484:
this matter, stating that "all supporters of the Finno-Ugric theory are immediately labeled as treasonous. We're simply tired of fighting this hopeless fight against crackpots/lunatics." Unfortunately, for many, the acceptance of the Finno-Ugric theory immediately means some sort of treason. which makes it impossible to discuss these problems in an intelligent manner. Another serious problem is the academics' refusal to popularize their point of view. Only professor KĂĄroly RĂ©dei has taken up the burden of debunking these dilettant theories in a language understandable to non-professionals. Itâs telling that RĂ©dei teaches in Wien (Austria) so he has less reason to fear attacks from
Hungary. The worst scenario could be when even the sensible moderates on the political right start accepting and supporting these self-contradicting myths. This would lead to two separate theories on the origins of the Hungarian language, one for the political left and one for the political right, which never happened in the past.
2391:
assumption, did not deny a remote
Hungarian-Turkic genetic link but merely argued that Hungarian was more closely related to Ugric, a term that for Budenz included the Finnic languages. Budenz held that 28% of his Hungarian items have genetic Turkic cognates & another 7% are Turkic loanwords; he claims, however, that 62% of the items are purely Ugric (ie, Finno-Ugric). As the comparative method was still in its infancy, it could not be properly applied; eg, Budenz never articulated phonological criteria for his judgments. A comparison with K. Redei's Uralisches Etymologisches Worterbuch (Uralic Etymological Dictionary) shows that 52% of Budenz's correspondences are incorrect, 28% are purely Uralic, & 20% are Uralic with links outside the Uralic languages, eg, to Turkic or Yukaghir."
2501:
Certainly not enough material to write a "criticism" article, like I suggested earlier. It appears that the field is so riddled with cranks that it is shunned by serious linguists for fear of being counted among them. Also, to appease the nationalist crusaders, we could mention, like on the excellent jolaakso page, that a language group is no evidence for racial or cultural unity. The next step for AFU is still to report numbers of cognates on swadesh lists. I expect these numbers will be rather low, and will thus demonstrate that Finnic and
Hungarian are not closely related. Why do we not have these numbers, AFU? This would be a much better use for your time than wasting ours.
450:"In Hungary there is a highly charged political debate between academics who support the finno-ugric theory and their usually (far) right wing critics. You are correct that there is very little serious debate in the linguistic community. But in Hungary the debate is not linguistic, it's political. We've reached a point where Hungarian academists rarely dare to speak up and criticise the proponents of alternative theories lest they be charged with being "Anti-Hungarian" and "serving foreign interests" by "trying to hide the true origins of our language" (exactly the kinds of rhetoric Antifinnougric repeats).
2526:
split than PIE. Even impressionistically, I have yet to see two Finno-Ugric languages that look as different from each other as, oh, English and
Armenian... However, the lack of early records (nothing comparable to Sanskrit or Latin for Uralic!) is an obstacle. Besides, Indo-European, like Semitic, has received such incredibly disproportionate attention, over centuries, from historical linguists for cultural reasons that it's slightly unfair to compare any other language family to it. -
1015:
The adjective is followed by a noun (e.g. "my book", "your book") while the pronoun is not ("mine", "yours"). It is the same difference as between a demonstrative adjective and a demonstrative pronoun (e.g. "that book" vs. "that"). It may be that the reason these are often confused is that in many languages they are identical (e.g. Italian "il mio libro" vs. "il mio"; "questo libro" vs. "questo"). Many languages do not have either possessive adjectives or pronouns because â as
3096:
Why that strange modification? Not two characters are on the same position in those words, and they sound very different. Was the old
Finnish person drunken and forgot his own language? Or the other way around? Why would anybody believe such phantastic, unbelievable tales? I could not see any prove, not the lightest for this tale. Has anybody seen any? If not, why does anybody believe in that strange theory? Antifinnugor 11:02, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
5536:
31:
827:) may not be omitted. Does anyone know something more detailed about the personal pronoun issue? I could well believe that the original/genuine absence of personal pronouns is the actual feature of the language group, instead of the "verbs inflected by person" property. (e.g. English, German or Russian do this as well but there are personal pronouns and they have to be used!)
84:, who is clearly a psychopath (as evidenced by his rantings) and whose only source is some totally unscientific drivel published on the Web by a crackpot named "Dr. LĂĄszlĂł MarĂĄcz" (surely not a doctor in Linguistics), does NOT mean that this subject is disputed. I thought there was a procedure for barring trolls from the Knowledge (XXG), but apparently it's not working.
2555:
Proto-FU to 2000 BC, and for the following 3000 years, anything might have happened... As for the
English-Armenian argument; well, that's why I say "most members of IE". I think of Armenian as rather pathological ;o) But of course, at some point, two languages appear "totally different" on the surface, and this point has been reached by both Finno-Ugric and IE branches.
561:
joining any developing "Altaic nationalism" seen as dangerous to the regime, and preferred to have them associate (ironically, correctly) with the Finns. The backlash of this would be even more ironical ("the
Soviets tried to keep us from this, so it must be correct"). That's just my speculation, however. Somebody needs to research the history of this. Very interesting.
2343:
be misleading to future researchers. If one is to establish a language family within the framework of the conventional
Comparative Method, one must begin with a reconstruction of relevant areas of morphology, & the reconstruction of at least the top node, the proto-language. Neither of these elements has to this day been properly implemented in Uralic studies."
455:"The alternate theories range from relatively moderate supporters of Turkic origins of the Hungarian language to truly radicals supporting Sumerian and even Japanese origins. Usually the closer the proponents of a theory are to the fringes of the political spectrum the more off the wall their theories and the more agressive their rhetoric become."
505:
reasons. Finnufrists & uralics call people, who see the invalidity of these artificial groups lunatics and troll and psycopat and whatever words they can create in their hate. They censor every time Mr. Maracz article here, they censor every real critic. They (finugorists & uralists) live in an irreal world, that is their problem.
2888:Ćs is in the same row as the English word father, even though Ćs does not mean father in Hungarian. Do you understand now the problem? Summarized: The problem is the English word in front of the row, that means something completely different, than the Hungarian word. The table is incorrect, as it is. Is that clear, bachman?
819:, it is dicussed if personal pronouns exist in the Uralic language family at all). Contrary to that, Finnish does feature personal pronouns but I once read that they might have been introduced due to heavy influence of the neighbouring IE-languages. At least the 3rd person singular/plural pronouns hÀn/he (hÀn kÀvel
4440:
illustrates words being quite different in form from the other in a line. The word "father", Finnish isÀ, could be a cognate of the
Hungarian word Ćs (ancestor), but the correct Hungarian word for father is apa. The other problematic word pair is suoni-Ă©r /=vein/. Duo to the completely different word
2623:
PFU must be later than maybe 2500 BC. But how do we tell if the loanword is actual Proto-Indo-Iranian, and not rather late satem-PIE? But I realize that we say "west of the Ural", and I say "unknown" in "Criticism". I think "is believed" (by whom?) should be replaced with something more non-commital.
627:
Thanks for your warning, Nyenyec. :) But do we really have to "stay on linguistic territory"? After all, the page is about the Finno-Ugric languages, in all aspects. Certainly the most important aspect is linguistic, but historical and political aspects of the language grouping are legitimate too.
569:
Actually the story begins even earlier, with the
Habsburg (Austrian) rule in the 19th century. The first proponents of the Finno-Ugric theory in Hungary were all German born (an often cited fact by the critics). Budenz and Hunfalvy (the two main proponents) were targets of accusations (repeated until
291:
Yes, Mk270, you're absolutely right, in fact, incomplete lexical diffusion may have some of the characteristics of lexical borrowing among related dialects. But, that's all "second-year stuff", as it were. Here we're trying to stick to the basics. This raging debate, as you must know, involves people
3213:
Yes. (I was that anon.) Her name is Kaisa HĂ€kkinen. This particular article name is translated, 'About the situation and problems of the etymological research of the Finno-Ugric languages', and the book/anthology means 'Structure and development of modern Finnish 2'. The complete data for the latter
3095:
So the dogma even gets more phantastic (nobody proved anything, as usual): the Finnish word suoni was originally Ăn (tendon), and got later the meaning vein. And, to make the thing more interesting, they invented the word jennĂ€ for vein, which now had no name after this strange meaning-modification.
2887:
Bachman, you can so long explain a wrong table, as you like, it remains wrong and incorrect. Once again very slowly: The Hungarian word Ăn has absolutely nothing to do with the English word vein, and these two words are in the same row. Do you understand, what is the problem? Also the Hungarian word
2500:
sadly, after all this time, no real evidence for notability of FU criticism has surfaced. The article should probably note that the evidence for relationship is rather weaker than for e.g. Indo-European, and that a Ural-Altaic group is sometimes advanced, on even weaker grounds. But that's about it.
2342:
ABSTRACT by author: "One must always make a clear distinction between things that one has demonstrated with evidence, & things that one has not. Sometimes the latter might be a valuable pointer for further research, however it must be clearly labeled as speculation, because to do otherwise would
2057:
When I reverted Antifinnugor's usual changes, I left in the "list of ground words" that she added. I don't think they are relevant here, since they don't illustrate anything about the Finno-Ugric language grouping. They aren't cognates or anything. But I'll leave it to a linguistic expert to make
1470:
Well, in that case, the Finnish structure is very close to the Hungarian one, in fact it matches exactly the Turkish structure I have discussed above, i.e. 'I'-Genitive suffix + 'dog'-Possessive suffix. Can anyone comment on the Estonian and Sami examples quoted above by Hippophaë? Do those forms of
1014:
Just to be absolutely clear about the terminology, English "my", "your", etc. are possessive adjectives rather than pronouns. While this is a minor point in terms of the present discussion, it is worth clarifying. The difference between a possessive adjective and a possessive pronoun is very simple:
483:
One could say that the proliferation of off the wall theories after the silencing of all criticism in the years of socialism could be considered natural. What's truly scary is the aggressiveness of the proponents of said theories. A professor at a department of Finno-Ugristics refused to comment on
382:
Is it the case that most of the words in a row of the table do in fact have the same meaning? If not, we should remove the English column. I like what ] did with "Ăn (means sinew/tendon)". Are there other words in the table that don't translate to the indicated English word? They could be marked
2622:
no, it's just that a millennium is about the precision of these estimates. We might say: Proto-FU: probably 3rd millennium, PIE, probably 4th millennium. It may also be (late) 4th for PFU and (late) 5th for PIE, I don't think anyone can say. If there are really Proto-Indo-Iranian loanwoards in PFU,
2317:
I do support a separate in-depth article about the objections to the theory. Of course, the article title should be spelled right, to begin with. Then, the objections naturally need to be qualified as hypothetical and/or minority opinion. I reproduce below the evidence of serious work disputing the
1134:, etc. are declined, then they clearly are independent possessive pronouns (what I was referring to as just "possessive pronouns"). Hungarian lacks determinative possessive pronouns (what I was referring to as "possessive adjectives") because it uses possessive endings which serve the same purpose:
610:. What I'm trying to say is that you'll open up a Pandora's box if you try it here. I warned you... And all I said before is off the record :), I was just trying to explain the intensity of this issue to people who seem to be surprised how strongly some Hungarians feel about this linguistic debate.
582:
A debate began at the end of the 19th century between Budenz and Våmbéry about the Finno-Ugric or Turkic origins of Hungarian. This was the Ugric-Turkic war, also discussed in Angela Marcantonio's book more than a hundred years later. Anyway, the issue had a strong political aspect even back then.
