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1308:. Fundamental rights, in India (unlike other jurisdiction like the United States) are actually not unalienable or absolute. They are not much different from any other rights in many areas - including the fact that they can be suspended, repealed, or restricted. Therefore, the word guarantee is liable to be mistaken (e.g. other rights are not "guaranteed", or that the "guarantee" is absolute). For an article on fundamental rights - this needs to be stated upfront. The difference arises from three different aspects = how in process it is different, how in substance it is different, and how in spirit it is different.
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1813:- thank you both for your interventions - but I guess this is not concluding, and it has gone back to a 15-year old lead (that's still a couple of years after I left this place :-) ). Let me find some better places in Knowledge to make myself useful. This article needs more eyes (and perhaps a few more people directly contributing in the article, than on the Talk Page and the Page History) but I guess there will be time. Peace gentlefolk!
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based on which the
Kesavananda Bharati judgment was provided). And therefore my next three lines assert how difficult it is to amend fundamental rights, and how even after such an amendment they are liable to be struck down, if the courts of law hold the amendments violative of basic structure principle. And therefore the next three statements
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However, fundamental rights, as mentioned earlier are not unalienable - they can be suspended, restricted and repealed. The next difference comes because the constitution provides for an
Article 13 that can provide a direct action by the Supreme Court to strike down a law - instead of only passing a
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1. The article suffers from many issues - including inaccuracies. My attention was invited through the lead notice 2. The lead should explain what is "fundamental" to the rights - the Indian constitution's guarantee is not absolute and it is important to mention this in as lucid a manner as possible.
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Section 3 to
Section 8 are reproductions of Indian Constitution. In the section on critical analysis, a textbook used by 15 year old children has been used as a significant source. There are some irrelevant statements about corruption, speedy trials, and a rambling about how India "is its people, not
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And that's all I did to the first - section - now may be the sentence construction can be edited, sentences broken (which I will check again, in a bit) but the earlier version was woefully inadequate to get any nuance on this topic (and if you read the rest of the article, there are many more issues
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Fundamental rights can only be amended by a special majority of the
Parliament under Article 368 :â259â. However, as per the Basic Structure Doctrine, any such amendments are still subject to review by the Indian courts. Pursuant to the Kesavananda Bharati judgement, challenges to fundamental rights
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Now, there is a third aspect - which has been held by the courts of law in spirit - which is that even where fundamental rights can be repealed by the
Legislature (and we need to recognize how), the Supreme Court has asserted its power to enforce the "basic structure argument" (and this is the point
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The above distinction is important because certain fundamental rights (at an article level) applies to citizens only, while others apply to both citizens and other nationals alike. This nuance is currently missing from the entire article, which I hope to bring in a subsequent section. But, at this
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Legal scholarship has moved way past Durga Das Basu's executive volumes, used by law undergrads in their sophomore year. There is nothing on the vibrant debates in the
Constituent Assembly of India that has shaped our rights, the particular socio-political forces at play etc. The entire section on
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Coming to the source, The PDF cited in the previous citation is a dead-link (also which used to refer to the earlier version of the constitution). The current live version of the document is the version amended as of
November 2021 - I have directly referred to the constitution document - which is
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While not absolute, subject to amendments and reasonable restrictions, fundamental rights are held to a higher standard by the constitution. Under
Article 13, any laws (including de-facto laws in the form of "Ordinances, orders, bye-laws, rules, regulations, notifications and customs" having the
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Under
Article 13, the courts can directly strike down any law (or any other form of authority having the force of law), as unconstitutional, if found violative of fundamental rights - which it cannot do for any other law (under other forms of law, it relies on common law judgments or legislative
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Also - the other thing done was to amend "six fundamental rights" to six sub-groups - these are not six rights, but six sub-groups of rights. For example, right to equality actually refers to 5 different rights and principles - Equality before law (Article 14), Prohibition of discrimination on
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them for two paragraphs before getting down to business. Moreover, you claim that fundamental rights are so-called because they are justiciable by the
Supreme Court. On the other hand, if you look at the NCERT text book "Constitution at Work", there is no mention of the Supreme Court in the
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Fundamental rights are different from any other rights provided under the Constitution, in that they are directly justiciable by the Supreme Court of India. Under Article 32 of the Constitution, any aggrieved person:â50âmay directly approach the Supreme Court, bypassing lower courts for
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I am also hesitant to use a primary school textbook to defend this point (but bring it up, since you feel it is good to make the counterpoint) - there are plenty of blog articles and IAS preparation exam articles that make the exact same point I mention above (but I will use none of
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3. There are not 6 rights, but 6 groups of rights - the article seems to have copy-pasted from a previous link 4. The link to Indian constitution in the earlier version was broken. Citations were wrong and in wrong places 5. There were other rephrasings that were done
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Thanks - I have currently worked on only the first section, which itself had many problems. I recognize the article's lead paragraph needs discussion on "scope of the article" - but I continue to think there are several important points that need to come
1566:, thanks for your response. Unfortunately, you have completely ignored my second question. What RS have you used to base this content? Should I take your silence as meaning that you haven't used any? In other words, your edit was basically
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they can be directly appealed to the Supreme Court - this is really the crux of it. You need not wait for the long process of law with the lower courts to get fundamental rights appealed. So this explains my second and third
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1118:, just wanted to make sure you haven't forgotten about this. If the issues you pointed out haven't been resolved, feel free to delist the article using the instructions under "individual reassessment" at
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To illustrate how a fundamental right differs from a legal right - the article already had Right to Property (dead link fixed), but this passage was clumsily written. I have re-written this.
