Knowledge (XXG)

Talk:Ecosystem

Source đź“ť

1819:). I think if users are searching for historical information they would be putting in the search field "history of". E.g. "history of water supply and sanitation". So why should history come first, directly after the lead? When you look at the leads themselves, they don't start with history, usually. They are meant to be a good summary of the article but historical aspects are not usually the main focus of any such article from the scientific fields. Terminology can come early, yes, but not history. For this article here, we could actually just rename it back to "Terminology" in that case. Might be better. But overall, I would be happy to "settle at a much higher level than individual pages". Where do you want me to take this to? Which WikiProject, or where else? 2349:
from services). This ecosystem services concept is generally consistent across many indigenous and western knowledge systems. I’d suggest going to the recent syntheses by IPBES for an up-to-date conceptual framework. One way these have been categorized is “provisioning services” (what this paragraph defines as ecosystem goods—food, water, medicines, etc), regulating services (e.g., regulation of climate, water, disturbance and pollution) and “cultural services” which includes sense of place, ecotourism, beauty, etc.. I’d suggest doing some more reading about recent work on ecosystem services before revising this section. I’m not sufficiently up to date on the recent work to provide specific advice.
2341:(including ecosystems) in theoretical terms. This treatment here is in general too brief to be easily understood or to be easily related to other sections. The concepts are also described according to concepts as they were defined about 50 years ago and have evolved considerably in recent decades. I’d be inclined to move the first sentence of this paragraph to the beginning of the third paragraph and delete the rest of the first paragraph. Alternatively, consult some of the more recent treatments of resilience, such as Walker and Salt’s “Resilience Thinking”. We also talk about resilience in our textbook (Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology). 1519:. (2006), p. 522; Smith & Smith 2012, p. G-5". To me that is a little odd. Sure, those books are provided in the section "literature cited" but it is really necessary to provide six references for this? Would one "authoritative" reference be sufficient? In fact, since the lead is supposed to be a summary of the article, then where in the article is this definition explained? We don't have a heading for "definition" or "terminology" - should we have one? We currently have one called "Origin and use of the term" where this could perhaps be included (although User:Guettarda you would prefer this section to be called "history"?). 480: 459: 1588: 1811:, I saw your edit where you had reverted my edit to move history to later. In the edit summary you wrote: "starting with a history section is standard for articles like this. whether the usual layout of articles is good or bad is a question for to be settled at a much higher level than individual pages". Who says it's "standard"? Where is that standard prescribed? I am following the Manual of Style of the hugely successful WikiProject Medicine which has moved history towards the end for all the medicine related articles. For good reason, I think. See 2446:
have the second edition here in front of me now, so I can adjust the page numbers accordingly. Overall, I feel that this article relies too much on one particular textbook: the book by Chapin is cited about 60 times. I find this a little bit problematic, also given that the text book is about "terrestrial ecosystems" whereas this article is about ecosystems in general. So the aspects that relate to aquatic ecosystems are likely to be under weighted in this article. This is something to work on later down the line.
1055: 325: 1104: 587: 1083: 560: 817: 884: 741: 863: 713: 685: 597: 835: 979: 2333:
section. Peter Vitousek’s work on P limitation of ecosystems is the best description of these issues. You might add a paragraph in this section to talk about the role of mycorrhizal fungi that are symbiotic with plants. These fungi use carbohydrates supplied by plant roots and in return transfer organic nitrogen compounds to plants. This pathway of organic nitrogen transfer from dead organic matter to plants is missing from your diagram.
952: 231: 1210: 751: 727: 2501:"To help inform decision-makers, many ecosystem services are being assigned economic values, often based on the cost of replacement with anthropogenic alternatives. The ongoing challenge of prescribing economic value to nature, for example through biodiversity banking, is prompting transdisciplinary shifts in how we recognize and manage the environment, social responsibility, business opportunities, and our future as a species." 989: 379: 358: 1114: 1351: 1270: 1544: 389: 316: 1887:. I saw some of the other articles use the section heading "Origin and use of the term" which I think is clearer than "history"; so it's more of a "definition" section in which case it's alright to be at the start. But a purely "historical" section I would always put towards the end, and that's how I've seen it done for many articles. 1315:
or multicellular (including plants and animals). Most unicellular organisms are classed as microorganisms. The number of cells in plants and animals varies from species to species; it has been approximated that the human body contains roughly 40 trillion (4Ă—1013) cells. The brain accounts for around 80 billion of these cells.
2394:
greatest problem in this section is the lack of coherence rather than incorrect facts.” I didn’t have any great difficulty understanding this section. It could be improved further by adding the terms eurytopic and stenotopic – not sure if these are used much these days – my training began with Eugene Odum’s work.
1311:
MeSH D002477 TH H1.00.01.0.00001 FMA 686465 Anatomical terminology The cell (from Latin word 'cellula' meaning "small room") is the basic structural and functional unit of life. Every cell consists of a cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane, which contains many biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids.
1363: 2425:
I have today added some additional terms under "See also". This is just an interim step because I think ideally they should be introduced in one way or another in the main body, and can then be removed from "See also". This is work in progress. If anyone can help with sentences and references (either
2348:
8. Ecosystem goods and services. I’m not sure it is useful to separate “ecosystem goods” from "ecosystem services". IPBES defines ecosystem services as the benefits that people receive from nature—and these would include what the first paragraph in this section defines as ecosystem goods (as distinct
2324:
2. Energy flow, first sentence. Energy can also be released from an ecosystem through disturbances such as wildfire or transferred to other ecosystems (e.g., from a forest to a stream to a lake) by erosion. The role of disturbance should also be mentioned in the first paragraph under “Decomposition”
1943:
Three years ago you separated statements from their sources, creating several unsourced statements. At the time, I tagged them and asked you to fix them, and walked away from the article because I was trying to minimise conflict. In all that time, you could never be bothered to fix the mess you made.
