1520:
its territory being divided among individual lords and princes. These nobles built castles to control the area immediately surrounding them and the castles were both offensive and defensive structures: they provided a base from which raids could be launched as well as offered protection from enemies." Yet there is no citation nor example of any kind from the
Carolingian or post Carolingian kingdoms that show this evolution of Castle type structures. Not to mention, later it goes on to state that the defining characteristic of a castle is being a residence of a noble or lord, but again, Carolingian palaces were based on the earlier Roman basilica, palatial or villa architecture and not fortified. So if there are scholars and experts that supposedly are the source of this claim, then where are the citations and examples? Because again, the earliest examples for the evolution of this kind of structure are not in Northern France and Germany, but in Spain.
1330:
Latin sources or he misunderstood what he found. Of course, specific motte style castles had only become predominant in
England after 1066, however there had been an enormous amount of castles built n other styles/ according to other concepts before. A castle always had been built for specific needs and due to specific challenges. For example, king Alfred the Great did build castles, and so did his noble men, according to the threats and fortification necessities of their time. Genereally speaking, in Europe, building fortifications might have started as soon as at the end of Neolithicum/ Younger Stone Age - and Britain had already been in close contact with Central Europe in this time.
1140:
Similar expressions are "Turmhof" and "Turmhaus" ("tower (farm) yard" / "tower house") or "Weiher Haus" ("house in a pond"). Castles had been built in response to challenges and threats, as well as in accordance to military necessities, representative purposes and adminstrative tasks. A lot of castles had been remodelled as circumstances changed and time went by: For example, a Norman motte-and-baily style castle originally had been appropriate for a smaller number of inhabitants, but could easily been expanded over the decades and centuries. Some old motte style castles have been expanded to impressive sizes continously until today, as shows
Windsor Castle.
1071:
translated to "Castle" in
English may well need to refer to a very different set of structures. "Castle" is an English word that refers to (haha) castles. It also can simply refer to any magnificent/old mansion. But the subject of the article remains. I think if there is adequate interest, it might be that we need articles like (I don't think we do but...) "Castle (mansion)", "Castle (Japan)" or some such. But in English language literature, castle immediately invokes a crenelated, often moated, fortified residence. Unless there is support for leaving them in, I will remove the 2 "citation needed" items when I pass back through in weeks/months.
888:
867:
468:
682:
661:
787:
766:
312:
571:
898:
253:
797:
459:
345:
616:
632:
1210:
223:
1393:. The same source notes that burhs weren't always large communal fortifications, an aspect which set them largely outside the somewhat porous definition of a castle, so there may be scope for more integration of burhs into discussion of castles. At this stage, I think we'd need sources which contextualise the historiography to guide the content of the article should such a change be made.
600:
1107:, and other structures that may be identified as, or fall within the parameters, of a house; nor does it necessitate articles on houses in each culture and language, because in many cultures, the word for "house" still denotes a permanent structure with four walls and a roof, intended as a residence, and so most such articles would become redundant. All of this applies to the term
692:
993:
972:
533:
501:
1583:
castles in the "See also"-section, but this is not enough to justify that this article be called just "Castle". Either the name should be changed to "Castle (Europe)" or the article should at least dedicate a paragraph to castles in other continents, eg. as an introduction to other, more detailed articles.
