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suffix "-ward" as used in
English.. The words "huistoe" and "skooltoe" are only used in phrases to describe motion towards. "Ek gaan skooltoe" translates as "I am going to school" not "I am going to the school". The latter becomes "Ek gaan na die skool" in translation. Similarly "Ek gaan huistoe" would translate "I'm going home", or "I'm homeward bound". As to the question of the source of this specific feature, I cannot be sure. The similarity between the Afrikaans and English examples may be due to both being Germanic languages (with Dutch or German possibly having a similar construct that I am unaware of). It might also show contamination from English itself or by French, though I am unaware of any such construct in the Romance languages.
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min van ons sal die geskiedenis van die wêreld op 'n belangrike manier verander. Individueel kan ons nie oorlog, armoede, hebsug en korrupsie uitroei nie. Ek sal nie 'n geneesmiddel vir kanker uitvind of die opiaatkrisis oplos nie. Maar ek kan myself verander. En deur myself te verander, kan ek 'n groter, meer positiewe impak op my wêreld hê – die een waarin ek eintlik leef.
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shows (as might also be the situation with
English). In this case the postposition just relays (and doubles) the notion of movement towards. Contraction easily accounts for the shortening to "Ek gaan skooltoe". I was unable to find any literature in my school textbooks to ratify any of these possibilities, but hope that I have given at least some clarification.
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magte. My point is, there are general rules for most plurals, they should be mentioned, it shouldn't just be said "Hey most of the
Afrikaans nouns get an e or s stuck after the stem to make them plural, so you can figure it out!". Anyway, I think I'll expand the noun section when I have time, anyone
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Actually that is actually exactly what I meant and why this is just a spelling convention rather a grammatical one. The doubling of the k from "tak" to "takke" is only a matter of spelling, because the word is pronounced the same (with the exception of the plural ending). Same with the deletion of e
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The verb is just 'loop' with toe being a preposition denoting movement towards. Afrikaans does have verbs with separable prefixes . All the examples of these separable verbs that come to readily mind are of
Germanic origin and are not in daily use any longer, except maybe for 'saamgaan/saam gaan' (I
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Ons kan verandering lei en ons wêreld 'n beter plek maak as ons by onsself begin. Om te leer om 'n beter eggenoot, ouer, sakepersoon, leier, verkoopspersoon, filantroop, afrigter en vrywilliger te word, sal my in staat stel om meer by te dra tot my gesin, my gemeenskap en my bedryf. Deur positiewe
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Veranderinge vind plaas op alle vlakke, van eenvoudig tot kompleks; of die minuskule transformasies van ons breinselle na die politieke krisisse wat oor die wêreld afspeel. Sommige veranderinge kan ons bestuur, sommige kan ons beïnvloed, maar realisties is die meeste buite ons beheer. Statisties
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Verandering vind plaas of ons daarvan hou of nie en ongeag of ons iets daaromtrent doen. Môre sal anders wees as vandag. Ons kan weerstand bied, maar dit is 'n bietjie soos om in 'n rivier te staan en die water te probeer terughou - nutteloos. Ons het 'n keuse om te kyk hoe verandering passief
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A last possibility is that of natural evolution. The phrase "Ek gaan na die skool toe" is perfectly acceptable in even current usage (notice that the "toe" in this case is a postposition and not a suffix). I assume that the "toe" is our way of coping with the loss of the case system that
Afrikaans
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ongeag of ons iets daaromtrent doen. Môre sal anders wees as vandag. Ons kan weerstand bied, maar dit is 'n bietjie soos om in 'n rivier te staan en die water te probeer terughou - nutteloos. Ons het 'n keuse om te kyk hoe verandering passief om ons gebeur, of om deel te neem en dit te lei.