1318:
Cell biology is the study of cells, which were discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665, who named them for their resemblance to cells inhabited by Christian monks in a monastery. Cell theory, first developed in 1839 by Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, states that all organisms are composed of
2328:
3. Section on decomposition, paragraph 4. The sentence about soil moisture is confusing, because either high or low posture can reduce decomposition, as described nicely in the last paragraph in this section. I would change the sentence to read: “Temperature also affects soil moisture, which affects
1398:
Let's consider moving some of the detail from the lead. The last few sentences of the last and the second to the last paragraph both offer too much detail for an overview. It's interesting stuff, but without an opportunity to fully explain things I believe readers will get discouraged. Right now
1314:
Most plant and animal cells are only visible under a light microscope, with dimensions between 1 and 100 micrometres. Electron microscopy gives a much higher resolution showing greatly detailed cell structure. Organisms can be classified as unicellular (consisting of a single cell such as bacteria)
2461:
I am currently replacing all the old references to Terry Chapin's 2002 book (first edition) with his 2011 book (second edition). While doing so, I have found quite a few statements that had his 2002 book as a citation but that I cannot find in his 2011 book. I am currently consulting with Terry on
2445:
I have changed over from the short reference style to the "long reference" style because I think it's more appropriate and consistent for this kind of article. Furthermore, I am going to replace all the citations to the first edition textbook of Chapin et al. (2002) to the second edition (2011). I
2101:
I would like to revisit some issues that were raised in 2018 but not fully resolved (please scroll up to see what I mean). For example the issue of "types". Would it be sensible to have a section on "types of ecosystems"? This is not my area of expertise but I notice that we have a Knowledge (XXG)
2397:
To improve the section on dynamics I added a sentence explaining resilience thinking and added a reference from SRC (which in turn also includes your recommended reference Walker and Salt) – “Resilience thinking also includes humanity as an integral part of the biosphere where we are dependent on
2340:
6. The section on dynamics is excellent, except for the first paragraph. At the end of the first sentence, I’d suggest changing the wording to “…recovering from past disturbances.” The rest of this paragraph (equilibrium state, resilience, and resistance) describes the dynamics of complex systems
2332:
4. Section on nutrient cycling: last sentence of the first paragraph: It would be more accurate to say that most terrestrial ecosystems are nitrogen-limited in the short term, with availability of phosphorus also being important over longer time scales, as described in the last paragraph in this
2229:
Ecosystems is a huge topic, far too big a subject to cover adequately in a 52,000 character essay, or one even double the current size. There are two basic approaches to attempting to cover such a huge subject in an article that can be read in 15–25 minutes. (1) Provide idiosyncratic coverage in
2393:
You wrote: “The section on function and biodiversity is generally quite unclear (in contrast to the preceding sections, which are very clear). Although individual phrases are generally scientifically accurate, most of the sentences are unclear and there is poor connectivity among sentences. The
2344:
7. In the section about Ecosystem ecology, I’d be inclined to delete the second paragraph that describes different conflicting definitions of ecosystems. It would take more text than you have space for to explain constructively the reasons behind the controversies regarding these definitions. I
2336:
5. The section on function and biodiversity is generally quite unclear (in contrast to the preceding sections, which are very clear). Although individual phrases are generally scientifically accurate, most of the sentences are unclear and there is poor connectivity among sentences. The greatest
2225:
concept that I learned 40+ years ago. The Odum brothers' use of radiotracers was state-of-the-art when I was learning this stuff in school. How far we've gone! I'm struck by the advances in experimental methods. How do we know what we know? How about paleoecological studies? Computer modeling?
2404:
Re ecosystem goods and services –I understand your point around not separating these - but I think people need to understand that ecosystem processes (cf services) are the foundation to providing the goods. I added some explanations about the services which most people take for granted– “The
1310:
Cell (biology) Jump to navigationJump to search Not to be confused with Cell biology. Cell Wilson1900Fig2.jpg Onion (Allium cepa) root cells in different phases of the cell cycle (drawn by E. B. Wilson, 1900) Celltypes.svg A eukaryotic cell (left) and prokaryotic cell (right) Identifiers
2320:
1. Section on processes, paragraph 3, first two sentences. “Potential biota are the biota that are present within the region. I suggest combining these two sentences to read “….potential biota, the organisms that are present in a region and could potentially occupy a particular site.”
2312:). When reaching out to people I am in particular looking for textbook authors who might enjoy teaching others and parting with their knowledge. For this article we contacted Terry Chapin whose textbooks are cited a lot in this article. He sent us comments by e-mail which my colleague 2210:. Sadly nobody had time back then to follow up on it (I don't know who had started the Good Article nomination). These were the recommendations at the time: +++++++ I've spent the past few days skimming the materials that I got from the university library. Mostly I focused on Chapin 2230:
significant detail of just the most important topics, knowing that you're going to miss a lot that people would want to learn. (2) Write the article mostly as a directed set of links. This is the "If It's Tuesday, This Must Be Belgium" approach to writing a Knowledge (XXG) article.
2177:
As there was no answer I have now come up with my own solution, I think it should work: I have called the new section "Examples" where I have listed a bunch of Knowledge (XXG) articles that talk about different ecosystems (similar to the bullet point listing that we have at
1635:
The caption is using ecosystem as a synonym for biome, which is confusing given the content of the article. It also uses Hatcher (1990) to support what it says. Problem is that Hatcher uses "ecosystem" to mean "ecosystem", not biome. So this is doubly misleading.
2405:
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA), a major UN-sponsored effort to analyze the impact of human actions on ecosystems and human well-being, identified four major categories of ecosystem services: provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting services”.
2261:
Treatment in this section is very inadequate. You have no dates, and describe nothing after the mid to late 60's. Modern understanding and methods of research have changed ENORMOUSLY in the last several decades since I studied this stuff in school.
2154:." If those definitions are true then shouldn't this overview article on ecosystem explain the different types? If those definitions are not right or misleading then those two sub-articles ought to be changed. In March 2018, User:Guettarda wrote: 1282: 2352:
9. The sections on ecosystem management and ecosystem degradation are brief but appropriate. There is lots more that could be said (as with every topic in Knowledge (XXG)). I appreciate the cross references to other wikipedia topics.
2345:
didn’t feel that this paragraph provides much insight about ecosystem ecology in a way that would be useful to readers of Knowledge (XXG). I’d suggest moving the last paragraph of this section so that it follows the first paragraph.
2272:
Right now the article stands as about 52,000 characters. To fix these two issues, the article should grow to be maybe, say, around 60,000 characters? +++++++++ Opinions about this by anyone? Anyone able to address those comments?