542:
The initial work was done by Joseph Budenz (sp?). It was later found to be highly flawed, and was corrected and extended by . During the Soviet occupation of eastern Europe in the twentieth century, critics of the Finno-Ugric theory were repressed for political reasons. (Why exactly did the USSR
353:
examples. The article says that the table of cognates "illustrat the sound laws". I have no idea what that means. Is it possible to explain an example or two, in such a way that anyone who speaks English could understand? Explaining a Finno-Ugric example would naturally illustrate the fact that
3275:
somebody provided the examples "Afro-Asiatic, or Sino-Tibetan" in addition to Indo-European, in the criticism section. I am not so sure that this was well done, because both Afro-Asiatic (as opposed to Semitic) and Sino-Tibetan are afaik disputed, and rather on the same standing, evidence-wise, as
3102:
could you maybe not break up my comments with your interspersals? And also, you may take me from your hitlist again. What I said is not my own theory, and I would never claim to be competent enough to decide about which FU words are cognate. I was only, like you should be doing, pointing out the
135:
I don't get it. We have an outspoken critic of the FU hypothesis here. It ist true that the family is not undisputed. Somebody even dug up references for you. Yet we still don't have a decent "criticisms" paragraph. It seems you prefer to mess with the swadesh list and repeat your rantings, rather
126:
Pasquale, I never saw any argumentation from you other than troll and psychopat. Obviously you are one, and try to pass your characteristic to others. Are you really so unqualified? Dr. MarĂĄcz article is important one, he is a linguist, and not a psychopat, like you. Please do not censor articles
2802:
This is how it looks correctly. If the words in the table do not match the English ones, people are badly informed, and this is therefore a bad table. Also the English words after the Hungarian ones suggest, these are Hungarian words, which is absolutely confusing. If a vikipedia editor believes,
2554:
later, probably opening a gap between Proto-Language and earlies attestation at least as large as in the IE case. I was not aware of the "honeybee". This should by all means be included (because it not only gives a hint to the date, but also to the location of the Proto-Language). This still puts
1550:
well, the point of the Swadesh list is to give cognates, if extant. Hence AFU's constant sinew/tendon reversions (because, obviously, he cannot be expected to grasp the concept). Of course, nobody is assuming genetic relationship on Swadesh grounds alone, without morphological comparisons. It's a
560:
that is highly unpopular in India because it became associated with British colonialism. I also wonder why the Soviets would care. You would rather think they would try to bring the Magyars to identify with other "soviet peoples", i.e. Altaic. Maybe they were trying to prevent the Hungarians from
2525:
A judicious comment, but I would dispute one point: while Uralic is a bit more distant, it has been established that Finno-Ugric is a tighter grouping than Indo-European: Proto-Finno-Ugric contains specifically Indo-Iranian loanwords (notably "honey", "honeybee"), indicating a much later date of
209:
vis-Ă -vis a 'd' in Latin, Greek, Sanskrit, Balto-Slavic, etc. It's part of Grimm's Law. These laws are by definition exceptionless, although there may subsets of exceptions accounted for by subrules, such as Verner's Law within Grimm's Law, or restricted phenomena such analogy (which has its own
5455:
common grammar except of the Sumerian type of agglutination, which is also characteristic for Turkish, Basque, Persian, Etruscan, Armenian and other languages, and therefore it is unlogical and counterproductive to classify them into this artificial, in reality by nothing justified mini groups.
5454:
language groups say, that the languages of these "groups" are clearly related by agglutination and the features, that are common among the Turanian (Sumerian) agglutinating languages. What the criticizers maintain is, however, that these artificial mini groups have very few words common, and no
2716:
Meryan and Muromian were most probably Finno-Mordvinic languages. They may have belonged to the Mordvinic languages, the Finno-Lappic languages, or they may have formed a separate language branch or language branches within the Finno-Mordvinic languages. As hardly anything is known about those
2390:
ABSTRACT from Cambridge Scientific Abstracts. "The notion of a unique Finno-Ugric genetic node is challenged in a reexamination of the evidence widely held to have established it: 119 Hungarian lexical correspondences put forward during the 1870s by Jozsef Budenz, who, contrary to a widespread
618:
very interesting. I would love to have this article, but for "Finno-Ugric languages" it may indeed be better to stay on linguistic territory. You know, Hungary is great and all, but I think nobody would have to be ashamed of a common heritage with the Finns, either. If I was Finnish, I think I
169:
Personally, I welcome the addition of sets of cognates, but with a caveat. Apparently, it leads fools to think that they are supposed to see outward, superficial similarities among the forms cited as cognates, when in fact the determination of sets of cognates has absolutely nothing to do with
504:
Nyenyec, the point is, that this artificial little group has no common features of any kind. No common words except perhaps 8 or 10 words, no common grammar except of agglutination. It come to existence for political reasons, and now it tries to claim, that it will be eliminated for political
296:
is a member of the Finno-Ugric language family hurts some people's national pride. Amazing? Ludicrous? Unbelievable? Downright offensive? I agree, but I have no explanation for it. And, no, you're not taking the side of (not mine, please!) this page's one and only opponent, as I don't believe
1510:
01:42, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC) Go and follow the links to the Swadesh lists. Unbelievable. For some reason, terminating long vowels are removed inconsistently. It's like the compiler had a Finnish dictionary and a mild case of dyslexia. In addition, there are recent words like "person" in the list;
669:
Hippo: vein is Ă©r in Hungarian. If you add words, should do that correctly. Please only ONE word for one notion. Your many words are confusing and senseless. List of similar words in these languages are typically full of mistakes, just check the internet. The wikipedia should not be that bad
648:
and how those debates have been hijacked by non-linguists with a nationalistic political agenda, who insist on pushing their claims in spite of overwhelming evidence to the contrary, but notice that neither of those debates involves the denial of a well-established genetic, language-family
127:
and throw your hate to your surroundings. This is senseless, characterizes only you and does not help anybody. If you have objections, please tra to express them objectively and argue. Your hate harms you, and primarily you. If we want to barr trolls, the first candidate are you. Thanks,
556:"as come to be seen as anti-patriotic or even treasonous": add "by the nationalist right-wing fringe". By all means, we need this section. Even a separate article maybe. So "Finno-Ugric" became associated with "Soviet occupation" in Hungary? That's interesting, and comparable to the
2206:
Hippo, if possible, please do not demonstrate your unscrupulousness, primitivness and wildness, and unability to think by reverting again. Especially leave the reference in to the critic of these groups. Then we can avoiding your primitive reverting orgias in the future. Thanks.
3581:, like family words (mother, father, brother, sister), words for body parts, like eyes, leg, hand, foot, neck, etc., words for living environment like house, grass, way, path, and the like, household tools like fork, bottle, and vessel, and foods like bread, fat, corn, and meat.
2744:
should not be placed in the classification tree, because their status is not clear enough. It would be more sensible not to put them somewhere in the tree but to give more information on them and their vague status within the Finno-Mordvinic languages below in the same chapter.
3081:
Like that you can easily prove, that the English word table is the same, than the German word Schule. They are in fact more similar, than Ăn and souni. Just invent a 'proto language', no matter, that it never existed, add a bit hate, a bit defamation, so easy is that, bachman.
1872:
It has probaly a better English word. Please name it. I call ground words the parts of the body, eye, nose, ear, leg, hand, the family like father, mother, brother, sister,, the living environment, like house, way, sea, that people living in a simple environment, for sure use.
1471:
the noun meaning 'dog' also contain a possessive suffix? If so, the section of the article can be revised accordingly. It then becomes clear that the Uralic morphology which replaces the "determinative possessive pronouns" closely matches the corresponding Altaic morphology.
933:
I hoped someone around here would know more - I have unfortunately forgot where I've read that - some Google hit on the Finnish language and its history - but it might as well be incorrect. Though, couldn't "hÀn" resemble the Swedish "han/hon" 3rd person singular pronoun?
3293:
Well, this may be my POV speaking, but, while I too have heard people like Campbell, who have never studied either family, calling them "unproved", I am frankly at a loss for why. Extensive etymological dictionaries of both are easily available, by strict Neogrammarians
1564:
Hippo, whenever I put the list of some simple ground words onto the page, you delete. Do sou shame the Finnish language, your mother tongue? By parroting about my "incompetence" and other personal insults again me you only reveal your simple mindedness and ill behaviour.
1023:
of the personal pronouns, strictly speaking the equivalents of "of me", "of you", etc., but with a case ending instead of a preposition; e.g. Japanese "watashi" ("I")Â : "watashi-no hon" ("my book"), where the suffix "-no" is the equivalent of a genitive case ending.
1852:
These are not arbitraryly selected words, but ground words, I took from a linguistic book. The parts of the body, the family, the living environment. If you have an other selection, please list the words, and we can use also them, if they are ground words. Thanks,
605:
issue. The population in Hungary (including several WP editors) is highly polarized. Think pro-life vs. pro-choice intensity and then some. This is the very reason why Hungarian WP editors don't address current political issues in the Hungarian Knowledge (XXG)
4027:
The vocabularies of the Finno-Ugric or Uralic languages are very different. The differences suggest that the people who spoke these languages' ancestors (if any) never lived together, and also suggest, that the grammatic similarities are consequences of the
3508:
into a redirect to this page. I did, and AFU called me a vandal for that. I want to make sure this is not perceived my personal interest, and restrain myself from reverting for the moment. That I leave the page be for now is no endorsement of its existence.
3584:
These language categories came into existence at the end of the 19th century and were created by foreigners (no Finns, Estonians, Hungarians or others whose languages are categorized to be in this group). In Hungary the linguist who promoted this group was
2019:
has lots of Swadesh lists. Perhaps one reason for having them there is that they can easily link words in the list to definitions. Anyway, it would be kind of silly to have a Finno-Ugric list here when all the others are at Wiktionary. Note that someone
3180:
Ok, hipo, you center of my heart, thanks. One learns every day. Why do you write also jÀndek? Why do you write ten words for two in the cognates table? Are they different cases? Nominativ will be compared only with nominativ, as you probably do not know.
420:
in the LemminkÀinen's rescurrection scene, this change of meaning is better explained. Ancient belief was such that the veins were woven: they were more like ropes. In this context, it makes sense that in Finnish, rope-like things inside the body were
3918:
has and uses 6 levels of endings (håz, håzak, håzaké, håzakéi, håzakéié, håzakéiétól /=house, houses, belongs to houses, belong to houses, belong to objects, that belong to houses, from objects, that belong to objects, that belong to houses/),
3036:
they do not mean the same thing anymore. Now I suppose this statement could be disputed, but it is certainly not addressed by simply pointing out that they do not mean the same thing today. The implication is that there was a word in PFU that
2405:
This is of course no endorsement of AFU's edit warring. But AFU or no AFU, the theory is disputed by intelligent people as well as by cranks. So far we only have this Marcantonio to cite, but surely the articles contain other references
962:
There are no possessive pronouns in Finnish at all. They have never existed nor introduced to the language. Instead of possessive pronouns (my, your, his, her, etc.), the genitive of the personal pronouns is used to express possession.
841:
This statement is correct and I think there is no reason to change it. It is also valid for Indo-European languages, but there are many languages in which verbs are not inflected by person, e.g. Chinese (and other isolating languages).
2048:
There are not many of these words, and few of them are undisputed; perhaps the most certain case is nimi (name). The words vesi (water), myydÀ (to sell) and nainen (woman) are also considered to belong to this stratum of loanwords."
689:
The finish Hungarian word list is not specific finish words with this or that origin, but fundamental words, that are contained in every language. Please do not delete them, they illustrate both languages elementar, original words.
79:
I don't believe the NPOV warning belongs here, because there is absolutely no serious scientific dispute about the status of the Finno-Ugric language family. The fact that this page has been under attack for the past few weeks by a
1890:(which should get its own article) relies on 200 (or 100?) specially chosen words of the 'basic vocabulary' assumed to change slowly over time. This assumption is one of the criticized points of the approach. fwiiw, a Swadesh list
2545:
I admit that my comments are aimed at accomodating the critics (e.g. the emphasis of "does not imply racial unity", of course a linguistic commonplace). I agree that Proto-FU would have been much later than PIE, but of course the
923:'s hazy recollection, "I once read that might have been introduced due to heavy influence of the neighbouring IE-languages". Obviously one should find a reliable source to support this claim, or remove it from the article. --
703:
indeed. (*yawn*) AFU, you are making a fool of yourself. Each and every of your statement makes it painfully obvious you have not the slightest idea of linguistics. Take some university classes and come back in a year or two.
