200 years of Qing dynasty rule.
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avoid offending Japan or sending Chinese troops to Formosa. Tang Jingsong was ordered to return to Peking.
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Buddhist hall where the follower Yu Qingfang (余清芳) started an anti-Japanese uprising, in which many other
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1895, a Japanese force of 5,500 men set sail for the Pescadores and landed on Pa-chau Island on March 23.
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1322:
Chen, Ching-Chih (February 1975). "The Japanese Adaptation of the Pao-Chia System in Taiwan, 1895-1945".
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Hsien-Yu, C. (1998). "Colonial Medical Police and Postcolonial Medical Surveillance Systems in Taiwan".
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1376:. 吳密察., Yuan liu Taiwan guan., 遠流台灣館. (Chu ban ed.). Taibei Shi: Yuan liu chu ban gong si. 2000.
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1484:. Clart, Philip, 1963-, Jones, Charles Brewer, 1957-. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. 2003.
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social pressure, never even issuing formal edicts or laws on the matter. After the fall of the
801:. A rumor circulated in Taiwan that the prince died of a wound that he had received during the
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393:, Japan on April 17, 1895. The treaty ended the First Sino-Japanese War between Japan and the
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Chen, Edward (1972). "Formosan Political Movements Under Japanese Colonial Rule, 1914-1937".
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1216:"The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895: 29 May 1895 Japanese army lands in the north of Taiwan"
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706:, but was unable to identify and capture the disguised Liu Yongfu. These actions spurred a
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The Pescadores Campaign of March 23–26, 1895 marked the last military operation of the
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from Britain, and the Japanese government issued an official apology. On October 21,
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Tang Jingsong was the governor of Taiwan when it was ceded to Japan in 1895 with the
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The final version of the Treaty of Shimonoseki was signed at the Shunpanro hotel in
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1155:. unknown library. London, New York, Bombay and Calcutta, Longmans, Green, and co.
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The inclusion of Taiwan in the final treaty led pro-Qing officials to declare the
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Han-Yu, C.; Myers, R. (1963). "Japanese Colonial Development Policy in Taiwan".
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Religion in modern Taiwan : tradition and innovation in a changing society
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were expanded and modified to accommodate Japanese elements such as worship of
1606:"Negotiating Colonialism: Taiwanese Literature during the Japanese Occupation"
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457:, the Qing governor-general of Taiwan, became the republic's first president.
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Hsu, Wen-Hsiung (1989), "Purism and alienation in recent Taiwanese fiction",
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Historical and legal aspects of the international status of Taiwan (Formosa)
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about 10,000 men, and a Chinese admiral named Yang 30,000 men in the north.
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After hearing of the cession of Taiwan to Japan, pro-Qing officials led by
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Formosa existed for one week before Japan landed on its shores on May 29.
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country of Japan!" Hsieh was the first Taiwanese aviator flying in 1921.
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1218:. Japan Center for Asian Historical Records National Archives of Japan.
1176:. Japan Center for Asian Historical Records National Archives of Japan.
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He stayed in Taiwan with Tang Jingsong to fight the Japanese after the
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Between 1895 and 1915 the colonial government promoted the existing
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commander and national hero, became the Grand General of the Army.
1123:. London, New York, Bombay and Calcutta: Longmans, Green, and co.
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In 1915, Japanese religious policies in Taiwan changed after the "
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1193:(2nd ed.). Tokyo: World United Formosans for Independence.
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Japan's religious influence on Taiwan came in three phases.
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advanced on Tainan, and entered the city the next morning.
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forces included Chinese soldiers from the Qing garrison,
58:"Taiwanese Resistance to the Japanese Invasion" 1895
1608:. International Institute for Asian Studies Newsletter.
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community and were ordered to stay there by the local
1636:"Taiwan in Time: Anti-Colonial Messages from the Sky"
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in 1911, the popularity of queues decreased further.
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Taiwanese Resistance to the Japanese Invasion of 1895
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Taiwanese American Computer Professional Association
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in 1895. It never gained international recognition.
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Killed: approx. 14,000 including civilian casualties
604:until June 4. Tang Jingsong fled Taiwan on June 6.
319:for half a year, and subsequently returned home to
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
409:islands and the eastern portion of the bay of the
1149:Takekoshi, Yosaburō; Braithwaite, George (1907).
1651:"Taiwan in Time: Blood-stained unrest in Yunlin"
1587:"Japan's Era in Taiwan: Effects of Assimilation"
416:The conditions Japan placed on China led to the
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877:, a Shinto shrine constructed in Taipei in 1901
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739:Two English missionaries, James Fergusson and
1272:Wickberg, E. (1969). "Agricultural History".
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955:. Chinese family altars were replaced with
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1037:. Miyaguni, Fumio., 宮国, 文雄. 那覇出版社. 1998.
999:During the 50-year occupation there were
526:Learn how and when to remove this message
434:The state flag of the Republic of Formosa
307:officials, the remaining 54 were killed.
249:to Japan in April 1895 at the end of the
124:The Japanese invasion of Taiwan (Formosa)
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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330:. The first overseas deployment of the
270:five decades of Japanese rule in Taiwan
229:was a conflict between the short-lived
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1452:"Taiwan in Time: The 'war' on opium"
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1692:Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895)
453:declared the Republic of Formosa.
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1572:Taiwan: Nation-State or Province?
16:Conflict between Taiwan and Japan
1621:The Boundaries of "the Japanese"
1274:Japanese Land Policies in Taiwan
1095:Davidson, James Wheeler (1903).
694:pursued it and caught up to the
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1634:Cheung, Han (16 October 2016).
1604:Lin, Pei-Yin (September 2005).
1421:The Politics of Language Purism
1035:Miyako tōmin taiwan sōnan jiken
34:needs additional citations for
779:Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa
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714:surrendered to the Japanese.
508:secondary or tertiary sources
1529:The Journal of Asian Studies
1324:The Journal of Asian Studies
1231:The Journal of Asian Studies
1187:Ng, Yuzin Chiautong (1972).
1119:Yosaburō, Takekoshi (1907).
589:(November 1884–March 1885).
154:Taiwan (Republic of Formosa)
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1649:Han Cheung (22 May 2022).
1574:. Boulder: Westview Press.
937:Marco Polo Bridge Incident
855:. Although Prime Minister
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219:Died from disease: 4,642
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1585:Guo, Mira.
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650:Liu Yung-fu
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565:: 唐景嵩;
561:: 唐景崧;
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