2633: 2462:
these to determine if they need a different reference, no reference at all or if the statements are incorrect (some of them might have become too simplified over time, after various editors worked on this). Work in progress.
2047:
In general, most articles listed should be mentioned in a sentence or two within the body of the text (if they are integral enough to the topic), or removed (if pretty tangential). It would be a good idea to do here e.g.
1757:"Energy enters the system through photosynthesis and is incorporated into plant tissue. By feeding on plants and on one another, animals play an important role in the movement of matter and energy through the system." 2316:
has now already incorporated in the Knowledge (XXG) article with a number of edits in early July: In general, the Knowledge (XXG) article on ecosystems is excellent. I have only a few minor comments and suggestions:
2382:
You wrote: The role of disturbance should also be mentioned in the first paragraph under “Decomposition”. What sorts of disturbances did you have in mind regarding decomposition? I can think of drought, fire or
2623: 2268:
Late in his life, Jenny recognized human activity as a sixth state factor, but you only mention human activity in the last two sentences? Human-induced ecosystem change is a huge factor in ecosystem processes.
153: 2182:). I think this could work to give people a bit of an overview what's out there; remembering that this is a high level overview article that should point people in the right directions for further reading. 1319:
one or more cells, that cells are the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells. Cells emerged on Earth about 4 billion years ago.
2386:
Re P limitation, I added a reference Vitousek, P.; Porder, S. (2010). "Terrestrial phosphorus limitation: mechanisms, implications, and nitrogen–phosphorus interactions". Ecological Applications. 20(1):
441: 2398:
ecosystem services for our survival and must build and maintain their natural capacities to withstand shocks and disturbances”. I also improved the last sentence in the 1st para so it makes more sense.
2638: 1184: 1064: 962: 694: 570: 2763: 1174: 2534:, I doubt that that is the original source for such a quite generic statement. Perhaps those authors copied from Knowledge (XXG) rather? Or there is another source out there? Perhaps check in 2476:
OK, I have completed this process now and have added the correct references to the 2011 book (second edition). The first edition book is now no longer cited in this Knowledge (XXG) article.
2309: 2156:
These are biomes, not ecosystems. The fact that the term ecosystem is often used very imprecisely doesn't mean we need to follow that convention here. Sure, add a section distinguishing
2768: 1150: 2585: 2515:
My question is, what would be the best way to proceed? Can the citation be inserted anyway, or does the statement need to be removed? If the latter, what could it be replaced with?
2401:
Re section on ecosystem ecology – I carried out the operation you recommended – shifting paras and removal of the one describing controversies surrounding definitions of ecosystems
1812: 1631:
There are many different ecosystems on Earth. Left: Coral reefs are a highly productive marine ecosystem, right: Temperate rainforest on the Olympic Peninsula in Washington state.
2758: 1127: 1088: 1816: 1045: 147: 675: 2019:
Could argue that "Origin and use of the term" is plainer English. I agree that section should be at the top of the body of text as it gives the basic definition.
934: 542: 2733: 1035: 2748: 79: 2698: 2678: 2663: 2552:
Ah, I didn't even stop to consider that the authors of that article could have copied from Knowledge (XXG)!! I could start digging through the references in
825: 665: 532: 2618: 2743: 2718: 2683: 1461:
One of at least two sentence fragments If you look at the ORES score, we went from an article that resembled an FA to one that fluctuates between B and C.
924: 1988:
I would use "concept" instead of "term", since its not about the etymology, as it stands at the moment. How about "Conceptual history" or just "Concept"?
807: 242: 2753: 1011: 1834:
And I've just looked at these related articles and found there is no "standard" about what the heading is called and where in the article it appears:
1375: 1294: 1595: 641: 2723: 2693: 2668: 2648: 1903:
As I'm sure you're aware, the GA nomination failed because of the lack of detail in the history section. I'm not sure how making sure there is even
797: 431: 900: 85: 2628: 2244:
missed a lot of important stuff. I say "unavoidably" because that's just how big this subject is, even taking the approach that you've adopted.
2728: 257: 2708: 2673: 2653: 2608: 1761:
https://en.wikipedia.org/Chemosynthesis#:~:text=In%20biochemistry%2C%20chemosynthesis%20is%20the,energy%2C%20rather%20than%20sunlight%2C%20as
1002: 957: 252: 2713: 2658: 1572: 30: 614: 565: 2226:
Satellite remote sensing? When I learned this stuff 40+ years ago, all we learned about were patterns. Now the emphasis is on processes.
2308:
I am currently involved in a 2-year project where we contact content experts and ask them to review selected articles (more information
1414:
just deleted a few of detail-oriented sentences. Raised the score to (drumroll) 35. More work needed to simplify some of the sentences.
1334: 891: 868: 504: 487: 464: 329: 1132: 623: 496: 248: 99: 2688: 2643: 1974:
please avoid using abbriviations, I cant follow your argumentation because of that. PS: very tense tone in here, thats unnecessary.
1772: 44: 2247:
It would be unfair of me to ask you to fix everything, since that would entail writing at least a 200,000 character article. But I
104: 20: 1139:
articles on limnology- or oceanography-related topics, as well as to ensure that limnology and oceanography articles are properly
2738: 1610: 251:
at the time. There may be suggestions below for improving the article. Once these issues have been addressed, the article can be
2589: 2214:
2011, since I saw that the 2002 edition of their textbook was a major resource for you. But I also read through the Christensen
764: 718: 402: 363: 74: 2703: 2613: 1594:
it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a
2509: 338: 2067: 2030: 1654:, if I am not mistaken your comment from December 2018 has been addressed, right? The caption in the lead image says "Left: 65: 1507:." Correct or not correct? As a reference for this statement we have this "Tansley (1934); Molles (1999), p. 482; Chapin 1146: 637: 508: 609: 168: 2207: 2202:
The Good Article Review from nine years ago in 2012 was mentioned recently on the talk page. This is the review here:
230: 135: 1627:
The lead image caption used "ecosystem" is a way that is inconsistent with the article and the scholarly literature.
844: 500: 2390:
I added increased P availability to the suggested para on N availability re mycorrhizal fungi (plus two references)
2288:
Currently the article's length is 24 kB (3712 words) "readable prose size", so no problem about it being too long.