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Truly
Afikaans does have "skooltoe" (IPA: /skweltu/ or maybe more accurately /skɔ:l tu/) which does translate as "to school". Afrikaans also has the phrase "na die skool" which is an acceptable translation of the Dutch "naar school". Important to note is that the use of "-toe" is similar to the
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About the preterite form, the page says: "The preterite has been completely replaced by the perfect. Once again, the verb wees is the only exception to this rule, which admits the preterite form was." Immediately after that, there's a list of preterite forms (sou/kon/wis etc.) That's confusing.
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Die meeste mense wat sê dat hulle nie van verandering hou nie, beteken dat hulle nie daarvan hou wanneer dit met hulle gebeur nie, maar hulle gee nie om as hulle die verandering is nie. Ons sal eerder die wisselaar as die verandering-ee wees. Verandering vind plaas of ons daarvan hou of nie en
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Indeed it's not quite that simple, take the word rob (final b is generally pronounced more like a p so ) in plural it becomes robbe (this example is actually from the AWS btw), same thing happens with final d, though can't think of any good examples where d is preceded by 'n short vowel. In
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I am aware that
Afrikaans is a very anylitcal language and that it indeed is relatively simple compared to the other Indo-European languages, but I cannot find a reference to back up this fact. I have accessed the first book referenced in he article using google books, but did not find any
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Diegene met 'n groei-ingesteldheid sien moeilike probleme as uitdagings wat opgelos moet word, en omhels dit met entoesiasme en vasberadenheid. Diegene met 'n vaste ingesteldheid sien moeilike probleme as 'n pyn in die boude en is geneig om op te gee voordat hulle begin. Diegene met 'n
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Does use of the preposition 'toe' at the end of the sentence reflect its role as a separable prefix from the verb. German has a similar use eg. anrufen (to call) ich ruf ihn an (i call him). Is the verb therefore 'toeloop' which is then split into 'loop ... ... ... toe'. Just curious.
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Our present infinitives form that way (they do not necessarily look exactly like the present form), I am not sure why. Though it seems to me now that this is almost exclusively when using the action of a verb as the object of another verb. Maybe somewhat like the Latin
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Does it add anything to have the comparison with Dutch in this article on
Afrikaans grammar? I do not think it does and makes things a bit confusing but I'll wait to see what others think before removing it. Afrikaans does have a cognate of the Dutch
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In the sample-sentence above the last two elements "gebêre" and "om dit weg te pak" is a duplication. It more or less translate to "...were put away (in order) to put it away". I would have replaced "om dit weg te pak" with something different?
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I don't think this has a place here as it is a spelling convention rather than part of the grammar. When a noun ends in a long vowel and then a consonant and the plural is formed with -e, the double vowel spelling is eliminated as redundant, eg
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The question I am afraid proved a little more complex than I originally expected. I would like to answer for you, indeed I enjoy when others show an interest in the language of my mother (though I am not sure if you are still interested in the
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We were taught at school that the all infinitives are of the form "om te ..." which is why I made this comment in the first place. The shortened form that I refer to above is a gerund while the "om te ..." construction is the infinitive.
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The closest reference I could find (online, thanks to google) is on page eleven of the "Routledge
Dictionary of Language and Linguistics" by Hadumod Bussmann, Gregory Trauth, Kerstin Kazzazi. Published by Taylor & Francis, 1996
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It is important to note that
Afrikaans speakers make no distinction in meaning between the preterite and perfect forms. And it is often a difficult distinction to teach young children the distinction when learning European languages.
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and hidden it, replacing each with a citation needed tag. This has been done because we have a reference pointing to a sources that is not recorded in the article. Please feel free to contact me if you need assistance fixing this. -
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Die meeste mense wat sê dat hulle nie van verandering hou nie, beteken dat hulle nie daarvan hou wanneer dit met hulle gebeur nie, maar hulle gee nie om as hulle die verandering is nie. Ons sal eerder die wisselaar wees as die
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Does someone have an example of a sentence that contains everything in STOMPI (Subject, v1, time, object, manner, place, v2, infinitive)? Maybe this is a good example in the article to fully explain what the rule is?