1614:
There are endless discussions in the 6 archives, and the FAC, over the definition. Don't let's go there again - it's not really an "interesting issue", especially 5th time around. The article is written to cover a particular definition and scope, but of course other definitions exist. An article that
1407:
There are endless discussions in the 6 archives, and the FAC, over the definition. Don't let's go there again - it's not really an "interesting issue", especially 5th time around. The article is written to cover a particular definition and scope, but of course other definitions exist. An article that
1519:
The opening section of the page literally says the origin of castles lay in the disintegration that took place in the late
Carolingian empire which led to the rise in feudal lords. "European-style castles originated in the 9th and 10th centuries, after the fall of the Carolingian Empire resulted in
1384:
Transfer of ideas across languages can be much slower than amongst researchers with a shared language. There are at least regular conferences such
Chateau Gaillard are an important forum for exchanging ideas. The bi-annual publication regularly contains papers in French, English, and German (I think
1162:
Currently 3 users are pro-add to rooms of castle (note that
Wretchskull agrees if only the sub-headings are completed.) and 1 user is pro-remove. I had written the subheading "Great hall" which has a reasonable amount of text and is sourced. So, I am assuming that Wretchskull also agrees to add this
1090:
in
English. It includes examples of the variation in construction materials and form, and there are examples from Europe, North America, East Asia, and other parts of the world. The subject is not limited to the English-speaker's mental and cultural image of a "house". It includes all structures, no
1446:
Thirdly the idea that these combinations of battlements, curtain walls, terrain and geography as part of castle architecture originated with the
Carolingians based on Roman precedents is also false. Again, both Christians and Muslims in Spain have been using terrain and various ancient traditions
1369:
While the term castle is derived from Latin, I don't think that's a particular problem. Words change meaning over time through different usage and different context. The Latin derivation isn't coincidental of course. The medieval elite would often deliberately co-opt the Roman past, so blurring the
1139:
There are French expressions like "maison forte", and stronger "chateau fort", to emphasize a really permanent structure, appropriate to live in and appropriate to be defended by the inhabitants. German expression "Festes Haus" for a smaller castle, a fortified house easy to defend, means the same.
1434:
First, the Romans built castellum all over Europe, the Levant and North Africa and therefore those structures and the terms used to describe them influenced more than just the
English language. So to argue that what makes a "castle" limited to the history of the English language is a nonsensical,
1333:
I have visitied a lot of castles so far, and in fact, a lot of castles are way older than the structures you see today. There has been quite a lot of research on this: E. g. archeologist Carl Schuchhardt had dedicated his whole life to do scientific research on castles. He had been one of Europe's
1582:
This article is flawed because it is Euro-centric. It hardly mentions castles outside Europe. But there are castles everywhere: in the Middle East, Japan, China, Iran, India and in many other places and cultures. The article even lacks images of such castles. There are a few links to non-European
1549:
where more detail is given. The lead is a summary of the main body of the article, using necessarily broad strokes. The origin of castles is a complex topic with lots of uncertainty, and even the addition detail in the body doesn't address it in full. It could be a standalone article, but I'm not
1450:
Suffice to say, if this is simply an issue of language and distinguishing the history and derivation of the English term "castle" then that is one thing. But to argue that this language derivation represents the complete history and extent of buildings in Europe with features called "castles" in
1442:
Which then leads to the second point that the Carolingians were not the main social organization and culture responsible for first building castles in Europe. As there are no Carolingian castles, since most of them are simply palaces based on old Roman style Basilicas and Villas. Again, the
1329:
Thank you! However, as ancient Britain had been part of the Celtic culture, there had been castles way before. As "castle" is derived from Latin and the Romans had conquerred Celtic Europe, including what became England in later centuries, David James Cathcart King either must have been ignoring
1295:
Castles had been existing in Britain, as well as in almost all other European regions, at least since early Celtic times. However, as late as end of 11th century, the motte style castles came to Britain due to an invasion by William the Bastard, a self styled "Norman" warrior and as "William the
1430:
The problem with the article is that it implies that 1) Romans only built castellum in Britain or Germany, when they didn't. 2) That the Calingians were responsible for evolving the style of earlier Roman castellum into castles when they weren't. 3) That all aspects of castle architecture
1070:
Once again, the subject of the article has been flagged. Yes there are things other than the subject structures that are called castles. But the subject of the article remains the English-language fortified-residence castle. I am sure that in languages not English, the word that is often
623:
515:
1091:
matter what they are called in the language(s) of the home cultures, that fulfill the criteria of the definition of the English word "house". The word "house" is not a proper noun, so it is not restricted to one specific building. The generalized, inclusive article
1357:
built by Alfred do have some relation to castles - indeed some later had castles built within them - but are typically treated as separate entities in the literature and have been since the early 20th century (summarised briefly in
1615:
tried to cover all of them would be a sprawling mess. It was decided years ago that people searching for "castle" were most likely to want European medieval castles etc, and this seems still correct to me. If people want
1408:
tried to cover all of them would be a sprawling mess. It was decided years ago that people searching for "castle" were most likely to want European medieval castles etc, and this seems still correct to me. If people want
1719:
1447:
of architecture including earlier Roman works to build Castles long before anything anywhere else in Europe. This includes castles on strategic terrain, such as hilltops and spurs, castles near rivers and so forth.