597:
There is an ongoing effort on the Hungarian pages to write about these language groups, the alternative theories and the political aspects of the question. So far with little success, the articles don't seem to stabilize yet.
578:
and especially the history of the daco-romanian continuity theory. Of course many people don't realize or accept that there is no direct connection between the origins of a language and the origins of the people speaking it.
814:
I think that it would be better to write that the usage of the inflected word itself is sufficient in the Finno-Ugric languages and thus a personal pronoun is not needed (if there exist any: On the Talk page of the article
1460:, at least, contains both a pronoun in the genitive case (minun) and a pronominal possessive suffix (-ni). I don't know the analysis of the other two, but surely the possessive suffixes should be commented on here. -
3053:"sinew". Now of course we should state the exact changes that led to both words. So far, they are absent from the article, but some of them may be "glimpsed" from comparing the words: most prominently, the initial
1439:"Just to be absolutely clear about the terminology, English "my", "your", etc. are possessive adjectives rather than pronouns. While this is a minor point in terms of the present discussion, it is worth clarifying"
1918:, listing exactly the 200 words proposed by Swadesh, and come back with a number how many of them are cognate. It is poitless to list unrelated words under a heading "Common vocabulary". ] 13:01, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
570:
today) that they conspired with the Habsburg court in Wien to supress all national pride in the Hungarians by relating them to the "fish-smelling" people in the North, who never built an empire - they didn't have
262:; and so on and so forth. The regularity of sound change is one of the most basic principles in the application of the comparative method. For a wonderfully detailed, yet brief, introduction, see Calvert Watkins,
3205:
Thanks! I added this reference to the references section of the article. Do you have Hakkinen's first name (or at least initial)? Also, someone should provide translations for the article and journal titles.
4444:
This table also illustrates, that especially the so called ugric group has very big differences to Hungarian, even though the theory says, they are linguistically nearer to Hungarian, than others in the whole
3596:
very different (Finnish and Estonian European, Nordic, Lappic Mixed, North European and Asian, Hungarian European mixed, others Mongolian), this indicates, that these people have never lived together (except
5416:: Buot olbmot leat riegĂĄdan friddjan ja olmmoĆĄĂĄrvvu ja olmmoĆĄvuoigatvuoĂ°aid dĂĄfus dĂĄssĂĄsaĆŸĆŸab, Sudhuude kea addib huervnu ha ianedivdym ha vyigjat gakget neabbydut gyunnuudeaset gyivdy vuekhakaĆĄ vuoinnain.
1902:, however, it should by all means be quoted as "common vocabulary". After all, the section here is entitled not "Swadesh list" but "Common vocabulary", so I ask AFU to stop his inappropriate replacement of
1836:
words does nothing to disprove a language relationship. I could cite any number of unrelated words between English and German. The task is to find as many related words as possible, and then judge those.
2999:
Actually, the explanation is helpful to all us non-linguists in the audience. I still don't know what "illustrating the sound laws" means. Could someone explain that, either here or in the article? --
1844:
I do not want to disprove relationship, I know, because it is evident thru agglutination, that Hungarian and Finnish are related. I just want to show, that these groups (fu/uralic) are nonsense groups.
3589:, who learned Hungarian when he was 23 years old, and was never able to speak it on the level of a native speaker. The categories came into existence for political reasons and not for linguistic ones.
574:
back then ;). The origins of a people's language were important for the definition of the national identity. It is still important to many people. You can find parallels closer to Hungary than India:
547:
I'm sure there's a lot more that could be said on the topic. For example, reasons why it's a popular issue. I don't think Americans ever felt the same way about English being a Germanic language.
2777:
I removed the NPOV warning just now. I think whatever problems there might have been have recently been addressed. If you disagree, please put the warning back and state your objections here. --
683:Ăn is not vein in Hungarian.Ăn is leader/sinew/tendon in English, but not vein. Please stop including erroneous words. Or correct the English word and the others also. Your list is simply wrong.
2125:) to something like (based on ). This scheme would require making the References a numbered list. But I think such a scheme would scale well for having lots of in-text references. Comments? --
3224:
It should be noted that these reconstructions are, at best, 30 years old. Later research may have proceeded. Incidentally, K. HĂ€kkinen has published an etymological dictionary of modern Finnish,
2803:
that suoni and Ăn are somehow relatid, should try to prove that. Father and Ă”s's relation is somewhat more believable by looking at the words, this can be also mentioned. Thank for fixing that.
2430:
I would ask AFU to recognize that both his English skills and his conviction prevent him from writing acceptable articles. I invite him to continue to contribute towards the inclusion of his pov
903:
Come to think of it, perhaps the last two paragraphs of the intro section should be split off into a "Structural features" section. The features could get expanded explanations and examples. --
949:
That's just a coincidence. Finnish "hĂ€n" is of Finno-Ugric or even Uralic origin. It is etymologically equivalent to Estonian "end, enda", North Sami "son", Erzyan "son", Hungarian "Ć", etc. --
1320:
Pasquale, I hope I haven't been offensive. But German is my native language and I'm sure that "Das ist mein." as well as "Das ist alles mein." are wrong. (More precisely "Das ist alles mein"
700:
2042:"Some loanwords are shared by several Finno-Ugrian languages, and the oldest-established loanwords can in fact be identified as having passed from Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Finno-Ugrian.
2475:
review linked above thoroughly debunk Marcantonio. Both reviews say a little about the history of the Finno-Ugric classification that might go in the article. --00:12, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)
1437:
The usage of the pronoun is similar to the usage of adjectives, which are inflected differently, depending on whether the described noun appears in the sentence or not. You have written
467:
aspects of the Finno-Ugric group. If the political controversy is really so intense that "academists rarely dare to speak up and criticize", then it's worthy to be mentioned somewhere.
855:
The Uralic languages have personal pronouns but no possessive pronouns. At least I haven't heard there were possessive pronouns in any Uralic language, but correct me, if I'm wrong. In
2410:). Also, what we are talking about is not scholars disputing the Finno-Ugric relationship, but rather proposing a Finno-Ugric-Turkic group (i.e. Hungarian would be related with Turkic
337:
Had this fool ever studied any linguistics at all, he would know that what counts most is having a correct understanding of the methodology, not which language group you apply it to.
297:
incomplete lexical diffusion is what he had in mind. He keeps asking the same two questions, which no one can answer, of course, for the simple reason that they make no sense at all.
4493:
3397:
5422:: Minden emberi lĂ©ny szabadon szĂŒletik Ă©s egyenlĂ” mĂ©ltĂłsĂĄga Ă©s joga van. Az emberek, Ă©sszel Ă©s lelkiismerettel bĂrvĂĄn, egymĂĄssal szemben testvĂ©ri szellemben kell hogy viseltessenek.
2590:
The "Urheimat" of the proto-language of the modern Finno-Ugric languages, known as Proto-Finno-Ugric, is believed to have been to the west of the Ural mountains, some 5000 years ago.
803:
ok, but that is hardly notable. It would be hard to find a language that doesn't do this (ok, it's eroded in English, but even English retains 3rd sg, and archaic 2nd sg, endings)
5404:: Kaikki ihmiset syntyvÀt vapaina ja tasavertaisina arvoltaan ja oikeuksiltaan. Heille on annettu jÀrki ja omatunto, ja heidÀn on toimittava toisiaan kohtaan veljeyden hengessÀ.
5410:: KĂ”ik inimesed sĂŒnnivad vabadena ja vĂ”rdsetena oma vÀÀrikuselt ja Ă”igustelt. Neile on antud mĂ”istus ja sĂŒdametunnistus ja nende suhtumist ĂŒksteisesse peab kandma vendluse vaim.
3627:
agglutinating languages listed, including Turkish, Persian, Basque, etc. Here we call Turanian agglutinating languages those languages that reside along the emission line of the
3341:
Fair point. The status of Omotic does seem to remain rather debatable; I've looked at Omotic a bit, and those languages are really remarkably different from any of the rest. -
2856:(gasp) gets the point of the table. Or, if anybody is capable of this, it would be even cooler to give the reconstructed PFU word, with its recoustructed meaning, for each row.
2478:
how sad. Especially the "looming marginalisation of historical linguistics" part. Still, I suggest a short "Criticism" section where we mention both the book and its debunking.
3886:
even if the sentence clearly indicates that plurality, Hungarian uses the plural inflection only if plurality were otherwise unclear. Example: five boys = öt fiĂș (five boy) in
686:
Please argue, your deleting terrorism is senseless. Obvoiusly you will continue this forever- let's see, who has more patience, the terrorist hippo, or the rest of the world.
2397:
Thus, the claims Antifinnugor advances (whether they are accurate or not), are noted and reviewed in academic journals. I think that is the requested evidence of notability.
5428:: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
1114:
I am sorry. It may just be that my terminology is obsolete (at least as far as the Knowledge (XXG) is concerned). I was using "possessive adjectives" as an exact synonym of
3177:
The Finnish word for "sinew" and "tendon" is "jÀnne" (*jÀndek) not jennÀ. Please be more careful with the orthography. The etymological counterpart is "ideg" in Hungarian.
2709:
and Muromian be included? They were spoken in the area between Mordvinian and Estonian, but I doubt that anything is known about these languages, except from place names.--
3505:
3389:
3696:). For Hungarian foreign linguists (e.g. B. Collinder) created "cases", but these are unused in Hungarian grammar, since counterproductive for understanding and learning.
2361:
270:(the explanation of the reconstruction of the Proto-Indo-European word for 'daughter-in-law' is extremely instructive). Incidentally, the Knowledge (XXG) article on the
3849:
verbs can easily express, doing something repeatedly or only once for a short time. (csavar-csavargat-csavarint /= sqeeze, squeeze repeatedly, squeeze once, shortly/).
628:
Maybe some history could be added (Budenz and Hunfalvy), without getting into the modern intense political issues. (Hungary-specific issues are more relevant on the
3481:
640:
How about an article on the "Sociopathy of Language Family Affiliation" and add a link to this page as an illustration? Personally, I am quite familiar with the anti-
170:
surface similarities, but rather with the application of the rules of phonological change in the history of each specific member of the language family. Consider the
3431:
it is also what I have done now. the VfD outcomes were 'no consensus', arguably a correct inclusionist interpretation of the vote. The page could still be needed,
284:
I don't want to be seen to be taking the side of your opponent(s?) here, but sound changes are not exceptionless, if they proceed by incomplete lexical diffusion.
3201:, SKS 1984. It gave reconstructions only for the 28 words that appear in all Finno-Ugric languages and whose etymology was uncontested in earlier literature.
397:
pointed out in the article, there's a better meaning for the English column: it's a translation of the original word that the cognates are all derived from.
144:
criticism of the theory (and no, the criticism is no "ITS NOT TRUE! LIES!". There is serious criticism, and it would be heard, if you presented it decently).
2300:
I wrote the critical page for this page, and hippo permanently deletes the link to that. I hope, too, that this this may not remain to be the case forever.
5438:
are clearly very similar, their speakers understand each other in great parts. The others are quite far in appeareance and vocabulary from the above ones.
3007:
sure. it is an admission that the actual sound laws are still missing from this article, and that some may be guessed from the table. To take the famous
1949:
Finnish and Hungarian are not the only Finno-Ugric languages; the table should also include Estonian, North Sami, Erzya, Meadow Mari, and Komi at least.
92:
Hear hear! (Although I must admit it's been entertaining to watch.) I only disagree with one tiny part of the above: this page has been attacked by a
3276:
FU.(more precisely, not AA as such is disputed, but which languages to include, and which not to) But this may be nitpicking, and I don't really care.
495:
Nyenyec, you found a truly "independent" newspaper, that is well known of his dirty, unobjective and pornographic style. This is really fascinating.
2035:
Finnish seems to have borrowed heavily from IE languages during the ages, even including vocabulary for such basic concepts as "water" and "mother".
859:, personal pronouns are often omitted, because the personal suffix indicates the person and there is no need to repeat it. The 3rd person singular
516:
is correct that the cited magazine (Magyar Narancs) is leftwing ans is taking sides in matter (the Finno-Ugric side). However the points, that:
2078:
Foreign language titles should be presented with an English translation, in parentheses next to the original, for regular mono-lingual readers.