2240:(2011), Smith and Smith (2012), and a couple of other texts that I got from the university library, I see that you 2123: 185: 1550: 109: 1248: 1136: 627: 211: 2221:
Being an old fogey, I'm rather amazed at the paradigm shifts that have occurred even in such things as the old
1576: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 479: 458: 202: 198: 194: 190: 344: 1495:
Coming back to this exchange from December 2018. Where do we stand on this now? The first sentence says: "An
1330: 1876: 2581: 1776: 1768: 1399:
the lead readability is a 33. Not good. Removing longer sentences with long words can only help that too.
1322: 1140: 631: 129: 1659: 756: 55: 2103: 1727: 1503:
of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment, interacting as a
1326: 1131:
to improve Knowledge (XXG)'s coverage of the inland waters and marine environments. The aim is to write
1010:
on Knowledge (XXG). If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
899:
on Knowledge (XXG). If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
70: 125: 2127: 1663: 1605: 1419: 1404: 2498:
The following statement appears in the "Ecosystem restoration and sustainable development" section:
630:
articles on environment-related topics, as well as to ensure that environment articles are properly
315: 2505: 2007: 1993: 1979: 1949: 1934: 1912: 1723: 1641: 1500: 1485: 1466: 1054: 994: 619: 161: 1480:
This is also incorrect. A community is not made up of living organisms and non-living components.
2553: 2535: 2061: 2024: 1671: 1383: 1354:
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between
1302: 1286: 1273:
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between
1254: 602: 294: 216: 175: 1921:
And FWIW, both of the most closely-related FAs have history sections at the top of the article:
1103: 1082: 586: 559: 2556:
to find something suitable but if another editor wants to take up this task it's fine with me.
816: 2561: 2543: 2520: 2481: 2467: 2451: 2431: 2410: 2358: 2293: 2278: 2187: 2167: 2139: 2086: 1892: 1856: 1824: 1792: 1742: 1707: 1679: 1667: 1524: 1433: 51: 1864: 1250: 1209: 596: 213: 2049: 1860: 1600: 1415: 1400: 1367: 773: 2512:
template, Knowledge (XXG) flagged it as an article that appeared in a predatory journal.
1428:
made some further simplifications but didn't get the readability socre to higher than 35.
883: 862: 740: 712: 684: 2003: 1989: 1975: 1969: 1945: 1930: 1908: 1868: 1808: 1651: 1637: 1481: 1462: 834: 394: 141: 1694:"Ecosystem" is misspelled under the Dynamics section: "When a perturbation occurs, an 2602: 2151: 2078: 2057: 2020: 1880: 1379: 1298: 1119: 1753:
Limiting Error in scope of ecosystem by disregarding chemosynthesis in introduction.
978: 951: 2557: 2539: 2531: 2516: 2477: 2463: 2447: 2427: 2406: 2354: 2289: 2274: 2183: 2163: 2082: 1888: 1820: 1788: 1738: 1703: 1675: 1520: 1429: 1113: 1007: 491:, a collaborative effort to help develop and improve Knowledge (XXG)'s coverage of 378: 357: 1476:
An ecosystem is a community made up of living organisms and nonliving components
2374: 2313: 1884: 1350: 1269: 1449:
Global warming is an alleged example of a cumulative effect of human activities
2337:
problem in this section is the lack of coherence rather than incorrect facts.
1848: 1844: 1655: 1109: 984: 896: 746: 592: 384: 1787:
Can anyone make sense of this comment? Is there anything we ought to change?
2147: 2131: 2111: 2053: 1922: 1872: 1835: 492: 24: 2421:
Most of the terms under "See Also" still need to be mentioned in main text
1929:. And as far as I know, so do other FAs about broad scientific concepts. 1926: 1852: 1722:
It's is used incorrectly in the 'Dymanics' paragraph. It should be its.
2578:
Humans have dramatically changed natural ecosystem around the world .
2135: 407: 2203: 2634:
Knowledge (XXG) level-3 vital articles in Biology and health sciences
2115: 1504: 1252: 769: 215: 2114:
found only on land forms. Six primary terrestrial ecosystems exist:
2377:(from an e-mail) which still need to be addressed in further work: 2179: 2119: 1839: 2593: 2565: 2547: 2524: 2485: 2471: 2455: 2435: 2414: 2362: 2297: 2282: 2191: 2171: 2090: 2071: 2034: 2011: 1997: 1983: 1953: 1938: 1916: 1896: 1828: 1796: 1780: 1760: 1746: 1731: 1711: 1683: 1645: 1616: 1580: 1528: 1489: 1470: 1437: 1423: 1408: 1387: 1338: 1306: 2081:, I agree with you. Please go ahead with your ideas for this. 1538: 1255: 1203: 309: 217: 15: 2624:
Knowledge (XXG) vital articles in Biology and health sciences
2373:
I am also adding here further questions/feedback/thoughts by
2218:
report and skimmed through other textbooks not on your list.
1815:(and we did the same for WikiProject Sanitation as well, see 1053: 833: 815: 683: 2441:
Working on the references and comment about Chapin textbook
2236:
Comparing the subjects covered in your article with Chapin
1907:
of a history section improves this article in that regard.
2198:
Coming back to the Good Article Review from nine years ago
2508:; however, when I tried to insert the citation using the 287: 1159:
Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Limnology and Oceanography
160: 2639:
B-Class vital articles in Biology and health sciences
2162:
So where does that leave us? What do people suggest?
1944:
So yeah, I'm less collegial than I really should be.
1345:
Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
1264:
Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
406:, an effort to create, expand, organize, and improve 1006:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of 895:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of 261:
of the decision if they believe there was a mistake.