639:
519:
1664:
1714:
607:
511:
153:
849:
1659:
1335:
1297:
1141:
1462:
Note that the wiki claims that Château de Doué-la-Fontaine is the oldest when there is nothing remaining that shows anything like what is being called a castle based on language or architecture.
391:
1247:
1390:
1689:
351:
410:
326:
1163:
subheading since it meets his standarts explained by him above which makes the situation 3 to 1 which I believe lays the ground for concencus. So, I am adding the "Great hall" back.--
1649:
814:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of home-related articles on Knowledge (XXG). If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
545:
429:
355:
1443:
actual earliest history of the use of vassals and nobles to defend various regions with their own fortified residences are found in Spain, from Muslims and then Christians.
1679:
1370:
line between castle and Roman fort isn't accidental. Castles were established within or just on the edges of Roman forts at Pevensey, Portchester, Chester, and Leicester.
214:
1243:"A castle is a type of fortified structure typically built during but not limited to the Middle Ages predominantly by the nobility or royalty and by military orders."
748:
1391:"castle scholarship has, with rare exceptions, been pursued within the confines of particular countries and regions. Broader geographical approaches are neglected"
1043:
954:
1694:
472:
147:
1784:
1764:
1739:
1729:
1033:
944:
738:
79:
1674:
1724:
1709:
1699:
1774:
714:
1754:
1704:
1009:
920:
815:
540:
506:
1684:
85:
1734:
1654:
1296:
Conqueror" new "king of England". So any statement that there had been no castles in Britain before 1066 are mere nonsense. Please correct this.
1779:
1759:
1381:, is available online. I am unfortunately entirely reliant on Google Translate to work with German sources. It looks like an interesting read!
1749:
839:
549:
1439:
and also applies to similar structures. And many early Islamic and Christian castles were built on top of older Roman or Visigothic ruins.
705:
666:
30:
1237:"A castle is a type of fortified structure built during the Middle Ages predominantly by the nobility or royalty and by military orders."
1000:
977:
911:
872:
810:
771:
1348:
It's an interesting issue which comes down to how castles are defined - where is the line drawn between what is a castle and what isn't?
1769:
1339:
1301:
1145:
1389:
published by the German Castles Institute is primarily German-language but has included articles in English. It is worth noting that
1334:
best experts during his time. However, in Britain some of the research work done by people on the continent might have been ignored?
1251:
99:
1489:
1465:
104:
20:
1669:
1535:
1261:
Can't agree. Other uses are references to the middle-age castles. "My home is my castle.", the Smithsonian Castle, for example.
74:
1744:
481:
44:
321:
65:
1351:
Castle studies in England, Wales, and Scotland draws a distinction between castles and other types of fortifications. The
887:
866:
294:
290:
168:
344:
222:
185:
135:
1216:
109:
233:
1555:
1398:
1320:
1190:
458:
311:
487:
331:
1311:
The article does not claim there were no castles in Britain before 1066. Instead it notes, with reference to
1130:
544:. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the project and see a
1523:
298:
55:
1008:
on Knowledge (XXG). If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
919:
on Knowledge (XXG). If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
713:
on Knowledge (XXG). If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
129:
70:
1531:
1496:
1116:
1597:
1584:
335:
1601:
1588:
1551:
1394:
1316:
1312:
1186:
697:
161:
125:
1168:
1126:
903:
238:
1481:
681:
660:
1628:
1510:
1421:
1280:
1266:
1076:
175:
51:
1457:
786:
765:
252:
235:
1095:
does not preclude the need for more detailed or specialized articles on structures such as
1620:
1616:
1527:
1492:
1413:
1409:
1112:
916:
897:
261:
1596:
As a starter, I added a picture of Himeji, one of the most famous non-European castles.
802:
1185:
Good work on the bit about the great hall, it's an excellent addition to the article.