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1781:, I have restored your version. I find it much better and elaborative than the status quo and is correct to my knowledge. Just make sure you add reliable sources, I will help find some.
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prominence to inessential detail. I can see that you are yourself convinced that it is essential detail. But that is not enough for Knowledge. You need to be able to convince the others.
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through amendments were deemed to invite higher scrutiny under the "Basic Structure" test, with the Supreme Court asserting its rights to strike down laws that fail the test.'
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Given the substance of the above problems, I have reverted to my version. The user is free to edit from here - but please dont blank without responding to specific issues
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introduction of the topic. I am afraid you are confusing the mechanics for substance. Your content is more like a lawyer's manual rather than an encyclopaedic article.
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specific grounds (Article 15), Equality of opportunity in public employment (Article 16), Abolition of Untouchability (Article 17) and Abolition of titles (Article 18)
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As you can see there is no Primary Research needed (or done) on this - because the constitution document under Article 13 and Article 32 of the Indian constitution
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I will go line-by-line, so that you get a sense on how I am thinking. I am returning to Knowledge after long, so will also benefit from any feedback from you.
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The citations are in-line in specific pages of the constitution document itself, which by itself explains in each article the interpretation above given.
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One would agree that our Constitution contains a very impressive list of Fundamental Rights. But merely writing down a list of rights is not enough
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It seems absurd to me that an article on fundamental rights does not even refer to the correct legal document of the Indian constitution.
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n. The Supreme Court and the High Courts can issue orders and give directives to the government for the enforcement of rights."
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Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
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Looking at the article, large swaths of content is devoid of inline citations. It'd be useful if this could be improved â
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Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
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The section on "Significance and characteristics" is equally perplexing with a host of trivia and much is unsourced.
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approach a High Court or the Supreme Court to get any of the fundamental rights restored in case of their violation
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I explicitly mentioned that I corrected this link - but you seem to have ignored this and conducted a mass revert.
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retained this line from earlier version. Fixed citation. I believe this agrees with the First statement principle.
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Fundamental rights in India are the rights guaranteed under Part III (Articles 12-35) of the Constitution of India
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its land." Two very short sections on amendments and right to privacy that has got barely any legs to stand upon.
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precedence, or due process check) to provide a case-by-case opinion. Therefore my next two sentences.
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on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
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on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
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on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
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point - if we restrict our focus to the concepts, we will miss to understand this nuance later
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I suggest you consult a wide range of RS before attempting to revise the lead again. --
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Hope these are elaborate and specific enough to understand. Happy to hear your thoughts
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because it directly addressed what "fundamental rights" are. Your version is talking
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had reverted my leads explaining my reversions were legalistic. Here is my response
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origins is a travesty with three quarters of the content being unsourced.
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force of law) can be struck down by the courts as unconstitutional.''
502:-related topics. If you would like to participate, please visit the
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I am striking the above to keep it specific - let me think more on
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I have added the seventh fundamental right "Right to Education"
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https://en.wikipedia.org/Fundamental_rights_in_India#cite_note-1
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But can you let me know why you have let the broken link stand'
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However, a question now arises on what is the meaning of
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Please explain how you revised lead paragraph satisfies
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and EW above. This GAR has been open for almost a year.
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of the decision if they believe there was a mistake.
1918:B-Class Indian politics articles of Top-importance
1606:Let metry and come back to you on the remaining
1671:- please refer to Page 40-41 of NCERT textbook (
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1675:) - Page 15/16 of 25 and I quote
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1573:Your edit basically gives
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1159:TrangaBellam
1137:TrangaBellam
1116:TrangaBellam
1102:TrangaBellam
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645:Human rights
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587:India portal
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424:WikiProjects
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294:June 9, 2006
264:reassessment
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19:This is the
1096:Please see
1074:: Delisted.
1060:transcluded
960:legal field
339:Peer review
320:Peer review
259:renominated
148:free images
31:not a forum
1877:Categories
1815:Chancemill
1779:Chancemill
1766:Chancemill
1705:Chancemill
1630:Chancemill
1564:Chancemill
1543:Chancemill
1330:sentences.
1210:Chancemill
947:Law portal
1861:Asthra137
1834:DaxServer
1811:Kautilya3
1594:Kautilya3
1582:MOS:BEGIN
1354:remedies.
1306:guarantee
1236:Kautilya3
1225:MOS:BEGIN
1194:Kautilya3
1098:this note
88:if needed
71:Be polite
21:talk page
1575:WP:UNDUE
1253:upfront.
864:Politics
855:politics
811:Politics
593:selected
448:Politics
382:Delisted
344:Reviewed
325:Reviewed
186:Archives
56:get help
29:This is
27:article.
992:on the
891:on the
786:on the
681:on the
584:on the
538:on the
414:B-class
284:Process
203:90Â days
154:WPÂ refs
142:scholar
1586:around
1141:WP:GAR
1120:WP:GAR
1092:Issues
1072:Result
1014:Issues
420:scale.
306:Listed
287:Result
126:Google
1809:and @
1694:them)
1568:WP:OR
1232:WP:RS
1062:from
511:India
500:India
443:India
191:Index
169:JSTOR
130:books
84:Seek
1865:talk
1819:talk
1787:talk
1770:talk
1709:talk
1634:talk
1598:talk
1547:talk
1240:talk
1214:talk
1163:talk
1149:talk
1128:talk
1106:talk
1081:talk
1032:talk
883:High
778:High
363:Kept
281:Date
162:FENS
136:news
73:and
1417:- '
984:Top
965:Law
916:Law
673:Top
530:Top
176:TWL
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