2764:
High-importance Limnology and Oceanography articles
2329:decomposition as described in the next paragraph.” 174: 2233:Your article clearly adopts the second approach. 2160:in terrestrial and aquatic systems. But not here. 1698:responds by moving away from its initial state." 1674:." Do you (and others) agree with that caption? 1457:Ecosystems can be studied in two different ways. 33:for general discussion of the article's subject. 2769:WikiProject Limnology and Oceanography articles 1162:Template:WikiProject Limnology and Oceanography 1629: 1535:Semi-protected edit request on 8 October 2018 1474: 1455: 1447: 618:to improve Knowledge (XXG)'s coverage of the 8: 768:, which collaborates on articles related to 2759:B-Class Limnology and Oceanography articles 2204:https://en.wikipedia.org/Talk:Ecosystem/GA1 2579: 1803:Who says that "history" has to come first? 1766: 1077: 946: 857: 707: 554: 453: 352: 266: 225: 1445:That re-write of the lead was not good. 1376:Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment 1295:Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment 2426:new or existing ones), please go ahead. 1020:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject South Africa 726: 400:This article is within the scope of the 2749:Knowledge (XXG) Primary School articles 1374:Above undated message substituted from 1293:Above undated message substituted from 1079: 948: 859: 709: 650:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Environment 556: 455: 354: 313: 2619:Knowledge (XXG) level-3 vital articles 2155: 1128:WikiProject Limnology and Oceanography 1065:Knowledge (XXG) Primary School project 909:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Sanitation 517:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Ecoregions 2097:Revisiting the question about "types" 7: 2734:Low-importance South Africa articles 1737:Seems to have been corrected by now. 1000:This article is within the scope of 889:This article is within the scope of 824:This article is within the field of 762:This article is within the scope of 2699:Systems articles in systems ecology 2679:Top-importance Environment articles 2664:High-importance Ecoregions articles 1165:Limnology and Oceanography articles 782:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Systems 416:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Ecology 343:It is of interest to the following 23:for discussing improvements to the 2744:Unknown-importance PSP SA articles 2719:Low-importance sanitation articles 2684:Sustainability task force articles 1359: 1355: 1278: 1274: 14: 2754:WikiProject South Africa articles 2304:Content expert review (July 2021) 1394:Improving Readability of the lead 1023:Template:WikiProject South Africa 50:New to Knowledge (XXG)? Welcome! 2586:2401:4900:5D43:9810:0:0:824:AA20 1586: 1542: 1362:. Further details are available 1349: 1281:. Further details are available 1268: 1208: 1147:Knowledge (XXG):Contributing FAQ 1112: 1102: 1081: 987: 977: 950: 882: 861: 749: 739: 725: 711: 653:Template:WikiProject Environment 638:Knowledge (XXG):Contributing FAQ 595: 585: 558: 509:Knowledge (XXG):FAQ/Contributing 478: 457: 387: 377: 356: 323: 314: 229: 45:Click here to start a new topic. 2724:WikiProject Sanitation articles 2694:Top-importance Systems articles 2669:WikiProject Ecoregions articles 2649:Top-importance Ecology articles 2002:...or "Conceptual development" 1179:This article has been rated as 1040:This article has been rated as 929:This article has been rated as 912:Template:WikiProject Sanitation 802:This article has been rated as 670:This article has been rated as 537:This article has been rated as 520:Template:WikiProject Ecoregions 436:This article has been rated as 2629:B-Class level-3 vital articles 2138:." We also have an article on 1149:and leave any messages at the 640:and leave any messages at the 503:articles on these topics. See 247:nominee, but did not meet the 243:Natural sciences good articles 1: 2729:B-Class South Africa articles 1646:12:21, 19 December 2018 (UTC) 1490:22:37, 18 December 2018 (UTC) 1471:22:31, 18 December 2018 (UTC) 1062:This article is supported by 1014:and see a list of open tasks. 903:and see a list of open tasks. 695:the Sustainability task force 692:This article is supported by 485:This article is supported by 42:Put new text under old text. 2709:WikiProject Systems articles 2674:B-Class Environment articles 2654:WikiProject Ecology articles 2609:Former good article nominees 2594:06:34, 11 October 2022 (UTC) 2566:16:40, 27 January 2022 (UTC) 2548:23:52, 26 January 2022 (UTC) 2525:19:12, 26 January 2022 (UTC) 1781:03:08, 5 November 2020 (UTC) 1515:. (2005); p. 400; Gurevitch 1388:20:08, 16 January 2022 (UTC) 1339:09:37, 9 February 2022 (UTC) 1307:20:27, 17 January 2022 (UTC) 1125:This article is part of the 785:Template:WikiProject Systems 419:Template:WikiProject Ecology 2714:B-Class sanitation articles 2659:B-Class Ecoregions articles 2486:14:29, 16 August 2021 (UTC) 2208:User:Stigmatella aurantiaca 1617:17:55, 8 October 2018 (UTC) 1581:17:28, 8 October 2018 (UTC) 1565:to reactivate your request. 