1486:
Estonian and North Sami have no possessive suffixes (any more). In Finnish, the personal pronoun can be omitted and you can also say "koirani"
1247:"Das ist mein." is not a correct German sentence. If "mein" is used without a substantive, it has to be inflected for gender. i.e: Das ist mein
662:
Please do NOT delete the selected ground words. What you do is simply terror. Also do not censor the links. Are you so afraid of the truth?
5564:
2811:
Neither father nor ancestor are on the table, and the cognacy of suoni and Ăn has been proved to Encyclopedia Britannica's satisfaction. -
2085:
In particular, I wonder where the "list of cognates" came from. Possibly it's from one of the cited references, but I can't tell which. --
59:
3363:
2937:
I think there are many more people like him where he came from, and we'll just have to live with reverting the article from time to time.
2984:
If anybody is capable of this, it would be even cooler to give the reconstructed PFU word, with its recoustructed meaning, for each row.
2799:
English Finnish Hungarian vein suoni Ă©r tendon jĂ€nne Ăn father isĂ€ apa ancestor esi-isĂ€ Ă”s
3435:
substantial material accumulates in the "Criticism" section in this article. Until that happens, these pages should just be redirects.
459:
That sounds like an interesting issue in itself, one that should be covered in Knowledge (XXG). Possibly it should be covered on the
3898:
goes one step ahead in this concept, and does not build plural at all, uses double words instead, e.g. I see hills = I see hill-hill.
677:
Hippo, please do not delete: - Mr. Maracz link - Finnish-Hungarian ground word list - The text of the critic. It is short, but true.
157:
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3257:
3250:
3243:
3218:
2280:. If you continue to refuse accepting this deal, and if you continue to violate policy, this may not remain to be the case forever.
1063:
Maybe I misunderstand something, since I'm not a linguist. But in Hungarian the (for the lack of a better word) possessive pronoun
2903:
specifically for AFU, right at its beginning. If this is not enough, I don't think anything can be done to make him get the point.
3309:
ok, I admit I am innocent about any knowledge of Sino-Tibetan. A Chinese linguist told me it is disputed, but that may have been
979:
In English (German, Russian, etc.) you cannot say "I's dog", "you's dog", "he's dog", "she's dog", but you have to use separate
153:
It seems to me as if Antifinnugor is the one introducing POV to this article, for instance replacing "believe" with "point out"
2438:
like mark did, so we can duly note the opinions of these scholars. Any other mode of contribution of AFU has proven fruitless.
425:, whereas in Hungarian it differentiated to another rope-like thing, the tendon. Actually, the Finnish word means also "lode".
3232:
3120:
Well, this is the way, I can make remarks exactly to the ones, I want to answer. How would you answer your single thoughts?
1943:
the list contains Germanic and Baltic loan words, e.g. hammas, Àiti, meri etc.; one should use original Finnish words instead
1067:(mine) is declined. Thus nom. enyém, acc. enyémet, dat. enyémnek, gen. enyémé, etc. However, enyém, tiéd (yours), etc. are
379:
doesn't mean they have the same (or even similar) meaning. I've tried to explain that a little in the text above the table.
5494:
Marcantonio, Angela & Pirjo Nummenaho & Michela Salvagni (2001): 'The "Ugric-Turkic Battle": A Critical Review'. In
2463:
by Johanna Laakso. It is a book review of Angela Marcantonio's "The Uralic language family. Facts, myths and statistics". --
325:
Well, pasquale, you better try to concentrate here to agglutinating languages. Your ie cognates are here of not much value.
5031:. They are there with cyrillic letters, in this table you can see their latin form following the Hungarian phonetic rules.
2000:. Compound words would anyway be not the sort of words we are interested in because they are usually coined more recently.
1915:
3015:
case, the claim is, not mine but apparently the specialists', that these words have a common source in the Proto-Language,
538:
I think the article should have a section on the history of the Finno-Ugric classification. Here's a bare-bones outline:
2311:
3359:
2011:
of "Swadesh list" would be appropriate. An actual Swadesh list should be on Knowledge (XXG). ] 10:45, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
3500:
It is against WP policy to have two articles about the same subject. This is what the page is at the moment. This is
2219:, and thus in violation of WP policy, and showing you for the edit warrior you are. I am glad for Hippo's janitorial
1299:
occurs also as an independent possessive pronoun (as a predicate uninflected for gender). Or is that not the case?
5552:
5543:
47:
38:
17:
4047:
from across the Uralic family, which may serve to give an idea of how big are the differences in these languages.
3978:
680:
What you do is blind terror. Are you really that primitive, and without arguing, you just eliminate others work;
3860:
2784:
I put it back, since it is still discussed. Please only remove, if everybody agrees withthe contents. Thanks.
2094:
916:
649:
connection. So, here we have reached new heights in paranoia and phanta-linguistics. Thanks, Knowledge (XXG)!
543:
care?) Recently in Hungary, the Finno-Ugric grouping has come to be seen as anti-patriotic or even treasonous.
307:
Well, you can go to Google and type these five words: "erku two regular sound change" and read what comes up.
3392:. Regrettably, some of the information listed there simply contradicts assertions made in this article and in
349:
It might be nice to put something of the above explanation in the main article. You'd have to change it from
728:
What does that mean? Could someone provide examples in Hungarian and Finnish, with translations to English?
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5074:
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2121:
Thanks for the translations! I'm considering changing the reference that Mustafaa added from (based on the
890:
292:
who know little about linguistics, but apparently have some political axe to grind. Apparently, saying that
271:
171:
1894:
simply take the normal words for these 200 items and compares them. If a word has changed its meaning from
5481:
Marcantonio, Angela (2004) 'What Is the Linguistic Evidence to Support the Uralic Theory or Theories?' In
3362:, and has room to be expanded, it is certainly at least "Knowledge (XXG) average in regard to defects" as
2333:
Marcantonio, Angela (2004) 'What Is the Linguistic Evidence to Support the Uralic Theory or Theories?' In
1964:
I corrected the spelling errors and added possible cognates. Is this in line with the general practice? --
476:
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2039:
5469:
3473:
2255:
here, for once, I must admit you have a point. I assumed you were under the impression of using reason.
2071:
1071:, unlike mein in german. Hungarian lacks determinative possessive pronouns, as discussed above, we say
1044:
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641:
557:
460:
372:
3491:
I think these were the issues for which AFU felt it necessary to create a separate "Ctitique" article.
3415:
well, you don't need to be an admin to make it a redirect to this article. Which is what it should be.
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594:. Supporting the Finno-ugric theory was supposedly strengthening the "brotherhood" with these nations.
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128:
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is missing from the Hungarian words, so one change that I do glimpse is that apparently, PFU initial
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1142:'my dog'. This type of morphology is obviously quite different from the Finno-Lappic data cited by
645:
575:
194:
3946:
2965:
Your hate and defamation is somewhat boring, bachman. As your incorrect tables and reverting are.
5096:
Here are the numbers from 1 to 10 in Finnish, Estonian, North Sami, Erzya, Mansi, and Hungarian:
4557:
4527:
4465:
4458:
3678:
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2852:
Maybe the 'English' column should go, and each FU word should be given with its meaning, so that
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2726:
2710:
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1123:
1119:
1115:
1100:
1080:
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992:
980:
443:
293:
1922:
1043:
page clearly states that "my" is a possessive pronoun, too. Also, recently I wrote this on the
416:
might mean a sinew. However, if you check the Finnish Kalevala, particularly what it says about
3648:
3895:
3718:
3567:
3295:
3254:
3247:
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3215:
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2001:
1442:
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920:
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175:
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2994:
I notice that the table is patiently explained, specifically for AFU, right at its beginning.
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4532:
4507:
4502:
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3945:
a, (pronounced as a sound between a and o), e, Ă, Ăł, Ăș, Ă”,Ă», gy, ty, ny, z, zs, c (noted by
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1147:
988:
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816:
587:
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reverts, as is everybody else here. You should recognize that your reasoning has convinced
5066:
4547:
4517:
3235:), aimed also for the general public. There's also the linguistic etymological dictionary
2460:
2021:
1946:
some words are already in the other list on the same page, there is no need to repeat them
1530:
Also, the Swadesh list uses single words, which is a broken method. For example, the word
1216:
984:
793:
112:
Thanks, Dbenbenn, I stand corrected. My Knowledge (XXG) terminology is still developing.
5515:
5039:
2725:
I agree, and I have included them as such. I hope an expert will add the info there is.--
4441:
form they are clearly no cognates, therefore is the word (Ă©r) is put into parenthesis.
3577:
The words of the Uralic and Finno-Ugric languages are very different. This includes the
4542:
4512:
4007:
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By the way, people who watch this page might be interested in expressing an opinion at
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such a family, but it does seem to be disputed which languages exactly are part of it.
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275:
205:. As you learn in a beginner course in Historical Linguistics, English regularly has
113:
105:
85:
3041:
meant "vein", and after going through several sound-changes, it ended up as Finnish
2459:
Before you refer to any publications by Angela Marcantonio, please read the article
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2918:
to get an erronous table good? bachman, it is incorrect. As incorrect, as you are.
1887:
611:
591:
531:
488:
435:
266:, The American HeritageÂź Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. 2000.
3605:
and the Mongolian people), and the grammatic similarities are consequences of the
3550:. But agglutination also occurs in non-Finno-Ugric and non-Uralic languages, like
2248:
Why are you so sure? I am not at all. Which reasoning do you mean, if any at all?
526:
proponents of finno-ugrist theories are labeled as treasonous and "Anti-Hungarian"
5047:
4492:
for better orientation. The concept of basic words is explained in detail on the
3835:, /vĂĄr- vĂĄrok, vĂĄrom, ... /= wait, wait for something/) that are also unknown in
3796:, Hungarian has both determinate (the=a,az) and indeterminate (a = egy) articles.
304:
Hmmm, "Erku" seems like a remarkable sound shift. What is the evolution of that?
5551:
If you wish to start a new discussion or revive an old one, please do so on the
5520:
5447:
5043:
4446:
3989:
3535:
3485:
3388:
Also, I'd like to ask people with a background in linguistics to take a look at
3138:
exactly that is what I am doing. I am just a wiki editor, nothing more or less.
1538:
means "great". In Estonian, only the latter is in use. Result? Contrast between
46:
If you wish to start a new discussion or revive an old one, please do so on the
3302:, for instance), and their similarities are obvious even on the face of it. -
3261:
2830:
2379:
Marcantonio, Angela (2001) 'The "Ugric-Turkic Battle": A Critical Review'. In
886:
285:
3195:
Suomalais-ugrilaisten kielten etymologisen tutkimuksen asemasta ja ongelmista
3129:
let it be my private business. I can decide myself, whom I talk with and why.
893:, which is the term (as I understand it) that applies specifically to verbs.
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1283:) is a perfectly good German sentence. It just has a different meaning than
5505:
The Untenability of the Finno-Ugrian Theory from a Linguistic Point of View
3777:
Grammatical differences among languages of the Finno-Ugric and Uralic Group
1441:- I believe this suits well for German too, and it is still a minor point.
463:
page. After all, there's nothing to say the page should only be about the
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and vice versa. At the beginn of a word they typically do not use double
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1965:
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479:("Political occultism in Hungary") by Andras ZsuppĂĄn (translation mine):
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for certain discussed languages can be compared and contrasted at the
2040:
http://virtual.finland.fi/netcomm/news/showarticle.asp?intNWSAID=25830
1914:(which is not cognate). AFU, if you want to be useful, go and build a
1546:. Totally borken. And the issue of dialect wasn't even mentioned yet.
5451:
4450:
3883:
3734:
3667:
3644:
3555:
3539:
1940:
isa, puhekykky, sairaanhoituja, and nemÀ are not Finnish words at all
1324:
is colloquial and old-fashioned.) Please look at the following table
375:, the English column could be confusing. Just because two words are
3863:, (Ăr, megĂr /=writes, writes and finishes it/) that are unknown in
2007:
what? We have tons of "list of..." articles on WP. On Wictionary, a
274:
includes no sets of cognates. Anyway, sorry for being long-winded.