570:
1643:
1473:
1180:
1164:
350:
This article appeared on Knowledge (XXG)'s Main Page as Today's featured article on
141:
1624:
1506:
1417:
1276:
1262:
1072:
710:
1436:
1359:
1315:(1998, pp. 32-43), that castles were introduced to England shortly before 1066.
1096:
1005:
631:
615:
893:
792:
687:
1100:
599:
289:) and some terms that are used in it may be different or absent from other
1374:
1550:
sure how much appetite there is for that (I certainly don't have time!).
1363:
691:
1505:
I can't see where the article says the things you claim. Please quote.
1360:"The Origins of the Castle in England the Institute's Research Project"
1104:
1546:
1108:
24:
992:
971:
1125:
These comments do not seem to be relevant to translation errors. --
532:
500:
1470:
Hilltop Castle Spain based on earlier Roman and Celtiberian forts:
1246:
The term castle can apply to buildings built outside of this era.
1092:
1087:
237:
1437:
the word castillo also exists as a derivation of the Roman Castel
1486:
Another old Spanish Castle based on Roman and Muslim structures:
1353:
1204:
452:
247:
239:
15:
1545:
I believe that the citations you are looking can be found in
1720:
Military science, technology, and theory task force articles
1632:
1605:
1592:
1559:
1539:
1514:
1500:
1425:
1402:
1343:
1324:
1305:
1284:
1270:
1255:
1194:
1172:
1149:
1134:
1120:
1080:
630:
614:
598:
1665:
Featured articles that have appeared on the main page twice
1373:
I'm not familiar with Schuchhardt's work, though I see his
1715:
FA-Class military science, technology, and theory articles
1623:
and so on, they will most likely use other search terms.
1416:
and so on, they will most likely use other search terms.
1431:
therefore come from 1 and 2 which all completely false.
422:
403:
384:
160:
1660:
Featured articles that have appeared on the main page
1690:
Knowledge (XXG) level-4 vital articles in Technology
1004:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of
915:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of
709:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of
624:
Military science, technology, and theory task force
581:
174:
1650:Knowledge (XXG) articles that use British English
1086:There is an article about the structure we call
33:for general discussion of the article's subject.
1435:non historic argument. For example, in Spain,
1201:Semi-protected edit request on 14 November 2022
1066:The ongoing squabble about what a "Castle" is
8:
1680:Knowledge (XXG) vital articles in Technology
558:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Military history
334:. Even so, if you can update or improve it,
330:as one of the best articles produced by the
324:; it (or a previous version of it) has been
1521:
966:
861:
760:
655:
578:
495:
363:
306:
265:, which has its own spelling conventions (
1385:I've seen other languages as well), and
723:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Architecture
538:This article is within the scope of the
456:
1547:Castle#Origins (9th and 10th centuries)
1018:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Archaeology
968:
929:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Middle Ages
863:
824:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Home Living
762:
657:
497:
1675:Knowledge (XXG) level-4 vital articles
1336:2001:9E8:AA8C:ED00:BD00:3761:526B:69CF
1298:2001:9E8:AA8C:ED00:BD00:3761:526B:69CF
1275:Further: This is addressed in P1, S2.
1142:2001:9E8:AA8C:ED00:BD00:3761:526B:69CF
548:. To use this banner, please see the
1695:FA-Class vital articles in Technology
1379:Die Burg im Wandel der Weltgeschichte
1248:2601:240:CC08:1F40:ADE9:71E5:844:C3AB
561:Template:WikiProject Military history
297:, this should not be changed without
7:
1785:High-importance Archaeology articles
1765:High-importance Middle Ages articles
1740:Top-importance Architecture articles
1730:Medieval warfare task force articles
1454:Oldest and Largest castle in Europe:
998:This article is within the scope of
909:This article is within the scope of
808:This article is within the scope of
703:This article is within the scope of
486:It is of interest to the following
23:for discussing improvements to the
1725:FA-Class Medieval warfare articles
1710:Fortifications task force articles
1700:FA-Class military history articles
14:
1775:All WikiProject Middle Ages pages
1655:Knowledge (XXG) featured articles
1611:To repeat myself from last year:
726:Template:WikiProject Architecture
50:New to Knowledge (XXG)? Welcome!