1553:has been answered. Set the 2785: 2298:04:44, 29 March 2021 (UTC) 2283:01:57, 29 March 2021 (UTC) 2172:01:12, 29 March 2021 (UTC) 2124:temperate deciduous forest 2091:11:55, 28 March 2021 (UTC) 2072:22:11, 27 March 2021 (UTC) 2035:21:57, 27 March 2021 (UTC) 2012:05:16, 27 March 2021 (UTC) 1998:05:14, 27 March 2021 (UTC) 1984:05:08, 27 March 2021 (UTC) 1954:22:30, 26 March 2021 (UTC) 1939:15:27, 26 March 2021 (UTC) 1917:15:23, 26 March 2021 (UTC) 1897:14:59, 26 March 2021 (UTC) 1829:14:49, 26 March 2021 (UTC) 1797:01:22, 29 March 2021 (UTC) 1747:13:48, 25 March 2021 (UTC) 1712:13:49, 25 March 2021 (UTC) 1684:01:21, 29 March 2021 (UTC) 1529:01:19, 29 March 2021 (UTC) 1511:. (2002), p. 380; Schulze 1438:13:00, 30 March 2018 (UTC) 1424:02:14, 21 March 2018 (UTC) 1409:23:25, 20 March 2018 (UTC) 1185:project's importance scale 1156:Limnology and Oceanography 1089:Limnology and Oceanography 1046:project's importance scale 935:project's importance scale 808:project's importance scale 676:project's importance scale 543:project's importance scale 255:. Editors may also seek a 2472:04:01, 23 July 2021 (UTC) 2456:14:11, 16 July 2021 (UTC) 2436:13:18, 13 July 2021 (UTC) 2415:13:15, 13 July 2021 (UTC) 2363:13:05, 13 July 2021 (UTC) 2192:13:01, 13 July 2021 (UTC) 1178: 1097: 1061: 1039: 972: 928: 877: 841: 823: 801: 734: 691: 669: 580: 536: 473: 435: 372: 351: 269: 265: 80:Be welcoming to newcomers 2689:B-Class Systems articles 2644:B-Class Ecology articles 2506:the source of this quote 1732:17:55, 10 May 2020 (UTC) 1003:WikiProject South Africa 2739:B-Class PSP SA articles 2259:History and development 1690:Mispelling - "ecoystem" 1662:marine systems. Right: 615:WikiProject Environment 612:article is part of the 2704:Vital Systems articles 2614:B-Class vital articles 2255:of topics for the GA. 1658:ecosystems are highly 1633: 1478: 1459: 1451: 1058: 892:WikiProject Sanitation 838: 820: 757:Systems science portal 688: 622:. The aim is to write 505:WikiProject Ecoregions 495:. The aim is to write 488:WikiProject Ecoregions 75:avoid personal attacks 2108:terrestrial ecosystem 2106:which starts with "A 2104:terrestrial ecosystem 1366:. Student editor(s): 1285:. Student editor(s): 1057: 1026:South Africa articles 837: 819: 687: 337:on Knowledge (XXG)'s 330:level-3 vital article 249:good article criteria 100:Neutral point of view 2128:tropical rain forest 1877:Biomolecular complex 1664:Temperate rainforest 656:Environment articles 295:Good article nominee 105:No original research 2266:Ecosystem processes 995:South Africa portal 915:sanitation articles 765:WikiProject Systems 610:environment-related 523:Ecoregions articles 403:WikiProject Ecology 2574:Ecosystem Abstract 2554:ecosystem services 2536:ecosystem services 1702:Is corrected now. 1623:Lead image caption 1364:on the course page 1283:on the course page 1242: 1059: 839: 821: 689: 603:Environment portal 410:-related articles. 339:content assessment 270:Article milestones 86:dispute resolution 47: 2596: 2584:comment added by 2251:ask you to fix a 2144:aquatic ecosystem 2140:Aquatic ecosystem 2056:for starters...? 2043:See also sections 1783: 1771:comment added by 1765:pretty lazy imo 1668:Olympic Peninsula 1569: 1568: 1325:comment added by 1261: 1260: 1226: 1199: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1191: 1190: 1151:project talk page 1076: 1075: 1072: 1071: 945: 944: 941: 940: 856: 855: 852: 851: 706: 705: 702: 701: 642:project talk page 553: 552: 549: 548: 452: 451: 448: 447: 308: 307: 304: 303: 224: 223: 66:Assume good faith 43: 2776: 2142:. It says: "An 1973: 1672:Washington state 1613: 1608: 1603: 1598:if appropriate. 1590: 1589: 1560: 1556: 1546: 1545: 1539: 1390: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1341: 1309: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1256: 1212: 1204: 1167: 1166: 1163: 1160: 1157: 1122: 1117: 1116: 1106: 1099: 1098: 1093: 1085: 1078: 1028: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1018: 997: 992: 991: 990: 981: 974: 973: 968: 965: 954: 947: 917: 916: 913: 910: 907: 886: 879: 878: 873: 865: 858: 790: 789: 788:Systems articles 786: 783: 780: 759: 754: 753: 752: 743: 736: 735: 730: 729: 728: 723: 715: 708: 658: 657: 654: 651: 648: 605: 600: 599: 589: 582: 581: 576: 573: 562: 555: 525: 524: 521: 518: 515: 482: 475: 474: 469: 461: 454: 442:importance scale 424: 423: 422:Ecology articles 420: 417: 414: 397: 392: 391: 390: 381: 374: 373: 368: 360: 353: 336: 327: 326: 319: 318: 310: 290: 267: 233: 226: 218: 179: 178: 164: 95:Article policies 16: 2784: 2783: 2779: 2778: 2777: 2775: 2774: 2773: 2599: 2598: 2576: 2496: 2443: 2423: 2370: 2306: 2206:It was done by 2200: 2099: 2050:Novel ecosystem 2045: 1967: 1843:Ecosystem : --> 1805: 1755: 1720: 1692: 1625: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1596:reliable source 1587: 1558: 1554: 1543: 1537: 1396: 1373: 1347: 1320: 1292: 1275:22 January 2019 1266: 1257: 1251: 1217: 1181:High-importance 1164: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1154: 1137:well-referenced 1118: 1111: 1092:High‑importance 1091: 1025: 1022: 1019: 1016: 1015: 993: 988: 986: 966: 960: 914: 911: 908: 905: 904: 871: 826:Systems ecology 787: 784: 781: 778: 777: 774:systems science 755: 750: 748: 724: 721: 655: 652: 649: 646: 645: 628:well-referenced 601: 594: 574: 568: 539:High-importance 522: 519: 516: 513: 512: 501:well-referenced 468:High‑importance 467: 421: 418: 415: 412: 411: 393: 388: 386: 366: 334: 324: 286: 220: 219: 214: 121: 116: 115: 114: 91: 61: 12: 11: 5: 2782: 2780: 2772: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2726: 2721: 2716: 2711: 2706: 2701: 2696: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2666: 2661: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2641: 2636: 2631: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2601: 2600: 2575: 2572: 2571: 2570: 2569: 2568: 2510:"cite journal" 2495: 2492: 2491: 2490: 2489: 2488: 2442: 2439: 2422: 2419: 2418: 2417: 2402: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2388: 2384: 2379: 2378: 2369: 2366: 2305: 2302: 2301: 2300: 2199: 2196: 2195: 2194: 2098: 2095: 2094: 2093: 2044: 2041: 2040: 2039: 2038: 2037: 1965: 1964: 1963: 1962: 1961: 1960: 1959: 1958: 1957: 1956: 1809:User:Guettarda 1804: 1801: 1800: 1799: 1754: 1751: 1750: 1749: 1719: 1716: 1715: 1714: 1691: 1688: 1687: 1686: 1624: 1621: 1620: 1619: 1573:188.123.231.88 1567: 1566: 1547: 1536: 1533: 1532: 1531: 1443: 1442: 1441: 1440: 1395: 1392: 1356:7 January 2019 1346: 1343: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1258: 1253: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1243: 1240:4: 2015 - 2018 1238: 1236:3: 2012 - 2014 1234: 1232:2: 2007 - 2011 1230: 1228:1: 2004 - 2007 1223: 1222: 1219: 1218: 1213: 1207: 1201: 1197: 1196: 1193: 1192: 1189: 1188: 1177: 1171: 1170: 1168: 1144: 1124: 1123: 1107: 1095: 1094: 1086: 1074: 1073: 1070: 1069: 1060: 1050: 1049: 1042:Low-importance 1038: 1032: 1031: 1029: 1012:the discussion 999: 998: 982: 970: 969: 967:Low‑importance 955: 943: 942: 939: 938: 931:Low-importance 927: 921: 920: 918: 901:the discussion 887: 875: 874: 872:Low‑importance 866: 854: 853: 850: 849: 840: 830: 829: 822: 812: 811: 804:Top-importance 800: 794: 793: 791: 761: 760: 744: 732: 731: 722:Top‑importance 716: 704: 703: 700: 699: 690: 680: 679: 672:Top-importance 668: 662: 661: 659: 635: 607: 606: 590: 578: 577: 575:Top‑importance 571:Sustainability 563: 551: 550: 547: 546: 535: 529: 528: 526: 483: 471: 470: 462: 450: 449: 446: 445: 438:Top-importance 434: 428: 427: 425: 399: 398: 395:Ecology portal 382: 370: 369: 367:Top‑importance 361: 349: 348: 342: 320: 306: 305: 302: 301: 298: 291: 283: 282: 279: 276: 272: 271: 263: 262: 234: 222: 221: 212: 210: 209: 206: 205: 181: 180: 118: 117: 113: 112: 107: 102: 93: 92: 90: 89: 82: 77: 68: 62: 60: 59: 48: 39: 38: 35: 34: 28: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2781: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2740: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2725: 2722: 2720: 2717: 2715: 2712: 2710: 2707: 2705: 2702: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2617: 2615: 2612: 2610: 2607: 2606: 2604: 2597: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2573: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2550: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2528: 2527: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2513: 2511: 2507: 2502: 2499: 2493: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2474: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2460: 2459: 2458: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2440: 2438: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2403: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2371: 2367: 2365: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2315: 2311: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2286: 2285: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2270: 2267: 2263: 2260: 2256: 2254: 2250: 2245: 2243: 2239: 2234: 2231: 2227: 2224: 2219: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2176: 2175: 2174: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2159: 2153: 2152:body of water 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2110:is a type of 2109: 2105: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2075: 2074: 2073: 2069: 2066: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2042: 2036: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2017: 2016: 2015: 2014: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2000: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1986: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1971: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1942: 1941: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1919: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1901: 1900: 1899: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1881:Macromolecule 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1832: 1831: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1785: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1763: 1762: 1758: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1735: 1734: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1700: 1699: 1697: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1650: 1649: 1648: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1632: 1628: 1622: 1618: 1615: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1597: 1593: 1585: 1584: 1583: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1564: 1561:parameter to 1552: 1548: 1541: 1540: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1493: 1492: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1477: 1473: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1426: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1412: 1411: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1393: 1391: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1371: 1369: 1365: 1352: 1344: 1342: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1327:Poornima B 12 1324: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1290: 1288: 1287:Billyroberson 1284: 1271: 1263: 1246: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1224: 1221: 1220: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1205: 1202: 1186: 1182: 1176: 1173: 1172: 1169: 1152: 1148: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1129: 1121: 1120:Oceans portal 1115: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1101: 1100: 1096: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1080: 1067: 1066: 1056: 1052: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1037: 1034: 1033: 1030: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1004: 996: 985: 983: 980: 976: 975: 971: 964: 959: 956: 953: 949: 936: 932: 926: 923: 922: 919: 902: 898: 894: 893: 888: 885: 881: 880: 876: 870: 867: 864: 860: 848: 846: 845:vital article 836: 832: 831: 827: 818: 814: 813: 809: 805: 799: 796: 795: 792: 775: 771: 767: 766: 758: 747: 745: 742: 738: 737: 733: 720: 717: 714: 710: 697: 696: 686: 682: 681: 677: 673: 667: 664: 663: 660: 643: 639: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 616: 611: 604: 598: 593: 591: 588: 584: 583: 579: 572: 567: 564: 561: 557: 544: 540: 534: 531: 530: 527: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 489: 484: 481: 477: 476: 472: 466: 463: 460: 456: 443: 439: 433: 430: 429: 426: 409: 405: 404: 396: 385: 383: 380: 376: 375: 371: 365: 362: 359: 355: 350: 346: 340: 332: 331: 321: 317: 312: 311: 299: 297: 296: 292: 