267:
193:
is exactly accounted for by the laws of sound change that lead from
4494:
Talk:Critique_of_Finno-Ugric_and_Uralic_language_groups#Basic_Words
2796:
Both the finnougric and the uralic page contain wrong word tables.
788:
Here is a cool site with all ways of inflecting a verb in finnish:
3821:
does not have a have verb in the sense of have in "I have a dog",
3761:
3472:
The issues Antifinnugor raised when he put the "attention" tag on
2706:
571:
81:
5510:
5035:
3757:
and Persian the last syllable is accented, with a few exceptions.
5393:
are the words, that are very unsimilar to the rest of the line.
2595:
That is, 3000 BC. Which date is wrong? (Or am I confused?) --
530:
I think are correct. I think even Antifinnugor agrees to these.
3977:
Dual, which means, besides singular and plural there is also a
2717:
languages, it it impossible to classify them more carefully. --
1295:). It is the former that I had in mind. My point was just that
885:. I've added your explanation to the article. I also changed
523:
this very aspect makes true scientific dialog almost impossible
189:, etc., although it bears no resemblance to them. But Armenian
5530:
3489:
3150:
1933:
This list makes no sense here and it contains several errors:
1039:
Sorry guys, but this is getting more and more confusing. The
154:
25:
3358:
I removed the {{attention}} tag. Although the article isn't
3313:
pov. As for Afro-Asiatic, well, it is undisputed that there
4498:
4049:
3504:
practice, but not permissible on WP. I ask editors to make
1952:
Knowledge (XXG) is not a dictionary, use Wiktionary instead
1921:
If you want to do a Swadesh list, do it in the Wiktionary
1574:
867:
can also be omitted, if it is clear who is referred to. In
3737:
is typically on a fixed word position, once in a word. In
3728:
the verb "have" either not existing or seldom used, as in
3546:
The primary grammatical similiarity of these languages is
3193:
I took the reconstructions initially from HĂ€kkinen (1979)
3049:
changes, both of sound and meaning, ended up as Hungarian
3022:
In the proto language, that never existed, as we all know.
1937:Ă” and Ă» do not belong to the correct Hungarian orthography
2322:. The in-depth article should probably start with these.
2097:, but it has been corrected by many people afterwards. --
5490:
The Uralic Language Family: Facts, Myths and Statistics.
3407:
You mean it didn't get deleted? How did that happen? -
2822:
Antifinnugor, please familiarize yourself with the term
2760:
Do as you wish. This is more your specialty than mine.--
2350:
The Uralic Language Family: Facts, Myths and Statistics.
1572:
Here some of the ground words in Finnish and Hungarian.
838:"Another feature is that verbs are inflected by person."
1226:'my book') and an independent possessive pronoun (e.g.
361:
help a little; I don't have the knowledge to add more.
3526:
Critique of the Finno-Ugric and Uralic Language Groups
2432:
by searching the literature for articles supporting it
2276:
but that you are still suffered to insert your views,
724:
Another feature is that verbs are inflected by person.
1925:
and link it from this article 21:56, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
586:
As for Soviet motivations. Many nations speaking the
1523:
place indicator.) Most people use the word "human" (
983:. The difference is very evident in languages (like
790:
http://www.cc.jyu.fi/~hetahein/tiede/verbikaava.html
3482:
Knowledge (XXG):Pages needing attention/Linguistics
1213:
etc. (Can someone please double-check my Turkish?).
1118:, and "possessive pronouns" as an exact synonym of
3506:Critique of Finno-Ugric and Uralic language groups
3390:Critique of Finno-Ugric and Uralic language groups
2038:OK, looked this up, seems like water is disputed:
3149:And I shudder to think where WP would be without
1222:is both a determinative possessive pronoun (e.g.
5027:The Mordvin (Erzya) and Komi words are from the
3890:. This is expressed exactly in the same way in
3592:The speakers of the here grouped languages are
2872:I notice that the table is patiently explained,
1079:(the dog-my). Hippophaë, what do you think? --
3371:Knowledge (XXG):Votes for deletion/Basic words
2226:Hipo breverts vandalistic and unscrupulously.
2166:Um, what? I didn't make any Swadesh list. --
601:I warn you that politics in Hungary is a very
3981:form of nouns. This is completely unknown in
3619:Typology for Turanian agglutinating languages
2671:Proto-Finno-Lappic & Proto-Ugric: 1000 BC
2187:Actually, I put in the Swadesh list links. -
2108:I could not find them there. Where are they?
2024:on the Wiktionary Swadesh list talk page. --
1122:. I should perhaps add a note on that to the
8:
2683:with a margin of error of what? 1000 years?
2278:as long as they are marked as minority views
3045:"vein", while the same word, going through
1150:morphology; cf. the following Turkish data:
871:, personal pronouns can also be omitted. --
2093:The list of cognates came originally from
619:couldn't stop laughing about all this :D
520:there is a political aspect to the debate
2081:Each source should have a brief summary.
1813:kieli "tongue" (but: "pharynx" = nielu)
716:The last sentence of the top section of
140:and present a serious writeup about the
3364:Knowledge (XXG):Pages needing attention
3189:About proto-Finno-Ugric reconstructions
2705:Where should extinct languages such as
2655:This is the most probable development:
5549:Do not edit the contents of this page.
896:Please fact-check what I've added. --
44:Do not edit the contents of this page.
4457:Finnish, Mordvin, Komi and Hungarian
3400:). This should be resolved properly.
2368:(Vajda 2003, 48, 1-2, pp117-121), in
1916:Swadesh list of Hungarian and Finnish
1534:in Finnish means "big", and I-E loan
354:cognates aren't necessarily similar.
158:Knowledge (XXG):Neutral Point of View
7:
3825:has such a verb (nekem van = I have)
3713:to indicate ownership, therefore no
3534:criticize the classification of the
2147:list is excellent. Thanks for that.
1861:What is a "ground word", anyway? --
477:Politikai okkultizmus MagyarorszĂĄgon
264:Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans
3988:Three-way distinction in the local
2701:Less known extinct Finnic languages
2366:The Canadian Journal of Linguistics
2360:(Saarikivi 2004, 40, 1, pp187-191,
1045:discussion page of Uralic languages
181:'two' is an exact cognate of Latin
3692:) or no grammatical cases at all (
2312:Criticism of the Finno-Ugric group
1802:nenÀ (ancient: pulmonary disease)
1146:; instead, it closely matches the
24:
3725:. (hĂĄz, hĂĄzam /=house, my house/)
3260:). Quite expensive, all of them.
3226:Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja
1613:isÀ (but notice: ÀijÀ "old man")
1116:determinative possessive pronouns
1099:Would someone clarify, please? --
119:Yes, pasquale is crank, I agree.
5534:
5397:Text illustrating some languages
5057:of some languages discussed here
3530:For the following reasons, some
911:Possessive Pronouns and Suffixes
430:Finno-Ugric as a political issue
29:
3199:Nykysuomen rakenne ja kehitys 2
2372:(Kunnap, 2003, 39, 1, pp55-57).
2356:This book has been reviewed in
1762:ruoho (but: "tanner" = ground)
1120:independent possessive pronouns
1069:independent possessive pronouns
968:Finnish: minun koirani - my dog
646:Daco-Romanian continuity theory
3214:are (NRJK 2) PieksÀmÀki 1984,
1560:Ground words (base vocabulary)
1357:SchlĂŒssel. '(That is my key.)'
881:Thanks for the clarification,
658:Hippo, please stop your terror
434:I found the following text by
1:
3702:â may not exist in all, like
3666:extensive use of independent
3623:Here are the features af all
3239:in three volumes, 1992-2000 (
2989:I agree, that would be cool!
974:North Sami: mu beana - my dog
197:to Armenian. Ditto for Latin
3717:, and generally no usage of
3677:no noun classes, that is no
2668:Proto-Finno-Volgaic: 1500 BC
2436:pointing us to the abstracts
2074:could use a lot of cleanup.
160:. ] 09:11, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
5488:Marcantonio, Angela (2003)
2665:Proto-Finno-Permic: 2000 BC
2587:2000 BC? The article says
2348:Marcantonio, Angela (2003)
1793:hammas (ancient word: pii)
1519:breath, or a life/animacy;
1490:(koira 'dog' + ni 'my'). --
1326:
1019:says â they simply use the
5590:
3861:verb modification prefixes
3760:Turanian languages prefer
2662:Proto-Finno-Ugric: 3000 BC
1923:Wiktionary:en:Swadesh_list
971:Estonian: mu koer - my dog
732:In Finnish one would say:
712:Verbs inflected by person?
210:rules). Examples: English
18:Talk:Finno-Ugric languages
5048:Word lists, grammars etc.
3979:dual (grammatical number)
3522:12:52, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)
3497:19:27, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
3428:18:18, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
3411:18:01, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
3404:17:30, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
3377:01:09, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
3354:removed {{attention}} tag
3306:12:28, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
3289:20:01, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
3210:20:25, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
3185:20:55, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
3116:12:44, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
3003:08:54, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2807:20:07, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2788:20:07, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2781:21:02, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2721:16:48, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2713:14:09, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2679:22:09, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2467:23:52, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2451:13:54, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2427:13:47, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2252:12:10, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2215:your remarks are clearly
2211:08:46, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
1622:Ă€iti (ancient word: emo)
1464:23:49, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)
1075:(the I dog-my) or simply
927:00:29, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)
907:23:42, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)
900:23:25, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)
708:21:16, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)
696:11:19, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)
674:08:22, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)
670:reference, do you agree?
666:07:49, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)
636:00:02, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)
614:05:27, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)
565:21:25, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)
553:21:01, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)
534:05:27, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)
491:04:29, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)
473:02:22, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)
389:00:23, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)
367:01:31, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)
301:21:53, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)
288:03:02, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)
278:22:41, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC)
131:08:21, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)
123:08:21, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)
116:23:46, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC)
88:22:41, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC)
3684:many grammatical cases (
3463:18:33, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
3448:18:32, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
3345:18:35, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
3330:18:21, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
3264:18:35, 2004 Dec 20 (UTC)
3166:21:25, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
3142:21:02, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
3133:21:02, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
3124:21:02, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
3086:11:12, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
3074:11:23, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
3026:11:12, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2969:08:22, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2950:10:38, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2922:08:22, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2869:09:03, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2841:03:10, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2815:20:33, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2764:22:29, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2749:21:45, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2729:16:56, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2696:09:43, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2636:14:01, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2599:13:27, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2568:12:28, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2530:11:05, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2514:08:22, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2491:07:59, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2461:Linguistic Shadow-Boxing
2304:12:10, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2293:13:00, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2230:12:10, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2191:15:24, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2170:13:58, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2151:12:14, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2112:12:14, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2095:Encyclopaedia Britannica
2089:21:02, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2062:20:49, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2028:16:35, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2015:I agree, but Wiktionary
2004:09:51, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
1960:21:25, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
1857:16:36, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
1849:16:40, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
1841:15:59, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
1569:15:49, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
1251:. (mein Buch) <=: -->
1236:22:41, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)
1103:21:52, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)
1083:20:37, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)
1028:21:36, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)
1007:18:04, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)
875:20:00, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)
846:20:00, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)
831:11:27, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)
807:11:12, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)
796:10:44, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)
653:01:09, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)
623:08:04, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)
509:11:09, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)
499:19:11, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)
408:01:20, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
401:02:46, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)
341:01:14, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)
311:20:22, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
108:23:32, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC)
5521:Another word collection
5446:The criticizers of the
5044:Another word collection
4043:The following are some
3396:. (Please refer to its
3237:Suomen sanojen alkuperÀ
2129:19:46, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
2123:Encyclopedia Britannica
2101:17:06, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
1968:00:32, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
1906:(apparently cognate to
1877:09:13, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
1865:04:28, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
1555:15:54, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
1494:17:00, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)
1475:01:38, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
1445:10:23, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
1303:19:32, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
1256:09:32, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
1252:That's mine (my book).