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It's not quite so simple. Let's use the example of "tak" (branch) plural "takke" and compare it to "taak" (task) plural "take". "Takke" retains the short vowel of "tak" while "take" has the long vowel of "taak".
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I doubt a contribution from any other source languages of our Afrikaans pidgin. The other contributory languages do not behave similarly enough grammatically to allow much borrowing other than lexicon.
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To clarify, the page states that the preterite form has been completely replaced by the perfect. This is true for all normal verbs. The only exceptions (as the page states) is the modal verbs
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I have studied Dutch, and my impression on single and double vowels/consonants is that it's generally a spelling convention, depending on which syllable is stressed or something like that.
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The part of nouns discussing how plurals are formed is a bit skeletal in my opinion. It doesn't even state how Afrikaans most commonly creates plurals, such as the removal of a vowel +
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Another thing I would like to see a bit more elaborated upon is possessive adjectives (my/myne, jou/joune, sy/syne/haar/hare, ons/ons s'n, julle/julle s'n, hulle/hulle s'n)...
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I.e. if the plural ends on -s (I think I've seen "kinders" in Afrikaans, for instance), the spelling would be retained, since syllable stress doesn't change.
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are pronouced with exactly the same plural ending. It's the same thing as English changing the spelling of words ending in -y to -ies eg story : -->
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I am a native afrikaans speaker, but would still like having the input of other speakers before editing these comments into the article. --
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different from the majority of European languages - hence my question: was the word order perhaps influenced by a substratum language?
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and they sound very similar, it is just that the word order is slightly different, literally 'Every morning walk I school to'.
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I would appreciate seeing these things added by someone else more capable, but I'll add it if noone else does or want to.
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addition, what of words ending on g? Their plurals are mostly e as well, but its not just adding e then, e.g. vlag -: -->
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Note that just like English, Afrikaans has a short or bare infinitive form that does look exactly like the present form.
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to imply that you are likely wrong with the thought. I would understand though that you no longer have that thought.
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All afrikaans infinitive do not look exactly like the present form, instead there is an infinitive construction:
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Can I use past participles as attributives in Afrikaans as much as in German or Dutch? For example, can I say:
507:/ - not sure how it's written... If true, is this an influence from one of the substratum languages? Thanks.
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Word order in Afrikaans is largely as in Dutch, German and other Germanic languages (including incidentally
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on Knowledge (XXG). If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
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on Knowledge (XXG). If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
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verandering in my lewe in te nooi, deur verandering te inisieer, kan ek dalk ander positief beïnvloed.
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comparative linguistic treatment of the language. I am adding a tag requesting an inline citation.
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groei-ingesteldheid verwelkom verandering terwyl diegene met 'n vaste ingesteldheid dit weerstaan.
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It states "Structurally, Afrikaans demonstrates even more morphological simplicity than Dutch".
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Die man / het / gister / sy skoene / netjies / onder die bed / gebêre / om dit weg te pak.
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am not sure whether it is one word or two) which becomes 'gaan ... saam'. The word(s) mean
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I seem to remember being told that, while Dutch has "naar school", Afrikaans has IPA /
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really a rarely used preterite form in Afrikaans? It doesn't appear in the corpus at
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And why is diminutives not even touched upon? <insert shocked emoticon here: -->
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The correct form of the present (and future) infinitive for the afrikaans verb
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1330:(which is already indicated as archaic in the table of the modal verbs). But
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Die man het gister sy skoene netjies onder die bed gebêre om dit weg te pak.
699:'s page a while ago, thought it might be interesting to put it here aswell:
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stories as opposed to those ending in -ey staying as -eys eg monkey : -->
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I am native Afrikaans and I would not understand if you were to use
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in cases where the noun ends on a consonant, eg. tak (branch) -: -->
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does not appear in that corpus either (except with the meaning
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rûe, another common plural for words ending on g is wag -: -->
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Elke môre loop ek skool toe. Every morning I walk to school.
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S v1 T O M P v2 I
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Perhaps someones who speaks Afrikaans can improve this.