289: 285: 284: 280: 277: 274: 273: 268: 264: 260: 259: 254: 250: 246: 245: 244: 238: 235: 232: 228: 227: 208: 207: 204: 200: 196: 192: 189: 187: 183: 182: 177: 173: 170: 167: 163: 159: 155: 152: 149: 146: 143: 140: 137: 134: 131: 127: 124: 123:Find sources: 120: 119: 111: 110:Verifiability 108: 106: 103: 101: 98: 97: 96: 87: 83: 81: 78: 76: 72: 69: 67: 64: 63: 57: 53: 52:Learn to edit 49: 46: 41: 40: 37: 36: 32: 26: 22: 18: 17: 2580:— Preceding 2577: 2514: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2444: 2424: 2368:Further work 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2307: 2271: 2265: 2264: 2258: 2257: 2252: 2248: 2246: 2241: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2228: 2222: 2220: 2215: 2211: 2201: 2157: 2143: 2107: 2100: 2064: 2046: 2027: 2001: 1987: 1966: 1904: 1857:Organ system 1806: 1767:— Preceding 1764: 1759: 1756: 1721: 1695: 1693: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1599: 1591: 1570: 1562: 1551:edit request 1516: 1512: 1508: 1496: 1479: 1475: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1397: 1372: 1360:9 April 2019 1348: 1321:— Preceding 1317: 1313: 1291: 1267: 1214: 1200: 1180: 1126: 1063: 1041: 1017:South Africa 1008:South Africa 1001: 958:South Africa 930: 890: 842: 803: 763: 693: 671: 613: 538: 486: 437: 401: 345:WikiProjects 328: 293: 288:July 9, 2012 258:reassessment 256: 241: 240: 236: 184: 171: 165: 157: 150: 144: 138: 132: 122: 94: 19:This is the 2375:User:ASRASR 2314:User:ASRASR 2242:unavoidably 2102:article on 1885:Biomolecule 1773:2.29.48.108 1279:24 May 2019 1141:categorized 647:Environment 632:categorized 620:environment 566:Environment 253:renominated 148:free images 31:not a forum 2603:Categories 2223:succession 1849:Population 1845:Biocenosis 1660:productive 1656:Coral reef 1555:|answered= 1453:Not true. 1416:PlanetCare 1401:PlanetCare 1368:Schneidl12 906:Sanitation 897:Sanitation 869:Sanitation 514:Ecoregions 493:ecoregions 465:Ecoregions 300:Not listed 2383:flooding. 2158:processes 2148:ecosystem 2132:grassland 2112:ecosystem 2079:Cas Liber 2058:Cas Liber 2054:biosphere 2021:Cas Liber 2004:Nsae Comp 1990:Nsae Comp 1976:Nsae Comp 1970:Guettarda 1946:Guettarda 1931:Guettarda 1923:Evolution 1909:Guettarda 1873:Organelle 1836:Biosphere 1652:Guettarda 1638:Guettarda 1592:Not done: 1571:Ecostyms 1501:community 1497:ecosystem 1482:Guettarda 1463:Guettarda 333:is rated 237:Ecosystem 88:if needed 71:Be polite 25:Ecosystem 21:talk page 2582:unsigned 2504:I found 2494:Citation 2068:contribs 2031:contribs 1927:Genetics 1853:Organism 1769:unsigned 1724:VWScully 1718:Spelling 1696:ecoystem 1380:PrimeBOT 1335:contribs 1323:unsigned 1299:PrimeBOT 1215:Archives 186:Archives 56:get help 29:This is 27:article. 2558:Msoul13 2540:EMsmile 2532:Msoul13 2517:Msoul13 2478:EMsmile 2464:EMsmile 2448:EMsmile 2428:EMsmile 2407:EMsmile 2355:EMsmile 2290:EMsmile 2275:EMsmile 2184:EMsmile 2164:EMsmile 2136:deserts 2083:EMsmile 1889:EMsmile 1821:EMsmile 1789:EMsmile 1739:EMsmile 1704:EMsmile 1676:EMsmile 1666:on the 1521:EMsmile 1430:EMsmile 1183:on the 1133:neutral 1044:on the 933:on the 806:on the 779:Systems 770:systems 719:Systems 674:on the 624:neutral 541:on the 497:neutral 440:on the 413:Ecology 408:ecology 364:Ecology 335:B-class 278:Process 154:WP refs 142:scholar 2253:couple 2238:et al. 2216:et al. 2212:et al. 2146:is an 2116:tundra 1865:Tissue 1505:system 963:PSP SA 341:scale. 281:Result 239:was a 126:Google 2387:5–15. 2180:coast 2150:in a 2120:taiga 1883:: --> 1879:: --> 1875:: --> 1871:: --> 1867:: --> 1863:: --> 1861:Organ 1859:: --> 1855:: --> 1851:: --> 1847:: --> 1842:: --> 1840:Biome 1838:: --> 1607:ucard 1559:|ans= 1549:This 1517:et al 1513:et al 1509:et al 1499:is a 1145:Read 636:Read 608:This 322:This 169:JSTOR 130:books 84:Seek 2590:talk 2562:talk 2544:talk 2521:talk 2482:talk 2468:talk 2452:talk 2432:talk 2411:talk 2359:talk 2310:here 2294:talk 2279:talk 2188:talk 2168:talk 2087:talk 2062:talk 2052:and 2025:talk 2008:talk 1994:talk 1980:talk 1950:talk 1935:talk 1925:and 1913:talk 1905:less 1893:talk 1869:Cell 1825:talk 1817:here 1813:here 1793:talk 1777:talk 1743:talk 1728:talk 1708:talk 1680:talk 1642:talk 1612:16♫♪ 1602:♪♫Al 1577:talk 1525:talk 1486:talk 1467:talk 1434:talk 1420:talk 1405:talk 1384:talk 1358:and 1331:talk 1303:talk 1277:and 1175:High 1135:and 772:and 626:and 533:High 507:and 499:and 275:Date 162:FENS 136:news 73:and 2530:Hi 2249:can 2077:Hi 1807:Hi 1670:in 1557:or 1378:by 1297:by 1036:Low 925:Low 798:Top 666:Top 432:Top 176:TWL 2605:: 2592:) 2564:) 2546:) 2538:? 2523:) 2484:) 2470:) 2454:) 2434:) 2413:) 2361:) 2296:) 2281:) 2190:) 2170:) 2134:, 2130:, 2126:, 2122:, 2118:, 2089:) 2070:) 2033:) 2010:) 1996:) 1982:) 1952:) 1937:) 1915:) 1895:) 1827:) 1795:) 1779:) 1745:) 1730:) 1710:) 1682:) 1644:) 1579:) 1563:no 1527:) 1488:) 1469:) 1436:) 1422:) 1407:) 1386:) 1370:. 1337:) 1333:• 1305:) 1289:. 961:: 843:A 569:: 201:, 197:, 193:, 156:) 54:; 2588:( 2560:( 2542:( 2519:( 2480:( 2466:( 2450:( 2430:( 2409:( 2357:( 2292:( 2277:( 2186:( 2166:( 2085:( 2065:· 2060:( 2028:· 2023:( 2006:( 1992:( 1978:( 1972:: 1968:@ 1948:( 1933:( 1911:( 1891:( 1823:( 1791:( 1775:( 1741:( 1726:( 1706:( 1678:( 1640:( 1575:( 1523:( 1484:( 1465:( 1432:( 1418:( 1403:( 1382:( 1329:( 1301:( 1187:. 1153:. 1143:. 1068:. 1048:. 937:. 847:. 828:. 810:. 776:. 698:. 678:. 644:. 634:. 545:. 511:. 444:. 347:: 203:4 199:3 195:2 191:1 188:: 172:· 166:· 158:· 151:· 145:· 139:· 133:· 128:( 58:.

Index

talk page
Ecosystem
not a forum
Click here to start a new topic.
Learn to edit
get help
Assume good faith
Be polite
avoid personal attacks
Be welcoming to newcomers
dispute resolution
Neutral point of view
No original research
Verifiability
Google
books
news
scholar
free images
WP refs
FENS
JSTOR
TWL
Archives
1
2
3
4
Former good article nominee
Natural sciences good articles

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

↑