953:17:34, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)
938:09:32, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
590:were living within the
272:Indo-European languages
172:Indo-European languages
148:21:37, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
5527:End of the critic page
3927:have maximal 5 levels.
3480:have been answered on
3061:is lost in Hungarian.
2473:Journal of Linguistics
2358:Journal of Linguistics
1722:polku, ("alley") kuja
915:Alright, I decided to
5547:of past discussions.
5470:Finno-Ugric languages
4010:â is present also in
3971:features, unknown in
3536:Finno-Ugric languages
3474:Finno-Ugric languages
2659:Proto-Uralic: 4000 BC
2471:Yes, both it and the
2022:brought up this point
1333:noun used in sentence
1181:'you' (Genitive case
642:Aryan invasion theory
558:Aryan invasion theory
461:Finno-Ugric languages
254:(verb, from Germanic
226:(adj., from Germanic
42:of past discussions.
5507:by Dr. LĂĄszlĂł MarĂĄcz
3904:are very different.
3853:misses this concept.
3197:, which appeared in
3103:opinion of experts.
2202:Hippo, do not revert
2053:List of ground words
1886:it is true that the
1653:jalka, (acc.) jalan
1515:is a derived word. (
5496:Linguistica Uralica
5483:Linguistica Uralica
4032:cultural emission.
3715:possessive pronouns
3711:possessive suffixes
2381:Linguistica Uralica
2370:Linguistica Uralica
2335:Linguistica Uralica
2318:group collected by
1673:maa, (humus) multa
1551:hint, not a proof.
1277:Das ist alles mein.
1126:page. As Hungarian
993:possessive pronouns
991:), which have both
981:possessive pronouns
576:Origin of Romanians
412:The Hungarian word
195:Proto-Indo-European
75:Disputed article???
3679:grammatical gender
3609:cultural emission.
3151:your contributions
2455:Angela Marcantonio
2072:References section
2058:that decision. --
1642:sisar (Indo-Eur.)
1322:(That's all mine!)
1289:Das ist mein Buch.
1124:Possessive pronoun
1041:possessive pronoun
632:page, anyway.) --
5577:
5576:
5559:
5558:
5553:current talk page
5498:37, 2, pp81-102.
5388:
5387:
5025:
5024:
4464:Here some of the
4435:
4434:
4018:, irrelevant here
3833:verb conjugations
3745:always the first
3670:, also known as (
3594:anthropologically
3521:
3488:in this comment:
3447:
3427:
3329:
3296:Christopher Ehret
3288:
3165:
3115:
3073:
2979:Dbachmann wrote:
2949:
2868:
2826:. The tables are
2695:
2635:
2567:
2513:
2490:
2450:
2426:
2414:as with Finnic).
2408:get to work, AFU!
2292:
2267:
1829:
1828:
1702:meri (Indo-Eur.)
1435:
1434:
1419:(That is my car.)
1387:(That is my cup.)
1001:personal pronouns
921:User:Oliver Uwira
644:theories and the
383:in the same way.
373:table of cognates
72:
71:
54:
53:
48:current talk page
5581:
5573:
5561:
5560:
5538:
5537:
5531:
5485:40, 1, pp 40-45.
5465:Uralic languages
5099:
5098:
4715:metsikkö, metsÀ
4499:
4330:juolgi, juolggi
4050:
4016:Slavic languages
3513:
3478:Uralic languages
3439:
3419:
3394:Uralic languages
3321:
3300:Sergei Starostin
3280:
3157:
3107:
3065:
2941:
2860:
2687:
2627:
2559:
2505:
2482:
2442:
2418:
2383:37, 2, pp81-102.
2284:
2259:
1992:but this is not
1575:
1327:
1230:'That's mine.').
1199:(a man's name; (
817:Uralic Languages
588:Uralic languages
234:(verb); English
165:Sets of cognates
68:
56:
55:
33:
32:
26:
5589:
5588:
5584:
5583:
5582:
5580:
5579:
5578:
5569:
5535:
5529:
5516:Word collection
5478:
5461:
5444:
5399:
5094:
5083:Erzya (Mordvin)
5067:Rosetta Project
5059:
5040:Word collection
4462:
4041:
4025:
4004:
3779:
3621:
3616:
3528:
3386:
3356:
3273:
3191:
3175:
2800:
2794:
2775:
2703:
2653:
2651:Proto languages
2457:
2337:40, 1, pp40-45.
2315:
2204:
2068:
2055:
1562:
1505:
1366:(That's mine.)
1285:Das ist meines.
1211:'Hasan's horse'
913:
714:
660:
432:
238:(from Germanic
214:(from Germanic
201:versus English
167:
138:doing some work
77:
64:
30:
22:
21:
20:
12:
11:
5:
5587:
5585:
5575:
5574:
5567:
5557:
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5539:
5528:
5525:
5524:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5502:
5500:online version
5492:
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5467:
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5443:
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4729:
4728:
4725:
4722:
4719:
4716:
4713:
4708:
4705:
4702:
4699:
4696:
4693:
4687:
4686:
4683:
4680:
4677:
4674:
4671:
4666:
4663:
4660:
4657:
4654:
4651:
4645:
4644:
4641:
4638:
4635:
4632:
4629:
4624:
4621:
4618:
4615:
4612:
4609:
4603:
4602:
4599:
4596:
4593:
4590:
4587:
4582:
4579:
4576:
4573:
4570:
4567:
4561:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4461:
4455:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4407:
4406:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4392:
4387:
4384:
4381:
4377:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4354:
4351:
4347:
4346:
4343:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4328:
4325:
4322:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4305:
4300:
4298:Äalbmi, Äalmmi
4295:
4292:
4289:
4285:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4255:
4252:
4248:
4247:
4244:
4241:
4238:
4235:
4232:
4231:guolli, guoli
4229:
4226:
4223:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4193:
4186:
4182:
4181:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4167:
4164:
4163:suotna, suona
4161:
4158:
4155:
4151:
4150:
4147:
4144:
4141:
4138:
4133:
4130:
4127:
4124:
4120:
4119:
4116:
4113:
4110:
4107:
4102:
4100:Äotta, Äoddaga
4097:
4090:
4083:
4079:
4078:
4075:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4040:
4034:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4019:
4008:palatalization
4003:
4002:Other features
4000:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3996:
3986:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3963:contains none.
3950:
3930:
3929:
3928:
3913:
3902:Plural markers
3899:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3854:
3844:
3826:
3816:
3809:negative verbs
3799:
3798:
3797:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3758:
3749:of a word, in
3732:
3726:
3707:
3697:
3682:
3675:
3631:culture, e.g.
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3590:
3582:
3575:
3527:
3524:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3272:
3271:other families
3269:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3222:
3190:
3187:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3144:
3143:
3135:
3134:
3126:
3125:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3076:
3075:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3017:
3016:
2997:
2996:
2987:
2986:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2817:
2816:
2798:
2793:
2790:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2731:
2730:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2456:
2453:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2385:
2384:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2353:
2352:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2338:
2314:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2295:
2294:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2243:
2242:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2221:
2220:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2103:
2102:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2067:
2064:
2054:
2051:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2036:
2030:
2029:
1990:sairaanhoitaja
1986:sairaanhoituja
1970:
1969:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1867:
1866:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1421:
1411:
1401:
1400:
1389:
1379:
1369:
1368:
1358:
1351:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1293:C'est le mien.
1262:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1231:
1215:Incidentally,
1214:
1212:
1207:
1195:
1186:
1177:
1168:
1163:
1151:
1138:'the dog' vs.
1109:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1009:
1008:
976:
975:
972:
969:
965:
964:
959:
958:
957:
956:
955:
954:
942:
941:
940:
939:
912:
909:
879:
878:
877:
876:
850:
849:
848:
847:
839:
833:
832:
811:
810:
809:
808:
798:
797:
785:
784:
783:
782:
781:= Passive form
775:
768:
761:
754:
747:
740:
726:
725:
713:
710:
699:
659:
656:
655:
654:
625:
624:
568:
545:
544:
536:
528:
527:
524:
521:
511:
510:
501:
500:
486:
485:
457:
456:
452:
451:
444:user talk page
431:
428:
427:
426:
403:
402:
369:
347:
346:
345:
344:
343:
342:
330:
329:
322:
321:
320:
319:
318:
317:
316:
315:
314:
313:
312:
268:online version
166:
163:
162:
161:
150:
149:
110:
109:
102:
101:
76:
73:
70:
69:
62:
52:
51:
34:
23:
15:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5586:
5572:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5554:
5550:
5546:
5545:
5540:
5533:
5532:
5526:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5497:
5493:
5491:
5487:
5484:
5480:
5479:
5475:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5449:
5441:
5439:
5437:
5433:
5429:
5427:
5423:
5421:
5417:
5415:
5411:
5409:
5405:
5403:
5396:
5394:
5392:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5365:
5362:
5359:
5358:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5334:
5331:
5328:
5327:
5324:
5321:
5318:
5315:
5312:
5309:
5306:
5303:
5302:
5299:
5296:
5293:
5290:
5287:
5284:
5281:
5278:
5277:
5273:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5259:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5238:
5235:
5232:
5229:
5226:
5225:
5222:
5219:
5216:
5213:
5210:
5207:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5186:
5183:
5180:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5169:
5166:
5163:
5160:
5157:
5154:
5151:
5150:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5130:
5127:
5124:
5123:
5119:
5116:
5113:
5110:
5107:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5097:
5091:
5089:
5088:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5063:Swadesh lists
5056:
5055:Swadesh lists
5053:
5051:
5049:
5045:
5041:
5037:
5032:
5030:
5020:
5017:
5014:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5000:
4997:
4994:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4978:
4975:
4972:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4958:
4955:
4952:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4940:
4936:
4933:
4930:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4916:
4913:
4910:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4894:
4891:
4888:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4874:
4871:
4868:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4856:
4852:
4849:
4847:kÀljgotnemsz
4846:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4832:
4829:
4826:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4810:
4807:
4804:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4790:
4787:
4784:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4768:
4765:
4762:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4748:
4745:
4742:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4726:
4723:
4720:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4706:
4703:
4700:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4688:
4684:
4681:
4678:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4664:
4661:
4658:
4655:
4653:jalka, jalan
4652:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4642:
4639:
4636:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4622:
4619:
4616:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4600:
4597:
4594:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4580:
4577:
4574:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4460:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4448:
4442:
4439:
4431:
4428:
4425:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4385:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4355:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4329:
4326:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4315:
4312:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4293:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4261:giehta, gieÄa
4259:
4256:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4227:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4216:
4213:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4198:
4194:
4191:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4180:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4168:
4165:
4162:
4159:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4131:
4128:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4117:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4091:
4088:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4076:
4073:
4070:
4067:
4064:
4061:
4058:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4039:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4022:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4001:
3995:
3992:â unknown in
3991:
3987:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3967:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3926:
3922:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3900:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3855:
3852:
3848:
3845:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3827:
3824:
3820:
3817:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3776:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3727:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3705:
3701:
3700:vowel harmony
3698:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3680:
3676:
3673:
3672:agglutination
3669:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3595:
3591:
3588:
3587:Joseph Budenz
3583:
3580:
3576:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3548:agglutination
3545:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3512:
3507:
3503:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3462:
3459:Good call. -
3458:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3446:
3444:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3418:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3384:Critique page
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3353:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3328:
3326:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3279:
3270:
3263:
3259:
3258:951-717-712-7
3256:
3252:
3251:951-717-711-9
3249:
3245:
3244:951-717-692-9
3242:
3238:
3234:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3220:
3219:951-717-360-1
3217:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3178:
3172:
3164:
3162:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3106:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3085:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3070:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3025:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3005:
3004:
3002:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2948:
2946:
2940:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2871:
2867:
2865:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2840:
2836:
2833:but lists of
2832:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2797:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2782:
2780:
2772:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2748:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2700:
2694:
2692:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2650:
2634:
2632:
2626:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2598:
2594:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2566:
2564:
2558:
2553:
2549:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2529:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2512:
2510:
2504:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2489:
2487:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2377:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2313:
2310:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2289:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2266:
2264:
2258:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2235:
2229:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2201:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2052:
2050:
2041:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1876:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1850:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1835:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1503:Swadesh Lists
1502:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1474:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1458:minun koirani
1444:
1440:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1338:noun not used
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1273:Das ist mein.