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Why do they use 'om' before 'te' in the infinitive?
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758:(die durchsuchte Wohnung, de doorzochte woning)??
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368:- To have played was an honour.
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362:- I forgot to play (full form)
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1369:meaning worth I understand).
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356:- I like playing (short form)
214:and see a list of open tasks.
109:and see a list of open tasks.
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633:and 'saam' -
632:
629:(from 'gaan'-
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316:"om te speel"
314:(to play) is
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1259:dangling ref
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1253:Dangling ref
1184:82.32.72.129
1162:
1116:82.32.72.129
1103:
1099:
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1073:(tree) : -->
1070:
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951:— Preceding
947:
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112:South Africa
103:South Africa
96:
59:South Africa
40:WikiProjects
1365:as a verb (
1229:CeNobiteElf
1178:—Preceding
1110:—Preceding
1085:(branches).
1015:CeNobiteElf
929:—Preceding
874:payxystaxna
848:payxystaxna
827:payxystaxna
814:desursoekte
760:—Preceding
734:payxystaxna
667:Old English
639:payxystaxna
627:to go along
499:"To school"
485:payxystaxna
400:payxystaxna
374:payxystaxna
1434:Categories
1108:monkeys.
1048:惑乱 Wakuran
1030:惑乱 Wakuran
867:0415203198
703:question).
349:Examples:
1412:Antonieme
818:and not
554:which is
521:skool toe
477:het gehad
217:Languages
208:languages
164:Languages
1180:unsigned
1112:unsigned
953:unsigned
931:unsigned
806:deursoek
762:unsigned
635:together
576:Slightly
564:Booshank
541:Booshank
467:. While
1371:Dag/dog
1004:takke.
605:Ozdaren
505:skweltu
394:gerund.
386:Ozdaren
338:to play
312:"speel"
244:on the
139:on the
30:C-class
697:Jpaulm
584:Jpaulm
509:Jpaulm
266:": -->
36:scale.
1380:With
1308:erase
1296:worth
1144:Roger
1104:takke
1083:takke
971:Nouns
802:) of
781:Roger
631:to go
323:speel
1422:talk
1402:talk
1375:dink
1367:werd
1363:werd
1352:talk
1344:here
1338:and
1332:werd
1312:werd
1300:word
1288:werd
1282:nie!
1280:werd
1268:talk
1233:talk
1188:talk
1148:talk
1120:talk
1102:and
1100:bome
1075:bome
1071:boom
1052:talk
1034:talk
1019:talk
991:and
961:talk
939:talk
904:gren
899:Lund
878:talk
864:ISBN
852:talk
831:talk
822:help
785:talk
779:Yes
770:talk
738:talk
679:talk
643:talk
580:very
552:naar
489:talk
457:Wees
451:and
449:wees
443:and
441:moet
404:talk
340:and
268:edit
1382:had
1340:dog
1336:wis
1328:mog
1324:wis
1320:had
1316:dog
1304:Wis
1302:).
1286:is
1276:wis
1274:Ek
1079:tak
810:is
533:Toe
473:had
461:was
445:mag
437:kan
433:wil
429:sal
236:Low
131:Low
1436::
1424:)
1404:)
1354:)
1346:)
1270:)
1235:)
1190:)
1150:)
1122:)
1054:)
1036:)
1021:)
993:oo
989:uu
987:,
985:ee
983:,
981:aa
963:)
941:)
880:)
854:)
833:)
787:)
772:)
740:)
681:)
645:)
556:na
537:to
491:)
483:--
469:hê
465:is
455:.
453:hê
439:,
435:,
431:,
406:)
398:--
1420:(
1400:(
1350:(
1266:(
1231:(
1186:(
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1017:(
1001:e
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959:(
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909:8
876:(
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850:(
829:(
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783:(
768:(
736:(
677:(
641:(
637:)
487:(
479:.
402:(
329:.
318:.
272:]
248:.
143:.
42::
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