1755:WikiProject Home Living articles
1705:FA-Class fortifications articles
1208:
1021:Template:WikiProject Archaeology
991:
970:
932:Template:WikiProject Middle Ages
896:
886:
865:
827:Template:WikiProject Home Living
795:
785:
764:
690:
680:
659:
569:
531:
499:
466:
457:
343:
310:
251:
221:
45:Click here to start a new topic.
1685:FA-Class level-4 vital articles
1038:This article has been rated as
949:This article has been rated as
844:This article has been rated as
743:This article has been rated as
1735:FA-Class Architecture articles
1606:20:47, 10 September 2023 (UTC)
1593:20:31, 10 September 2023 (UTC)
1135:11:56, 13 September 2022 (UTC)
1:
1780:FA-Class Archaeology articles
1760:FA-Class Middle Ages articles
1560:22:08, 12 February 2024 (UTC)
1366:again are treated separately.
1285:02:01, 15 November 2022 (UTC)
1271:08:29, 14 November 2022 (UTC)
1256:06:30, 14 November 2022 (UTC)
1121:19:02, 7 September 2018 (UTC)
1081:02:17, 6 September 2018 (UTC)
1012:and see a list of open tasks.
923:and see a list of open tasks.
818:and see a list of open tasks.
717:and see a list of open tasks.
42:Put new text under old text.
1750:Mid-importance home articles
1540:11:01, 9 February 2024 (UTC)
1515:16:28, 26 January 2024 (UTC)
1501:15:10, 26 January 2024 (UTC)
1451:English is simply dishonest.
541:Military history WikiProject
1490:Castle_of_AlmodĂłvar_del_RĂo
1466:Château de Doué-la-Fontaine
1240:This should be changed to:
1231:to reactivate your request.
1219:has been answered. Set the
640:Medieval warfare task force
1801:
1044:project's importance scale
955:project's importance scale
749:project's importance scale
411:Featured article candidate
1770:FA-Class history articles
1478:Spanish Christian Castle:
1344:20:33, 30 June 2023 (UTC)
1325:19:55, 30 June 2023 (UTC)
1306:11:29, 30 June 2023 (UTC)
1291:Age of Castles in Britain
1195:21:49, 17 July 2021 (UTC)
1173:18:16, 10 July 2021 (UTC)
1150:20:53, 30 June 2023 (UTC)
1037:
986:
948:
881:
843:
780:
742:
675:
638:
622:
608:Fortifications task force
606:
577:
564:military history articles
526:
494:
443:
366:
362:
332:Knowledge (XXG) community
80:Be welcoming to newcomers
1633:19:57, 1 July 2023 (UTC)
1426:19:57, 1 July 2023 (UTC)
1403:10:58, 1 July 2023 (UTC)
706:WikiProject Architecture
1670:FA-Class vital articles
1578:Castles outside Europe?
1001:WikiProject Archaeology
912:WikiProject Middle Ages
811:WikiProject Home Living
582:Associated task forces:
430:Featured article review
392:WikiProject peer review
1745:FA-Class home articles
635:
619:
603:
75:avoid personal attacks
729:Architecture articles
634:
618:
602:
480:on Knowledge (XXG)'s
473:level-4 vital article
215:Auto-archiving period
100:Neutral point of view
1387:Burgen und Schlösser
1024:Archaeology articles
935:Middle Ages articles
295:relevant style guide
291:varieties of English
105:No original research
1313:D. J. Cathcart King
698:Architecture portal
293:. According to the
904:Middle Ages portal
642:(c. 500 – c. 1500)
636:
620:
604:
546:list of open tasks
482:content assessment
367:Article milestones
86:dispute resolution
47:
1542:
1526:comment added by
1235:
1234:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1049:
965:
964:
961:
960:
860:
859:
856:
855:
759:
758:
755:
754:
654:
653:
650:
649:
646:
645:
550:full instructions
451:
450:
439:
438:
423:December 14, 2010
385:November 12, 2009
352:February 24, 2010
305:
304:
246:
245:
66:Assume good faith
43:
1792:
1621:Celtic hillforts
1617:Japanese castles
1458:Castle_of_Gormaz
1414:Celtic hillforts
1410:Japanese castles