1270:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1228:Das ist mein.
1225:
1221:
1218:
1210:
1205:
1202:
1201:Genitive case
1198:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1158:
1157:Genitive case
1154:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1084:
1082:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
977:
973:
970:
967:
966:
961:
960:
952:
948:
947:
946:
945:
944:
943:
937:
932:
931:
930:
929:
928:
926:
922:
918:
910:
908:
906:
901:
899:
894:
892:
888:
884:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
853:
852:
851:
845:
840:
837:
836:
835:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
813:
812:
806:
802:
801:
800:
799:
795:
791:
787:
786:
780:
776:
773:
769:
766:
762:
759:
755:
752:
748:
745:
741:
738:
734:
733:
731:
730:
729:
723:
722:
721:
719:
711:
709:
707:
702:
697:
695:
691:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
673:
667:
665:
657:
652:
647:
643:
639:
638:
637:
635:
631:
622:
617:
616:
615:
613:
609:
604:
599:
595:
593:
589:
584:
580:
577:
573:
566:
564:
559:
554:
552:
548:
541:
540:
539:
535:
533:
525:
522:
519:
518:
517:
515:
508:
503:
502:
498:
494:
493:
492:
490:
482:
481:
480:
478:
474:
472:
468:
466:
462:
454:
453:
449:
448:
447:
445:
441:
437:
429:
424:
419:
415:
411:
410:
409:
407:
400:
396:
395:User:Mustafaa
392:
391:
390:
388:
384:
380:
378:
374:
368:
366:
362:
360:
355:
352:
351:Indo-European
340:
336:
335:
334:
333:
332:
331:
328:
324:
323:
310:
306:
305:
303:
302:
300:
295:
290:
289:
287:
283:
282:
281:
280:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
177:
173:
164:
159:
155:
152:
151:
147:
143:
139:
134:
133:
132:
130:
124:
122:
117:
115:
107:
104:
103:
99:
95:
91:
90:
89:
87:
83:
74:
67:
63:
61:
58:
57:
49:
45:
41:
40:
35:
28:
27:
19:
5570:
5548:
5542:
5495:
5489:
5482:
5445:
5430:
5425:
5424:
5419:
5418:
5413:
5412:
5407:
5406:
5401:
5400:
5390:
5389:
5382:
5377:
5369:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5322:
5297:
5263:
5247:
5242:
5220:
5195:
5190:
5142:
5134:
5095:
5087:Komi-permyak
5060:
5033:
5029:Swadesh list
5026:
5004:
4984:
4962:
4942:
4920:
4900:
4878:
4858:
4836:
4816:
4794:
4782:cjora, alja
4774:
4752:
4737:jÀrvi, meri
4732:
4710:
4690:
4668:
4648:
4626:
4606:
4584:
4564:
4489:
4463:
4443:
4437:
4436:
4389:
4373:
4368:
4359:ĂĄhÄÄi, ĂĄhÄi
4340:
4302:
4297:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4214:menni, megy
4196:
4189:
4178:
4135:
4132:salla, sala
4104:
4099:
4093:
4086:
4042:
4026:
3955:contains 17
3947:B. Collinder
3764:followed by
3622:
3529:
3516:
3499:
3493:
3470:
3442:
3432:
3422:
3406:
3387:
3379:
3368:
3357:
3324:
3314:
3310:
3283:
3274:
3236:
3225:
3198:
3194:
3192:
3183:Antifinnugor
3179:
3176:
3160:
3140:Antifinnugor
3131:Antifinnugor
3122:Antifinnugor
3110:
3101:
3084:Antifinnugor
3068:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3033:
3024:Antifinnugor
3012:
3008:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2967:Antifinnugor
2944:
2920:Antifinnugor
2863:
2853:
2831:dictionaries
2827:
2805:Antifinnugor
2801:
2795:
2786:Antifinnugor
2783:
2776:
2715:
2704:
2690:
2674:
2654:
2630:
2562:
2551:
2548:attestations
2547:
2508:
2485:
2472:
2458:
2445:
2435:
2431:
2429:
2421:
2412:just as much
2411:
2407:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2380:
2369:
2365:
2357:
2349:
2334:
2325:
2324:
2316:
2302:Antifinnugor
2287:
2277:
2262:
2250:Antifinnugor
2238:
2228:Antifinnugor
2216:
2209:Antifinnugor
2205:
2149:Antifinnugor
2122:
2110:Antifinnugor
2084:
2069:
2056:
2047:
2016:
2008:
2006:
2002:Oliver Uwira
1997:
1993:
1989:
1988:ought to be
1985:
1981:
1977:
1976:ought to be
1973:
1971:
1955:
1932:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1888:Swadesh list
1875:Antifinnugor
1855:Antifinnugor
1851:
1847:Antifinnugor
1843:
1833:
1830:
1571:
1567:Antifinnugor
1563:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1529:
1527:) nowadays.
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1506:
1487:
1457:
1454:
1443:Oliver Uwira
1438:
1429:That's mine.
1428:
1424:
1423:Das ist mein
1418:
1414:
1408:
1404:
1397:That's mine.
1396:
1392:
1391:Das ist mein
1386:
1382:
1376:
1372:
1365:
1361:
1360:Das ist mein
1354:
1348:
1344:
1337:
1332:
1321:
1296:
1292:
1291:, or French
1288:
1284:
1281:C'est Ă moi.
1280:
1279:, or French
1276:
1272:
1254:Oliver Uwira
1248:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1208:
1203:
1196:
1194:'your horse'
1191:
1190:, or simply
1187:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1172:, or simply
1169:
1164:
1159:
1152:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1078:
1074:
1073:az Ă©n kutyĂĄm
1066:
1062:
936:Oliver Uwira
914:
902:
895:
880:
864:
860:
829:Oliver Uwira
824:
820:
778:
771:
764:
757:
750:
743:
736:
727:
715:
698:
694:Antifinnugor
692:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
672:Antifinnugor
668:
664:Antifinnugor
661:
626:
607:
602:
600:
596:
592:Soviet Union
585:
581:
567:
555:
549:
546:
537:
529:
514:Antifinnugor
512:
507:Antifinnugor
497:Antifinnugor
487:
475:
469:
464:
458:
433:
422:
413:
404:
385:
381:
370:
363:
356:
348:
327:Antifinnugor
263:
259:
258:) vs. Latin
255:
251:
247:
246:(Accusative
243:
242:) vs. Latin
239:
235:
231:
230:) vs. Latin
227:
223:
219:
218:) vs. Latin
215:
211:
206:
202:
198:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:: Classical
168:
141:
137:
129:Antifinnugor
125:
121:Antifinnugor
118:
111:
78:
65:
43:
37:
5541:This is an
5448:Finno-Ugric
5111:North Sami
4844:kengelemsz
4695:maa, multa
4466:Basic Words
4459:Basic Words
4447:Finno-Ugric
4426:pöĆk, peĆk
4062:North Sami
3990:case system
3579:Basic Words
3228:this year (
3034:even though
2326:begin quote
1972:Seems like
1209:Hasanın atı
891:conjugation
863:and plural
823:, he kÀvele
774:= They walk
718:the article
357:Linking to
250:); English
36:This is an
5476:References
5307:kahdeksan
5282:seitsemÀn
5120:Hungarian
4581:apa, atya
4488:words are
4453:category.
4074:Hungarian
3938:lacks the
3908:uses 'k',
3770:consonants
3766:consonants
3706:or Persian
3233:951027108X
2217:ad hominem
2066:References
2009:definition
1832:A list of
1745:szerencse
1616:apa, atya
1456:Hang on -
1347:SchlĂŒssel
1188:senin atın
1176:'my horse'
1170:benim atım
999:forms for
919:. I used
887:inflection
794:Jniemenmaa
767:= You walk
753:= He walks
746:= You walk
465:linguistic
222:; English
185:, English
142:linguistic
5571:Archive 2
5565:Archive 1
5420:Hungarian
5363:kymmenen
5332:yhdeksÀn
5211:njeallje
5108:Estonian
5079:Hungarian
5069:website:
5061:207-word
5034:See also
4911:plmanzsa
4853:hazugsĂĄg
4558:Hungarian
4528:Hungarian
4482:Hungarian
4345:laamp(a)
4059:Estonian
4036:Selected
3994:Hungarian
3983:Hungarian
3973:Hungarian
3961:Hungarian
3957:diphtongs
3940:Hungarian
3916:Hungarian
3906:Hungarian
3888:Hungarian
3882:uses the
3857:Hungarian
3847:Hungarian
3831:uses two
3829:Hungarian
3823:Hungarian
3815:does not.
3813:Hungarian
3782:Articles
3739:Hungarian
3730:Hungarian
3721:, but of
3709:They use
3694:Hungarian
3662:, etc...
3652:Hungarian
3649:Etruscian
3532:linguists
3398:talk page
3047:different
2839:Hippophaë
2747:Hippophaë
2719:Hippophaë
2677:Hippophaë
2550:are also
2465:Hippophaë
2401:end quote
2099:Hippophaë
1958:Hippophaë
1834:unrelated
1810:language
1604:Hungarian
1589:Hungarian
1492:Hippophaë
1409:(the car)
1377:(the cup)
1349:(the key)
1224:mein Buch
1144:Hippophaë
1017:Hippophaë
1005:Hippophaë
963:Examples:
951:Hippophaë
883:Hippophaë
873:Hippophaë
844:Hippophaë
760:= We walk
294:Hungarian
66:Archive 2
60:Archive 1
5459:See also
5436:Estonian
5408:Estonian
5319:Ćololov
5310:kaheksa
5105:Finnish
5075:Estonian
4934:celjagy
4914:pĂŒdzösz
4908:kumazsa
4875:személy
4863:henkilö
4833:feleség
4766:szaridz
4763:inevegy
4760:inevegy
4056:Finnish
4053:English
4045:cognates
4038:cognates
4030:Sumerian
3959:, while
3932:Phonems
3925:Estonian
3896:Japanese
3869:Estonian
3841:Estonian
3794:articles
3792:have no
3790:Estonian
3755:Armenian
3747:syllable
3723:suffixes
3719:pronomes
3704:Estonian
3681:of words
3668:suffixes
3660:Estonian
3641:Armenian
3629:Sumerian
3625:Turanian
3607:Sumerian
3603:Estonian
3572:Sumerian
3568:Armenian
3560:Etruscan
3542:family:
3538:and the
3461:Mustafaa
3409:Mustafaa
3375:Dbenbenn
3343:Mustafaa
3304:Mustafaa
3208:Dbenbenn
3039:probably
3001:Dbenbenn
2854:even AFU
2835:cognates
2813:Mustafaa
2779:Dbenbenn
2742:Muromian
2736:I think
2597:Dbenbenn
2528:Mustafaa
2189:Mustafaa
2168:Dbenbenn
2141:Dbenbenn
2127:Dbenbenn
2087:Dbenbenn
2060:Dbenbenn
2026:Dbenbenn
1910:?) with
1863:Dbenbenn
1630:brother
1488:'my dog'
1473:Pasquale
1462:Mustafaa
1413:Das ist
1381:Das ist
1353:Das ist
1301:Pasquale
1271:What???
1234:Pasquale
1140:a kutyĂĄm
1077:a kutyĂĄm
1026:Pasquale
1021:genitive
997:genitive
925:Dbenbenn
905:Dbenbenn
898:Dbenbenn
739:= I walk
651:Pasquale
634:Dbenbenn
551:Dbenbenn
471:Dbenbenn
440:Pasquale
418:Suonetar
399:Dbenbenn
387:Dbenbenn
365:Dbenbenn
359:cognates
339:Pasquale
309:Pasquale
299:Pasquale
276:Pasquale
176:Armenian
114:Pasquale
106:Dbenbenn
96:, not a
86:Pasquale
5544:archive
5511:Numbers
5442:Summary
5432:Finnish
5426:English
5402:Finnish
5349:ontolov
5335:ĂŒheksa
5316:kavkso
5313:gĂĄvcci
5285:seitse
5236:vihtta
5184:golbma
5161:guokte
5102:Number
5092:Numbers
5071:Finnish
5036:Numbers
4973:salxka
4947:hammas
4937:gyerek
4928:ejkaks
4869:lomany
4866:lomany
4850:kuilnĂŒ
4808:verösz
4795:husband
4769:tenger
4743:eryxke
4704:musjar
4659:pilyge
4656:pilyge
4637:menely
4634:menely
4631:taivas
4595:tjadja
4538:Finnish
4533:English
4508:Finnish
4503:English
4486:English
4474:Mordvin
4470:Finnish
4350:father
4202:mannat
4195:minna,
4188:mennÀ,
4085:sydÀn,
4077:Nenets
4071:Khanty
4012:English
3969:Finnish
3953:Finnish
3943:phonems
3936:Finnish
3921:Finnish
3912:-i, -t.
3910:Finnish
3892:Turkish
3880:Finnish
3865:Finnish
3851:Finnish
3837:Finnish
3819:Finnish
3805:Finnish
3786:Finnish
3751:Turkish
3743:Finnish
3690:Finnish
3686:Turkish
3656:Finnish
3637:Turkish
3633:Persian
3614:Grammar
3599:Finnish
3564:Persian
3552:Turkish
3502:Wikinfo
3495:Nyenyec
3402:Nyenyec
3360:perfect
3262:| hyark
2824:cognate
2145:Swadesh
2017:already
1785:gyerek
1776:csalĂĄd
1770:family
1765:tenger
1750:border
1733:jumala
1725:ösvény
1705:tenger
1679:forest
1639:sister
1619:mother
1610:father
1599:Finnish
1594:English
1584:Finnish
1579:English
1525:ihminen
1513:henkilö
1385:Tasse.
1287:(as in
1275:(as in
1204:Hasanın
1167:'horse'
1148:Turkish
1136:a kutya
989:Russian
917:be bold
869:Italian
857:Finnish
630:Hungary
612:Nyenyec
603:intense
532:Nyenyec
489:Nyenyec
436:Nyenyec
377:cognate
371:In the
260:dƫc-ere
248:dent-em
232:dom-Äre
39:archive
5452:Uralic
5374:kemeĆ
5366:kĂŒmme
5354:kilenc
5344:vejkse
5291:sisem
5288:ÄieĆŸa
5264:guhtta
5257:kuusi
5230:viisi
5205:neljÀ
5187:kolmo
5178:kolme
5170:kettĆ
5167:kityg
5164:kavto
5155:kaksi
5139:vejke
5117:Mansi
5114:Erzya
5009:pÀivÀ
5001:nyelv
4989:kieli
4985:tongue
4970:szudo
4925:lapsi
4905:polvi
4892:turun
4886:tikse
4883:ruoho
4859:person
4841:valhe
4830:götĂŒr
4821:vaimo
4805:mirde
4802:mirde
4791:férfi
4788:ajlov
4785:cjora
4740:eryke
4711:forest
4640:enezs
4623:felhĆ
4620:kĂŒmör
4617:kovol
4611:pilvi
4585:mother
4572:tetja
4565:father
4548:Moksha
4518:Moksha
4484:. The
4451:Uralic
4410:tooth
4324:jalka
4291:silmÀ
4246:xal'Ă€
4205:mija-
4157:suoni
4109:ĆÉlÉm
4092:sĂŒda,
4082:heart
3884:plural
3876:Nouns
3801:Verbs
3762:vocals
3735:Accent
3645:Basque
3570:, and
3556:Basque
3540:Uralic
3486:Ralesk
3366:says.
2792:Tables
2762:Wiglaf
2738:Meryan
2727:Wiglaf
2711:Wiglaf
2707:Meryan
2364:), in
2239:nobody
2143:, the
1994:sister
1982:father
1822:maito
1816:nyelv
1790:tooth
1782:lapsi
1779:child
1773:perhe
1759:grass
1756:hatĂĄr
1736:isten
1693:jÀrvi
1682:metsÀ
1670:earth
1645:nÔvér
1636:fivér
1417:Auto.
1375:Tasse
1217:German
1101:Dhanak
1081:Dhanak
985:German
701:terror
608:at all
240:tanĂŸuz
156:. See
5339:ovcci
5323:nyolc
5268:koto
5260:kuus
5239:vete
5233:viis
5217:nila
5214:nile
5208:neli
5196:hĂĄrom
5191:hurum
5181:kolm
5158:kaks
5128:yksi
4995:kÀly
4992:kely
4967:nenÀ
4956:piny
4943:tooth
4921:child
4917:térd
4889:tise
4879:grass
4872:mort
4827:ryva
4811:férj
4799:mies
4779:mies
4757:meri
4727:erdĂ”
4721:viry
4718:viry
4707:föld
4701:moda
4698:moda
4691:earth
4673:tuli
4614:pely
4607:cloud
4601:anya
4589:Ă€iti
4578:baty
4575:alja
4543:Erzya
4513:Erzya
4496:page
4397:tiÌźl
4390:dolla
4386:tuli
4383:tuli
4380:fire
4374:niiĆe
4327:jalg
4313:szem
4303:ĆĄinÄa
4294:silm
4257:kÀsi
4254:kÀsi
4251:hand
4228:kala
4225:kala
4222:fish
4217:min-
4211:mÉn-
4208:mun-
4175:(Ă©r)
4160:soon
4154:vein
4129:sĂŒli
4126:syli
4115:szĂv
4094:sĂŒdam
4087:sydÀm
4068:Komi
4065:Mari
4023:Words
3859:uses
3807:uses
3173:JĂ€nne
3043:suoni
3009:suoni
2241:here,
1998:nurse
1908:suoni
1900:sinew
1819:milk
1799:nose
1753:raja
1742:onni
1739:luck
1719:path
1690:lake
1685:erdĂ”
1676:föld
1662:tuli
1659:fire
1633:veli
1625:anya
1536:suuri
1517:henki
1407:Auto
1383:meine
1197:Hasan
1183:senin
1160:benim
1155:'I' (
1128:enyém
1065:enyém
777:kÀvel
770:kÀvel
763:kÀvel
756:kÀvel
749:kÀvel
742:kÀvel
735:kÀvel
572:Nokia
423:suoni
286:Mk270
256:tugĆn
236:tooth
228:tamaz
220:decem
216:tehun
136:than
98:troll
94:crank
82:troll
16:<
5450:and
5434:and
5414:Sami
5391:Bold
5370:logi
5294:sat
5274:hat
5271:hot
5221:négy
5147:egy
5143:akva
5135:okta
5131:ĂŒks
5021:nap
5018:lun
5012:csi
4998:kĂŒv
4979:orr
4976:nĂŒr
4963:nose
4959:fog
4953:pej
4950:pej
4931:igy
4901:knee
4817:wife
4733:lake
4724:vör
4685:tûz
4679:tol
4676:tol
4669:fire
4665:lĂĄb
4662:kok
4598:mam
4592:ava
4569:isÀ
4553:Komi
4523:Komi
4490:bold
4480:and
4478:Komi
4438:Bold
4429:fog
4423:piĆ
4420:pĂŒj
4413:pii
4405:tuu
4402:tƱz
4394:tul
4356:isa
4353:isÀ
4333:jol
4321:leg
4316:sew
4310:sem
4307:Ćin
4288:eye
4280:kéz
4243:hal
4240:kul
4234:kol
4172:jan
4169:sÉn
4166:ƥön
4143:jöl
4140:syl
4123:lap
4118:sÄw
4112:sÉm
4105:ĆĄĂŒm-
4014:and
3788:and
3741:and
3476:and
3298:and
3255:ISBN
3248:ISBN
3241:ISBN
3230:ISBN
3216:ISBN
2837:. --
2773:NPOV
2740:and
2552:much
2434:and
2320:mark
2070:The
1996:but
1984:and
1896:vein
1892:does
1825:tej
1805:orr
1796:fog
1730:god
1713:tie
1710:way
1699:sea
1665:tûz
1656:lĂĄb
1650:leg
1544:suur
1542:vs.
1415:mein
1355:mein
1297:mein
1220:mein
1192:atın
1174:atım
1132:tiéd
1003:. --
995:and
779:lÀÀn
772:evÀt
765:ette
758:emme
720:is:
244:dÄns
224:tame
191:erku
179:erku
5383:tĂz
5378:lov
5360:10
5298:hét
5015:si
5005:day
4895:fƱ
4837:lie
4824:ni
4775:man
4753:sea
4749:tĂł
4746:tĂŒ
4682:bi
4649:leg
4643:Ă©g
4627:sky
4468:in
4369:apa
4341:lĂĄb
4276:köt
4197:min
4190:men
4185:go
4179:tÄn
4146:öl
4136:ĆĄÉl
3867:or
3511:dab
3484:by
3437:dab
3417:dab
3373:.
3319:dab
3311:his
3278:dab
3155:dab
3105:dab
3063:dab
3011::
2939:dab
2858:dab
2828:not
2685:dab
2625:dab
2557:dab
2503:dab
2480:dab
2440:dab
2416:dab
2362:PDF
2282:dab
2257:dab
1978:isÀ
1974:isa
1966:Vuo
1898:to
1839:dab
1716:Ășt
1696:tĂł
1553:dab
1540:iso
1532:iso
1521:-lö
1508:Vuo
1427:. (
1405:das
1395:. (
1373:die
1345:der
1179:sen
1153:ben
987:or
889:to
861:hÀn
825:vÀt
805:dab
792:--
706:dab
621:dab
563:dab
442:'s
438:on
406:Vuo
393:As
252:tow
212:ten
187:two
183:duĆ
146:dab
5329:9
5304:8
5279:7
5254:6
5248:öt
5243:at
5227:5
5202:4
5175:3
5152:2
5125:1
5085:,
5081:,
5077:,
5073:,
5050:.
5046:,
5042:,
5038:,
4476:,
4472:,
4283:-
4271:ki
4266:kö
4237:-
4199:-
4192:-
4149:-
4096:-
4089:-
3894:.
3811:,
3753:,
3688:,
3658:,
3654:,
3647:,
3643:,
3639:,
3635:,
3601:,
3566:,
3562:,
3558:,
3554:,
3433:if
3315:is
3253:,
3246:,
3206:--
3153:!
3051:Ăn
3013:Ăn
2745:--
2675:--
1980:=
1956:--
1912:er
1904:in
1431:)
1399:)
1364:.
1362:er
1165:at
1130:,
865:he
842:--
821:ee
751:ee
744:et
737:en
446::
414:Ăn
5555:.
4449:/
3985:.
3949:)
3923:/
3871:.
3843:.
3839:/
3772:.
3674:)
3574:.
3519:)
3517:á
3515:(
3445:)
3443:á
3441:(
3425:)
3423:á
3421:(
3327:)
3325:á
3323:(
3294:(
3286:)
3284:á
3282:(
3221:.
3163:)
3161:á
3159:(
3113:)
3111:á
3109:(
3071:)
3069:á
3067:(
3059:s
3055:s
2947:)
2945:á
2943:(
2866:)
2864:á
2862:(
2693:)
2691:á
2689:(
2633:)
2631:á
2629:(
2565:)
2563:á
2561:(
2511:)
2509:á
2507:(
2488:)
2486:á
2484:(
2448:)
2446:á
2444:(
2424:)
2422:á
2420:(
2406:(
2290:)
2288:á
2286:(
2265:)
2263:á
2261:(
1425:s
1393:e
1249:s
1206:)
1185:)
1162:)
1047::
207:t
203:t
199:d
100:.
50:.
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