1226:
1222:
1212:
1211:
1205:
1184:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
995:
988:
987:
982:
974:
967:
937:
936:
933:
930:
927:
906:
901:
900:
890:
883:
882:
877:
869:
862:
850:importance scale
832:
831:
828:
825:
822:
805:
800:
799:
798:
789:
782:
781:
776:
768:
761:
731:
730:
727:
724:
721:
700:
695:
694:
684:
677:
676:
671:
663:
656:
589:
579:
573:
566:
565:
562:
559:
556:
555:Military history
535:
528:
527:
522:
507:Military history
503:
496:
479:
470:
469:
462:
461:
453:
446:Featured article
444:Current status:
425:
406:
404:December 3, 2009
387:
364:
347:
322:featured article
314:
307:
258:This article is
255:
248:
240:
226:
225:
216:
179:
178:
164:
95:Article policies
16:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1640:
1639:
1580:
1482:Peñafiel_Castle
1293:
1224:
1220:
1209:
1203:
1178:
1160:
1068:
1040:High-importance
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1013:
981:High‑importance
980:
951:High-importance
934:
931:
928:
925:
924:
917:the Middle Ages
902:
895:
876:High‑importance
875:
829:
826:
823:
820:
819:
801:
796:
794:
774:
728:
725:
722:
719:
718:
696:
689:
669:
587:
563:
560:
557:
554:
553:
509:
477:
467:
421:
402:
383:
299:broad consensus
262:British English
242:
241:
236:
213:
121:
116:
115:
114:
91:
61:
12:
11:
5:
1798:
1796:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1595:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1552:Richard Nevell
1487:
1484:
1479:
1476:
1471:
1468:
1463:
1460:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1432:
1405:
1395:Richard Nevell
1382:
1371:
1367:
1349:
1331:
1317:Richard Nevell
1292:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1273:
1233:
1232:
1213:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1187:Richard Nevell
1159:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1137:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1010:the discussion
996:
984:
983:
975:
963:
962:
959:
958:
947:
941:
940:
938:
921:the discussion
908:
907:
891:
879:
878:
870:
858:
857:
854:
853:
846:Mid-importance
842:
836:
835:
833:
816:the discussion
807:
806:
803:Housing portal
790:
778:
777:
775:Mid‑importance
769:
757:
756:
753:
752:
745:Top-importance
741:
735:
734:
732:
715:the discussion
702:
701:
685:
673:
672:
670:Top‑importance
664:
652:
651:
648:
647:
644:
643:
637:
627:
626:
621:
611:
610:
605:
595:
594:
592:
590:
584:
583:
575:
574:
567:
536:
524:
523:
512:Fortifications
504:
492:
491:
485:
463:
449:
448:
441:
440:
437:
436:
433:
426:
418:
417:
414:
407:
399:
398:
395:
388:
380:
379:
376:
373:
369:
368:
360:
359:
348:
340:
339:
315:
303:
302:
256:
244:
243:
234:
232:
231:
228:
227:
181:
180:
118:
117:
113:
112:
107:
102:
93:
92:
90:
89:
82:
77:
68:
62:
60:
59:
48:
39:
38:
35:
34:
28:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1797:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1577:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1474:Xativa_Castle
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1230:
1227:parameter to
1218:
1214:
1207:
1206:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1157:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1127:SergeWoodzing
1124:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1002:
997:
994:
990:
989:
985:
979:
976:
973:
969:
956:
952:
946:
943:
942:
939:
922:
918:
914:
913:
905:
899:
894:
892:
889:
885:
884:
880:
874:
871:
868:
864:
851:
847:
841:
838:
837:
834:
830:home articles
817:
813:
812:
804:
793:
791:
788:
784:
783:
779:
773:
770:
767:
763:
750:
746:
740:
737:
736:
733:
716:
712:
708:
707:
699:
693:
688:
686:
683:
679:
678:
674:
668:
665:
662:
658:
641:
633:
629:
628:
625:
617:
613:
612:
609:
601:
597:
596:
593:
591:
586:
585:
580:
576:
572:
568:
551:
547:
543:
542:
537:
534:
530:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
508:
505:
502:
498:
493:
489:
483:
475:
474:
464:
460:
455:
454:
447:
442:
434:
432:
431:
427:
424:
420:
419:
415:
413:
412:
408:
405:
401:
400:
396:
394:
393:
389:
386:
382:
381:
377:
374:
371:
370:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
346:
342:
341:
337:
333:
329:
328:
323:
319:
316:
313:
309:
308:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
263:
257:
254:
250:
249:
230:
229:
224:
220:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
189:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
170:
167:
163:
159:
155:
152:
149:
146:
143:
140:
137:
134:
131:
127:
124:
123:Find sources:
120:
119:
111:
110:Verifiability
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
97:
96:
87:
83:
81:
78:
76:
72:
69:
67:
64:
63:
57:
53:
52:Learn to edit
49:
46:
41:
40:
37:
36:
32:
26:
22:
18:
17:
1581:
1522:— Preceding
1386:
1378:
1352:
1294:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1228:
1217:edit request
1161:
1069:
1061:
1059:
1039:
999:
950:
910:
845:
809:
744:
720:Architecture
711:Architecture
704:
667:Architecture
539:
488:WikiProjects
471:
445:
428:
409:
390:
356:July 3, 2017
336:please do so
325:
317:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
259:
218:
184:
171:
165:
157:
150:
144:
138:
132:
122:
94:
19:This is the
1158:Explanation
1097:mobile home
1015:Archaeology
1006:Archaeology
978:Archaeology
926:Middle Ages
873:Middle Ages
821:Home Living
772:Home Living
260:written in
148:free images
31:not a forum
1644:Categories
1528:Big-dynamo
1493:Big-dynamo
1221:|answered=
1113:Boneyard90
516:Technology
327:identified
1598:Loranchet
1585:Loranchet
1375:1931 book
1364:Hillforts
1101:townhouse
476:is rated
354:, and on
271:travelled
88:if needed
71:Be polite
21:talk page
1536:contribs
1524:unsigned
1181:Visnelma
520:Medieval
478:FA-class
416:Promoted
397:Reviewed
283:artefact
186:Archives
56:get help
29:This is
27:article.
1625:Johnbod
1507:Johnbod
1418:Johnbod
1277:Shajure
1263:Shajure
1105:mansion
1073:Shajure
1042:on the
953:on the
848:on the
747:on the
375:Process
287:analyse
279:defence
219:90Â days
154:WPÂ refs
142:scholar
1109:castle
484:scale.
378:Result
318:Castle
275:centre
267:colour
126:Google
25:Castle
1354:burhs
1225:|ans=
1215:This
1165:V. E.
1093:House
1088:House
465:This
320:is a
169:JSTOR
130:books
84:Seek
1629:talk
1602:talk
1589:talk
1556:talk
1532:talk
1511:talk
1497:talk
1422:talk
1399:talk
1340:talk
1321:talk
1302:talk
1281:talk
1267:talk
1252:talk
1191:talk
1169:talk
1146:talk
1131:talk
1117:talk
1111:. -
1077:talk
1034:High
945:High
435:Kept
372:Date
162:FENS
136:news
73:and
1362:).
1223:or
840:Mid
739:Top
176:TWL
1646::
1631:)
1619:,
1604:)
1591:)
1558:)
1538:)
1534:•
1513:)
1499:)
1424:)
1412:,
1401:)
1377:,
1342:)
1323:)
1304:)
1283:)
1269:)
1254:)
1229:no
1193:)
1171:)
1148:)
1133:)
1119:)
1103:,
1099:,
1079:)
588:/
518:/
514:/
510::
285:,
281:,
277:,
273:,
269:,
217::
209:,
205:,
201:,
197:,
193:,
156:)
54:;
1627:(
1600:(
1587:(
1554:(
1530:(
1509:(
1495:(
1420:(
1397:(
1338:(
1319:(
1300:(
1279:(
1265:(
1250:(
1189:(
1183::
1179:@
1167:(
1144:(
1129:(
1115:(
1075:(
1046:.
957:.
852:.
751:.
552:.
490::
358:.
338:.
301:.
211:6
207:5
203:4
199:3
195:2
191:1
188::
172:·
166:·
158:·
151:·
145:·
139:·
133:·
128:(
58:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.